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In
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C
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p
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A
uth
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:
W
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a
Hid
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at
b
i
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Mo
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Saad
,
Facu
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y
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n
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C
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p
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E
n
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i
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Un
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E
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w
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a_
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ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sleep
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
“
b
r
ain
ac
tiv
i
t
y
”
th
at
h
elp
to
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
b
r
ain
f
ati
g
u
e
[
1
]
.
Go
o
d
s
leep
q
u
alit
y
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
i
n
m
an
y
p
o
s
iti
v
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
t
h
at
h
elp
in
g
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
eir
d
a
y
t
i
m
e
ac
tiv
it
y
[
2
]
.
W
h
e
n
s
o
m
eo
n
e
a
s
leep
,
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
r
tr
ate,
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
,
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
esp
ir
atio
n
r
ate
ar
e
v
ar
ied
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
p
ar
am
eter
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
leep
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
leep
ap
n
ea
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
w
it
h
o
u
t
i
n
te
r
r
u
p
t
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
s
leep
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
th
e
s
leep
co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
.
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
o
d
y
d
u
r
in
g
s
leep
s
ta
g
e,
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
ti
m
e
(
MT
)
an
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t e
v
e
n
t
s
(
ME
)
ar
e
t
w
o
im
p
o
r
tan
t p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
o
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
t
h
er
e
ar
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m
a
n
y
ex
i
s
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
s
lee
p
th
at
u
s
e
s
ev
er
al
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
to
i
n
d
icate
th
e
s
leep
s
ta
g
es.
P
o
ly
s
o
m
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
P
SG)
f
o
r
an
ex
a
m
p
le
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
v
ar
ia
b
les
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
b
r
ai
n
elec
tr
ic
al
ac
tiv
i
t
y
,
m
u
s
cle
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
e
f
f
o
r
t
an
d
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
at
u
r
atio
n
[
6
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
id
en
ti
f
y
s
leep
-
o
n
s
et
a
n
d
w
a
k
e
-
u
p
ti
m
e
[
7
]
.
A
d
ev
ice
m
u
s
t
b
e
w
o
r
n
o
n
th
e
w
r
is
t
o
f
u
s
er
d
u
r
in
g
s
l
e
ep
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
eir
ac
tiv
it
y
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
lace
d
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
w
r
i
s
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
b
eliev
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th
a
t
th
er
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is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
w
r
is
t
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
leep
s
tatu
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
i
s
av
a
ilab
le
is
th
e
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s
e
o
f
v
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d
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d
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o
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d
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to
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it
h
P
ass
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v
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n
f
r
a
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R
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P
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s
en
s
o
r
to
d
etec
t
th
e
u
s
er
s
leep
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tatu
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
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s
tu
d
y
in
[
1
0
]
p
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r
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leep
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en
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s
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Fig
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r
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n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
h
o
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
a
f
ter
n
o
o
n
o
r
in
th
e
e
v
en
in
g
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
e
t
1
a
n
d
S
et
2
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
2
7
th
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
7
an
d
2
8
t
h
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
7
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
s
et
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
to
w
ar
d
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
s
leep
.
B
o
th
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
i
n
B
u
k
it
B
er
u
a
n
g
,
Me
la
k
a
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
T
h
e
w
e
ath
er
Set
1
is
g
o
o
d
w
h
ic
h
w
it
h
3
1
˚
C
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
7
%R
H
h
u
m
id
it
y
w
h
ich
is
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
ate
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
la
m
p
i
s
tu
r
n
o
f
f
an
d
j
u
s
t
a
litt
le
o
f
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
o
u
ts
id
e
is
p
en
etr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cu
r
tai
n
th
at
g
i
v
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
lig
h
t
in
te
n
s
it
y
i
s
in
th
e
d
ar
k
r
an
g
e.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
th
e
am
b
ie
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
obs
er
v
a
tio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
as
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
et
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
a
m
b
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t Set
1
Am
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
Set
2
is
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
co
ld
r
an
g
e
w
h
ic
h
is
b
et
w
ee
n
2
3
to
2
8
°C
.
A
t
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
is
n
o
r
m
al
w
h
ic
h
i
s
3
2
°C
b
u
t
th
er
e
i
s
a
s
m
al
l
r
ain
a
t
m
i
d
n
ig
h
t
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
u
n
til
2
6
°C
.
R
ain
in
g
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
b
ec
o
m
e
2
8
°C
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
id
it
y
an
d
li
g
h
t in
ten
s
it
y
ar
e
m
ain
tain
ed
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
an
g
e
as i
n
S
et
1
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
in
t
w
o
n
i
g
h
ts
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
s
leep
s
tag
e
s
.
B
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
atter
n
f
r
o
m
p
l
o
tted
g
r
ap
h
,
th
e
s
leep
s
tag
e
o
f
No
n
-
R
ap
id
E
y
e
Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
(
N
R
E
M)
an
d
R
ap
i
d
E
y
e
Mo
v
e
m
en
t
(
R
E
M)
ca
n
b
e
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
t
r
an
s
itio
n
s
ta
g
e
b
u
t
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
d
o
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
m
u
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
E
ffect
o
f t
h
e
A
mb
ien
t Tem
p
era
tu
r
e
to
w
a
r
d
th
e
Qu
a
lity o
f S
leep
(
W
i
r
a
Hid
a
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t b
in
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h
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a
d
)
2989
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
c
h
an
g
es
in
h
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r
t
r
ate
an
d
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
at
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r
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i
n
n
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t
s
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g
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h
ich
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h
t
s
leep
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tag
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h
e
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
ar
e
s
lig
h
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
in
th
i
s
s
tag
e.
So
m
eo
n
e
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
w
a
k
e
u
p
at
th
is
s
t
ag
e
s
o
th
e
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
d
id
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
m
o
r
e.
Nex
t
s
lee
p
s
tag
e
is
ca
lled
as
d
ee
p
s
leep
s
tag
e.
A
t
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
h
ea
t r
ate
a
n
d
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
b
ec
o
m
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
s
b
lo
o
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
m
u
s
cle
in
cr
ea
s
e.
So
m
eo
n
e
i
s
m
o
r
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
t
h
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
o
t
h
at
f
e
w
er
ch
a
n
g
es
in
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
th
i
s
d
ee
p
s
leep
s
tag
e.
Oth
e
r
th
an
th
at,
s
o
m
eo
n
e
w
ill
f
ee
l
d
is
o
r
ien
ted
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
m
in
u
t
es
if
w
o
k
e
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
s
ta
g
e.
Fin
a
l
s
leep
s
ta
g
e
i
n
o
n
e
c
y
c
le
is
ca
lled
as
d
r
ea
m
s
leep
s
ta
g
e
a
n
d
it
is
R
E
M
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
r
ea
m
is
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
A
t
th
is
s
tag
e,
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
w
il
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
s
p
en
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
l
ee
p
s
tag
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
d
u
r
atio
n
s
leep
c
y
cle
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
leep
s
ta
g
e,
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
s
leep
c
an
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
n
ch
a
n
g
es
o
f
a
m
b
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
a
n
d
ch
an
g
es
o
f
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
ea
ch
s
leep
s
tag
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
to
T
ab
le
1
an
d
T
ab
le
2
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
r
es
u
lt
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
et
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
a
m
b
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
p
eo
p
le
to
s
lee
p
b
etter
is
in
a
co
ld
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
m
ad
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ti
m
e
s
p
en
t
f
o
r
tr
an
s
i
tio
n
s
ta
g
e
f
o
r
Se
t
2
is
o
n
l
y
1
2
m
i
n
u
tes
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
n
o
r
m
al
ti
m
e
f
o
r
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
f
all
asleep
w
h
ile
s
a
m
p
le
tak
e
s
lo
n
g
er
ti
m
e
to
f
all
asleep
in
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
S
et
1
.
Dr
ea
m
s
leep
s
tag
e
i
s
th
e
s
ta
g
e
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
r
ea
m
h
a
p
p
en
s
an
d
n
o
r
m
all
y
o
n
l
y
tak
e
s
9
0
m
i
n
u
tes
to
1
2
0
m
i
n
u
te
s
af
ter
f
all
as
leep
.
I
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
et
2
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
s
a
m
p
le
o
n
l
y
s
p
e
n
d
s
1
h
o
u
r
an
d
2
8
m
i
n
u
tes
w
h
ic
h
in
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
r
an
g
e
w
h
i
le
2
h
o
u
r
s
i
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
e
t
1
w
h
i
ch
is
a
ls
o
i
n
th
e
g
o
o
d
r
an
g
e
a
s
w
el
l
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
s
a
m
p
le
ca
n
s
leep
b
etter
i
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
S
et
2
r
ath
er
th
a
n
Set
1
.
B
esid
es
t
h
at,
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
o
co
m
p
lete
o
n
e
s
leep
c
y
cle
i
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
et
2
is
s
h
o
r
ter
th
a
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
S
et
1.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
a
m
b
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
et
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t set 1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
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6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
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1
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:
2
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8
6
–
2
9
9
2
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
b
o
d
y
co
n
d
itio
n
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
S
et
2
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
a
m
b
ien
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
d
ata
in
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t s
et
1
an
d
2
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
e
t
1
S
e
t
2
R
o
o
m T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
˚
C
)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
32
31
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
30
26
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
31
28
H
u
mi
d
i
t
y
(
%R
H
)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
9
13
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
4
5
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
7
8
L
i
g
h
t
I
n
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e
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si
t
y
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
9
8
6
9
7
4
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
9
8
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
1
5
3
1
8
8
Ta
b
le
2
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
b
o
d
y
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n
d
itio
n
d
ata
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
t
h
e
s
leep
cy
cle
i
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t set 1
an
d
2
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
e
t
1
S
e
t
2
B
o
d
y
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
˚
C
)
T
r
a
n
si
t
i
o
n
35
-
37
37
-
39
L
i
g
h
t
S
l
e
e
p
34
-
36
37
-
39
D
e
e
p
S
l
e
e
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[1
]
T
a
k
u
ji
S
u
z
u
k
i,
e
t
a
l
,
.
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
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o
f
a
S
lee
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M
o
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g
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e
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w
it
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ra
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le
V
it
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Ho
m
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,
Na
ti
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l
In
st
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o
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ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
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t
y
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n
d
He
a
lt
h
.
[2
]
A
ll
iso
n
G
.
Ha
r
v
e
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
S
u
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jec
ti
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M
e
a
n
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g
o
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S
le
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Qu
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ty
:
A
Co
m
p
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In
d
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id
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it
h
a
n
d
w
it
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o
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t
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n
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m
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,
S
L
EE
P
,
p
p
.
3
8
4
-
3
9
3
,
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.
[3
]
S
tag
e
s o
f
S
lee
p
.
(n
.
d
.
).
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tri
e
v
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M
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4
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2
0
1
6
,
f
ro
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tt
p
s://
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.
m
st.ed
u
[4
]
W
e
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,
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t
a
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.
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to
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ted
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lee
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p
p
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,
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.
[5
]
W
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a
a
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W
.
Kh
o
o
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S
.
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b
Ra
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a
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v
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th
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17
(
3
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201
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[7
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Ir.
R.
(Re
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Ha
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k
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th
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S
lee
p
,
2
0
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2
.
[9
]
Ya
-
T
i
P
e
n
g
,
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t
a
l
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M
u
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p
Qu
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M
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it
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g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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s
o
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Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
Circ
u
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s
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n
d
S
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ms
,
1
(3
)
,
2
1
7
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7
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0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
A
n
d
re
a
Ke
a
l
y
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
De
riv
a
t
io
n
o
f
Ni
g
h
t
T
ime
Beh
a
v
io
u
r
M
e
trics
u
sin
g
Amb
ie
n
t
S
e
n
so
rs
,
”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
e
rv
a
siv
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Co
m
p
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ti
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g
T
e
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h
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
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a
lt
h
c
a
re
a
n
d
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s
,
3
3
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
W
.
H.B.
M
.
S
a
a
d
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
De
v
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lo
p
m
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lee
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o
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it
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g
S
y
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m
to
Ob
se
rv
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th
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
Ro
o
m
Am
b
ien
t
to
w
a
rd
th
e
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
S
lee
p
,
”
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
L
u
n
d
,
H.
G
,
e
t
a
l
.
"
S
lee
p
P
a
tt
e
rn
s
a
n
d
P
re
d
ict
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rs
o
f
Distu
rb
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d
S
le
e
p
in
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Larg
e
P
o
p
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lati
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f
Co
ll
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g
e
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tu
d
e
n
ts,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
o
les
c
e
n
t
He
a
lt
h
,
4
6
(
2
),
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p
1
2
4
-
1
3
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
W
ir
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H
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M
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S
a
a
d
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rre
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y
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g
a
s
a
se
n
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tu
re
r
in
De
p
a
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t
Co
m
p
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ter,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
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El
e
c
tro
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d
C
o
m
p
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ter
En
g
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g
(F
KEKK
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,
Un
iv
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rsiti
T
e
k
n
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M
a
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e
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e
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f
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ish
e
d
h
is
d
e
g
re
e
in
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c
h
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lo
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tri
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2
0
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7
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n
d
h
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f
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ish
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2
0
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th
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ield
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f
M
u
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b
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M
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t
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De
p
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ish
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g
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El
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En
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m
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ro
m
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ish
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P
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El
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En
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f
ro
m
Un
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y
o
f
S
trath
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ly
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UK
.
His res
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re
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s ar
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d
ig
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tal
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y
ste
m
,
V
HD
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d
e
sig
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d
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lec
tro
n
ics
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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De
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g
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f
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m
UK
M
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
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sp
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c
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ti
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n
is
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P
BL
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ET
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tl
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a
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En
g
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,
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k
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l
M
a
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y
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M
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a
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f
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d
h
is
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B
a
c
h
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En
g
in
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le
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m
m
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s)
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n
d
M
a
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E
ng
in
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g
(M
e
c
h
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to
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ic
&
Co
n
tro
l
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
)
f
ro
m
UT
M
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
sp
e
c
ializa
ti
o
n
is
i
n
t
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
,
i
n
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.