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o
v
e
m
e
n
t
[
1
7
-
20]
:
T
h
e
g
r
ea
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
f
i
lter
s
,
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
an
d
p
r
o
v
ed
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
p
ec
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
li
m
itatio
n
s
.
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h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
i
m
p
r
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v
e
s
ev
er
al
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
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n
d
icat
o
r
s
b
y
o
n
e
m
u
lti
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ev
ice,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
f
il
ter
,
is
li
m
ited
b
y
t
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
.
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h
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilte
r
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ilter
’
s
m
ai
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
r
th
eir
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
in
th
e
p
er
m
itted
r
an
g
e
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
b
y
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ad
ap
tiv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
f
u
n
ct
io
n
i
n
g
i
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
v
ar
iab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
lo
ad
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
b
asi
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
d
icato
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
ex
ter
n
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
ac
tiv
e
f
il
ter
co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
ar
e
n
e
w
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
a
ctiv
e
f
ilter
s
ap
p
licatio
n
t
h
eo
r
y
an
d
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
s
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
t
iv
e
f
ilter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
h
e
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
ce
n
tr
alize
d
o
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
)
v
ar
ies
i
n
t
h
e
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
a
s
well
as
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ch
a
n
g
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
o
d
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
f
ail
u
r
es i
n
ce
n
tr
alize
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
r
ea
lize
th
e
m
u
lti
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ev
ice
o
n
th
e
b
asi
s
o
f
o
n
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
s
e
v
er
al
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ad
ap
ti
v
e
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilte
r
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
s
e
t
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
ex
ter
n
a
l f
ac
to
r
s
w
ith
s
av
in
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
q
u
ali
t
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
in
d
icate
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
d
etec
t
an
d
an
al
y
ze
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
s
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
u
n
d
er
v
ar
ia
tio
n
o
f
e
x
ter
n
al
an
d
i
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Her
e
t
h
e
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
c
h
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
,
an
d
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
u
c
h
m
eth
o
d
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
i
lter
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
i
v
en
s
et
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
en
th
is
f
ilter
i
s
u
s
ed
as
a
s
ta
n
d
-
alo
n
e
d
ev
ice
o
r
a
p
ar
t
o
f
m
u
lti
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ev
ic
e
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
m
a
in
s
tag
e
s
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
f
irst
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
is
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
s
f
r
o
m
al
l
p
len
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
th
eo
r
ies
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
7
,
8
,
2
1
-
2
6
]
,
th
e
w
a
y
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ati
o
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
s
h
u
n
t a
ctiv
e
f
ilter
co
n
tr
o
l
m
a
y
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
7
-
3
0
]
:
W
ay
s
b
as
e
d
o
n
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
(
DF
T
)
a
n
d
f
as
t
F
o
u
r
i
e
r
(
F
F
T
)
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
[
3
1
-
3
5
]
.
W
ay
s
th
a
t
ex
t
r
a
ct
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
c
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
v
o
lt
ag
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
th
e
o
r
i
es
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
y
s
ic
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
(
C
PC
)
[
2
2
,
2
3
,
3
6
]
.
W
a
y
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
p
h
a
s
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
s
(
α
β
,
d
q
,
C
l
a
r
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
)
[
2
5
]
.
W
ay
s
th
a
t
u
s
e
th
e
th
e
o
r
i
e
s
an
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
in
s
t
an
t
an
e
o
u
s
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
2
4
,
2
7
]
(
p
-
q
th
e
o
r
y
)
,
d
ev
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
y
H
.
A
k
ag
i
.
F
u
z
zy
l
o
g
i
c
w
ay
s
[
3
7
,
3
8
]
.
A
ll
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
w
a
y
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
,
s
tu
d
ied
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
ed
[
2
2
-
3
6
]
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
ial
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
r
es
u
lts
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
le
v
els
o
f
th
ese
w
a
y
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
n
al
y
s
is
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
s
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
an
d
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
le
x
es
f
o
r
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
ass
i
v
e
f
i
lter
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
s
u
c
h
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r
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r
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v
en
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
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w
er
e
s
elec
t
ed
[
2
2
-
3
6
]
:
A
w
a
y
b
ased
o
n
th
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p
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q
th
eo
r
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it
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s
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ial
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ac
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w
a
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1
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A
w
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ased
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n
th
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s
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ased
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w
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ased
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ased
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t t
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w
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ated
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t a
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n
tr
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e
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a
m
e.
T
h
e
in
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icate
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n
tr
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w
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d
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ter
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m
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s
[
2
5
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3
4
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3
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co
n
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s
#
2
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[
2
6
,
3
9
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co
n
tr
o
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w
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s
#
1
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d
#
5
h
av
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m
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m
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ase
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[
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ar
e
th
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h
[
7
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8
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h
e
in
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eter
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t
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p
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d
lin
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L
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PL
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ad
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ca
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as f
o
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s
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%
1
0
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β
LN
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(
2
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A
co
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ar
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v
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n
c
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c
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Xs [
3
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]
.
A
co
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ar
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v
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f
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Fig
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h
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
in
d
icato
r
s
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
t
o
r
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
THD
U
)
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
w
as
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
%
1
0
0
/
//
/
U
U
U
U
T
H
D
T
H
D
T
H
D
T
H
D
(
3
)
I
n
(
3
)
,
THD
U
/
an
d
THD
U
//
ar
e
th
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
f
a
cto
r
s
[
4
0
]
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
P
C
C
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
A
s
i
m
ilar
in
d
icato
r
is
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
v
al
u
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
t
io
n
f
ac
to
r
TH
D
I
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
(
Δ
THD
I
)
a
n
d
also
f
o
r
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Δ
k
U
2
)
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
Δ
k
I
2
)
u
n
b
alan
ce
s
f
ac
to
r
s
[
41
]
f
o
r
th
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
U
ns
2
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
I
ns
2
.
On
e
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
te
h
er
e
t
h
at
th
e
v
o
l
tag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
f
ac
to
r
k
U
2
[
41
]
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
an
d
r
eg
u
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
u
s
s
ian
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
GOST
3
2
1
4
4
-
2
0
1
3
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
[
41
]
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
%,
100
1
2
2
ps
ns
U
U
U
k
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
U
ns
2
a
n
d
U
ps
1
ar
e
th
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
f
ac
to
r
k
I
2
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
s
i
m
i
lar
l
y
to
eq
u
atio
n
(
4
)
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
lev
e
l.
T
h
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
an
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
Δ
U
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
%,
100
%
100
2
1
2
1
r
r
r
r
s
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
U
r
is
th
e
r
ated
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
v
o
ltag
e,
a
n
d
U
1
an
d
U
2
ar
e
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
v
o
ltag
es
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
ter
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
i
n
s
ta
llatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
d
icato
r
Δ
U
s
h
e
lp
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
s
[
4
2
,
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
d
icato
r
,
w
h
ich
r
e
f
lect
s
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
n
o
d
e
d
u
e
to
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
%,
100
1
2
1
I
I
I
I
l
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
I
1
an
d
I
2
ar
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
n
o
d
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
s
h
u
n
t a
cti
v
e
f
i
lter
in
s
tal
latio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
th
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
in
d
icato
r
s
w
il
l
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
ea
ch
s
t
u
d
ied
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
ap
p
licatio
n
u
n
d
er
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
et
o
f
i
n
t
er
n
al
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
[
4
4
-
4
7
]
.
Her
eb
y
th
e
all
s
ta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
allo
w
o
b
t
ain
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eg
u
lar
itie
s
,
a
s
s
es
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
es
en
ted
i
n
d
icato
r
’
s
v
a
lu
e
s
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
t
h
e
ad
ap
ti
v
e
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilte
r
co
n
tr
o
l u
n
d
er
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
i
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
e
a
s
s
esemen
t o
f th
e
s
h
u
n
t a
ctive
filt
er e
ffic
ien
cy
u
n
d
er
…
(
Yu
r
iy
S
yc
h
ev
)
5625
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
s
(
#
1
-
5
)
at
th
e
P
C
C
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
al
r
ea
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
X
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
ila
r
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
C
dc
,
L
,
U
dc
an
d
β.
I
n
th
e
T
ab
le
1
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
in
d
icato
r
s
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
i
lter
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
th
e
in
itial p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
,
lo
ad
an
d
f
ilter
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
at
th
e
P
C
C
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
r
ea
cta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
X
s
,
(
a)
Δ
THD
U
;
(
b
)
Δ
THD
I
;
(
c)
Δ
U
s
; (
d
)
Δ
I
l
; (
e)
Δ
k
U
2
; (
f
)
Δ
k
i
2
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
icato
r
s
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
Δ
U
s
, %
Δ
T
H
D
U
, %
Δ
I
l
, %
Δ
T
H
D
I
, %
Δ
k
I
2
,
%
Δ
k
U
2
,
%
#1
-
0
.
1
0
-
1
0
7
8
.
6
-
5
.
0
0
2
6
.
3
7
7
9
.
0
6
7
5
.
6
1
#2
0
.
3
9
-
1
8
0
.
6
6
1
.
8
3
4
1
.
2
9
4
7
.
6
4
4
6
,
3
4
#3
0
.
0
7
-
3
1
3
.
7
9
-
1
.
7
8
8
0
.
5
8
2
.
2
7
0
.
0
0
#4
0
.
6
2
-
1
9
2
.
5
9
4
.
3
5
9
3
.
6
7
9
9
.
1
3
6
3
.
4
1
#5
3
.
1
5
-
1
0
1
.
2
3
2
.
0
3
-
4
0
.
8
1
3
0
.
.
8
9
3
2
.
9
3
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
eg
u
lar
i
ties
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
a
in
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
m
ad
e:
No
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ied
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
a
llo
w
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
b
e
co
r
r
ec
ted
ef
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
w
h
e
n
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
tab
le
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
is
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
i
n
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
d
q
(
w
a
y
#
4
)
.
T
h
e
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
le
v
el
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
f
u
ll
y
s
av
ed
in
a
w
h
o
le
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
ter
n
a
l i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
in
ter
n
al
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t a
cti
v
e
f
ilter
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
6
2
1
-
5
6
3
0
5626
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
tab
le
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
a
n
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
is
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
o
n
p
h
ase
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
t
h
a
t
u
s
e
s
p
-
q
t
h
eo
r
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
p
ec
ial
r
eg
u
lato
r
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
w
a
y
#
5
)
.
A
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
le
v
el
o
f
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
f
u
ll
y
co
n
s
er
v
ed
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
w
h
o
le
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
No
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ied
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
allo
w
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
b
e
co
r
r
ec
ted
ef
f
icien
tl
y
w
h
e
n
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
a
l a
n
d
ex
te
r
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
r
an
g
e.
I
n
ar
ea
s
w
it
h
s
m
a
ll
i
n
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ce
n
tr
alize
d
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
)
,
w
a
y
s
#
2
,
#
3
,
an
d
#
4
p
o
s
s
ess
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
al
c
u
r
r
en
t h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
I
n
ar
ea
s
o
f
s
m
all
in
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ce
n
tr
alize
d
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
)
,
all
s
t
u
d
ied
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
allo
w
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
an
d
d
ev
ia
tio
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
u
n
b
ala
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
to
b
e
co
r
r
ec
te
d
,
w
i
th
t
h
e
ex
ce
p
ti
o
n
o
f
w
a
y
#
3
.
Un
d
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
v
ar
iatio
n
in
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
ated
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
f
th
e
li
n
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
o
a
d
s
β
i
n
t
h
e
PC
C
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
w
a
y
s
#
3
a
n
d
#
4
.
I
n
ar
ea
s
w
ith
lar
g
e
in
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
)
,
t
h
e
g
r
ea
tes
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
t
h
e
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
a
c
t
i
v
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
w
a
y
#
4
.
Ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
t
iv
e
f
i
lter
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
et
r
an
g
e
d
o
n
o
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
th
e
i
n
d
i
ca
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
w
a
y
s
#
2
,
#
3
,
#
4
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
o
k
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
allo
w
s
t
h
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
to
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
f
o
r
all
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
o
r
w
a
y
#
2
,
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
s
u
c
h
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
a
s
h
a
r
p
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
i
p
s
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
.
C
h
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
lt
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
t
iv
e
f
i
lter
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
n
l
y
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
w
a
y
#
4
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
t
iv
e
f
ilter
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
en
s
o
r
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
at
t
h
e
P
C
C
i
s
b
etter
o
n
th
e
w
h
o
le
th
a
n
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
w
h
en
w
a
y
#
4
is
ap
p
lied
,
th
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
at
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e
allo
w
s
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
al
le
v
el
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
to
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t o
f
s
u
c
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
at
t
h
e
P
C
C
.
I
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
es
u
lts
h
elp
to
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
s
e
lect
a
co
n
tr
o
l
w
a
y
f
o
r
s
h
u
n
t
a
ctiv
e
f
i
lter
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
g
iv
e
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
’
s
in
s
tallatio
n
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
[
4
8
-
5
2
]
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
h
av
e
g
i
v
e
n
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
t
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
ad
ap
ti
v
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
il
ter
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
u
n
d
er
v
ar
ied
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
au
to
m
ated
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
allo
w
s
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
il
ter
to
b
e
in
te
g
r
ated
i
n
to
th
e
a
u
to
m
ated
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
ta
k
in
g
p
ar
t
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
l a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
o
f
th
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h
u
n
t a
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v
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i
lter
f
u
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ap
p
licatio
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co
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d
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q
u
a
lit
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e
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5627
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a
n
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th
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ev
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u
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o
f
th
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tai
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n
et
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
lo
ad
[
1
]
.
Fro
m
a
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
,
s
u
c
h
r
ese
ar
ch
is
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
m
a
y
b
e
u
s
ed
as th
e
b
as
is
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t r
esear
ch
.
Her
e,
s
p
ec
ial
atten
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
aid
to
m
o
d
er
n
tr
en
d
s
in
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
en
d
is
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
er
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
o
n
th
e
b
asi
s
o
f
alter
n
ati
v
e
an
d
r
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w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
w
i
n
d
f
ar
m
s
,
s
o
lar
s
ta
ti
o
n
s
,
an
d
m
icr
o
tu
r
b
i
n
e
i
n
s
tal
latio
n
s
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
n
n
atu
r
al
o
r
as
s
o
ciate
d
p
etr
o
leu
m
g
as.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tr
e
n
d
is
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
allel
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
o
f
ce
n
tr
alize
d
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
ed
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
3
9
,
4
2
,
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
tr
en
d
is
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
ac
t
iv
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
as
th
e
m
ai
n
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
elec
t
r
ical
co
m
p
lex
e
s
o
f
alter
n
ati
v
e
a
n
d
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
tr
e
n
d
is
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
o
n
e
ac
ti
v
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
,
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
f
ilter
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
tr
en
d
s
,
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
f
il
ter
s
to
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
p
ar
t
s
o
f
a
n
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
o
f
a
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
,
as
ele
m
en
t
s
o
f
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
e.
g
.
,
UP
FC
)
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
as
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
h
av
e
u
n
i
f
ied
th
eo
r
etica
l
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
ical
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
f
il
ter
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
ls
o
,
w
e
ca
n
n
o
t
i
g
n
o
r
e
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
ali
ze
d
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
o
s
s
e
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
w
h
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
ta
k
en
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es,
k
e
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
ac
tiv
e,
p
ass
i
v
e,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
f
ilter
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
3
3
,
3
4
]
.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
i
t
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
r
esear
c
h
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ac
tiv
e
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
f
ilter
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
ied
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
in
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
e
n
w
e
n
ee
d
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
o
d
e
f
r
o
m
ce
n
tr
alize
d
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
a
n
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
i
n
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
ca
s
es
in
co
m
b
i
n
ed
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
An
o
th
er
t
h
in
g
ab
o
u
t
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
ea
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
f
ilter
s
as
co
n
tr
o
ll
ab
le
d
ev
ices,
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
s
.
T
h
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
,
d
escr
ib
e
d
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
en
in
m
an
y
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
p
u
b
lica
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
its
ap
p
licatio
n
[
2
2
]
-
[
3
6
]
.
B
esid
es,
s
o
m
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
i
m
ila
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
w
i
th
n
o
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
an
d
m
in
i
m
al
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
an
d
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
a
g
en
er
al
clas
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
all
ex
is
t
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
en
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
f
il
ter
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
o
n
es.
On
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
s
as
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
d
ev
ices
o
r
as
p
ar
t
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
ce
n
tr
alize
d
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
an
d
co
m
b
in
ed
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
esear
ch
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
l
e
v
els
o
f
t
h
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
u
c
h
s
t
u
d
ies
al
lo
w
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
f
i
lter
s
to
b
e
cr
ea
ted
.
A
ls
o
,
th
ese
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
a
k
ey
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
y
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
an
d
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
e
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
ass
iv
e
f
ilter
s
[
3
7
-
4
4
]
.
I
t
is
u
n
d
en
iab
le
t
h
at
an
y
h
y
b
r
id
f
ilter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
r
ated
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
ar
t
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
tu
n
ed
p
ass
i
v
e
f
ilt
er
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
ar
t
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
x
p
en
s
i
v
e
p
ar
t.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
it
is
r
ea
s
o
n
a
b
le
to
d
etec
t
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
t
h
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
esp
r
ea
d
ty
p
e
s
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
[
3
5
,
4
3
]
.
A
ls
o
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
id
e
as
o
f
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
p
ap
er
is
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
an
g
e
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
dc
,
L
,
an
d
U
dc
ca
n
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
is
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
r
w
h
e
n
it
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
u
n
d
er
co
m
b
in
ed
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
in
ter
n
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
is
c
h
an
g
ed
[
4
5
-
4
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
h
e
n
w
e
s
elec
t
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
dc
,
L
,
a
n
d
U
dc
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
w
e
d
o
n
o
t
tak
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
t
h
ese
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
m
a
y
ch
a
n
g
e
(
d
u
e
to
f
ail
u
r
es
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
a
u
lt
s
,
an
d
ch
an
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
)
.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
it
is
u
s
ef
u
l
a
n
d
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
es
o
f
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
dc
,
L
,
an
d
U
dc
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
u
n
d
er
co
m
p
licated
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
r
esettin
g
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
’
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
w
h
ile
s
a
v
i
n
g
th
e
f
i
lter
s
’
o
p
er
atin
g
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
An
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
i
s
q
u
it
e
an
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
d
e
v
ice
a
n
d
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ated
to
w
o
r
k
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
ial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
u
t
u
n
d
er
a
w
id
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
al
c
h
an
g
es
in
C
dc
,
L
,
a
n
d
U
dc
a
n
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
et
tin
g
s
.
A
ls
o
,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
r
an
g
e
s
o
f
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
C
dc
,
L
,
a
n
d
U
dc
h
elp
u
s
to
d
ete
ct
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
w
h
ile
r
etain
in
g
t
h
e
f
i
lter
s
’
o
p
er
atin
g
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
[
4
9
-
5
2
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilt
er
o
n
-
s
id
e,
it
i
s
v
er
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
c
h
o
s
e
an
d
t
u
n
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
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[
7
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8
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.
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4
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CO
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f
p
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en
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e
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asi
s
o
f
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n
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f
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.
T
h
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m
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n
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ib
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o
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e
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lts
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m
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y
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r
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to
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e.
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e
d
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d
ep
en
d
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ce
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an
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p
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s
ed
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o
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ar
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te
n
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p
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ar
am
eter
s
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d
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lo
ad
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ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
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l
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p
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
R.
S
a
lk
u
ti
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“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
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Op
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
f
o
r
th
e
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
(
IJ
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),
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o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
9
-
1
1
8
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
C.
Ju
n
g
,
P
.
Ra
y
,
S
.
R.
S
a
lk
u
ti
,
“
As
se
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
M
a
in
te
n
a
n
c
e
:
a
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
P
e
rs
p
e
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ti
v
e
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
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r E
n
g
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n
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rin
g
(
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),
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
1
-
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9
8
,
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0
1
9
.
[3
]
C.
M
.
T
h
u
y
e
n
,
“
A
N
e
w
D
e
sig
n
Alg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
H
y
b
rid
A
c
ti
v
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P
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w
e
r
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il
ter,”
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ter
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a
ti
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l
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o
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rn
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f
El
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(
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),
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p
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4
5
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0
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9
.
[4
]
V
.
Z
.
M
a
n
u
so
v
,
P
.
V
.
M
a
tren
in
,
N.
Kh
a
sa
n
z
o
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a
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w
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rm
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lg
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m
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m
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ro
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l
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Re
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c
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v
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w
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r
Co
m
p
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sa
ti
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n
Un
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s
Co
n
t
ro
l,
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n
ter
n
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ti
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n
a
l
J
o
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9
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,
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0
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9
.
[5
]
N.
Ch
e
rk
a
o
u
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
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ti
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a
n
d
Re
a
c
ti
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e
P
o
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r
In
jec
ti
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n
o
f
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in
d
F
a
rm
s
a
n
d
S
VC’s
Un
it
s
Us
in
g
V
o
l
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g
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I
n
d
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s
a
n
d
P
S
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
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r
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l
o
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l
e
c
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m
p
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(
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J
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C
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)
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l
.
9
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,
p
p
.
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4
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-
3
4
1
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
S
.
A
.
P
iza
rro
,
J.
E.
Ca
n
d
e
lo
-
Be
c
e
rra
,
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.
E.
Ho
y
o
s
V
e
las
c
o
,
“
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ti
m
a
l
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
f
In
v
e
rter
-
Ba
s
e
d
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icro
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rid
t
o
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p
ro
v
e
T
r
a
n
sie
n
t
Re
sp
o
n
se
,
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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c
trica
l
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ter
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e
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g
(
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),
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0
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n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
7
-
6
5
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
S
.
Na
ra
sim
h
a
,
S
.
R.
S
a
lk
u
ti
,
“
A
n
Im
p
ro
v
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d
Clo
se
d
L
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p
Hy
b
rid
P
h
a
se
S
h
if
t
Co
n
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f
o
r
D
u
a
l
A
c
ti
v
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g
e
Co
n
v
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rter,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
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c
trica
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ter
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g
(
IJ
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),
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l.
1
0
,
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
9
-
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9
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A
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3
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.
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,
“
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.
[2
4
]
S
.
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Ba
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.
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.
Ko
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8
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.
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5
]
S
.
Du
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ta,
e
t
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,
“
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In
t.
J
.
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En
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.
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6
]
C.
Ya
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,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ef
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f
Ne
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In
t.
J
.
El
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tr.
Po
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8
3
,
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p
.
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.
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7
]
V
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V
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ra
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g
i
Re
d
d
y
,
D.V
A
sh
o
k
Ku
m
a
r,
V
.
Re
d
d
y
Ko
ta,
“
A
m
u
lt
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e
v
e
l
UP
QC
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
q
u
a
li
ty
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
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e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
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o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
2
-
1
9
4
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
M
.
Oc
h
o
a
-
G
ime
n
e
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
Un
if
ied
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
e
rs,”
J
.
M
o
d
.
P
o
we
r
S
y
st.
Clea
n
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
6
0
9
-
6
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
9
]
A
.
M
o
v
a
h
e
d
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
in
g
S
S
S
C,
T
CS
C,
a
n
d
S
T
AT
COM
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs
Us
in
g
A
V
URP
S
O,
G
S
A
,
a
n
d
GA
f
o
r
T
ra
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sie
n
t
S
tab
il
it
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m
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ro
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m
e
n
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o
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a
M
u
lt
i
-
M
a
c
h
in
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
tem
w
it
h
P
V
a
n
d
W
in
d
F
a
rm
s,”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Po
we
r E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st.,
v
o
l.
1
0
6
,
p
p
.
455
-
4
6
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
M
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
S
.
Kirm
a
n
i,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
L
M
S
Ba
se
d
Co
n
tro
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
L
in
e
a
r/No
n
-
L
in
e
a
r
Lo
a
d
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
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o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
4
-
1
9
5
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
1
]
W.
U.
K.
T
a
r
e
e
n
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
k
h
ielf
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rle
ss
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ter
w
it
h
Re
d
u
c
e
d
S
w
it
c
h
Co
u
n
t
f
o
r
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
t
io
n
i
n
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
A
p
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
6
8
-
4
8
8
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
2
]
Z.
Z
o
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
Ord
e
r
Re
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
9
-
1
6
6
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
3
]
B.
N.
A
b
ra
m
o
v
ich
a
n
d
Y.
A
.
S
y
c
h
e
v
,
“
T
h
e
Co
n
tro
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
A
c
ti
v
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n
d
H
y
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rid
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ti
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n
S
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ste
m
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V
o
lt
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g
e
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n
d
Cu
rre
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t
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
Dy
n
a
mic
s
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
,
M
e
c
h
a
n
isms
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
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e
s,
Dy
n
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mic
s
2
0
1
6
,
O
m
sk
,
Ru
ss
ian
F
e
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
4
]
Y.
V
.
G
u
l
k
o
v
,
A
.
V
.
T
u
r
y
sh
e
v
a
,
A
.
V
.
Ko
p
tev
a
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
f
g
ro
u
n
d
in
g
sy
st
e
m
s
o
f
e
le
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tri
c
a
l
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o
m
p
lex
e
s
in
th
e
c
o
n
d
it
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o
n
s
o
f
p
e
rm
a
f
ro
st
so
il
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
9
I
EE
E
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
Ru
ss
ia
n
Y
o
u
n
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
e
rs
in
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ic E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
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Co
n
Ru
s
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
9
6
9
-
9
7
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
S
tru
c
tu
r
e
o
f
S
tatic
V
A
R
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
a
n
d
Hy
b
rid
A
c
ti
v
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P
o
w
e
r
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il
ter
(S
V
C//
HA
P
F
)
f
o
r
M
e
d
iu
m
-
V
o
l
tag
e
He
a
v
y
L
o
a
d
s Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
2
-
4
4
4
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
6
]
T.
-
L
.
Lee
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
ri
d
Ac
ti
v
e
F
il
ter
w
it
h
V
a
riab
le
Co
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
f
o
r
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
S
u
p
p
re
ss
io
n
in
In
d
u
strial
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
746
-
7
5
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
7
]
J.
S
o
lan
k
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
H
y
b
rid
F
il
ter
f
o
r
1
2
-
P
u
l
se
T
h
y
risto
r
Re
c
ti
f
ier
S
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
Hig
h
-
Cu
rre
n
t
V
a
riab
le
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
DC L
o
a
d
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
4
6
9
1
-
4
7
0
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
8
]
B.
N.
A
b
ra
m
o
v
ich
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
De
v
i
c
e
A
d
a
p
ted
f
o
r
V
a
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s: E
a
rt
h
a
n
d
En
v
ir
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
8
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
9
]
B.
N.
A
b
ra
m
o
v
ich
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
H
y
b
rid
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
Ba
se
d
o
n
A
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
P
a
ss
iv
e
F
il
ters
f
o
r
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
i
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
o
f
Oil
En
ter
p
rise
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
-
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
rn
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
Fa
rEa
stC
o
n
),
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
0
]
B.
N.
A
b
ra
m
o
v
ich
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ef
f
ici
e
n
c
y
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
H
y
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Co
m
p
lex
f
o
r
V
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
C
u
r
re
n
t
W
a
v
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f
o
r
m
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s
o
f
Oil
En
terp
rise
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
f
Ru
ss
ia
n
Y
o
u
n
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
e
rs
in
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
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ic E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
EICo
n
Ru
s),
p
p
.
3
9
7
-
4
0
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
1
]
S
.
Bo
sc
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
re
d
ictiv
e
Cu
rre
n
t
Co
n
tro
l
f
o
r
a
n
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ter
w
it
h
L
C
L
-
f
il
ter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
p
p
.
4
9
4
3
-
4
9
5
2
,
2
0
1
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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0
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8
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I
n
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&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
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6
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5
6
3
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[4
2
]
Y.
Ba
b
k
ra
n
i,
A
.
Na
d
d
a
m
i,
M
.
Hilal,
“
A
S
m
a
rt
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
H
-
Brid
g
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
a
n
Op
ti
m
ize
d
M
o
d
u
latio
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
In
c
re
a
sin
g
th
e
Qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Re
d
u
c
in
g
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
2
-
1
8
6
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
3
]
A
.
S
a
f
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A Ro
b
u
st Co
n
tro
l
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
a
M
u
lt
if
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
G
rid
T
i
e
d
In
v
e
rter t
o
En
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
o
f
a
M
icro
g
rid
u
n
d
e
r
U
n
b
a
lan
c
e
d
Co
n
d
it
io
n
s,”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Po
we
r
En
e
rg
y
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
0
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
-
2
6
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
4
]
E.
Kh
o
u
d
ry
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
ra
v
e
li
n
g
W
a
v
e
B
a
se
d
F
a
u
lt
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
L
in
e
s
u
sin
g
M
o
rp
h
o
l
o
g
ica
l
F
il
ters
a
n
d
Clark
e
M
o
d
a
l
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
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rin
g
(
IJ
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),
v
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l.
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0
,
n
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.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
2
-
1
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3
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
5
]
B.
I.
Ya
ss
i
n
e
,
A
.
Bo
u
m
e
d
ien
e
,
“
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
ies
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
L
in
k
in
g
t
o
S
m
a
rt
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rid
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
),
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l.
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,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
-
1
1
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
6
]
O.O.
F
a
re
s,
“
L
o
g
-
Do
m
a
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
-
T
u
n
e
a
b
le
F
u
ll
y
Di
ffe
re
n
ti
a
l
Hig
h
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e
r
M
u
lt
i
-
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u
n
c
ti
o
n
F
il
ter
,
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ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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lec
trica
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o
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ter
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g
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),
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p
p
.
1
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6
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,
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0
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0
.
[4
7
]
G
.
R.
P
ru
d
h
v
i
Ku
m
a
r,
D.
S
a
tt
ian
a
d
a
n
,
K.
Vijay
a
k
u
m
a
r,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
P
o
w
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r
M
a
n
a
g
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m
e
n
t
S
trate
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ies
o
f
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y
b
rid
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e
rg
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y
ste
m
s
in
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icro
g
rid
,
”
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n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
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ter
En
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p
.
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0
.
[4
8
]
A
.
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u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
S
a
n
t
h
a
K
.
R,
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v
ie
w
o
f
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u
lt
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rt
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late
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irec
ti
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l
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terf
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d
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e
rg
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to
ra
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ter
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ti
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l
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o
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f
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ms
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p
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0
.
[4
9
]
T
.
T
o
u
m
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t
a
l.
,
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teg
ra
ted
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in
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se
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g
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o
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lt
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g
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lu
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d
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r
m
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m
p
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sa
ti
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,”
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ter
n
a
ti
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a
l
J
o
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rn
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we
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ive
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ms
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),
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l
.
1
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o
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1
,
p
p
.
5
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,
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0
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0
.
[5
0
]
A
.
Ch
a
it
h
a
n
a
k
u
lw
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t,
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v
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p
m
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o
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lt
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tr
o
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ro
m
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rb
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si
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g
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ro
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rt
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n
d
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teg
ra
ls f
o
r
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h
re
e
-
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h
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se
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rid
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n
n
e
c
ted
In
v
e
rters
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
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c
trica
l
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n
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ter
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p
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0
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[5
1
]
A
.
U
m
a
r
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a
wa
n
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
P
o
w
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p
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to
r
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se
d
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rre
n
t
Co
n
tro
l
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a
M
o
d
u
lar M
u
lt
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v
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l
Co
n
v
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rter
(M
M
C)
Ba
se
d
S
TAT
COM
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
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l
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o
u
rn
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f
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o
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r
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p
p
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1
7
8
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.
[5
2
]
S
.
S
a
id
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h
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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o
d
e
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g
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p
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C
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it
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o
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c
to
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,”
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ter
n
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t
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n
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l
J
o
u
rn
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P
o
we
r E
lec
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ms
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EDS
),
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4
,
p
p
.
1
8
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2
,
2
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1
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Yu
r
iy
A
n
a
t
o
li
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h
S
y
c
h
e
v
r
e
c
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d
th
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Ba
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h
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lo
r
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n
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M
a
ste
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g
re
e
s
on
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tri
c
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l
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n
g
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g
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t
S
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in
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u
rg
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in
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iv
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rsity
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a
in
t
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ters
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u
rg
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n
d
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re
sp
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ti
v
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ly
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th
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h
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d
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re
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p
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e
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rg
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in
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is
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n
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c
iate
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ro
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th
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tro
m
e
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h
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p
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rtme
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ters
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rg
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sit
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.
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u
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t
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se
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rc
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re
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th
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p
ro
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lem
s
o
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p
o
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r
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p
ro
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m
e
n
t
in
p
o
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r
s
u
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ly
s
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ste
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t
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tu
re
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n
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lu
d
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c
e
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tralize
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,
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istri
b
u
te
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
p
o
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r
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ly
s
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m
s.
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o
r
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k
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l
a
e
v
ich
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b
r
a
m
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ra
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a
t
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rg
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in
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rg
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e
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ra
ti
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th
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sp
e
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ialist
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h
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ic
in
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1
.
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re
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h
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h
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sp
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ti
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l
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e
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a
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ro
f
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ss
o
r
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f
th
e
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c
tro
m
e
c
h
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n
ica
l
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p
a
rtme
n
t
in
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a
in
t
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ters
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rg
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in
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g
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.
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u
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t
r
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se
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rc
h
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re
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th
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ro
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lem
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o
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ti
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iza
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n
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ro
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o
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tri
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a
l
c
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m
p
lex
e
s a
n
d
sy
ste
m
s o
f
m
in
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ra
l
re
so
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rc
e
s e
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terp
rise
s.
V
e
r
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k
a
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ro
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ters
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rg
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ss
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ra
ti
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th
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e
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ialist
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u
to
m
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ted
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o
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sy
ste
m
s
in
1
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8
6
.
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h
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a
De
p
u
ty
Dire
c
to
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Ex
p
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rt
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f
th
e
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n
o
v
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o
sc
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w
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stit
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te
o
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c
tro
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n
d
M
a
th
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m
a
ti
c
s
in
Hig
h
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r
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h
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m
ics
.
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r
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se
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re
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ig
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sig
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ro
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le
c
tri
c
a
l
c
o
m
p
lex
e
s a
n
d
sy
st
e
m
s.
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