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ch
ap
t
er
2
w
e p
r
es
en
t
ed
a s
t
u
d
y
o
f
r
o
u
t
i
ng
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
e
m
ph
a
s
i
z
i
n
g
on
A
O
D
V
pr
ot
oc
ol
a
n
d D
S
R
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
i
n
d
et
ai
l
.
I
n
ch
ap
t
er
3
w
e d
i
s
c
u
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ac
k
i
n
M
A
N
E
T
s
i
n
d
et
ai
l
s
.
I
n
ch
ap
t
er
4
w
e d
i
s
c
u
s
s
ed
h
o
w
b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ack
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
t
o
m
i
s
b
eh
a
v
e a
n
d
al
s
o
d
es
cr
i
b
ed
h
o
w
t
h
e
n
e
w
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
s
u
ppor
t
i
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
a
r
e
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
t
e
d i
n
N
S
-
2
.
3
5
.
C
h
ap
t
er
5
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
s
t
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
et
r
i
cs
,
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ack
i
n
A
O
D
V
a
n
d
D
S
R
a
n
d
F
i
n
al
l
y
i
n
C
h
ap
t
er
6
w
e d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
f
u
t
u
r
e r
es
ear
ch
d
i
r
ect
i
o
n
s
an
d
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
o
u
r
w
o
r
k.
2.
D
IF
F
ER
EN
T
M
ANE
T
R
O
U
TIN
G
P
R
OT
OC
OL
S
A
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
M
A
N
E
T
s
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
a
l f
u
n
c
tio
n
a
litie
s
,
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
[
1
-
2
]
ar
e d
i
v
i
d
ed
i
n
t
o
t
h
r
ee
c
a
t
e
g
or
i
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g pr
ot
oc
ol
s
,
pr
oa
c
t
i
v
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
a
n
d hy
br
i
d r
out
i
ng
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
we
r
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
o
f
t
he
M
A
N
E
T
r
o
ut
i
ng p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
i
s
r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
M
an
et
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
2.
1.
R
e
ac
t
i
ve
p
r
o
t
oc
ol
s
R
eact
i
v
e p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
ar
e w
el
l
r
e
co
g
n
i
zed
as
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
.
T
h
ey
ar
e k
n
o
w
n
as
s
u
c
h
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
b
ecau
s
e o
f
t
h
e co
n
c
ep
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
n
e
v
er
b
eg
i
n
r
o
u
t
e d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ces
s
b
y
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es
,
u
n
t
i
l
t
h
e
y
ar
e
as
k
ed
f
o
r
i
t
i
.
e
t
h
e
s
e t
y
p
es
o
f
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
ar
e f
r
a
m
e
d
u
p t
h
e
r
ou
t
e
s
w
he
n de
m
a
n
de
d [
3]
.
W
h
e
n
a
s
ou
r
c
e
n
ode
ne
e
d
s
t
o
s
t
a
r
t
a
c
o
nve
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h a
no
t
he
r
no
d
e
w
i
t
h
i
n t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k a
nd
ha
vi
n
g no
r
o
ut
e
t
o
t
ha
t
no
d
e
,
t
he
n i
t
r
eq
u
es
t
s
f
o
r
a r
o
u
t
e t
o
es
t
ab
l
i
s
h
an
d
a r
o
u
t
e d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ces
s
i
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e p
r
o
t
o
co
l
on
de
m
a
n
d.
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
ou
t
i
n
g
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
us
e
t
h
e
f
l
oodi
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
t
o
s
pr
e
a
d t
h
e
r
ou
t
e
r
e
qu
e
s
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
du
r
i
n
g
r
out
e
di
s
c
ov
e
r
y
.
N
o ba
n
d
w
i
dt
h
i
s
c
on
s
um
e
d f
or
s
e
n
di
ng
t
h
e
r
ou
t
i
n
g
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
ba
n
d
w
i
dt
h
i
s
c
on
s
um
e
d
du
r
i
ng
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
of
da
t
a
b
y
n
ode
.
2.
1.
1.
AO
DV
2.
1.
1.
1.
B
as
i
c
s
A
O
D
V
i
s
e
x
pl
a
i
n
e
d
i
n R
F
C
3561 [
4]
.
A
s
i
t
i
s
a
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
out
i
ng
pr
ot
oc
ol
,
w
h
e
n
i
t
pos
s
e
s
s
e
s
n
o r
ou
t
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
a
n
d a
s
o
u
r
c
e
n
ode
i
s
de
s
i
r
e
s
t
o be
g
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
o a
ny
ot
h
e
r
n
ode
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
obi
l
e
ne
t
w
o
r
k
t
he
n
A
O
D
V
u
s
e
s
t
he
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
f
f
l
oodi
ng
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
f
or
f
i
n
di
ng
a
r
ou
t
e
t
o t
h
e
r
e
qui
r
e
d
no
d
e
w
i
t
hi
n
t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k.
I
n
A
O
D
V
,
t
he
s
o
ur
c
e
r
o
ut
i
n
g o
p
t
i
o
n i
s
no
t
us
e
d
.
W
he
n
t
he
s
e
nd
e
r
no
d
e
w
a
nt
s
t
o
tr
a
n
s
m
it
th
e
p
a
c
k
e
t,
it e
x
a
m
i
n
e
s
its
r
o
u
ti
n
g
ta
b
le
a
n
d
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
f
o
r
t
he
ne
xt
i
nt
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
ho
p
t
o
t
he
d
e
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n t
he
n s
e
nd
s
t
he
p
a
c
ke
t
a
nd
s
o
o
n.
C
o
nt
r
o
l
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
i
n
A
O
D
V
b
r
o
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d
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y
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s
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e
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yp
e
s
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s
ex
p
l
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b
el
o
w
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
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In
t
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&
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2
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3102
3094
a.
R
o
u
t
e R
eq
u
es
t
Mes
s
a
g
e (
R
R
E
Q
)
:
I
n
i
t
i
al
l
y
w
h
e
n
n
o
p
at
h
i
s
av
ai
l
ab
l
e f
r
o
m
a s
o
u
r
ce n
o
d
e t
o
d
es
t
i
n
at
i
on
no
d
e
,
t
he
n
t
he
s
o
ur
c
e
no
d
e
f
l
o
o
d
s
t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h R
R
E
Q
s
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
us
i
n
g e
xp
a
nd
a
b
l
e
r
i
ng t
e
c
h
ni
q
ue
.
E
ach
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
ag
e
h
ead
er
m
ai
n
t
ai
n
s
a t
i
m
e t
o
l
i
v
e (
T
T
L
)
f
i
el
d
t
h
at
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
e ex
p
an
d
ab
l
e r
i
n
g
b
y
l
i
m
i
t
i
ng
on
t
h
e
num
be
r
h
ops
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
s
h
ou
l
d be
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
e
d
.
RRE
Q
I
D
i
s a
f
i
e
l
d
i
n
RRE
Q
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
w
h
i
c
h i
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
uni
q
ue
i
d
e
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
R
R
E
Q
p
a
c
ke
t
s
i
n c
o
nj
unc
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h s
o
ur
c
e
I
P
a
d
dr
e
s
s
.
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
ag
e al
s
o
co
n
t
ai
n
s
o
t
h
er
f
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d
s
l
i
k
e d
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t
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n
at
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o
n
I
P
ad
d
r
es
s
,
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce an
d
d
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tin
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ti
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n
g
w
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t
h
t
he
va
r
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o
us
c
o
nt
r
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l
f
l
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gs
.
T
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s
e
q
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e
nc
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u
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e
r
r
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nt
s
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ne
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o
f
t
he
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
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e
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an
d
t
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e h
o
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t
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ep
r
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en
t
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e n
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m
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o
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o
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a
t
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f
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o
m
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r
ce t
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at
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o
n
.
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ac
h
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t
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m
e
d
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at
e
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o
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w
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n
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v
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a
R
R
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,
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t
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e b
y
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e a
n
d
r
eb
r
o
ad
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t
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t
h
e p
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et
ag
a
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a f
r
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h
er
r
o
u
t
e t
o
t
h
e d
es
t
i
n
at
i
o
n
.
b.
R
o
u
t
e
R
ep
l
y
M
es
s
ag
e
(
R
R
E
P
)
:
O
n
r
ecei
v
i
n
g
a
R
R
E
Q
,
a
n
y
i
n
t
er
m
ed
i
at
e
n
o
d
e t
h
at
h
a
v
e a
f
r
es
h
er
r
o
u
t
e
t
o
t
he
d
e
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n
no
d
e
o
r
t
he
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
its
e
lf
i
n
itia
te
s
a
R
R
E
P
a
n
d
u
n
ic
a
s
ts
to
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
s
o
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r
c
e
n
o
d
e
o
r
t
h
e o
r
i
g
i
n
at
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
.
E
ach
R
R
E
P
p
ack
et
co
n
t
ai
n
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
i
el
d
s
l
i
k
e I
P
ad
d
r
es
s
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce a
n
d
d
es
t
i
n
at
i
o
n
,
d
es
t
i
n
at
i
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
r
o
u
t
e l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e
an
d
t
h
e
h
o
p
co
u
n
t
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h t
he
va
r
i
o
us
co
n
t
r
o
l
f
l
ag
s
.
W
h
en
a R
R
E
P
r
each
es
an
i
n
t
er
m
ed
i
at
e n
o
d
e,
i
t
s
h
o
p
co
u
n
t
f
i
el
d
v
al
u
e i
s
i
n
cr
e
m
en
t
ed
an
d
re
-
f
or
w
a
r
de
d
t
o
w
a
r
ds
t
h
e
or
i
g
i
n
a
t
i
ng
n
ode
f
ol
l
o
w
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n
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t
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t
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t
a
bl
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s
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d
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D
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a.
B
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s:
D
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[
5
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i
s
a r
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v
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p
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u
r
e,
a
nd
i
f
i
t
ha
p
p
e
ns
t
he
n t
he
s
o
ur
c
e
no
d
e
r
e
-
co
n
d
u
ct
s
t
h
e r
o
u
t
e
d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ces
s
.
2.
2.
P
r
oac
t
i
ve
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
P
r
o
act
i
v
e r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
a
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
w
a
y
in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
r
e
a
c
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
a
r
e
ta
b
le
d
r
iv
e
n
in
n
a
tu
r
e
[
7
]
a
n
d
e
a
c
h
n
o
d
e
m
a
in
ta
in
s
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
w
h
o
le
ne
t
w
o
r
k.
A
n
y
c
ha
nge
i
n t
he
n
e
t
w
o
r
k t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y i
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
out
i
ng
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
t
a
bl
e
c
on
t
a
i
n
e
d b
y
e
a
c
h
n
ode
a
n
d h
e
n
c
e
kn
o
w
s
a
bou
t
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
n
ode
s
i
n
pr
og
r
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
ou
t
i
n
g
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
c
ons
t
r
u
c
t
e
d a
t
n
ode
s
b
y
e
xc
ha
n
ge
o
f
c
o
n
ne
c
t
i
vi
t
y i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
us
i
n
g H
E
L
L
O
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
a
nd
ne
i
g
hb
o
r
ho
o
d
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
us
i
n
g T
C
me
s
s
a
g
e
s
.
O
pt
i
m
i
z
e
d L
i
n
k
S
t
a
t
e
R
ou
t
i
ng
(
O
L
S
R
)
[
8]
i
s
on
e
of
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
pl
e
of
pr
oa
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
pr
ot
oc
ol
.
2.
3.
H
yb
r
i
d
P
r
ot
oc
ol
s
I
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
os
,
r
e
a
c
t
i
ve
a
n
d pr
oa
c
t
i
v
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
w
or
k t
h
e
i
r
be
s
t
.
A
m
i
x
o
f
bot
h t
h
e
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
,
n
a
m
e
d a
s
hy
br
i
d r
ou
t
i
n
g
pr
ot
oc
ol
pr
o
pos
e
t
o m
a
ke
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
pr
oa
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
i
n
s
o
m
e
a
r
e
a
s
a
nd
r
e
a
c
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
s
t o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
e
n
tir
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
is
p
a
r
titio
n
e
d
i
n
to
s
m
a
ll d
o
m
a
in
s
c
a
lle
d
z
o
n
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
act
i
v
e r
o
u
t
i
n
g
i
s
u
s
ed
w
i
t
h
i
n
each
zo
n
e d
ecr
eas
i
n
g
t
h
e co
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
er
h
ea
ds
a
n
d de
l
a
y
s
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
av
ai
l
ab
l
e i
n
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
t
ab
l
e.
R
eact
i
v
e r
o
u
t
i
n
g
i
s
u
s
ed
t
o
r
o
u
t
e p
ack
e
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
zo
n
es
d
u
e t
o
i
t
s
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
w
i
t
h b
a
nd
w
i
d
t
h i
n
c
o
ns
t
a
nt
l
y
c
ha
ng
i
n
g ne
t
w
o
r
k.
Z
o
ne
R
o
ut
i
ng P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
(
Z
R
P
)
[
9
]
i
s
o
ne
o
f
t
he
ex
a
m
p
l
e o
f
hy
br
i
d r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
o
t
oc
ol
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
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8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
18
:
309
2
-
3102
3096
3.
B
L
ACK
HOL
E
A
T
T
ACK
I
N
M
ANE
T
I
n
b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ack
a
t
t
ack
er
n
o
d
es
ex
p
l
o
i
t
t
h
e
v
u
l
n
er
ab
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
r
o
u
t
e d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
an
d
i
n
j
ect
f
al
s
e r
o
u
t
e t
o
t
h
e d
es
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
.
O
n
r
ecei
v
i
n
g
a
R
R
E
R
m
es
s
ag
e i
n
t
er
m
e
d
i
at
e at
t
ack
er
n
ode
s
en
d
s
a
R
R
E
P
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
er
d
es
t
i
n
at
i
o
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
m
es
s
a
g
e r
ecei
v
ed
cl
ai
m
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n.
W
he
n a
n a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
c
ho
o
s
e
s
t
he
c
o
nc
e
p
t
o
f
r
u
s
hi
ng a
l
o
ng
w
i
t
h
hi
g
h p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
o
n t
o
m
a
ke
th
is
a
tta
c
k
.
I
t i
s
q
u
ite
i
m
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
to
f
in
d
o
ut
a
r
o
u
t
e
no
t
p
a
s
s
i
ng
t
hr
o
u
g
h t
he
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
no
d
e
.
O
nc
e
t
he
no
d
e
ch
o
s
en
as
a
n
i
n
t
er
m
ed
i
at
e n
o
d
e o
r
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
p
ar
t
o
f
r
o
u
t
es
i
n
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
s
t
ar
t
s
m
i
s
u
s
i
n
g
o
r
d
i
s
car
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
r
af
f
i
c b
ei
n
g
r
o
u
t
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
cr
eat
i
n
g
a b
l
ack
h
o
l
e.
T
h
i
s
at
t
ack
can
b
e s
e
v
er
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e at
t
ack
er
b
eco
m
es
t
h
e
pa
r
t
of
m
or
e
num
be
r
of
r
ou
t
e
s
.
3
.1
.
T
yp
e
s
of
B
l
ac
k
h
ol
e
A
t
t
ac
k
B
as
i
cal
l
y
,
b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ack
ca
n
b
e cat
eg
o
r
i
zed
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
as
:
a.
S
in
g
le
B
la
c
k
h
o
le
A
tta
c
k
b.
C
o
o
p
er
at
i
v
e B
l
ack
h
o
l
e
A
t
t
ac
k
3.
1.
1.
S
i
n
gl
e
B
l
ac
k
h
ol
e
A
t
t
ac
k
I
n s
i
ngl
e
b
l
ac
k
h
o
l
e at
t
ac
k
,
a
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
ar
at
t
ack
er
n
o
d
e ad
v
er
t
i
s
es
i
t
s
el
f
f
o
r
h
a
v
i
n
g
f
r
es
h
r
o
u
t
es
t
o
de
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
n
ode
f
ol
l
o
w
i
n
g t
he
s
h
or
t
e
s
t
pa
t
h a
n
d i
t
h
e
l
p
s
t
he
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
n
ode
t
o r
e
pl
y
a
l
l
t
he
R
R
E
Q
s
be
i
n
g t
he
p
ar
t
o
f
r
o
u
t
e,
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
at
a t
r
an
s
f
er
i
n
t
er
cep
t
s
t
h
e
d
at
a
p
ack
et
s
an
d
r
et
ai
n
i
n
g
i
t
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
r
eact
i
v
e r
o
u
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
t
h
at
u
s
es
f
l
o
o
d
i
n
g
m
ech
a
n
i
s
m
a
m
i
s
c
h
i
e
v
o
u
s
an
d
f
o
r
g
ed
r
o
u
t
e i
s
cr
eat
ed
as
t
h
e at
t
ack
er
n
o
d
e
s
R
R
E
P
i
s
r
ecei
v
ed
b
ef
o
r
e t
h
e l
eg
i
t
i
m
at
e o
n
es
.
B
ei
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
t
o
f
r
o
u
t
e,
t
h
e at
t
ac
k
er
n
o
d
e b
eh
av
es
t
o dr
op a
l
l
t
h
e
p
ack
et
s
r
ecei
v
ed
o
r
t
o
s
en
d
i
t
f
o
r
an
ar
b
i
t
r
ar
y
ad
d
r
es
s
[
1
1
]
.
O
v
er
al
l
,
w
e can
s
a
y
t
h
at
t
o
m
ak
e a b
l
ac
k
h
o
l
e
at
t
ack
t
h
e at
t
ac
k
er
n
o
d
e b
eco
m
es
t
h
e p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e r
o
u
t
e b
u
t
h
o
w
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
s
p
eci
f
i
ed
as
i
t
d
i
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
t
o
pr
ot
oc
ol
.
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
4 a
n
d 5
s
o
u
r
ce n
o
d
e “S
”
w
an
t
s
e
n
d
d
at
a t
o
d
es
t
i
n
at
i
o
n
n
o
d
e
“
D
”
an
d
h
e
n
ce,
a r
o
u
t
e
d
i
s
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ces
s
i
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
f
r
o
m
“S
”
t
o
“
D
”
a
n
d
“A
”,
”B
”,
”C
”,
”E
”
ar
e
t
h
e
i
n
t
er
m
ed
i
at
e
n
o
d
es
.
C
o
n
s
i
d
er
i
n
g
“
B
” as
a
n
at
t
ac
k
er
n
o
d
e an
d
c
l
ai
m
s
t
o
h
av
e
act
i
v
e
r
o
u
te
s
to
th
e
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
“
D
”
,
o
n
r
ecei
v
i
n
g
R
R
E
Q
p
ack
et
s
“
B
” s
en
d
s
a R
R
E
P
t
o
“
S
” b
ef
o
r
e o
t
h
er
l
eg
i
t
i
m
a
t
e n
o
d
es
m
ak
i
n
g
“
S
” t
o
b
el
i
ev
e t
h
a
t
“
B
” i
s
a
l
eg
i
t
i
m
at
e
n
o
d
e an
d
can
b
e a p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e act
i
v
e r
o
u
t
e.
H
en
ce al
l
o
t
h
er
R
R
E
P
s
f
r
o
m
l
e
g
i
t
i
m
at
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e d
i
s
ca
r
d
ed
b
y
“
S
”
an
d
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e r
o
u
t
e d
i
s
co
v
er
y
co
m
e t
o
an
e
n
d
.
O
n
w
ar
d
s
“
S
”
s
en
d
s
t
h
e d
at
a p
ac
k
et
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
d
e “
B
”
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
b
e d
r
o
p
p
ed
o
r
f
ab
r
i
cat
ed
b
y
“B
” l
ead
i
n
g
t
o
a b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
a
ck
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
S
in
g
le
b
la
c
k
h
o
le
a
tta
c
k
3.
1.
2.
C
oop
e
r
at
i
ve
B
l
ac
k
h
ol
e
A
tta
c
k
C
o
o
p
er
at
i
v
e b
l
ack
h
o
l
e at
t
ack
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
e
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
at
t
ac
k
er
s
act
s
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
,
“S
” i
s
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce n
o
d
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
A
nal
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of
B
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SR
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5.
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A
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6.
C
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p
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v
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l
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h
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3.
2.
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At
t
a
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k
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AO
DV a
n
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DS
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b.
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xt
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3.
2.
1.
I
n
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B
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t
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a
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I
n
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s
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et
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t
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o
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t
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n
t
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l
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o
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t
ack
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ar
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a
m
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
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8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
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l.
8
, N
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.
5
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20
18
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309
2
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3102
3098
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7
.
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h
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t
t
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3.
2.
2.
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x
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B
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.
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l
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4.
IM
P
LEM
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SR
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NS
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35
I
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35 f
or
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.
4.
1.
B
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k
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A
t
t
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k
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A
O
D
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T
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A
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x
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its
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s
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a
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h
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l
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s
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F
i
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e
8
t
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v
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cc an
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t
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l
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s
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F
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9
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h t
o e
x
h
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F
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10
.
F
i
g
ur
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8.
L
i
n
e
s
a
dde
d t
o a
odv
.
c
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
A
nal
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13
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in
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11
.
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i
g
ur
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11
.
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p
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e
m
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t
ed
b
l
ack
h
o
l
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ack
s
cen
ar
i
o
i
n
D
SR
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
18
:
309
2
-
3102
31
00
F
i
g
ur
e
12.
L
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n
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s
a
dde
d t
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r
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c
c
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13.
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s
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dde
d t
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r
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h
5.
P
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RF
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RM
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OF
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KHOL
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.