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u
k
an
n
a
n
a
n
d
T
.
Ven
g
ate
s
h
p
r
o
v
id
ed
an
u
n
p
r
ej
u
d
iced
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
an
al
y
s
is
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
tack
s
(
I
P
v
4
an
d
I
P
v
6
)
,
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
h
o
w
it
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
n
id
en
tical
s
e
tti
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
y
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
o
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
I
P
v
er
s
io
n
a
n
d
tr
af
f
ic
t
y
p
e,
b
u
t
also
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
t
h
e
O
S.
T
h
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t p
r
o
v
ed
b
e
y
o
n
d
an
y
d
o
u
b
t t
h
at
t
h
e
I
P
v
6
is
n
o
t
y
et
a
m
at
u
r
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
;
th
u
s
,
in
m
a
n
y
c
ases
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
I
P
v
6
p
r
o
v
ed
to
b
e
w
o
r
s
e
th
an
I
P
v
4
,
en
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
o
v
er
h
e
ad
th
at
i
s
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
it
s
ex
p
ec
ted
th
eo
r
et
ical
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t
[
6
].
J
.
Am
u
th
a
,
et
al
,
.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
I
n
teg
r
ated
Secu
r
e
A
r
ch
i
tectu
r
e
f
o
r
I
P
v
4
/I
P
v
6
A
d
d
r
ess
T
r
an
s
latio
n
b
et
wee
n
I
P
v
4
an
d
I
P
v
6
Net
w
o
r
k
s
,
w
it
h
a
n
I
P
v
4
/I
P
v
6
-
E
n
ab
led
Gate
w
a
y
T
r
an
s
lato
r
(
I
P4
6
E
G
T
)
;
an
d
th
at
is
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
attain
M
A
C
-
lev
el,
VP
N
-
I
P
Se
c
an
d
C
er
ti
f
i
ca
te
lev
el
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
I
n
th
is
r
e
g
ar
d
,
th
e
y
e
v
al
u
ated
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
tab
u
lated
th
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
r
es
u
lts
.
T
h
is
n
e
w
l
y
s
u
g
g
ested
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
d
ata
in
te
g
r
it
y
,
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
an
d
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
,
h
e
n
ce
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
d
es
tin
a
tio
n
[
7
].
W
ith
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
te
x
t,
Yu
n
es
A
b
d
u
s
s
ala
m
Am
g
a
h
d
a
n
d
R
ag
h
a
v
Yad
a
v
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
d
et
ailed
s
t
u
d
y
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tate
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
ar
t
Mo
b
il
e
I
P
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
Mo
b
ile
I
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fir
s
t,
th
e
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
r
o
u
tin
g
an
d
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
;
th
e
n
,
th
e
y
an
a
l
y
ze
d
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
b
y
ca
teg
o
r
izin
g
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
o
n
r
o
u
te
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
d
u
r
in
g
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
.
A
f
ter
t
h
at,
t
h
e
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
f
o
r
th
e
k
e
y
co
n
ce
p
t,
u
s
ed
m
etr
ics,
a
n
d
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
an
d
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
ea
ch
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
[
8
].
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
W
alaa
F.
E
ls
ad
ek
an
d
Mik
h
ail
N.
M
ik
h
ail
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
P
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ch
alle
n
g
es
b
ef
o
r
e
g
lo
b
al
m
o
b
ilit
y
in
r
ea
l
4
G
L
T
E
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
as
al
w
a
y
s
b
ee
n
attr
ac
ted
b
y
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
e
f
in
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
(
S
DN)
w
it
h
i
ts
lo
g
ical
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e;
an
d
th
at
is
in
o
r
d
er
to
af
f
ec
t
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
d
u
r
in
g
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
m
o
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
o
m
e
SDN
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
s
u
g
g
es
t
e
d
s
ev
er
al
attr
ac
tiv
e
id
ea
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
r
ea
l
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
w
it
h
s
ea
m
les
s
ex
p
an
s
io
n
cr
o
s
s
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
;
w
h
ile
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
ad
f
ea
r
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
i
n
g
le
p
o
in
t
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
v
er
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
c
h
allen
g
e
s
in
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
o
f
f
er
n
o
n
-
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
[
9
].
A
.
E
la
k
k
i
y
a
an
d
P
.
Selv
ar
aj
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
n
e
w
SDN
-
b
as
ed
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
L
T
E
p
a
ck
et
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
Qo
S
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
y
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
Qo
S
-
b
ased
I
P
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
it
h
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
h
an
d
li
n
g
th
e
ap
p
licati
on
-
ce
n
tr
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
Qo
S
-
b
ased
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
m
ea
n
t
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lev
e
l
o
f
q
u
alit
y
f
o
r
th
e
o
n
-
g
o
in
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
th
e
p
o
licies
en
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
I
P
h
an
d
o
v
er
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
m
a
y
n
o
t
ab
le
to
f
u
lf
i
ll
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
r
th
e
s
ev
er
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
i
n
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
m
a
n
n
er
,
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
SDN
i
n
L
T
E
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
en
ab
led
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
u
t
m
o
s
t f
lex
ib
ilit
y
i
n
lo
w
er
co
s
t [
1
0
].
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e,
th
i
s
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
il
l
m
o
d
i
f
y
o
n
t
h
e
w
ea
k
n
ess
p
o
in
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
Mo
b
ile
I
P
v
6
,
Mo
b
ile
I
P
v
4
an
d
I
P
v
6
-
MP
L
S
s
ch
e
m
es
o
n
th
e
co
r
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
4
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
w
o
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
I
P
tr
af
f
ic
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
ch
e
m
es
t
h
e
I
P
v
6
-
MP
L
S
a
n
d
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
b
ased
t
h
e
4
.
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
th
i
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
ap
er
ai
m
s
to
ad
d
n
e
w
id
ea
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
(
I
)
Th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t:
Usu
all
y
,
a
h
i
g
h
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
d
r
o
p
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
u
lt
i
m
ed
ia
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
lead
in
g
to
t
h
e
lo
w
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
d
ata;
n
o
n
et
h
eles
s
,
h
ig
h
e
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
ates
co
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
b
ased
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
(
I
I
)
De
la
y
R
ed
u
ctio
n
:
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
h
ig
h
er
d
ela
y
r
a
n
g
e
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
p
r
esen
t
at
all
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
n
o
n
e
th
eles
s
,
th
e
d
ela
y
r
ates
co
u
ld
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
u
n
d
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
v
er
ag
e
an
d
m
o
b
il
it
y
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
o
v
er
L
T
E
-
A
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
(
I
I
I
)
I
n
crea
s
in
g
C
o
ve
r
a
g
e
A
r
ea
:
W
e
ca
n
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
d
ela
y
is
s
u
e
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
th
a
t
e
n
ab
les
u
s
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
a
n
y
w
h
er
e
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
(
I
V
)
B
a
n
d
w
id
th
:
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
th
l
i
m
it
atio
n
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
m
u
lt
i
m
ed
ia
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S b
ased
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
at
is
to
s
a
y
,
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
Qo
S p
ar
am
eter
s
,
a
s
w
el
l a
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
ac
ce
s
s
,
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
er
r
ates
o
f
SN
R
a
n
d
lo
w
er
r
at
es
o
f
B
E
R
co
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
,
t
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ap
er
s
u
g
g
est
s
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
ev
alu
ati
n
g
t
h
e
Qo
S
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
;
an
d
t
h
at
i
s
b
y
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
I
P
v
6
-
lab
elin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b
ey
o
n
d
5
G
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
eNB
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
n
o
al
l
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
ad
d
r
ess
ed
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
es
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
o
b
ile
I
P
v
6
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
n
th
e
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
at
is
to
s
a
y
,
in
t
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ap
er
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
tu
d
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
MiP
V6
s
ch
e
m
e,
I
P
v
6
-
MP
L
S
s
c
h
e
m
e
an
d
th
e
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
s
c
h
e
m
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
a
p
id
ly
I
P
v
6
mu
ltimed
ia
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t sch
eme
s
b
a
s
ed
LT
E
-
A
w
ir
eles
s
n
etw
o
r
k
s
(
A
b
ee
r
T
w
a
ko
l Kh
a
lil
)
3079
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ca
s
es.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
i
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
esear
c
h
i
s
to
a
n
al
y
ze
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiate
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
r
esu
l
tin
g
i
n
t
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
ac
k
e
t
lo
s
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
as
w
e
ll
as
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
P
v
6
-
GM
P
L
S
s
ch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
:
s
ec
tio
n
2
w
h
ich
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
an
d
th
e
Q
o
S
m
atr
ic
s
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
en
s
ec
tio
n
3
w
h
ic
h
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
s
r
esu
l
ts
an
d
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
es
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
r
es
ea
r
ch
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
m
ar
k
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
o
bil
e
I
P
v
6
MI
P
v
6
p
er
m
it
s
p
ath
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
th
a
t
allo
w
s
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
n
o
d
e
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
il
e
n
o
d
es
af
ter
s
e
n
d
i
n
g
i
ts
f
ir
s
t
p
ac
k
et;
i.e
.
w
h
i
ls
t
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
No
d
e
(
C
N)
tr
an
s
m
its
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
m
o
b
ile
No
d
e
(
MN
)
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
i
le
I
P
v
6
p
ac
k
et
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
co
u
ld
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
ag
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
MN
t
h
at
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
it to
th
e
o
v
er
s
ea
s
ag
e
n
t
s
er
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
M
N
at
th
is
ac
t
u
al
ti
m
e
[
11
-
17
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mo
b
ile
I
P
v
6
h
ea
d
er
2
.
2
.
M
P
L
S
No
t
lik
e
t
h
e
I
P
p
r
o
to
co
l,
MP
L
S
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
r
o
u
t
in
g
s
ea
r
c
h
es
an
d
g
et
s
r
id
o
f
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
h
av
e
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
n
ev
er
y
r
o
u
ter
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
aid
o
f
as
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
lab
el
to
e
v
er
y
p
ac
k
et,
it
's
f
ar
f
ea
s
ib
le
to
k
ee
p
th
e
s
i
m
p
licit
y
o
f
an
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
a
n
d
ad
d
itio
n
a
ll
y
to
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
ts
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
Mu
lti
-
pr
o
to
co
l
l
ab
el
s
w
itc
h
in
g
(
MP
L
S)
is
a
g
e
n
er
atio
n
f
o
r
i
n
te
g
r
atin
g
t
h
e
d
is
t
i
n
cti
v
e
s
o
r
ts
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
clu
d
in
g
n
et
te
x
t
u
al
co
n
ten
t,
a
u
d
io
(
v
o
ice)
,
v
id
eo
an
d
m
a
n
y
o
th
er
s
.
f
r
o
m
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ass
e
ts
,
e.
g
.
,
E
t
h
er
n
e
t,
W
L
A
Ns
a
n
d
A
T
M;
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
o
th
er
p
h
r
ase
s
,
it
lets
i
n
th
e
MP
L
S
tr
ac
es
to
ex
te
n
d
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
ab
ilit
ie
s
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
(
in
lin
e
w
it
h
o
p
en
s
y
s
te
m
I
n
te
r
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
(
OSI
)
m
o
d
el)
[
18
-
22
]
,
e.
g
.
,
A
s
y
n
h
cr
o
u
n
s
tr
an
s
f
e
r
m
o
d
e
(
A
T
M
)
an
d
f
r
a
m
e
R
e
la
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
en
tl
y
,
MP
L
S
tr
af
f
ic
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
v
e
r
y
v
ita
l
f
o
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
s
er
v
ice
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
ty
p
icall
y
in
ter
n
et
p
r
o
v
id
er
c
o
m
p
an
ies
(
I
SP
s
)
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
ac
k
b
o
n
e
o
r
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
av
e
to
ass
is
t
an
to
b
e
h
ad
h
ig
h
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
u
s
a
g
es,
s
o
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
v
er
y
s
tab
le,
r
eliab
le
an
d
ex
ce
lle
n
t
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Q
o
S)
ass
u
r
ed
w
h
er
ei
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
ab
le
to
r
esis
t
co
n
v
er
s
a
tio
n
li
n
k
o
r
n
o
d
e
d
is
aster
s
.
Qo
S
m
a
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
l
y
h
av
e
m
an
y
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
r
ts
o
f
m
ea
n
i
n
g
s
i
n
ev
er
y
ap
p
licatio
n
,
as
a
n
ex
a
m
p
le
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
a
y
b
e
p
u
t
o
f
f
a
w
ar
e
(
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
u
s
a
g
e
s
)
,
b
it
r
ate
-
a
w
a
r
e
an
d
s
o
f
o
r
th
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
il
s
t
a
L
ab
el
s
w
i
tch
in
g
r
o
u
ter
(
L
S
R
)
g
ets
a
p
ac
k
et,
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
n
e
o
r
ex
tr
a
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
:
(
I
)
p
u
s
h
:
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
lab
el.
T
h
at
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
aid
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
g
r
ess
r
o
u
ter
.
A
d
d
itio
n
a
ll
y
,
(
I
I
)
s
w
a
p
p
in
g
:
R
ep
lace
s
a
lab
el.
T
h
at
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
d
o
n
e
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
L
S
R
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
g
r
e
s
s
a
n
d
eg
r
es
s
r
o
u
ter
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
(III)
p
op
:
elim
i
n
ate
s
a
lab
el.
T
h
at
is
m
o
s
t
u
s
u
a
ll
y
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
aid
o
f
th
e
e
g
r
es
s
r
o
u
ter
.
T
h
is
d
iag
r
a
m
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
a
n
ea
s
y
MP
L
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
o
r
k
s
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
[2
3
-
27
].
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
MP
L
S
lab
el
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
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ce
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s
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t
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ata
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h
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m
e
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t
h
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les
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v
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h
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f
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ased
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o
f
t
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h
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o
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m
atio
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al
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s
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ac
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h
is
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m
its
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t
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m
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m
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n
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ata
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h
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h
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n
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ata
[
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-
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0
].
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.
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40
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