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p
r
ess
ed
in
a
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
r
ef
e
r
en
tial.
Oth
er
wo
r
k
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
ca
te
g
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
th
ese
s
p
atial
n
am
ed
en
titi
es
af
ter
id
en
tific
atio
n
.
Su
ch
as,
B
o
u
am
o
r
th
at
ex
p
lo
its
a
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
5
]
ex
tr
ac
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
lla
b
o
r
ativ
e
e
n
cy
clo
p
ed
ia
“Wi
k
ip
ed
ia”.
T
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
n
am
e
d
e
n
titi
es
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
titl
e
an
d
th
eir
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
is
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
en
ten
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
escr
i
p
tio
n
p
a
r
t
o
r
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
p
ar
t
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle.
B
u
s
ca
ld
i
an
d
R
o
s
s
o
h
as
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
p
atial
n
am
ed
en
titi
es c
ateg
o
r
i
za
tio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
h
esau
r
u
s
Geo
-
W
o
r
d
Net
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
o
m
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
aim
m
o
r
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
to
th
e
d
is
am
b
ig
u
atio
n
o
f
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
p
lace
s
n
am
es
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
am
b
ig
u
ity
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
a
wo
r
d
o
r
a
p
h
r
ase
th
at
h
as
m
an
y
m
ea
n
in
g
s
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
two
ty
p
es
o
f
am
b
ig
u
ities
ar
e
to
tr
ea
t
[
9
]
:
A
g
eo
/n
o
n
-
g
eo
am
b
ig
u
ity
is
wh
en
t
h
e
en
tity
h
as
a
n
o
n
-
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
m
ea
n
in
g
l
ik
e
th
e
ter
m
“T
u
r
k
e
y
”,
an
d
a
g
e
o
/g
eo
am
b
ig
u
ity
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
th
e
n
am
e
d
en
tity
r
ef
er
s
to
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
lace
s
as R
ab
at
in
Ma
lta
an
d
R
ab
at
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
[
1
0
]
wh
ich
,
f
ir
s
t
lan
d
m
a
r
k
n
am
es
o
f
p
lace
s
b
u
t
also
s
ea
r
ch
es
f
o
r
th
ese
ter
m
s
in
o
n
to
l
o
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
i
d
en
tify
r
elate
d
ter
m
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
.
Do
m
ain
-
Sp
ec
if
ic
tax
o
n
o
m
ies
[
1
1
]
ar
e
also
p
lay
i
n
g
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
m
a
n
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lts
[
1
2
]
o
r
h
elp
in
g
with
q
u
e
r
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lat
io
n
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
en
tl
y
,
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
also
cr
ea
ted
an
d
u
s
ed
.
Su
ch
as
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
a
r
k
u
p
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
G
ML
)
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
etr
iev
al
m
o
d
e
l,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Fan
g
an
d
Z
h
an
g
[
1
5
]
,
wh
ich
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
b
y
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
s
o
f
th
e
attr
i
b
u
te
f
ea
tu
r
es,
s
p
atial
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
lo
ited
GM
L
d
ata.
T
h
is
d
ata
th
at
is
b
ein
g
g
en
er
ated
b
y
s
p
ec
ial
s
er
v
ices
an
d
s
to
r
e
d
in
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
m
a
r
k
-
up
lan
g
u
a
g
e
,
wh
ich
is
a
co
d
i
n
g
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ex
ten
s
ib
le
m
ar
k
-
u
p
lan
g
u
a
g
e
(
XM
L
)
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
(
I
SO
1
9
1
3
6
-
2
0
0
7
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
tax
o
n
o
m
ies’
an
d
o
n
to
lo
g
ies’
h
ie
r
ar
c
h
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
ad
e
th
eir
s
tr
e
n
g
th
s
p
ec
ially
wh
en
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
lin
k
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
b
etwe
en
p
lace
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
tax
o
n
o
m
y
b
u
ild
er
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
ar
allel
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
PF
P)
wh
ich
in
p
u
ts
ar
e
tex
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
an
d
we
co
m
p
lete
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
q
u
er
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
q
u
er
ies.
T
h
e
th
em
atic
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
er
y
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
er
y
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
A
s
p
ec
if
ic
ty
p
e
o
f
q
u
e
r
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
7
]
,
wh
ich
ex
p
an
d
ea
ch
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
e
r
y
with
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
r
elate
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
a
m
an
u
ally
o
r
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
en
r
ich
th
e
q
u
er
y
s
o
it c
an
r
ep
r
esen
t its
in
ten
t m
o
r
e
clea
r
ly
.
T
h
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
th
e
m
atic
p
ar
t
o
f
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
q
u
e
r
y
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
Nak
ad
e
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
wh
ich
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
s
em
an
tic
q
u
e
r
y
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
th
at
r
etr
iev
e
r
elev
an
t
twee
ts
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
a
th
esau
r
u
s
(
f
r
o
m
th
esau
r
u
s
.
co
m
)
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
s
y
n
o
n
y
m
s
f
o
r
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ea
r
ch
to
p
ics
an
d
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
q
u
e
r
y
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
s
y
n
o
n
y
m
s
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
t
o
p
ics
u
s
in
g
p
a
r
en
th
esis
an
d
OR
o
p
er
ato
r
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
a
n
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
a
co
r
p
u
s
o
f
3
5
0
0
0
twee
ts
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
etr
iev
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
was im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
test
ed
u
s
in
g
a
c
o
llectio
n
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
c
r
ea
ted
d
u
r
in
g
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
llectio
n
co
n
tain
s
5
0
q
u
e
r
ies
an
d
2
5
0
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
W
e
u
s
ed
1
5
0
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
3
0
r
etr
iev
ed
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
p
er
city
f
o
r
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
b
u
ild
in
g
s
tep
,
as
we
u
s
ed
a
lis
t
o
f
th
e
5
0
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
la
r
cities.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
,
2
0
r
etr
iev
ed
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
p
er
s
u
b
m
i
t
t
e
d
q
u
e
r
y
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
e
p
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
1
0
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
1
0
a
f
t
e
r
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
2
5
0
0
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
a
l
.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
’
s
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
wer
e
r
etr
iev
ed
a
u
t
o
m
atica
lly
u
s
in
g
th
e
Go
o
g
le
w
eb
s
er
v
ices w
h
en
ev
er
th
er
e
wa
s
a
n
ee
d
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
d
o
n
e
in
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
allel
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
a
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
co
n
tex
t
b
y
f
ilter
i
n
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
o
c
u
m
en
t’
s
ter
m
s
to
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
f
o
r
wh
ich
th
e
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
is
to
b
e
c
r
ea
ted
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
also
th
e
s
te
p
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
a
s
u
b
m
itt
ed
q
u
e
r
y
(
g
eo
/
n
o
n
-
g
eo
)
a
n
d
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
an
d
th
em
atic
e
n
titi
es
g
iv
in
g
a
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
q
u
er
y
to
r
ef
o
r
m
u
late
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
r
ef
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
two
e
n
ti
ties
in
two
d
if
f
er
en
t m
a
n
n
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
2
is
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
a
d
jace
n
cy
u
s
in
g
th
e
PF
P
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ile
we
ex
p
lain
o
u
r
q
u
e
r
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
r
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
tatio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
5
d
r
a
w
s
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
5
8
6
-
2594
2588
2.
T
H
E
G
E
O
G
RAP
H
I
CAL
T
AXO
NO
M
Y
B
UI
L
DE
R
A
tax
o
n
o
m
y
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
a
m
es
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
in
a
h
ie
r
ar
ch
ical
s
y
s
tem
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
o
m
ain
[
1
9
]
b
y
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
A
tax
o
n
o
m
y
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
a
g
en
er
al
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
a
d
o
m
ain
,
an
d
ass
o
ciate
to
it
th
e
ter
m
s
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
o
m
ain
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
i
s
ely
wh
ile
m
o
v
in
g
d
o
wn
i
n
th
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
wo
r
k
,
we
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
a
u
to
m
a
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
b
u
ild
s
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
.
I
n
t
h
is
aim
,
we
ex
p
lo
it
th
e
b
est
-
r
a
n
k
ed
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
r
etr
iev
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
e
ar
ch
en
g
i
n
e
wh
en
s
u
b
m
itti
n
g
a
s
p
atial
p
ar
t
o
f
a
q
u
er
y
.
T
h
is
s
p
atial
p
a
r
t
co
n
tain
s
a
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
o
f
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
a
n
o
u
n
o
f
a
c
i
t
y
f
o
r
w
h
i
c
h
w
e
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
r
a
n
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
t
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
FP
-
g
r
o
w
t
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
q
u
er
y
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
co
n
s
id
er
s
two
t
y
p
es
o
f
s
p
atial
en
titi
es:
th
e
a
b
s
o
lu
te
an
d
th
e
r
elativ
e
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
(
ASE
an
d
R
SE)
.
T
h
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
n
am
ed
e
n
titi
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
cit
y
o
f
“L
o
n
d
o
n
”
a
r
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
n
a
m
ed
en
titi
es a
n
d
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as a
n
a
b
s
o
lu
te
s
p
atial
en
tity
(
ASE
)
.
W
h
ile
co
m
p
lex
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
as “
n
ea
r
L
o
n
d
o
n
”
a
r
e
lab
elled
as a
n
r
elativ
e
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
(
R
SE
).
2
.
1
.
T
he
FP
-
g
ro
wt
h
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
20
]
is
an
ass
o
ciatio
n
r
u
les
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
e
r
e
“FP”
is
th
e
a
cr
o
n
y
m
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
p
atter
n
.
Giv
en
as
in
p
u
t
a
d
ataset
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
o
f
t
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
t
o
co
m
p
u
te
item
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
a
n
d
id
en
tif
y
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
t
i
tem
s
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
Ap
r
i
o
r
i
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
21
,
22
]
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
aim
,
b
y
its
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
th
at
u
s
es
a
s
u
f
f
ix
tr
ee
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
ca
lled
FP
-
tr
ee
,
to
en
c
o
d
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
with
o
u
t
th
e
ex
p
licit
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
ets,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
to
g
en
er
ate.
Af
ter
th
is
s
tep
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t item
s
ets ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
FP
-
tr
e
es.
T
h
e
F
P
-
g
r
o
wth
is
a
two
p
h
as
es
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
FP
-
tr
ee
s
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
in
es
f
r
eq
u
en
t
p
atter
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
en
er
ated
FP
-
tr
ee
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
an
FP
-
tr
ee
r
eq
u
ir
es
two
s
ca
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
ed
d
atab
as
e.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ca
n
p
e
r
m
its
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
item
s
th
at
ar
e
th
e
n
s
o
r
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
in
d
e
s
ce
n
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
ew
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
ller
F
-
lis
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ca
n
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
e
FP
-
tr
ee
.
First,
wh
ile
r
e
o
r
d
er
in
g
th
e
d
atab
ase
tu
p
les
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
F
-
lis
t,
th
e
n
o
n
-
fr
eq
u
e
n
t
item
s
ar
e
r
em
o
v
ed
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ca
lcu
l
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
ev
e
r
y
item
(
1
)
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
item
s
as
th
e
item
s
f
o
r
wh
ich
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
alu
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
n
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
(
m
in
s
u
p
)
.
T
h
en
th
e
r
eo
r
d
er
e
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
in
s
er
ted
in
to
th
e
FP
-
tr
ee
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
wth
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
FP
-
tr
ee
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
s
et
o
f
item
s
A,
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
,
f
(
A)
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
A
in
a
d
atab
ase
an
d
P(A
)
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce
o
f
A
in
th
e
s
am
e
d
at
ab
ase,
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
A
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
)
:
(
)
=
(
)
=
(
)
/
(
1
)
T
h
en
,
th
e
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
alg
o
r
ith
m
tr
av
er
s
es
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
FP
-
tr
ee
b
eg
in
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
least
f
r
eq
u
en
t
item
in
F
-
lis
t.
W
h
ile
tr
av
er
s
in
g
ea
ch
n
o
d
e,
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
c
o
llects
item
s
o
n
th
e
p
at
h
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
d
e
to
th
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
th
e
tr
ee
.
T
h
ese
co
llected
item
s
co
n
s
titu
te
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
al
p
atter
n
b
ase
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
item
in
F
-
lis
t.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
al
p
atter
n
b
ase
o
f
an
item
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as
a
s
m
all
d
atab
ase
o
f
p
atter
n
s
th
at
co
-
o
c
cu
r
with
th
is
item
.
T
h
en
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
cr
ea
tes
s
m
all
FP
-
tr
ee
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
al
p
atter
n
b
ases
an
d
r
e
-
ex
ec
u
tes
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
ely
o
n
th
e
n
ew
FP
-
tr
ee
s
u
n
til
n
o
c
o
n
d
itio
n
al
p
atter
n
b
ase
ca
n
b
e
g
en
e
r
a
ted
.
Fin
all
y
,
ass
o
ciatio
n
r
u
les
to
u
s
e
in
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lted
FP
-
tr
ee
s
.
A
r
u
le
i
s
v
alid
wh
en
its
co
n
f
id
en
ce
(
2
)
ex
ce
ed
s
o
r
eq
u
als
a
f
ix
ed
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
f
id
en
ce
“
m
in
co
n
f
”.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
A
a
n
d
B
as
s
ets
o
f
item
s
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
th
at
A
ca
n
im
p
ly
B
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as
(
2
)
:
(
→
)
=
(
|
)
=
(
∪
)
/
(
)
(
2
)
2
.
2
.
T
he
pa
ra
lle
l
FP
-
g
ro
wt
h
T
h
e
p
ar
allelize
d
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
wo
r
k
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
m
ac
h
in
es
[
23
]
.
I
ts
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
task
is
d
o
n
e
in
s
u
ch
a
way
th
at
ea
ch
m
ac
h
in
e
ex
e
cu
tes
an
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
m
in
in
g
task
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
f
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
elim
in
ates
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies
b
etwe
en
m
ac
h
in
es,
an
d
th
er
eb
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
wee
n
th
em
.
Giv
en
a
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
d
atab
ase
DB
,
th
e
PF
P
alg
o
r
ith
m
’
s
s
tep
s
ar
e
as
:
-
Sh
ar
d
in
g
:
Sp
litt
in
g
DB
in
to
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
p
ar
ts
an
d
s
to
r
in
g
th
o
s
e
p
ar
ts
o
n
n
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
ac
h
in
es.
E
ac
h
r
esu
ltan
t p
ar
t is ca
lled
a
s
h
ar
d
.
-
Par
allel
co
u
n
tin
g
:
C
o
u
n
tin
g
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
alu
es
o
f
all
item
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
in
ea
ch
s
h
ar
d
.
T
h
is
s
tep
p
e
r
m
its
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
item
s
'
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
im
p
licitly
,
wh
ich
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
u
n
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
a
h
u
g
e
Data
b
a
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
s
tep
is
an
F
-
lis
t.
-
Gr
o
u
p
in
g
item
s
:
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
I
th
e
s
et
o
f
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
d
is
co
v
er
ed
,
s
p
litt
in
g
t
h
e
|
I
|
item
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
in
F
-
lis
t
in
to
Q
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
lis
t
is
ca
lled
G
-
lis
t,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
is
g
iv
en
a
u
n
iq
u
e
g
r
o
u
p
-
id
(
g
id
)
.
As
F
-
lis
t a
n
d
G
-
lis
t a
r
e
b
o
th
s
m
all,
th
is
s
tep
ca
n
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
n
o
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
f
e
w
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
Geo
g
r
a
p
h
ica
l
q
u
eries
r
efo
r
mu
la
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
p
a
r
a
llel a
s
s
o
cia
tio
n
r
u
les g
en
era
to
r
…
(
Oma
r
E
l Mid
a
o
u
i
)
2589
-
Par
allelizin
g
:
Selectin
g
g
r
o
u
p
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
o
n
wh
ich
th
e
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
ap
p
lied
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
b
u
ild
lo
ca
l FP
-
tr
ee
s
in
p
ar
allel
an
d
g
r
o
wth
t
h
eir
co
n
d
itio
n
al
FP
-
tr
ee
s
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
ely
.
-
Ag
g
r
eg
atin
g
: A
g
g
r
eg
atin
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
g
en
er
ated
in
th
e
p
ar
alle
lizin
g
s
tep
as o
u
r
f
i
n
al
r
esu
lt.
PF
P
d
is
tr
ib
u
tes
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
F
P
-
tr
ee
s
w
o
r
k
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
’
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
t
h
u
s
,
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
m
o
r
e
s
ca
lab
le
th
an
a
s
in
g
le
-
n
o
d
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
PF
P is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
lib
r
ar
y
(
Mllib
)
o
n
Sp
ar
k
a
n
d
it
tak
es
th
r
ee
p
ar
am
eter
s
:
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
r
esh
o
l
d
to
id
en
tif
y
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
item
s
ets,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
f
id
en
ce
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
r
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
h
a
r
d
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
th
e
jo
b
.
2
.
3
.
G
eo
g
ra
ph
ica
l
t
a
x
o
no
my
o
f
a
dja
ce
ncy
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
d
ata
b
ase
wh
o
s
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
an
d
item
s
ar
e
th
e
cities
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
th
at
co
n
tain
th
e
city
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
q
u
er
y
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
t
o
b
u
ild
a
s
p
a
tial
tax
o
n
o
m
y
Fig
u
r
e
1
o
f
a
d
jace
n
cy
b
ased
o
n
th
e
PF
P
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
th
at
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
al
d
atab
ase
ar
e
r
estricte
d
to
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
item
s
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
ar
e
th
e
ASEs.
Af
ter
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
PF
P a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
p
ital o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
f
o
r
w
h
ich
we
will b
u
ild
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
,
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
all
th
e
g
en
er
ated
FP
-
tr
ee
s
is
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
u
r
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
tax
o
n
o
m
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
two
-
le
v
el
tax
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
th
e
ASE
0
Valid
atio
n
s
tep
:
I
n
th
is
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
also
a
s
tep
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
ar
c
o
f
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
ea
ch
a
r
c
in
th
e
ag
g
r
eg
atin
g
s
tep
,
we
v
er
if
y
if
its
two
p
ar
ts
(
th
e
two
ASEs th
at
f
o
r
m
th
is
ar
c)
m
u
tu
ally
g
en
er
ate
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
in
th
e
FP
-
tr
ee
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
b
y
t
h
e
ex
am
p
le
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
ASE
1
in
v
o
lv
es
AS
E
0
(
ASE
1
→
ASE
0
)
an
d
ASE
0
in
v
o
lv
es
ASE
1
(
ASE
0
→
ASE
1
)
.
T
h
at
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
ese
two
a
b
s
o
lu
te
s
p
atial
en
titi
es
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
r
elate
d
.
T
h
u
s
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
clo
s
e
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ically
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
ar
c
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
two
AS
E
s
is
k
ep
t
an
d
th
is
tax
o
n
o
m
y
ev
o
lv
es
to
a
two
-
lev
el
tax
o
n
o
m
y
as
it
is
th
e
ca
s
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Oth
er
wis
e,
ASE
0
h
as
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ASE
3
(
ASE
0
→
ASE
3
)
,
b
u
t
ASE
3
d
o
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
ASE
0
(
ASE
3
↛
ASE
0
)
s
o
th
is
ar
c
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
v
alid
ated
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
th
e
d
escen
d
in
g
im
p
licatio
n
.
3.
RE
F
O
RM
UL
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
A
G
E
O
G
RAP
H
I
C
Q
UE
R
Y
U
SI
NG
A
T
A
XO
NO
M
Y
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
late
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
q
u
e
r
y
,
we
f
i
r
s
t
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
q
u
er
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
(
GI
E
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
tili
ze
s
a
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
s
em
an
tic
an
n
o
tatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
m
ar
k
e
r
s
:
f
ir
s
t,
t
h
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
p
a
tial
en
tity
is
d
etec
ted
an
d
an
n
o
ta
ted
.
T
h
en
th
e
s
p
atial
en
tity
(
SE)
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
is
ASE
an
d
a
lex
ico
n
o
f
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
.
W
h
at
r
em
ain
s
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
e
r
y
is
m
a
r
k
ed
as its
th
em
atic
en
tity
(
T
E
)
.
W
e
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
in
th
is
s
tep
.
W
e
m
a
d
e
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
in
th
e
GI
E
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
cited
b
ased
o
n
a
h
y
p
o
th
esis
.
Hy
p
o
th
esis
.
I
f
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
is
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
q
u
er
y
,
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
an
ASE
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ea
n
th
at
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
h
as
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
i
n
ten
t.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
q
u
e
r
y
c
o
n
tain
in
g
“Ge
o
r
g
e
W
ash
in
g
to
n
”.
W
e
ca
n
a
l
s
o
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
e
r
y
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
g
f
o
r
“
H
ô
t
e
l
d
e
P
a
r
i
s
”
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
t
h
e
n
o
u
n
“
P
a
r
i
s
”
i
s
t
h
e
n
a
m
e
o
f
a
h
o
t
e
l
w
h
o
s
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
i
n
T
a
n
g
i
e
r
,
M
o
n
t
e
C
a
r
l
o
o
r
Mo
n
ac
o
.
Af
ter
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
en
titi
es
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
q
u
er
y
,
we
co
n
tin
u
e
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
i
n
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
co
n
tain
e
d
i
n
th
e
s
p
atial
en
tity
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
r
y
.
T
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
a
lex
ico
n
o
f
ad
j
ac
en
cy
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
5
8
6
-
2594
2590
I
f
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
d
etec
ted
in
th
e
q
u
er
y
is
a
r
elatio
n
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
,
we
r
ef
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
s
p
atial
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
er
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
tax
o
n
o
m
y
[
12
]
,
an
d
th
e
th
em
atic
p
ar
t
u
s
in
g
a
s
em
an
tic
ex
p
an
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
.
Ou
r
q
u
er
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
h
as
b
ee
n
in
s
p
ir
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
wo
r
k
o
f
Nak
ad
e
et
a
l
.
[
18
].
L
o
g
ically
,
a
q
u
er
y
th
at
co
n
tain
s
a
r
elatio
n
o
f
ad
ja
ce
n
cy
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
in
ten
t
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
is
to
r
etr
iev
e
p
lace
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
ASE
o
f
h
is
q
u
er
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
e
lim
in
ate
th
e
en
tire
s
p
atial
en
tity
,
an
d
to
r
ep
lace
it
b
y
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ch
ild
-
n
o
d
es item
s
(
C
NI
s
)
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
r
y
’
s
ASE
in
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
t
ax
o
n
o
m
y
as
:
−
User
n
ew
q
u
er
y
=
T
E
SR
ASE
−
R
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
q
u
er
y
=
ex
p
a
n
d
ed
T
E
+
“CNI
1
”
o
r
“CNI
2
”
o
r
…
I
n
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
q
u
er
y
,
q
u
o
tes
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
th
e
d
esire
d
p
lace
a
n
d
n
o
t
s
ep
ar
at
ely
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
t
h
e
wo
r
d
s
th
at
th
e
p
lace
’
s
n
am
e
co
n
tain
s
if
th
e
ASE
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
m
an
y
te
r
m
s
(
e.
g
.
th
e
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
New
Yo
r
k
u
n
q
u
o
ted
,
ca
n
lea
d
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
e
n
g
in
e
to
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
New
an
d
Yo
r
k
as
two
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
ter
m
s
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
B
o
o
lean
o
p
e
r
at
o
r
‘
o
r
’
is
u
s
ed
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
r
etr
iev
al
r
etu
r
n
s
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
th
at
in
clu
d
e
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
"CNI
1
"
o
r
"CNI
2
"
o
r
b
o
th
o
f
th
em
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
f
o
r
all
th
e
ch
ild
-
n
o
d
es u
s
ed
to
r
ef
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
q
u
er
y.
4.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
o
ap
p
ly
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
we
u
s
ed
a
lex
ico
n
o
f
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
a
d
atab
ase
o
f
v
alid
ated
ASEs
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
eir
co
u
n
tr
ies.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
test
an
d
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
tax
o
n
o
m
y
b
u
ild
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
to
o
k
o
u
r
co
u
n
tr
y
Mo
r
o
cc
o
as a
n
ex
am
p
le.
T
h
u
s
,
to
b
e
ab
le
to
u
s
e
th
e
web
p
a
g
es
cr
ea
ted
b
y
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
t
h
em
s
elv
es
we
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
o
u
r
test
s
in
Fre
n
ch
.
“Rab
at”,
th
e
ca
p
ital
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
is
th
e
ASE
th
at
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
r
o
o
t
f
o
r
o
u
r
tax
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
e
n
g
in
e
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
s
is
Go
o
g
le
web
s
er
v
ice.
W
e
ap
p
ly
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
u
s
in
g
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
d
atab
ase
th
at
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
iter
atin
g
o
n
Mo
r
o
cc
o
’
s
ASEs
lis
t
(
a
s
elec
ted
lis
t
o
f
5
0
cities
an
d
v
illag
es
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
)
.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
ASE,
we
s
elec
ted
th
e
th
ir
ty
f
ir
s
t
web
p
ag
es
r
etr
iev
ed
wh
e
n
s
u
b
m
itti
n
g
a
r
elativ
e
s
p
atial
en
tity
co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ASE.
As
a
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t
s
tep
,
we
d
elete
d
ac
ce
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
m
atch
i
n
g
g
ab
b
et
wee
n
ASEs,
d
u
e
t
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
a
n
n
er
s
o
f
wr
it
in
g
cities’
n
am
es
b
y
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
s
wh
o
wr
o
te
th
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
co
n
ten
ts
.
B
ec
au
s
e,
we
h
av
e
n
o
ticed
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
m
is
s
-
m
atch
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
a
r
is
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
n
o
u
n
s
th
at
co
n
tain
ac
ce
n
ts
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
en
,
we
v
ar
ie
d
th
e
SR
o
f
th
e
s
p
atial
en
tit
i
es
s
u
b
m
itted
to
v
er
if
y
if
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
SR
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
T
h
e
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
t
e
s
t
s
t
e
p
ar
e
as
:
First,
th
e
f
iv
e
to
p
-
r
an
k
e
d
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
o
r
th
e
ASE
R
ab
at
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
ev
er
y
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
T
a
b
le
1
.
A
d
at
ab
ase
(
DB
)
co
n
tain
in
g
3
5
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ar
allel
FP
-
g
r
o
wth
alg
o
r
i
th
m
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
is
DB
an
d
th
en
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
r
u
les
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
b
et
wee
n
R
ab
at
an
d
ev
er
y
Mo
r
o
cc
an
A
SE
th
at
co
-
o
cc
u
r
with
it
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
.
Af
ter
th
at,
we
v
a
r
ied
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
0
.
2
to
0
.
8
with
o
u
t
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tep
,
wh
ile
w
e
f
ix
ed
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
to
0
.
6
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
L
ater
we
co
m
p
u
ted
th
e
er
r
o
r
r
a
te
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
u
les g
e
n
er
ated
in
ev
er
y
ca
s
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sp
atial
r
elatio
n
s
A
n
n
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
Tr
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
S
R
1
à
c
ô
t
é
d
e
N
e
x
t
t
o
/
b
e
s
i
d
e
S
R
2
à
l
a
p
é
r
i
p
h
é
r
i
e
d
e
i
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
i
p
h
e
r
y
o
f
S
R
3
à
p
r
o
x
i
m
i
t
é
d
e
C
l
o
se
t
o
/
t
o
t
h
e
p
e
r
i
p
h
e
r
y
o
f
S
R
4
a
u
x
a
l
e
n
t
o
u
r
s
d
e
A
r
o
u
n
d
S
R
5
a
u
x
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
s
d
e
S
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
S
R
6
l
e
s
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
s
d
e
t
h
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
S
R
7
p
r
è
s
d
e
N
e
a
r
t
o
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
r
ate
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
u
les g
en
e
r
ated
wh
ile
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
m
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
t t
h
r
esh
o
ld
an
d
t
h
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
u
s
ed
f
o
r
item
s
ets co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
ASE
“
R
ab
at
”
Er
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
r
u
l
e
s
RS
\
m
i
n
s
u
p
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
R
S
1
7
2
.
7
3
2
8
.
5
7
3
3
.
3
3
0
22
7
3
1
R
S
2
42
0
0
0
5
2
1
1
R
S
3
25
0
0
-
4
1
1
0
R
S
4
40
3
3
.
3
3
0
0
10
3
1
1
R
S
5
3
3
.
3
3
0
0
0
9
2
2
1
R
S
6
40
50
0
0
10
4
2
2
R
S
7
0
0
0
-
6
6
1
0
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I
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2
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8
8
-
8
7
0
8
Geo
g
r
a
p
h
ica
l
q
u
eries
r
efo
r
mu
la
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
p
a
r
a
llel a
s
s
o
cia
tio
n
r
u
les g
en
era
to
r
…
(
Oma
r
E
l Mid
a
o
u
i
)
2591
Fro
m
T
ab
le
2
,
we
n
o
tic
e
th
at
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
in
s
u
p
=0
.
8
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
o
es
n
o
t r
etu
r
n
an
y
r
esu
lts
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es
o
th
er
wis
e
it
g
iv
es
1
o
r
2
an
s
wer
s
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
s
u
p
=0
.
6
t
h
at
d
o
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
2
co
r
r
ec
t
an
s
wer
s
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
v
alu
e
0
.
2
it
g
e
n
er
ally
g
iv
es
a
h
ig
h
e
r
r
o
r
r
at
e
an
d
s
o
m
etim
es
r
etu
r
n
s
a
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es
u
p
to
2
2
r
esu
ltin
g
ASEs
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
R
S
1
wit
h
6
co
r
r
ec
t
ad
jace
n
t
ASEs
o
n
ly
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
f
av
o
r
e
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
eq
u
al
to
0
.
4
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
th
e
o
n
e
th
at
g
iv
es
th
e
b
est
r
atio
b
etwe
en
a
m
in
im
al
er
r
o
r
an
d
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
s
wer
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
o
f
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tatio
n
s
is
d
o
n
e
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
we
u
s
e
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tep
f
o
r
ag
g
r
eg
atin
g
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
FP
-
tr
ee
s
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
b
u
ild
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
,
b
ased
o
n
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
0
.
4
an
d
a
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
f
id
en
c
e
o
f
0
.
6.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
v
alid
atio
n
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
with
o
u
t
v
alid
atio
n
,
we
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
er
r
o
r
r
ate
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tep
,
with
th
e
ex
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
SR
4
f
o
r
wh
ich
f
r
o
m
3
r
esu
lts
in
clu
d
in
g
2
co
r
r
ec
t
ASEs,
v
alid
atio
n
h
as
elim
in
ated
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
r
ec
t
A
SEs
an
d
k
ep
t
th
e
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
o
n
e.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
SR
3
we
n
o
tice
th
at
th
e
o
n
l
y
ASE
th
at
was
r
esu
lted
with
o
u
t
v
alid
atio
n
was
elim
in
at
ed
with
th
e
s
tep
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
.
I
n
g
en
e
r
al,
we
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tep
r
ed
u
ce
s
er
r
o
r
s
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
th
e
e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
w
h
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
as
m
u
ch
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
r
esu
lts
(
elim
in
a
te
o
n
ly
th
e
er
r
o
n
e
o
u
s
ASEs
b
y
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
s
tep
)
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
two
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
o
f
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
r
u
les
(
e.
g
.
ASE
1
→ASE
2
an
d
ASE
2
→ASE
1
)
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lt
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t so
l
v
es th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
SR
3
an
d
SR
4
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
r
ate
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
r
u
les g
en
er
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
tep
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
o
r
n
o
t a
n
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
ca
s
es,
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
item
s
ets co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
ASE
“Rab
at”
with
a
m
in
s
u
p
o
f
0
.
4
S
p
a
t
i
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
Er
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
r
u
l
e
s
WV
UV
AS
WV
UV
AS
S
R
1
2
8
.
57
0
0
7
2
2
S
R
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
S
R
3
0
-
0
1
0
1
S
R
4
3
3
.
33
50
3
3
.
33
3
2
3
S
R
5
0
0
0
2
2
2
S
R
6
50
0
0
4
2
2
S
R
7
0
0
0
6
5
6
W
V
:
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
U
V
:
U
si
n
g
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
A
S
:
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
s
ev
en
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
,
we
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
SR
7
“
p
r
ès
d
e
”
wh
ich
g
iv
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
ter
esti
n
g
r
esu
lt
with
0
%
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
ix
co
r
r
ec
t
ASEs
as
ch
ild
n
o
d
es
o
f
R
ab
at’
s
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
e
also
v
ar
ied
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
an
d
n
o
ticed
th
at
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lts
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
i
x
ed
v
alu
e
0
.
6.
U
s
in
g
th
e
f
av
o
r
a
bl
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
we
c
o
n
tin
u
e
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
Mo
r
o
cc
o
’
s
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
w
ith
0
.
4
as
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
0
.
6
as
a
m
in
im
u
m
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
lin
k
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
o
n
e
-
lev
el
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
r
ab
at
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
“Pr
ès d
e
”
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
two
-
le
v
el
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
f
o
r
Mo
r
o
cc
o
Fo
r
b
u
ild
i
n
g
th
is
tax
o
n
o
m
y
,
w
e
h
ad
u
s
ed
5
0
Mo
r
o
cc
an
s
AS
E
s
an
d
we
wer
e
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
3
0
f
ir
s
t
r
etr
iev
ed
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
wh
ile
s
u
b
m
itti
n
g
ev
er
y
ASEs
with
th
e
s
elec
ted
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
u
s
,
1
5
0
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
th
is
t
est
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
0
.
4
an
d
a
m
in
im
u
m
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
t
o
f
0
.
6.
W
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
n
o
d
es
al
s
o
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
o
u
r
p
a
r
al
lel
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
to
o
k
th
e
b
aselin
e
as
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
s
o
f
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
with
two
co
r
es
o
f
2
.
3
GHz
an
d
8
G
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
th
is
test
h
as
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No
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,
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u
n
e
2
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b
ee
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n
d
u
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in
1
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6
9
s
ec
o
n
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s
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th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
d
e’
s
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
ar
e
2
co
r
es
o
f
2
.
3
GHz
an
d
1
6
G
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
,
th
e
th
ir
d
n
o
d
e
’
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
2
co
r
es
o
f
2
.
8
GHz
an
d
4
G
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
,
wh
i
le
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
n
o
d
e’
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
2
co
r
es
o
f
3
.
1
GHz
an
d
1
6
G
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
tal
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
o
u
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
wh
ile
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
ed
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
1
t
o
4
,
i
n
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
r
es,
h
as
b
ee
n
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
2
to
8
a
n
d
th
e
R
AM
ca
p
ac
ity
f
r
o
m
8
G
to
4
4
G.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
i
n
ter
m
o
f
ex
ec
u
ti
o
n
tim
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
o
u
r
p
ar
allel
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
ile
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
co
r
es.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
b
ase
lin
e,
we
h
ad
a
s
p
ee
d
u
p
o
f
3
.
1
3
wh
en
u
s
in
g
4
n
o
d
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
we
n
o
tice
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
th
at
th
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
n
o
t
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
n
o
d
es
u
s
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
e
x
p
ec
t th
at
at
s
o
m
e
lev
el
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
will st
ag
n
ate.
T
ab
le
4
.
E
x
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
(
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
o
f
t
h
e
PF
P a
lg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
a
s
p
ar
k
clu
s
ter
#
n
o
d
e
s
B
a
se
l
i
n
e
2
3
4
#
o
f
c
o
r
e
s
2
4
6
8
M
e
m
o
r
y
(
G
o
)
8
8
+
1
6
8
+
1
6
+
4
8
+
1
6
+
4
+
1
6
D
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
1
.
6
9
0
.
8
5
0
.
7
1
0
.
5
4
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
x
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
en
t
test
s
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
0
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
q
u
er
ies
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
b
m
itted
to
th
e
Go
o
g
le
s
ea
r
ch
s
er
v
ices
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
b
u
ilt
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
PF
P
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
t
h
e
s
am
e
q
u
er
ies
wh
en
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
q
u
er
y
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
(
GQE
M)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
6
]
.
W
h
ich
is
a
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
NL
P)
m
eth
o
d
th
at
m
o
d
if
y
an
d
/o
r
ex
p
a
n
d
b
o
t
h
th
e
th
e
m
atic
an
d
g
eo
s
p
atial
p
ar
ts
.
W
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
Pre
cisi
o
n
at
1
0
,
th
e
Me
a
n
A
v
er
ag
e
Pre
cisi
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
ew
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
with
th
e
two
ca
s
es
:
q
u
er
ies
with
o
u
t
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
an
d
q
u
er
ies
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
GQE
M
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
Am
d
a
h
l'
s
l
aw.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
5
we
n
o
tice
th
at
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
g
iv
es
an
in
ter
esti
n
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
q
u
er
ies
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
GQE
M
g
iv
en
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
is
q
u
ite
n
o
r
m
al,
it
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
alle
lis
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ev
al
u
ate
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
o
th
er
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
p
lace
s
,
we
co
n
d
u
ct
test
s
o
n
ci
ties
f
r
o
m
Fra
n
ce
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
p
ar
am
eter
’
s
v
al
u
es.
W
e
to
o
k
th
e
ca
p
ital
Par
is
as
a
s
tar
t.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
o
u
r
ap
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CO
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I
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ap
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we
p
r
o
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o
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ed
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n
ew
m
eth
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n
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tr
u
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ical
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ies
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ith
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e
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latin
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ical
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er
ies
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at
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tain
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s
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atial
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tity
o
f
a
d
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cy
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e
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n
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cte
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ild
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eth
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d
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y
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g
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s
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y
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c
y
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r
in
g
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
s
,
we
v
a
r
ied
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
an
d
th
e
u
s
ed
s
p
atial
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elatio
n
s
h
ip
in
o
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d
er
t
o
s
ea
r
ch
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o
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th
e
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ar
am
eter
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o
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th
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ap
p
r
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h
th
at
ex
tr
ac
t
th
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m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
item
s
ets
an
d
ass
o
ci
ati
o
n
r
u
les.
T
h
en
we
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
th
e
Mo
r
o
cc
an
tax
o
n
o
m
y
u
s
in
g
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
0
.
4
an
d
a
m
in
im
u
m
co
n
f
id
en
ce
o
f
0
.
6
an
d
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
“p
r
ès
d
e”
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
g
av
e
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lts
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
u
l
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
test
ed
o
n
5
0
q
u
er
ies,
with
a
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
in
ten
t
an
d
th
em
atic
en
titi
es
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ield
s
.
T
h
ese
q
u
er
ies
h
ad
b
ee
n
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
p
a
tial
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
.
F
in
ally
,
we
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
etr
iev
ed
b
y
th
e
Pre
cisi
o
n
at
1
0
,
th
e
m
ea
n
av
e
r
ag
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
th
e
ex
ec
u
ti
o
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
b
ased
o
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
an
d
u
s
in
g
a
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
te
r
m
s
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
ed
in
d
icato
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
,
we
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
te
d
m
eth
o
d
is
an
e
f
f
icien
t
wo
r
k
th
at
p
er
m
it
to
i
n
ter
p
r
et
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
o
f
q
u
e
r
ies
co
n
tain
in
g
a
s
p
atial
en
tity
o
f
ad
jace
n
cy
.
T
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
r
esu
lted
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
d
ata
m
in
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
an
ass
o
ciatio
n
r
u
l
es
tech
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
ata
in
a
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
m
an
n
e
r
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
is
d
ata
u
s
in
g
tax
o
n
o
m
ies
an
d
th
e
p
ar
allelis
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
in
im
is
e
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e.
As
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
,
we
in
ten
d
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
o
f
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
q
u
er
y
r
ef
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
b
ased
o
n
b
ig
d
ata
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
a
n
in
-
d
ep
th
an
aly
s
is
o
f
u
s
er
’
s
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
a
s
ea
r
ch
e
n
g
in
e
’
s
tr
ac
es.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
S
a
n
d
e
rso
n
,
a
n
d
J.
Ko
h
ler,
“
An
a
ly
z
in
g
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
q
u
e
ries
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
S
IGIR
th
e
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Ge
o
g
ra
p
h
i
c
In
fo
rm
a
t
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n
Retrie
v
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l
,
S
h
e
ffiel
d
UK
,
2
0
0
4
,
p
p
.
8
-
10
.
[2
]
D.
Jia
n
g
,
F
.
Ca
i,
H.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Lo
c
a
t
io
n
-
se
n
siti
v
e
p
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rso
n
a
li
z
e
d
q
u
e
ry
a
u
to
-
c
o
m
p
leti
o
n
,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
t
h
e
1
0
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
tell
ig
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n
t
Hu
ma
n
-
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
s (IHM
S
C)
,
Zh
e
ji
a
n
g
,
C
h
in
a
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
-
1
9
.
[3
]
A.
-
M
.
Ro
c
ío
a
n
d
L.
-
O.
Er
ick
,
“
Ge
o
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
fro
m
trav
e
l
n
a
rra
ti
v
e
s,”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
1
4
th
I
n
t
.
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic T
ra
n
sfo
rm
in
g
t
h
e
Na
t
u
re
o
f
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
He
lsi
n
k
i
Fi
n
la
n
d
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
-
3
7
3
.
[4
]
P
.
Lo
u
sta
u
,
“
In
ter
p
ré
tatio
n
a
u
to
m
a
ti
q
u
e
d
’it
i
n
é
ra
ires
d
a
n
s
d
e
s
ré
c
it
s
d
e
v
o
y
a
g
e
,
”
P
h
D
th
e
sis,
Un
i
v
e
rsité
d
e
P
a
u
e
t
d
e
s P
a
y
s d
e
l’A
d
o
u
r,
2
0
0
8
.
[5
]
D.
H.
Bo
u
a
m
o
r
,
“
E
x
trac
ti
o
n
d
e
s
c
o
n
n
a
issa
n
c
e
s
à
p
a
rti
r
d
u
Web
p
o
u
r
la
re
c
h
e
rc
h
e
d
e
s
ima
g
e
s
g
é
o
ré
fé
re
n
c
é
e
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
C
o
n
fér
e
n
c
e
e
n
Re
c
h
e
rc
h
e
d
’In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
e
t
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s (CORIA
)
,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
5
1
9
-
5
2
6
.
[6
]
D.
Bu
sc
a
ld
i
a
n
d
P
.
R
o
ss
o
,
“
Us
in
g
G
e
o
Wo
rd
Ne
t
f
o
r
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Re
tr
iev
a
l,
”
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
f
t
h
e
Cro
ss
-
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
Fo
ru
m
fo
r
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s (CL
EF
)
,
v
o
l.
5
7
0
6
,
p
p
.
8
6
3
-
8
6
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
D.
Bu
sc
a
ld
i,
“
T
o
p
o
n
y
m
a
m
b
ig
u
it
y
i
n
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
th
e
3
2
n
d
In
t
.
ACM
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[9
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1
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4
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[1
5
]
C.
F
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n
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S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
G
e
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ra
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n
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Re
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[1
6
]
M.
Ko
k
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d
E.
G
u
il
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“
A
Re
v
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PR
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[1
7
]
M.
A.
Ra
z
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R.
M
o
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N.
Ah
m
a
d
,
“
A
su
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In
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1
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.
[1
8
]
V.
Na
k
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,
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M
u
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T.
Atk
i
so
n
,
"
P
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e
(ACM
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4.
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9
]
H
.
En
g
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o
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-
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0
]
J.
Ha
n
,
J.
P
e
i,
Y.
Yin
,
“
M
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n
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g
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re
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n
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e
rn
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th
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a
n
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ra
ti
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n
:
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fre
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h
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ta
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n
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ry
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.
1
,
p
p
.
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7
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0
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4
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Al
-
M
a
o
leg
i
a
n
d
B.
Ar
k
o
k
,
“
An
imp
ro
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p
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m
f
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.
1
,
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p
.
2
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9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
H.
M
.
Na
jad
a
t,
M
.
Al
-
M
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o
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i,
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Ark
o
k
,
“
An
imp
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les
,
”
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ter
n
a
t
io
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l
Res
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a
rc
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o
u
rn
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l
o
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ter
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e
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n
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n
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o
.
1
,
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p
.
0
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8
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1
3
.
[2
3
]
L.
De
n
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n
d
Y.
L
o
u
,
“
Im
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ro
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e
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n
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o
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F
P
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istri
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ter
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g
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ta
(C
CBD’2
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1
5
)
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i,
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0
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5
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p
.
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0
5
-
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0
8
.
[2
4
]
C.
S
a
ll
a
b
e
rry
,
M
.
Ba
z
iz,
J.
Les
b
e
g
u
e
ries
,
M
.
G
a
io
,
“
Un
e
a
p
p
r
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e
d
'
e
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trac
ti
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t
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h
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e
d
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ti
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n
sp
a
ti
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le
d
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n
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les
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ts
tex
tu
e
ls
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a
lu
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ti
o
n
,
”
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c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
Co
n
fér
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n
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e
e
n
Rec
h
e
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h
e
d
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fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
e
t
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (CORIA
)
,
S
a
in
t
-
E
ti
e
n
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e
F
ra
n
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e
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
64
.
[2
5
]
O.
El
M
i
d
a
o
u
i,
B.
El
G
h
a
li
,
A.
El
Qa
d
i,
M
.
D.
Ra
h
m
a
n
i
,
“
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
Qu
e
ry
re
fo
rm
u
latio
n
u
sin
g
a
G
e
o
g
ra
p
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ica
l
Tax
o
n
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m
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a
n
d
W
o
rd
Ne
t,
”
Pro
c
e
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C
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S
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e
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1
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7
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p
.
4
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9
-
4
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8
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1
8
.
[2
6
]
P
e
re
a
-
Orte
g
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ap
p
l
y
in
g
N
LP
tec
h
n
iq
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e
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r
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u
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ry
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ti
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e
v
a
l
wit
h
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
re
fe
r
e
n
c
e
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
2
Pa
c
if
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-
Asi
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fer
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e
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Eme
rg
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T
re
n
d
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n
K
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wle
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1
2
,
p
p
.
5
7
-
69
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
El
Mi
d
a
o
u
i
O
m
a
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
F
re
n
c
h
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
d
i
p
lo
m
a
i
n
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
in
2
0
0
5
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
i
n
2
0
0
9
fr
o
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
o
f
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
i
n
Ra
b
a
t
(M
o
r
o
c
c
o
).
O
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
a
st
e
r
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
a
p
p
li
e
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
c
ien
c
e
in
2
0
1
1
fro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
p
re
p
a
ri
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
i
n
th
e
Lab
o
ra
to
r
y
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
in
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(LRIT
)
,
a
n
d
h
e
wo
rk
s
a
s
a
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
tea
c
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
“
EM
S
I
”
in
Ra
b
a
t.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
ter
e
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
:
Da
ta
M
in
i
n
g
,
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l
,
so
ftwa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Bi
g
Da
ta.
El
G
h
a
li
Btih
a
l
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
F
r
e
n
c
h
h
ig
h
sc
h
o
o
l
d
i
p
lo
m
a
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
in
2
0
0
6
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
i
n
2
0
0
9
fr
o
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
o
f
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
Ra
b
a
t
(M
o
r
o
c
c
o
).
O
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
a
p
p
li
e
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
in
2
0
1
1
fro
m
t
h
e
sa
m
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
.
Th
e
n
h
e
r
P
h
.
D i
n
Ju
l
y
2
0
1
6
.
Is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
a
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
i
n
Ra
b
a
t.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
:
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
M
i
n
in
g
,
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l
,
Big
Da
ta an
d
Bu
si
n
e
ss
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
.
El
Q
a
d
i
Abd
e
r
r
a
h
im
is
c
u
rre
n
t
l
y
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
S
a
le,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
Un
i
v
e
rsity
in
Ra
b
a
t,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
fro
m
th
e
fa
c
u
lt
y
o
f
sc
ien
c
e
s,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
Ra
b
a
t,
i
n
Ju
ly
2
0
0
2
.
In
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
0
,
h
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
HD
R
fr
o
m
th
e
sa
m
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
,
in
th
e
s
u
b
jec
t:
“
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Re
tri
e
v
a
l
a
n
d
Q
u
e
ry
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
i
n
Da
ta
wa
re
h
o
u
se
”
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
:
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
,
tex
t
m
in
i
n
g
,
we
b
u
sa
g
e
m
in
in
g
,
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l,
q
u
e
r
y
e
x
p
a
n
si
o
n
,
q
u
e
r
y
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
se
m
a
n
ti
c
we
b
,
d
a
ta i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
S
QL
q
u
e
r
y
Op
t
i
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Big
Da
ta
.
Mo
u
l
a
y
Dr
iss
Ra
h
m
a
n
i
is
F
u
ll
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
i
n
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V
Un
iv
e
rsity
i
n
Ra
b
a
t
(M
o
ro
c
c
o
)
wh
e
re
h
e
wa
s
He
a
d
o
f
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
u
n
ti
l
2
0
1
5
.
He
h
a
s
o
v
e
r
2
5
y
e
a
rs
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
(Co
n
c
u
rre
n
t
p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
in
g
i
n
Ja
v
a
a
n
d
S
c
a
la,
G
ra
p
h
ic
Us
e
r
In
terfa
c
e
,
Co
m
p
il
a
ti
o
n
,
XML
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
).
His
a
re
a
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
B
u
sin
e
ss
P
ro
c
e
ss
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
,
Urb
a
n
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
W
i
re
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
r
k
,
Ca
r
-
f
o
ll
o
win
g
m
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
,
S
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
.
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