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[
1
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[
4
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5]
.
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[
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No
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M
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5
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o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
lo
ad
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
A
C
/
DC
,
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
b
u
t
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
ar
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
an
d
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
f
o
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
asic
p
o
w
er
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
o
r
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
b
atter
y
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
th
e
e
lectr
o
n
i
c
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
R
E
S
an
d
E
E
S
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
p
er
ate
as r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
r
e
n
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
in
M
Gs
attr
ac
te
d
a
lo
t
o
f
atten
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
b
en
ef
its
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
i
n
th
eir
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
to
t
h
e
s
m
all
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
H
R
E
S,
t
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
d
es
ig
n
u
s
u
al
l
y
ar
e
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
s
,
as
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
id
o
r
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
it
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
HOM
E
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
(
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
r
en
e
w
ab
les
)
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
o
f
a
HR
E
S b
y
HOM
E
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
4
-
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e,
m
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
P
E
M)
o
f
H
R
E
S.
I
n
[
1
7
]
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
p
r
esen
te
d
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
in
[
1
8
]
,
au
th
o
r
s
u
s
ed
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
ass
iv
e
l
y
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
P
E
M
f
u
el
ce
ll
b
atte
r
y
i
n
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
An
o
th
er
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
in
t
P
o
w
er
T
r
ac
k
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
MPPT
C
)
fo
r
ea
ch
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
th
e
HR
E
S
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
p
etu
r
b
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
(
P
&
O)
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
P
V
p
an
el
an
d
a
f
iled
o
r
ien
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
(
FOC
)
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ex
tr
ac
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
.
Sa
m
e
th
i
n
g
in
[
2
0
]
w
h
er
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
class
i
c
(
P
&
O)
m
et
h
o
d
to
ex
tr
ac
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
P
V
an
d
a
n
e
w
r
ec
ti
f
ier
s
ta
g
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
[
2
1
]
Xiao
et
al.
,
p
r
esen
t
a
c
o
o
r
d
in
ated
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
b
ased
in
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
a
P
&
O
f
o
r
P
V.
T
h
e
in
telli
g
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
te
g
r
ated
lar
g
el
y
in
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
H
R
E
S
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
,
in
[
2
0
]
a
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
P
V,
W
T
an
d
d
iesel
en
g
in
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
teg
r
ated
to
P
V
p
an
el
an
d
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
o
f
W
T
.
I
n
eit
h
er
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
MG
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
tab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
d
af
ter
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
aj
o
r
d
er
eg
u
latio
n
s
.
An
o
th
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
t
u
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
to
m
ai
n
t
ain
a
s
tab
ilit
y
in
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
u
tp
u
t
esp
ec
ial
l
y
i
n
th
e
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
;
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
an
d
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
la
y
a
r
o
le
in
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
class
ical
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
b
ased
in
th
eir
w
o
r
k
o
n
an
ex
ac
t
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
a
n
d
ar
e
v
er
y
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
e
to
ad
eq
u
ate
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
q
u
an
t
ities
.
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t t
h
a
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t r
eq
u
i
r
e
a
co
n
cr
ete
m
o
d
e
l
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
FL
C
)
o
f
is
o
lated
HR
E
S
i
n
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
to
m
ain
tain
a
s
t
ab
ilit
y
in
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
u
tp
u
t
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
HR
E
S
co
m
b
i
n
e
a
w
in
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
(
W
T
)
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
p
an
els
as
p
r
i
m
ar
y
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
E
S
S)
b
ased
o
n
b
atter
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
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n
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ir
m
th
e
e
f
f
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y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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alg
o
r
ith
m
to
en
s
u
r
in
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co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
in
s
tab
le
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
asic c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
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ter
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VSI
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to
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s
u
r
e
t
h
e
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n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
d
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v
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w
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ated
f
r
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m
P
V
ar
r
ay
a
n
d
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o
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im
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r
o
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y
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te
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er
f
o
r
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a
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t
h
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te
g
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ated
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n
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ter
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e
p
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ad
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T
h
e
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ip
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o
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atter
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h
a
r
g
e
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
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o
f
b
atter
y
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d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
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th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
D
C
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
d
esira
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le
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
-
b
u
s
i
n
th
e
in
p
u
t o
f
V
SI.
T
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
in
AC
lo
ad
s
,
a
F
L
C
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
VSI
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
t
h
e
F
L
C
co
n
s
is
t
s
i
n
g
en
er
ati
n
g
t
h
r
ee
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
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al
s
f
o
r
p
u
ls
e
w
it
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
o
f
VSI
.
E
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
E
MS)
f
o
r
HR
E
S
u
s
ed
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
in
v
ar
y
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n
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n
d
itio
n
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a
n
d
to
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n
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e
t
h
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lo
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o
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p
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w
h
ile
en
s
u
r
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g
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f
f
icie
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t
o
p
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tio
n
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ar
io
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r
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tr
ical
en
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g
y
p
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o
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ctio
n
.
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g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
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MS
m
u
s
t
m
ain
l
y
u
s
e
w
in
d
a
n
d
p
h
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to
v
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aic
en
er
g
y
to
m
ee
t
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
of
p
o
w
er
[
2
2
]
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
is
i
n
c
h
ar
g
in
g
m
o
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w
h
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p
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r
eq
u
ir
ed
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y
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lo
ad
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g
r
ea
ter
t
h
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w
er
g
e
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ati
o
n
;
t
h
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atter
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i
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tar
t
to
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n
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h
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test
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t p
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n
ar
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s
th
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q
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al
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f
ac
tiv
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p
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w
er
d
eliv
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y
HR
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S.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
P
V/
w
in
d
h
y
b
r
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p
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w
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
3.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
O
F
T
H
E
M
I
CRO
G
RI
D
CO
M
P
O
NE
NT
S
3
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
t
he
w
ind
s
y
s
t
e
m
g
ener
a
t
o
r
T
h
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
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s
g
en
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ato
r
(
P
MSG)
i
s
v
er
y
in
ter
esti
n
g
f
o
r
g
en
er
a
tin
g
w
in
d
p
o
w
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;
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
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th
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elec
tr
ical
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ac
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i
n
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it
h
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s
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(
g
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m
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ce
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h
ig
h
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f
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
h
i
g
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m
as
s
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v
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to
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e,
g
o
o
d
p
o
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er
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ac
to
r
.
.
.
etc)
[
2
3
]
.
to
m
o
d
el
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
P
MSG
s
y
s
te
m
w
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w
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ld
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co
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d
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r
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m
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eq
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ar
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an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
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g
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s
r
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f
er
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ce
s
y
s
te
m
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
P
MSG
in
(
d
,
q
)
f
r
a
m
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
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5
5
9
-
5
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6
9
5562
T
h
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d
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n
a
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el
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ased
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ted
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r
f
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a
s
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n
ch
r
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n
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u
s
r
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er
e
n
ce
is
i
n
d
icate
d
b
elo
w
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
q
q
q
m
d
d
d
i
L
i
L
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
m
is
t
h
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co
n
s
ta
n
t
p
o
w
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th
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p
r
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tio
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o
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ex
citat
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f
l
u
x
in
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h
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n
ce
d
-
qo
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T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
eq
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atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
P
MSG
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
m
o
d
el
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s
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i
v
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n
b
y
t
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f
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w
i
n
g
eq
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atio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
m
d
d
r
q
q
q
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q
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d
d
d
s
d
i
L
dt
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R
v
(
2
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w
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d
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d
V
q
ar
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r
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ec
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y
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ax
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d
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ax
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s
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d
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d
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ar
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ec
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x
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d
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ax
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ts
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s
p
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ato
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s
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d
.
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h
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elec
tr
o
m
a
g
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et
ic
to
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q
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e
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i
v
en
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y
:
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d
q
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L
L
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p
C
2
3
(
3
)
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
d
y
n
a
m
ic
eq
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is
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
w
h
er
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J
is
th
e
in
er
t
ia
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
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f
v
is
t
h
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f
r
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n
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n
t a
n
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T
l is th
e
to
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n
d
t
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r
b
in
e.
v
l
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f
dt
d
J
T
T
(4
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I
n
th
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liter
at
u
r
e,
s
ev
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al
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o
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k
s
h
a
v
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ce
n
tr
ated
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t
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
d
i
f
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er
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co
m
p
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ts
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f
a
w
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n
d
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
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ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
(
W
T
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w
it
h
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
ax
i
s
d
r
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ir
ec
tl
y
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p
er
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a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
at
o
r
(
P
MSG)
,
s
o
w
e
ca
n
s
a
y
t
h
at
a
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
co
n
v
er
ts
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
in
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
o
w
er
b
y
m
ea
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s
o
f
p
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d
u
cin
g
to
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q
u
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mo
d
el
o
f
th
e
w
in
g
Sin
ce
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
is
i
n
f
o
r
m
o
f
k
i
n
etic
e
n
er
g
y
,
its
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
air
d
en
s
it
y
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
5
)
.
2
3
.
.
p
C
V
S
wt
P
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
C
p
is
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
W
T
,
V
is
w
in
d
s
p
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d
w
it
h
a
u
n
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/s
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ρ
a
n
d
S
a
r
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en
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ti
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h
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tip
s
p
ee
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atio
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i
n
ed
as
th
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atio
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f
t
u
r
b
in
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lad
e
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ea
r
s
p
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d
an
d
th
e
w
in
d
s
p
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d
,
is
w
r
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a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
V
R
.
(
6
)
W
in
d
W
in
g
Ω
(
t)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
F
u
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f h
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r
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in
clu
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5563
w
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p
2
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5
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[
2
6
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.
3
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2
.
M
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delin
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t
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ph
o
t
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A
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it
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f
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n
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l
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e
(
Vp
v
)
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
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m
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atica
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Su
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g
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tr
ac
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P
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p
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els
[
2
8
]
.
Dif
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tech
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T
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s
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ated
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u
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u
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t
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[
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p
R
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pv
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pv
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a
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B
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3
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3
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M
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delin
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DC/DC
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T
h
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av
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b
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n
k
[
2
8
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.
RI
b
a
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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8708
I
n
t J
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&
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p
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ctio
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s
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P
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[
3
0
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3
.
4
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
t
he
DC
-
DC
bo
o
s
t
co
nv
er
t
e
I
n
th
e
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
,
DC
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D
C
co
n
v
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ter
s
ar
e
cu
r
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en
tl
y
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n
th
e
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s
ti
m
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o
f
g
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t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
DC
-
D
C
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
ter
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ele
m
en
tar
y
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
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f
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h
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p
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w
er
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tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
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ter
.
A
B
o
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s
t
C
o
n
v
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ter
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
i
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
to
i
n
cr
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s
ed
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er
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,
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
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an
d
co
n
tr
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llab
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it
ca
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c
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a
n
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co
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t,
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f
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n
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y
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n
d
p
r
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d
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ctio
n
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
s
a
s
w
ell
a
s
th
e
r
elate
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elec
tr
ical
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en
ts
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f
t
h
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b
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s
t
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n
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ter
s
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n
ce
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n
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s
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e
s
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o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
t c
o
n
tain
s
o
n
e
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
ce
ll
m
ad
e
u
p
b
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tr
an
s
is
to
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t
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e
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d
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d
e
in
s
er
ie
s
w
ith
lo
ad
[
2
7
,
3
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
lectr
ical
s
ch
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m
e
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f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
t
h
e
DC
/
DC
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
r
atio
f
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
s
o
V
V
1
1
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
α
i
s
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
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h
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DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
4.
F
U
Z
Z
Y
L
O
G
I
C
CO
N
T
RO
L
L
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R
F
O
R
T
H
E
DC/A
C
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T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
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o
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t
h
e
f
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ic
co
n
tr
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ller
(
F
L
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)
ap
p
lie
d
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th
i
s
s
t
u
d
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i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
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L
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n
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ller
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e:
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,
Def
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ase
(
r
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le
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ase)
.
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zz
i
f
icatio
n
allo
w
s
t
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e
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ar
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tak
en
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in
p
u
t
s
an
d
t
h
en
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
le
[
3
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l o
f h
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r
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d
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5565
Fig
u
r
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ase
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ter
.
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h
e
3
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lev
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3
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ase
VSI
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P
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n
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e
b
ased
o
n
FLC
m
o
d
e
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
v
o
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g
e
a
m
p
lit
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d
e
in
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
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n
g
s
eq
u
e
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ce
o
f
th
e
VSI
v
ar
ies
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
i
g
n
al
d
etec
ted
f
r
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m
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
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ap
p
lied
to
th
e
lo
ad
;
it
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
en
ter
s
an
FL
C
,
w
h
i
ch
th
e
n
s
u
p
p
lies
u
n
ip
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lar
PW
M
f
o
r
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r
ef
er
en
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
.
F
ig
u
r
e
8
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
D
C
/
AC
o
f
t
h
r
ee
le
v
el
VSI
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
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zz
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
ased
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
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as
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ee
n
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esig
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ed
to
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n
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l
th
e
n
o
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-
lin
ea
r
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n
s
,
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n
th
is
ca
s
e,
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e
F
L
C
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
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o
p
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iate
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tio
n
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h
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er
r
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k
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h
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n
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lated
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u
b
tr
ac
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f
th
e
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ed
p
h
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s
e
v
o
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d
t
h
e
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er
e
n
ce
v
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e
(
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r
ef
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w
it
h
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
er
r
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r
f
r
o
m
(
k
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ll
b
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e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
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ic
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o
ller
at
th
e
s
a
m
p
lin
g
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n
s
ta
n
t k
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
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to
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lo
g
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o
f
th
e
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n
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ter
DC
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s
h
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i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
an
d
1
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,
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e
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u
tp
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t
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m
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ip
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er
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tical,
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g
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all)
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Me
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t
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ar
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e
(
k
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de
(
k
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an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
v
ar
iab
le
V
f
o
r
P
W
M
o
f
VSI
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
n
p
u
t
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Ou
tp
u
t
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
i
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
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I
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p
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Vo
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er
2
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5
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6
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p
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u
tp
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t
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iab
les.
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h
e
r
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g
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o
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v
ar
iat
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n
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o
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th
e
t
w
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e
s
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i
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ed
b
et
w
ee
n
[
–
1
1
]
.
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h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
u
les
f
o
r
t
h
is
F
L
C
co
n
tr
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ller
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s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
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T
ab
le
1
.
R
u
les f
o
r
F
L
C
I
n
p
u
t
s
NL
NM
NS
Z
PS
PM
PL
NL
PL
PL
PL
PL
Z
Z
Z
NM
PL
PL
PM
PM
Z
Z
Z
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PS
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PS
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NM
NL
NL
PL
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Z
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NL
NL
NL
NL
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
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N
A
ND
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
p
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ed
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m
o
d
el
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s
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m
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ted
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s
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s
i
m
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li
n
k
e
n
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ir
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n
m
en
t
b
y
m
atlab
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
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e
e
f
f
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o
f
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h
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p
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ed
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i
n
o
r
d
er
to
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s
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n
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t
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e
m
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atter
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V
p
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er
.
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es
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l
ts
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e
s
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o
w
n
i
n
n
ex
t
f
i
g
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r
es.
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h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
f
H
R
E
S is
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
P
l
=P
w
+P
pv
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bat
(
14
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s
i
s
s
o
lar
p
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er
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W
is
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
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is
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atter
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d
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t p
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em
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n
d
.
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et
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n
0
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d
1
.
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d
,
a
w
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s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
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w
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F
ig
u
r
e
1
1
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in
s
u
f
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icie
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a
w
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p
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er
as
s
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w
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i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
12
th
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
v
ar
y
b
et
w
ee
n
6
0
0
to
1
0
0
0
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/M
2
as
s
h
o
w
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n
Fi
g
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r
e
13
th
e
n
P
s_ma
x
eq
u
al
to
9
.
5
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
14
.
P
l
is
5
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
15
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e
P
H
RES
>
0
,
th
e
lo
a
d
is
s
u
p
p
lied
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n
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y
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y
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h
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s
o
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.
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h
er
e
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a
s
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r
p
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s
p
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er
b
et
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ee
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th
e
s
u
p
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l
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d
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e
m
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n
d
;
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e
n
th
e
b
atter
y
o
p
er
ates
in
ch
ar
g
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n
g
m
o
d
e
(
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OC
in
d
icat
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)
as s
h
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Fi
g
u
r
e
16
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
W
in
d
s
p
ee
d
Fig
u
r
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1
2
.
W
in
d
p
o
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er
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
So
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
So
lar
p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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m
p
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6
.
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atter
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et
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1
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5
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d
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4
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d
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e
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d
s
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ee
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ies
f
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m
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.
5
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m
/
s
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n
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s
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g
a
g
ai
n
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h
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w
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Fig
u
r
e
1
1
,
P
w
_max
is
7
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
I
n
th
is
p
er
io
d
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
tu
m
b
le
d
o
w
n
f
r
o
m
9
.
5
k
W
to
4
.
8
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
.
P
l
-
max
is
8
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e
P
HRES
is
s
u
p
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io
r
th
en
ze
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.
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h
e
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ad
s
u
p
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h
e
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V
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d
w
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n
d
s
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r
ce
s
,
t
h
er
e
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s
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r
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lu
s
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n
d
ag
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e
b
atter
y
is
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n
ch
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g
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n
g
m
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d
e.
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et
w
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n
6
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4
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d
8
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,
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o
lar
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n
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n
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e
to
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s
e
f
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m
2
4
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W
/M
2
a
s
s
h
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w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
g
en
er
ati
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g
n
o
p
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f
r
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m
P
V
p
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el
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
14.
P
L
is
5
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
5
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
batt
an
d
W
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
17.
Fro
m
8
to
9
.
7
s
ec
t
h
e
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
a
p
o
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n
t
w
h
er
e
n
o
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
is
r
ea
lized
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
all
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
8
k
W
is
ass
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
b
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
c
y
cle
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
17.
Fro
m
9
.
7
to
1
2
.
5
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
r
aise
ag
ain
to
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
3
7
0
k
W
/M
2
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
13
g
e
n
er
atin
g
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
s
a
n
d
Batt
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
18.
B
et
w
ee
n
1
2
.
5
an
d
1
5
s
ec
,
P
L
b
ec
am
e
3
k
W
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
,
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
an
d
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
co
n
tin
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
n
d
an
s
w
er
to
th
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
17
.
I
n
th
e
o
th
er
s
id
e
th
e
b
atter
y
,
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
le
s
s
to
l
ess
,
f
in
all
y
e
n
ter
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
c
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]
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.
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.
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,
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n
sy
s
tem
,
”
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n
2008
3
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[8
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.
A
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]
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d
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.
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a
n
,
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sy
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m
f
o
r
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u
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a
l
a
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a
s
,
”
i
n
2007
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C
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a
El
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0
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.
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u
,
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t
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l
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y
b
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1
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.
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