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201
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1423
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[
1
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Un
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[
2
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Stu
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f
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[
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ased
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[
4
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d
elec
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ased
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[
5
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.
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ased
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ased
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ize
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d
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[
6
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,
p
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d
r
a
w
in
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[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
an
d
in
k
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p
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ti
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g
[
9
]
h
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t
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ied
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co
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tio
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p
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j
ac
k
o
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h
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ar
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[
5
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,
[
10
]
.
I
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Ho
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h
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ies
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o
m
e
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[
10
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a
h
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co
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s
cr
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p
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ted
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,
an
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co
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d
u
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to
t
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lar
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ev
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[
5
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T
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it
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b
ee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
4
2
3
–
14
29
1424
ab
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to
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th
e
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
an
y
o
n
e,
an
y
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
an
y
w
h
er
e.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
M
E
T
H
O
D
W
e
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
g
lu
co
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
in
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
iP
o
d
to
u
ch
(
MD
7
2
3
J
/A
,
iO
S 9
.
2
,
A
p
p
le
I
n
c.
)
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
1(
a
)).
T
h
e
C
MO
S
ch
ip
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
o
u
r
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
an
d
f
ab
r
icate
d
in
a
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
C
MO
S
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
T
SMC
0
.
3
5
μ
m
2
P
4
M)
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
C
MO
S
ch
ip
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
cu
it,
a
p
o
ten
tio
s
tat,
an
d
a
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
s
elec
to
r
s
w
itc
h
ch
a
n
g
e
s
th
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
p
o
ten
tia
l
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
a
U
SB
co
n
n
ec
to
r
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
a
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
th
at
g
e
n
er
ate
s
t
he
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ica
l
cu
r
r
en
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
a
n
a
l
y
te
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
o
les
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
cir
cu
it
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
a
n
al
y
tes,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
th
e
d
ata
to
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
v
ia
ea
r
p
h
o
n
e
j
ac
k
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
cu
i
t
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
ch
an
n
el
to
th
e
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
en
tire
cir
cu
it
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
c
u
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
a
C
MO
S
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
cir
cu
i
t,
a
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
a
r
eg
u
lato
r
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3)
.
I
t
o
u
tp
u
ts
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ab
o
u
t
2
.
7
V
a
f
ter
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
,
f
u
ll
-
w
av
e
r
ec
tif
icatio
n
an
d
s
m
o
o
t
h
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tio
s
tat
co
n
d
u
cts
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
elec
t
r
o
ch
e
m
ical
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
al
y
tes,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
(
an
alo
g
s
i
g
n
al)
is
f
ed
in
to
th
e
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
)
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tio
s
ta
t
an
d
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
a
m
p
li
f
ier
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
elec
tr
o
d
e
(
W
E
)
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e
(
R
E
)
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
V
IN
,
an
d
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
V
CM
V
IN
.
Si
n
ce
V
OUT
=
R
F
I
cell
+
V
CM
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
ef
lects
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
a
l
y
te
s
(
I
cell
).
T
h
e
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
alo
g
-
d
ig
i
tal
(
A
/
D
)
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
an
d
its
d
ig
i
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
iP
o
d
to
u
ch
v
ia
th
e
m
ic
r
o
p
h
o
n
e
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
)
.
T
h
e
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
s
w
itc
h
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
in
teg
r
at
o
r
,
a
cl
o
ck
ed
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
,
an
d
a
1
b
it
d
ig
ital
-
a
n
alo
g
co
n
v
er
ter
(
D
AC
)
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
5)
.
I
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
A
/
D
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
by
th
e
p
u
ls
e
d
en
s
it
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
DM
)
(
s
a
m
p
lin
g
r
ate:
2
.
5
k
Hz)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
u
ls
e
c
h
an
g
es a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
an
a
n
alo
g
i
n
p
u
t
v
al
u
e
.
C
h
r
o
m
a
to
g
r
ap
h
y
p
ap
er
(
W
h
at
m
a
n
1
C
HR
)
an
d
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
p
en
cil
(
Staed
tler
Ma
r
s
6
B
g
r
ad
e,
Ger
m
an
y
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
[7
]
,
[
8]
.
T
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
h
o
b
ic
ar
ea
is
p
r
in
ted
by
th
e
w
a
x
p
r
in
ter
(
Xer
o
x
C
o
lo
r
Qu
b
e
8
5
8
0
)
,
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
p
r
i
n
ted
p
ap
er
is
h
ea
ted
in
an
o
v
e
n
at
1
2
0
°C
f
o
r
1
m
i
n
u
te.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
h
ilic
ar
ea
is
5
m
m
x
5
m
m
a
n
d
th
e
to
tal
s
iz
e
is
1
7
m
m
x
1
2
m
m
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
)
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
ee
elec
tr
o
d
es
(
w
o
r
k
in
g
elec
tr
o
d
e
(
WE
)
,
r
ef
er
en
ce
elec
tr
o
d
e
(
RE
)
,
an
d
co
u
n
ter
elec
tr
o
d
e
(
C
E
)
)
ar
e
d
i
r
ec
tly
d
r
a
w
n
o
n
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
ato
g
r
ap
h
y
p
ap
er
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
p
en
cil,
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
al
l
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
1
m
m
x
5
m
m
(
F
ig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
)
.
T
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
r
esis
tan
ce
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
c
h
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
ab
o
u
t
10
-
2
0
k
Ω
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
w
it
h
a
n
en
z
y
m
e
la
y
er
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
b
io
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
g
l
u
co
s
e
i
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
:
β
-
D
-
g
l
u
co
s
e
+
GOD
-
F
A
D
→
GOD
-
F
A
DH
2
+ δ
-
D
-
g
lu
co
n
o
l
ac
to
n
e
,
(
1
)
GOD
-
F
A
DH
2
+
2
[
Fe(
C
N)
6
]
→
GOD
-
F
A
D
+
2
[
Fe(
C
N)
6
]
+
2
H
+
,
(
2
)
2
[
Fe(
C
N)
6
]
→
2
[
Fe(
C
N)
6
]
+
2
e
.
(
3
)
E
n
z
y
m
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
co
n
tain
s
a
g
lu
co
s
e
o
x
id
ase
(
GOD,
2
1
0
u
n
i
ts
/
m
g
,
0
7
4
-
0
2
4
0
1
,
W
ak
o
)
(
1
m
g
)
a
n
d
a
p
o
tass
iu
m
f
er
r
ic
y
a
n
id
e
(
Fer
r
i,
1
6
1
-
0
3
7
2
5
,
W
ak
o
)
(
2
.
5
m
g
)
in
a
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
-
b
u
f
f
er
ed
s
ali
n
e
(
P
B
S,
0
.
0
1
m
o
l/l,
p
H
at
2
5
°C
7
.
0
-
7
.
4
,
1
6
4
-
1
8
5
4
1
,
W
ak
o
)
(
0
.
2
g
)
.
T
h
e
en
z
y
m
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
(
5μL
)
is
d
r
o
p
p
ed
o
n
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
h
ilic
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
d
th
en
it
i
s
dr
ied
in
an
o
v
e
n
at
6
0
°C
f
o
r
5
m
in
u
te
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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lectro
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u
r
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Ov
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w
o
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y
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te
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a)
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r
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ased
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h
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n
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h
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lo
ck
d
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r
am
s
o
f
s
i
m
p
lifie
d
s
y
s
te
m
:
(
b
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Po
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
cu
it
co
n
v
er
t
s
AC
v
o
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g
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r
o
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o
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ch
to
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o
u
t 2
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p
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l
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o
ten
tio
s
tat
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an
s
m
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r
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n
g
o
u
tp
u
t (
an
alo
g
s
i
g
n
al)
to
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
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an
d
s
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r
s
w
itc
h
ch
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p
o
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tp
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t to
d
ig
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g
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to
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e
tr
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s
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itted
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ac
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to
iP
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u
ch
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icr
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h
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e
(
a)
(
d
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(
b
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(
c
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a)
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b
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
0
8
8
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J
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3
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n
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:
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4
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3
–
14
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1426
Fig
u
r
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3
.
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p
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ier
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t 2
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
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h
e
cir
cu
it d
iag
r
a
m
s
o
f
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a)
Po
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b
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O
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io
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a
m
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li
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ier
.
P
o
ten
tio
s
tat
o
u
tp
u
t
r
e
f
lects
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
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tr
o
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
al
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tes (
I
cell
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Δ
Σ
m
o
d
u
lato
r
co
n
s
is
t
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o
f
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ac
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r
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teg
r
ato
r
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ed
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m
p
ar
ato
r
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d
1
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it DA
C
.
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lato
r
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er
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m
s
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e
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en
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it
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o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
s
a
m
p
lin
g
r
ate
: 2
.
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Hz)
to
tr
an
s
m
it d
i
g
ital s
ig
n
a
l to
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d
to
u
ch
v
ia
m
icr
o
p
h
o
n
e
(
b
)
(
a)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
o
r
ta
b
le
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lectro
ch
emic
a
l S
en
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S
ystem
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o
n
es a
n
d
I
t
s
.
.
.
.
(
Ta
ku
ya
F
u
jimo
to
)
1427
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
(
a)
T
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
th
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h
y
d
r
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p
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o
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ic
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is
p
r
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ted
by
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w
a
x
p
r
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ter
,
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b
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h
r
ee
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tr
o
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e
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ir
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tly
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m
a
to
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r
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en
cil
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ch
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e
is
ab
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t 1
0
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2
0
k
Ω
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,
(
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T
h
e
en
z
y
m
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l
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tio
n
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d
r
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p
p
ed
o
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th
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y
d
r
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p
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th
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es
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an
d
th
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p
ap
er
-
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ased
b
io
s
en
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o
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dr
ied
in
an
o
v
en
at
6
0
°
C
f
o
r
5
m
i
n
u
tes
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
b
io
ch
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
g
lu
co
s
e
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
is
ch
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o
n
o
a
m
p
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etr
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A
)
,
w
h
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d
s
a
ch
a
n
g
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in
t
h
e
r
esp
o
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s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
h
ile
a
co
n
s
tan
t
p
o
ten
tial
is
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
elec
tr
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l
y
t
ic
s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
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tr
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ch
e
m
ical
cu
r
r
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t is
r
ep
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b
y
t
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e
C
o
ttre
ll’
s
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u
a
tio
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as
s
h
o
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:
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r
ed
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ed
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4
)
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h
er
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t
h
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n
u
m
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el
ec
tr
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n
s
f
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ed
to
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ctr
o
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e
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er
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ea
ctio
n
,
F
is
t
h
e
Far
ad
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y
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
A
i
s
t
h
e
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r
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ac
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ar
ea
o
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t
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e
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o
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k
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n
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elec
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e,
C
red
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t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
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o
f
th
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ed
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ce
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m
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r
,
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re
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h
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d
i
f
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u
s
io
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ef
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icie
n
t
o
f
th
e
r
ed
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ce
d
m
ed
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r
a
n
d
t
is
ti
m
e.
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h
e
c
u
r
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en
t
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n
cr
ea
s
e
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o
p
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tio
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to
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co
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ce
n
tr
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e
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ed
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ce
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d
d
ec
r
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es
in
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
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tio
n
al
to
th
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s
q
u
ar
e
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o
t
o
f
tim
e.
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h
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
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A
m
ea
s
u
r
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m
en
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
u
n
d
er
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
t
h
e
i
n
itial
p
o
ten
tial
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
W
E
a
n
d
R
E
is
0
.
4
6
2
V,
th
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
e
r
io
d
is
0
.
4
0
9
6
s
,
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
t
i
m
e
i
s
1
2
0
s
).
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
C
A
m
ea
s
u
r
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ts
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er
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co
n
d
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cted
u
s
i
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g
a
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D
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co
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e
(
1
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,
MP
B
io
m
ed
ical
s
,
L
L
C
)
i
n
a
p
h
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s
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h
ate
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u
f
f
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s
alin
e
(
P
B
S,
0
.
0
1
m
o
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p
H
at
2
5
°C
7
.
0
-
7
.
4
,
1
6
4
-
1
8
5
4
1
,
W
ak
o
)
.
W
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
s
am
p
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
g
l
u
co
s
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co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
s
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
m
M
t
o
1
0
m
M.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
i
s
s
ta
r
ted
1
m
i
n
u
te
af
ter
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
(
5
μ
L
)
o
n
th
e
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
b
i
o
s
en
s
o
r
b
y
t
h
e
iO
S
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
o
u
r
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
itial
p
o
ten
ti
al
is
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
a
f
ter
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
an
d
th
e
n
C
A
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
s
tar
ted
.
T
h
e
iPo
d
v
o
lu
m
e
w
as
1
2
(
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
iP
o
d
to
u
ch
is
1
6
)
,
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
5
ti
m
e
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
(
c)
(
b
)
(
a)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
4
2
3
–
14
29
1428
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
.
8
(
(
a)
0
m
M,
(
b
)
2
.
5
m
M,
(
c)
5
m
M,
(
d
)
7
.
5
m
M,
(
e)
1
0
m
M)
.
T
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
ax
i
s
is
ti
m
e
[
s
]
,
a
n
d
th
e
v
er
tical
a
x
is
i
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
[
μ
A
]
.
A
p
r
o
p
er
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
in
v
er
s
e
ly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
ti
m
e.
Fig
.
9
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
at
ea
ch
g
l
u
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
af
ter
1
2
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
a
f
ter
1
2
0
s.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Scr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
o
f
iO
S a
p
p
licatio
n
in
t
h
e
C
A
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
Glu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
:
(
a)
0
m
M,
(
b
)
2
.
5
m
M,
(
c)
5
m
M,
(
d
)
7
.
5
m
M,
(
e)
1
0
m
M
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
v
s
.
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
1
2
0
s
af
ter
s
ta
r
tin
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
(
a)
(d
)
(c
)
(b
)
(e
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
o
r
ta
b
le
E
lectro
ch
emic
a
l S
en
s
in
g
S
ystem
A
tta
ch
ed
to
S
ma
r
tp
h
o
n
es a
n
d
I
t
s
.
.
.
.
(
Ta
ku
ya
F
u
jimo
to
)
1429
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
W
e
co
n
d
u
cted
t
h
e
g
l
u
co
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
m
M
to
1
0
m
M
in
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
en
s
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
s
m
all
an
d
lo
w
co
s
t
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
ch
r
o
m
a
to
g
r
ap
h
y
p
ap
er
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
p
en
cil
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RE
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NC
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S
[1
]
W
HO
,
“
G
lo
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re
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v
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,
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0
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6
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[2
]
“
2
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Co
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Ge
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s)
b
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0
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,
”
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0
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.
[
o
n
li
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e
]
A
v
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il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
e
m
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/
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,
[3
]
L
.
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h
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t
a
l.
,
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P
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of
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a
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Ch
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v
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l
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,
p
p
.
4
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4
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3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
R
.
A
rts
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
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g
Bio
c
h
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m
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m
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sc
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De
tec
ti
o
n
o
n
S
m
a
rtp
h
o
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s:
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o
b
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Ch
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m
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latf
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rm
f
o
r
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in
t
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of
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Ne
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d
A
n
a
l
y
sis,
”
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a
lytica
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mistry
,
v
o
l
/i
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u
e
:
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(
15
)
,
p
p
.
7
2
9
9
–
7
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0
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
A
.
S
u
n
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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L
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so
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0
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4
IEE
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d
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e
(
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0
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.
[6
]
A
.
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ss
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v
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n
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d
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ter
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ss
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p
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0
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1
.
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]
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.
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i,
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t
a
l.
,
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p
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p
a
p
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so
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p
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m
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mistry
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v
o
l.
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6
9
,
p
p
.
72
–
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,
2
0
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.
[8
]
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.
L
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
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u
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a
m
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l
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ti
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d
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v
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f
o
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l
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c
tro
c
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m
ic
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ld
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tec
ti
o
n
o
f
g
lu
c
o
s
e
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
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n
d
Actu
a
t
o
rs
B:
Ch
e
mic
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
3
1
,
pp.
2
3
0
–
2
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
M
a
e
ji
m
a
K
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
k
jet
p
ri
n
ti
n
g
:
a
n
i
n
teg
ra
ted
a
n
d
g
re
e
n
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
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m
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f
lu
id
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p
a
p
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
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ly
ti
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d
e
v
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s
,
”
RS
C
Ad
v
.
,
vol
/i
ss
u
e
:
3
(
24
)
,
p
p
.
9
2
5
8
–
9
2
6
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Y
.
S
.
K
u
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hijac
k
in
g
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
f
ro
m
th
e
M
o
b
il
e
P
h
o
n
e
’s
A
u
d
io
I
n
terf
a
c
e
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
Fi
rs
t
ACM
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
fo
r De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t,
De
c
e
mb
e
r 1
7
–
18
,
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
Un
it
e
d
Ki
n
g
d
o
m
,
2
0
1
0
.
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