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r
esen
t
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
is
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
a
ti
m
e
s
lo
t
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
i
s
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
1
8
0
k
H
z
th
at
co
n
tai
n
a
co
n
ti
g
u
o
u
s
s
e
t
o
f
1
2
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
Hen
ce
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
p
lin
k
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
(
P
R
B
s
)
r
an
g
es
b
et
w
ee
n
6
P
R
B
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
alle
s
t
(
1
.
4
MH
z)
an
d
1
0
0
P
R
B
s
f
o
r
th
e
lar
g
es
t b
an
d
w
id
th
(
2
0
MH
z)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
OFDM
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
s
p
la
y
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
Q
u
alit
y
o
f
Ser
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
in
th
e
Me
d
iu
m
Acc
e
s
s
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
M
AC
)
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
MA
C
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
i
n
th
e
eNo
d
eB
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
i
n
t
h
e
u
p
li
n
k
an
d
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
s
m
ai
n
l
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
allo
ca
ti
n
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
(
R
B
s
)
a
m
o
n
g
UE
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
task
o
f
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
C
h
an
n
el
Q
u
al
it
y
I
n
d
icato
r
(
C
QI
)
,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
UE
s
o
n
w
h
eth
er
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
it
io
n
i
s
g
o
o
d
o
r
p
o
o
r
,
an
d
allo
ca
te
R
B
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ti
g
u
i
t
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
u
p
lin
k
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
r
ef
er
s
to
h
av
i
n
g
all
P
R
B
s
,
allo
ca
ted
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
UE
to
b
e
ad
j
ac
en
t a
lo
n
g
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
tig
u
it
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
u
p
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
s
i
n
ce
UE
i
s
b
ei
n
g
allo
ca
ted
a
P
R
B
d
esp
ite
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
o
th
er
UE
s
w
it
h
b
ett
er
ch
an
n
e
l q
u
alit
y
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
P
R
B
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
u
p
lin
k
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
is
s
t
ill
f
ac
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
ch
al
len
g
es
th
at
ca
n
li
m
i
t its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
in
g
le
ca
r
r
ier
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
SC
-
FDM
A
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
h
as to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
to
s
ati
s
f
y
th
eir
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
an
d
f
air
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
P
R
B
s
.
Sev
er
a
l
p
ap
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
liter
at
u
r
e.
T
h
r
ee
ch
an
n
el
a
w
ar
e
n
a
m
el
y
th
e
R
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
x
p
an
s
i
o
n
(
R
ME
)
,
First
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
x
p
an
s
io
n
(
F
ME
)
an
d
Min
i
m
u
m
A
r
ea
Di
f
f
er
en
ce
(
M
A
D)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
L
.
De
T
e
m
i
ñ
o
et
al.
in
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
R
ME
,
F
ME
,
an
d
M
A
D
ar
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
f
air
n
es
s
.
A
m
o
d
if
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
FME
n
a
m
el
y
th
e
Mo
d
if
ied
FME
(
M
FME
)
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
K.
E
lg
az
za
r
et
al.
i
n
[
10
]
.
MFM
E
m
o
d
if
ied
t
h
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
s
te
p
o
f
th
e
FME
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
t
in
u
e
s
to
s
ea
r
ch
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
n
o
n
-
id
le
UE
s
to
allo
ca
te
th
e
R
B
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
h
as
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
a
n
th
e
FME
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
es
s
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
H.
Saf
a
a
n
d
K.
T
o
h
m
e
[
11
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
FME
,
R
ME
a
n
d
R
id
in
g
P
ea
k
w
i
th
b
o
th
C
h
a
n
n
el
-
Dep
e
n
d
en
t
(
C
D)
an
d
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
Fair
n
ess
(
P
F)
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
e
FME
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
i
n
ter
m
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
ess
,
d
elay
,
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
in
b
o
th
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
M
atr
i
x
.
R
.
Ah
m
ad
et
al.
[
12
]
ev
alu
ated
th
e
R
R
,
MT
an
d
FME
s
ch
e
d
u
li
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
w
h
ich
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
f
air
n
ess
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
er
v
ice
cla
s
s
es.
T
h
e
FME
a
n
d
MT
d
eliv
er
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
R
T
s
er
v
ices
a
n
d
th
e
lo
w
es
t
f
a
ir
n
es
s
f
o
r
all
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
s
.
S.
Dar
d
o
u
r
i
et
al.
[
13
]
h
av
e
ev
al
u
ated
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
i
n
L
T
E
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
Vo
I
P
,
v
id
eo
an
d
b
est
ef
f
o
r
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
es
s
,
d
elay
a
n
d
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
ate
(
P
L
R
)
in
p
ed
estria
n
an
d
v
e
h
i
cu
lar
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
.
J
an
ev
s
k
i
et
al.
[
14
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
Hi
g
h
Sp
ee
d
Do
w
n
lin
k
P
ac
k
et
A
cc
e
s
s
(
HSDP
A
)
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
p
e
d
estrian
a
n
d
v
e
h
i
cu
lar
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
S.
Ma
h
e
s
h
a
et
al.
[
15
]
h
av
e
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
h
an
d
o
v
er
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
in
p
ed
estrian
an
d
v
eh
ic
u
lar
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
af
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
a
v
e
ta
k
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
d
elay
,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
atio
(
P
L
R
)
an
d
f
air
n
es
s
in
d
e
x
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
in
v
e
h
ic
u
lar
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
u
p
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
n
e
w
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
t
h
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
x
p
an
s
io
n
C
o
n
tig
u
it
y
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
(
ME
C
C
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
co
n
ti
g
u
it
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
es
s
in
d
ex
,
d
ela
y
,
a
n
d
p
ac
k
e
t
lo
s
s
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
i
n
th
e
u
p
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sec
tio
n
2
ex
p
lain
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Sectio
n
3
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
co
n
clu
d
es in
Sectio
n
4
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
B
li
n
d
E
q
u
al
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
B
E
T
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
u
s
ed
a
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
m
etr
ic.
T
h
e
B
E
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
eq
u
al
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
to
all
UE
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
s
c
h
ed
u
l
e
r
r
ec
eiv
es
an
in
p
u
t
m
atr
i
x
M
w
i
th
a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
[
N
UE
x
N
RB
]
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t,
is
ca
l
cu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
B
E
T
e
q
u
atio
n
,
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
MEC
C
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
in
ve
h
icu
la
r
en
vi
r
o
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me
n
t fo
r
u
p
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
…
(
S
h
a
fin
a
z
I
s
ma
il
)
1193
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
p
u
t
m
atr
i
x
o
f
M
2
.
1
.
B
lin
d
equa
l t
hro
ug
hp
ut
(
B
E
T
)
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
e
B
E
T
s
ch
ed
u
ler
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
eq
u
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
to
all
UE
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
io
r
ity
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
B
E
T
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
p
ast av
er
ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
UE
i
at
ti
m
e
t
w
h
ic
h
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
2
)
Hen
ce
,
)
is
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
m
o
v
in
g
a
v
er
ag
e,
a
n
d
is
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
o
f
UE
i
at
ti
m
e
t
as
d
ef
i
n
ed
a
b
o
v
e.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
is
s
et
to
0
.
1
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
f
air
n
e
s
s
[
16
]
.
I
n
e
v
er
y
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
(
T
T
I
)
,
B
E
T
s
ch
ed
u
ler
allo
ca
tes
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
f
lo
w
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
er
v
ed
w
it
h
lo
w
er
a
v
er
ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
t
h
e
p
ast.
U
E
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
t
h
e
lo
w
es
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
w
i
ll
b
e
s
er
v
ed
as
lo
n
g
a
s
t
h
e
u
s
er
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
i
n
th
e
ce
ll.
I
n
th
i
s
w
a
y
,
u
s
er
s
w
i
th
b
a
d
ch
an
n
e
l c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
m
o
r
e
o
f
te
n
.
2
.
2
.
Uplin
k
re
s
o
urce
a
llo
ca
t
i
o
n
in L
T
E
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
T
h
e
ME
C
C
s
ch
ed
u
ler
h
as
t
wo
s
tag
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
ta
g
e,
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
R
B
s
a
r
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
R
B
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
|
|
|
|
|
|
,
w
h
er
e
N
RB
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
R
B
a
n
d
N
UE
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UE
s
.
T
h
en
,
it
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
R
B
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
av
ai
lab
le
UE
s
.
T
h
e
f
air
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
R
B
s
a
m
o
n
g
UE
s
i
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
R
B
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
to
all
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
o
f
allo
ca
t
io
n
,
th
e
m
u
lti
-
u
s
e
r
d
iv
er
s
it
y
g
ain
is
e
x
p
lo
ited
b
y
allo
ca
tin
g
t
h
e
R
B
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
e
v
er
al
UE
s
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
R
B
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
s
tar
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
etr
ic
v
al
u
e
an
d
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
allo
ca
ti
o
n
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
m
atr
i
x
M.
E
ac
h
UE
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
er
v
ed
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
a
n
o
th
er
UE
h
a
v
i
n
g
b
etter
m
etr
ic
v
al
u
e
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tag
e,
t
h
e
allo
ca
tio
n
b
eg
i
n
s
b
y
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
UE
-
R
B
w
ith
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
etr
ic
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
n
b
o
t
h
th
e
r
ig
h
t a
n
d
th
e
lef
t
s
id
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
p
u
t o
f
m
atr
i
x
M
an
d
ass
i
g
n
i
n
g
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
th
e
R
B
(
N
RB
)
an
d
UE
(
N
)
.
A
s
t
h
e
s
c
h
ed
u
le
r
tr
av
er
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
ea
ch
R
B
,
it
c
h
ec
k
s
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
lu
m
n
o
n
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
-
h
a
n
d
s
id
e
an
d
o
n
t
h
e
le
f
t
-
h
a
n
d
s
id
e
o
f
m
atr
i
x
M.
I
f
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
-
h
a
n
d
s
i
d
e
is
h
i
g
h
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
n
th
e
lef
t
-
h
a
n
d
s
id
e,
it
w
ill
ex
p
a
n
d
o
n
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
-
h
an
d
s
id
e
o
f
m
atr
ix
M,
o
t
h
er
w
is
e
o
n
th
e
le
f
t
-
h
a
n
d
s
id
e.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
ch
ec
k
s
ea
c
h
co
l
u
m
n
o
f
m
atr
i
x
M
a
n
d
d
eter
m
i
n
es
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
m
e
tr
ic
s
till
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
UE
in
w
h
ic
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
b
ei
n
g
as
s
i
g
n
ed
,
o
r
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
m
e
tr
ic
b
elo
n
g
s
to
a
n
o
th
er
UE
.
I
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
f
u
l
f
illed
,
th
e
R
B
is
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
th
e
s
elec
ted
UE
;
o
th
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
UE
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
er
v
ed
,
an
d
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
R
B
i
s
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
a
n
e
w
UE
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
t
h
e
n
r
eiter
ates
t
h
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
Ass
i
g
n
in
g
t
h
e
R
B
to
th
e
o
th
er
UE
w
o
u
ld
b
r
ea
k
th
e
co
n
ti
n
u
i
t
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ME
C
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
1
9
1
-
1200
1194
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t o
f
th
e
ME
C
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
2
.
3
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
p
a
ra
m
et
er
s
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
v
id
eo
an
d
Vo
I
P
f
lo
w
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
T
s
er
v
ice
s
w
h
ile
in
f
i
n
ite
-
b
u
f
f
e
r
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
th
e
B
est
E
f
f
o
r
t
(
B
E
)
f
lo
w
is
r
ep
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
th
e
N
R
T
.
T
h
e
tr
ac
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
licati
o
n
d
eliv
er
s
p
ac
k
ets
b
ased
o
n
a
v
id
eo
tr
ac
e
f
ile,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
v
o
ice
f
lo
w
s
o
f
G.
7
2
9
ar
e
g
en
er
ati
n
g
Vo
I
P
ap
p
licatio
n
.
A
n
ON/O
FF
Ma
r
k
o
v
c
h
ai
n
i
s
m
o
d
eled
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
o
ice
f
lo
w
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ON
p
er
io
d
h
as
a
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
e
o
f
3
s
an
d
is
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
tiall
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
.
T
h
e
OFF
p
er
io
d
h
as
a
tr
u
n
ca
ted
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ith
a
n
av
er
ag
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
3
s
an
d
an
u
p
p
er
lim
it
o
f
6
.
9
s
[
17
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
eli
v
er
s
2
0
b
y
tes
s
ized
p
ac
k
et
ev
er
y
2
0
m
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ON
p
er
io
d
,
w
h
ich
is
eq
u
iv
a
le
n
t to
8
k
b
p
s
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
d
ata
r
at
e
is
ze
r
o
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
OFF
p
er
io
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
Vo
ice
A
cti
v
it
y
Dete
cto
r
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
I
n
f
i
n
ite
-
B
u
f
f
er
ap
p
licatio
n
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
a
g
r
ee
d
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
th
at
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
p
o
s
s
ess
e
s
p
ac
k
ets
to
b
e
d
eliv
er
ed
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ME
C
C
,
R
R
,
P
F
-
FME
,
an
d
C
D
-
FME
ar
e
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
f
air
n
e
s
s
i
n
d
ex
,
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
atio
(
P
L
R
)
an
d
d
ela
y
[
18
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
e
tr
ic
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
p
ac
k
et
b
ein
g
d
eli
v
er
ed
o
v
er
a
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
is
c
alcu
lated
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
its
w
ith
t
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
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I
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N
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2
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8
8
-
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I
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o
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ated
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ler
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n
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E
r
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o
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h
a
s
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e
h
i
g
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est
P
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w
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ib
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te
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h
e
Vo
I
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ex
p
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ce
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ig
n
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f
ica
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y
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wer
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af
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g
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o
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r
ce
b
it
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ate
as,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
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id
eo
f
l
o
w
s
as
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
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an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
P
L
R
f
o
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t
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Qo
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tab
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h
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P
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f
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f
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ill
u
s
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ated
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Fi
g
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I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
a
t
R
R
s
c
h
ed
u
le
r
h
a
s
t
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e
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ig
h
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t
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o
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d
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d
P
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r
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h
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o
f
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ad
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g
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er
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n
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a
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RR
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o
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it
h
m
d
eliv
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th
e
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h
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t.
T
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R
o
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is
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er
th
a
n
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o
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v
er
,
t
h
e
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C
C
m
a
n
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g
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h
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s
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.
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o
th
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P
F
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ME
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ch
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l
er
s
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r
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f
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ex
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P
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d
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B
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f
lo
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s
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s
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s
tr
ated
in
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g
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r
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u
r
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d
Fig
u
r
e
1
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r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
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h
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
v
al
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o
f
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n
d
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d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
o
r
all
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
s
.
I
t
is
n
o
ticed
th
a
t
t
h
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
in
d
ex
f
o
r
P
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i
s
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
b
et
w
ee
n
6
0
to
8
0
u
s
er
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
allo
ca
tes
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
t
h
e
u
s
er
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
n
eg
lect
ed
w
h
e
n
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
a
b
ad
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
.
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w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
C
D
-
FME
d
e
cr
ea
s
ed
as t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
b
ec
au
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
o
n
l
y
to
u
s
er
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
b
est
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
th
o
s
e
w
ith
lo
w
ch
an
n
el
q
u
alit
y
w
il
l
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tar
v
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
f
air
n
es
s
v
a
lu
e
o
f
ME
C
C
an
d
R
R
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
l
e
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
f
o
r
all
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
s
a
n
d
th
e
v
alu
e
is
k
ep
t
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
7
an
d
0
.
8
a
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
f
air
n
ess
in
d
e
x
f
o
r
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C
C
a
n
d
R
R
i
s
s
tead
y
,
w
h
ic
h
is
h
o
v
er
in
g
b
et
w
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n
0
.
7
an
d
0
.
8
.
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h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
R
R
an
d
ME
C
C
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
s
ar
e
f
air
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
R
B
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
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1
2
.
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n
ess
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d
ex
f
o
r
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I
P
f
lo
w
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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o
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ith
m
in
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.
Fair
n
ess
i
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d
ex
f
o
r
B
E
f
lo
w
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
t
u
d
ied
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
u
p
li
n
k
s
ch
ed
u
l
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
R
T
an
d
NR
T
s
er
v
ices
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
L
T
E
-
SIM
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ME
C
C
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
C
D
-
FME
,
P
F
-
FME
,
an
d
R
R
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
d
ela
y
,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
atio
(
P
L
R
)
an
d
f
air
n
es
s
in
d
e
x
.
T
h
e
Vo
I
P
,
v
id
eo
an
d
B
E
f
lo
w
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
UE
s
i
s
s
e
t to
1
2
0
k
m
/
h
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ese
m
b
le
s
th
e
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
v
e
h
ic
u
lar
.
Fr
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
ME
C
C
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
t
h
e
b
est
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
o
t
h
er
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
a
s
it
d
eliv
er
s
t
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
all
f
lo
w
s
d
u
e
t
o
a
f
air
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
R
B
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
i
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
lo
w
d
ela
y
,
lo
w
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
ate
a
n
d
d
eliv
er
s
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
le
v
el
o
f
f
air
n
ess
v
al
u
e
i
n
th
e
v
eh
ic
u
lar
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
it
is
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
ME
C
C
is
ab
l
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
2
0
0
u
s
er
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
t
h
e
Qo
S
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
s
o
f
Vo
I
P
,
v
id
eo
,
an
d
B
E
.
Hen
ce
it c
a
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
ME
C
C
is
t
h
e
b
est
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
in
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
th
e
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
th
e
R
T
an
d
NR
T
tr
af
f
ic
s
.
As
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
ME
C
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
ill
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
in
th
e
s
ta
tic
an
d
p
ed
estr
ian
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
u
p
lin
k
-
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
a
v
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
.
5.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
ar
e
g
r
ate
f
u
l
to
t
h
e
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ma
r
a
(
UiT
M)
Sh
a
h
Ala
m
,
Sela
n
g
o
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
r
an
t
s
o
f
B
is
tar
i 6
0
0
-
I
R
MI
/D
A
N
A
5
/3
/B
E
ST
AR
I
(
/2
0
1
8
)
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
es
ea
r
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
n
g
ri
I,
M
a
h
f
o
u
d
i
M
,
Na
ji
d
A
,
Be
k
k
a
li
M
El
,
"
Ex
p
o
n
e
n
ti
a
l
M
L
W
DF
(
EXP
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
li
n
k
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
Ev
a
lu
a
ted
in
LT
E
f
o
r
Hig
h
M
o
b
il
i
ty
a
n
d
De
n
se
A
re
a
S
c
e
n
a
rio
,
"
In
t
J
El
e
c
tr
Co
mp
u
t
En
g
,
8
(3
)
:1
6
1
8
–
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
Ya
d
a
v
S
P
,
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M
a
la
y
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
in
2
0
0
2
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
la
y
sia
.
P
re
v
io
u
sly
,
sh
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
e
r
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
w
it
h
Ho
n
o
u
rs,
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
,
g
ra
d
u
a
ti
n
g
in
1
9
9
9
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(W
iCO
T
)
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
In
tere
st
G
ro
u
p
(RIG
)
a
n
d
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
W
irele
ss
Ac
c
e
s
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
S
e
rv
ic
e
in
W
irele
ss
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
.
Az
ita
La
il
y
Yu
s
o
f
is
a
n
A
s
so
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
R
A
(Ui
T
M
).
In
2
0
1
1
,
sh
e
w
a
s
a
wa
rd
e
d
a
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
E
lec
tro
n
ic
&
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
i
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
lay
sia
(UK
M
).
S
h
e
a
lso
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
sit
i
Ke
b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
in
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
&
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
0
0
.
P
re
v
io
u
sly
,
sh
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
e
r
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
K
e
b
a
n
g
s
a
a
n
M
a
la
y
sia
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
u
rs
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
&
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
1
9
9
9
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
th
e
P
r
o
g
ra
m
m
e
Co
o
rd
i
n
a
to
r
o
f
F
KE
f
ro
m
2
0
1
3
u
n
ti
l
2
0
1
7
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
wa
rd
e
d
1
7
re
se
a
rc
h
g
ra
n
ts
f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
u
n
iv
e
rsity
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
7
0
jo
u
r
n
a
l
p
a
p
e
rs
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
to
p
ics
re
late
d
to
w
irele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
S
h
e
is
a
g
ro
u
p
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
W
iCo
T
)
g
ro
u
p
a
t
UiT
M
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
o
c
iety
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
ra
d
i
o
re
so
u
rc
e
a
n
d
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
m
o
b
i
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s n
e
tw
o
rk
s.
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