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elec
tr
o
n
ical
l
y
tu
n
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
tu
n
e
o
f
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
SID
O
f
il
ter
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
n
o
d
e
d
o
esn
’
t
ex
h
ib
it
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
s
o
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
b
u
f
f
er
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
-
in
p
u
t
f
o
u
r
-
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
-
m
o
d
e
f
ilter
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
3
]
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
VD
C
C
,
t
w
o
r
esis
to
r
s
an
d
t
w
o
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
ar
e
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
tu
n
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
tu
n
e
o
f
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
n
o
d
es
d
o
n
’
t
ex
h
ib
it
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
s
o
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
b
u
f
f
er
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
r
ec
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
-
le
s
s
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
f
i
lter
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
in
g
le
VDC
C
,
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
u
al
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
m
p
li
f
ier
,
a
s
i
n
g
le
r
esi
s
ter
a
n
d
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
a
cto
r
ar
e
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
tu
n
ed
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
at
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
n
o
d
e
ex
h
ib
it
s
lo
w
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
at
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
n
o
d
e
ex
h
ib
its
h
i
g
h
wh
ich
i
s
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
to
ca
s
ca
d
e
in
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
cir
cu
i
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
u
f
f
er
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
f
ilter
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
n
l
y
t
h
r
ee
f
ilter
r
esp
o
n
s
es
(
L
P
,
HP
an
d
B
P
)
.
A
ls
o
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
al
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
n
g
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
f
ilter
w
it
h
f
i
v
e
f
ilt
er
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
VD
C
C
,
a
s
i
n
g
le
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
r
esis
ter
an
d
t
wo
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
a
tu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
ar
e
elec
tr
o
n
ica
ll
y
t
u
n
ed
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
n
o
d
e
ex
h
ib
its
h
i
g
h
w
h
ich
is
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
to
ca
s
ca
d
e
i
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
cir
c
u
it
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
u
f
f
er
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
f
ilter
r
eq
u
ir
es th
e
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t te
r
m
in
a
ls
o
f
VD
C
C
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
i
n
p
u
t
s
in
g
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
e
m
p
h
a
s
izi
n
g
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
VDC
C
is
p
r
esen
t
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
in
g
le
VDC
C
,
o
n
e
r
esi
s
to
r
an
d
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
ch
ip
an
d
o
f
f
-
t
h
e
-
s
h
e
lf
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
.
T
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
ad
j
u
s
ted
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
ag
r
ee
w
ell
with
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RI
NCIP
L
E
O
F
O
P
E
RATI
O
N
2
.
1
.
Vo
lt
a
g
e
d
if
f
er
encing
c
urre
nt
c
o
nv
ey
o
r
(
VDCC
)
I
n
th
is
d
esi
g
n
,
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
b
u
i
ld
in
g
b
lo
c
k
(
A
B
B
)
ca
lled
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ci
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
v
e
y
o
r
(
VDCC
)
is
u
s
ed
a
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
a
ctiv
e
d
e
v
ice.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
C
MO
S
VD
C
C
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Fira
t
et
al
[
1
0
]
in
2
0
1
4
.
I
t
is
f
i
v
e
p
o
r
t
d
ev
ice
n
a
m
el
y
P
,
N,
Z
,
X
a
n
d
W
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
P
an
d
N.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
Z
an
d
W
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
t
is
X
p
o
r
t.
I
n
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
V
DC
C
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
W
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
n
eg
ati
v
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
ca
lled
W
n
an
d
W
p
p
o
r
ts
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
a
s
in
g
le
W
p
o
r
t
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
is
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
er
r
o
r
at
W
p
o
r
t
an
d
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
i
n
th
e
VDC
C
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
y
m
b
o
l
a
n
d
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
VDC
C
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
id
ea
l e
lectr
ica
l p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
VD
C
C
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
e
q
u
atio
n
(
1
)
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
N
P
P
N
Z
mm
Z
X
X
W
I
V
I
V
I
gg
V
V
I
I
=
−
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
g
m
is
th
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
g
ai
n
.
T
h
e
VDCC
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
a
v
ailab
le
I
C
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
c)
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
L
M1
3
7
0
0
[
2
6
]
an
d
A
D8
4
4
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
i
o
n
co
n
tain
s
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
s
in
g
le
w
ter
m
in
a
l.
T
h
e
g
m
f
o
r
th
is
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
is
g
i
v
en
a
s
2
B
m
T
I
g
V
=
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
I
B
is
DC
b
ias c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
V
T
is
th
er
m
al
v
o
ltag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
er
201
8
:
4
9
3
2
-
4
9
4
0
4934
N
P
Z
W
V
D
C
C
P
V
W
I
Z
I
z
V
P
I
N
I
N
V
X
I
X
X
V
B
I
V
D
C
C
I
w
V
x
V
z
g
m
(
V
P
-
V
N
)
V
P
V
N
I
x
1
I
B
I
x
L
M
1
3
7
0
0
A
D
8
4
4
(
)
m
P
N
g
V
V
−
P
V
N
V
Z
X
w
B
I
m
g
+
−
V
D
C
C
y
x
z
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
VDCC
(
a)
C
ir
c
u
it s
y
m
b
o
l o
f
VDC
C
(
b
)
E
q
u
iv
a
le
n
t
cir
cu
it
(
c)
VDCC
(
w
it
h
o
u
t th
e
d
u
al
W
ter
m
in
al)
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
ailab
le
I
C
s
2
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
f
ilte
r
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
i
n
g
l
e
VDCC
,
o
n
e
r
esis
to
r
an
d
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
,
i
i1
,
i
i2
an
d
i
i3
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
i
out
w
h
ic
h
ex
h
ib
its
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
at
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
u
tp
u
t
n
o
d
e.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
d
o
e
s
n
’
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
VDC
C
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ip
le
W
ter
m
i
n
al
s
u
n
li
k
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
m
o
d
e
f
i
lter
u
s
in
g
VD
C
C
a
s
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
ele
m
en
t
p
r
ese
n
te
d
in
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
th
e
VD
C
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0
0
0
N
P
P
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''
R
(
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Fro
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,
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r
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12
1
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z
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z
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C
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+
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
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6
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8
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3
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3
Y
(
a)
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b
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r
e
3
.
(
a)
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ar
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ic
ele
m
e
n
t
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r
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ter
m
in
a
ls
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b
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
w
it
h
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
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s
d
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e
b
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n
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e
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3
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0
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d
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4
4
P
S
P
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C
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m
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m
eter
s
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ir
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th
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u
n
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o
f
th
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p
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o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
VD
C
C
w
a
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
c)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
w
as
s
u
p
p
lied
w
it
h
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
±
5
VDC,
th
e
D
C
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
s
s
et
as
I
B
=
5
2
A
an
d
t
h
e
p
a
s
s
i
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
ch
o
s
en
as
R
=
1
k
Ω
an
d
C
1
=
C
2
=
1
n
F.
W
it
h
m
en
tio
n
ed
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
v
al
u
es,
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
e
q
u
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n
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4
)
ar
e
r
esp
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tiv
el
y
o
b
tain
ed
as
f
0
=
1
5
9
.
2
3
k
Hz,
Q
=
1
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
g
ai
n
f
o
r
L
P
,
H
P
,
B
P
an
d
B
R
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
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e
n
c
y
r
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n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
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ilter
w
ith
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en
tio
n
ed
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tiv
e
an
d
p
ass
i
v
e
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m
p
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n
e
n
t
v
al
u
es
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
1
5
4
.
8
8
k
Hz.
T
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
2
.
7
3
%.
T
h
is
d
ev
iatio
n
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
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m
t
h
e
v
o
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g
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u
r
r
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n
t
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NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
t
h
e
th
r
e
e
-
i
n
p
u
t
s
in
g
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
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t
-
m
o
d
e
f
ilter
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
u
s
es
o
n
l
y
s
in
g
le
VD
C
C
as
ac
ti
v
e
ele
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
n
a
tu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
tu
n
ed
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
b
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
VD
C
C
.
U
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
VD
C
C
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
ailab
le
I
C
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
f
f
-
t
h
e
-
s
h
el
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
l
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
T
iwa
ri
a
n
d
G
.
R.
M
ish
ra
,
“
A
n
o
v
ice
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
d
e
sig
n
i
n
g
CM
OS
b
a
se
d
sw
it
c
h
a
b
l
e
f
il
ters
f
o
r
A
S
P
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
4
-
1
3
6
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
S.
S
iri
p
o
n
g
d
e
e
a
n
d
W
.
Ja
ik
la,
“
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
f
il
ter
u
sin
g
si
n
g
le
c
o
m
m
e
rc
iall
y
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
IC:
L
T
1
2
2
8
,
”
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
S
h
a
n
g
h
a
i;
Ch
in
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
C.
T
o
u
m
a
z
o
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
lo
g
u
e
IC
d
e
sig
n
:
T
h
e
Cu
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
P
e
ter
P
e
re
g
rin
u
s,
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
U.K,
1
9
9
0
.
[4
]
R.
A
rsla
n
a
lp
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
w
o
lo
ss
y
in
teg
ra
to
r
lo
o
p
b
a
se
d
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
e
lec
tro
n
ica
ll
y
tu
n
a
b
le
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
f
il
ter
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
o
n
ly
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs,”
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
D.
Bio
lek
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
ti
v
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
a
n
a
lo
g
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
c
las
sif
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
re
v
iew
a
n
d
n
e
w
p
ro
p
o
sa
ls,”
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
17
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
-
3
2
,
2
0
0
8
.
[6
]
G
.
Ko
m
a
n
a
p
ll
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ne
w
re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
o
sc
il
lato
r
u
s
in
g
OT
R
A
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
5
-
1
8
2
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
J.
S
h
a
rm
a
a
n
d
S
.
Ch
a
k
ra
b
o
rty
,
“
M
OCCCD
TA
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
d
e
tu
n
a
b
le
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
b
iq
u
a
d
f
il
ter
f
o
r
b
l
u
e
to
o
th
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
9
-
1
5
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
W
.
Ja
ik
la,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
t
u
n
a
b
le
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
b
iq
u
a
d
f
il
ter
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
CCCD
TA
s
a
n
d
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
w
it
h
lo
w
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
h
ig
h
o
u
t
p
u
t
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
,
”
AE
U
-
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
67
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
5
-
1
0
0
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
W
.
Ja
ik
la,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
i
n
p
u
t
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
m
o
d
e
b
iq
u
a
d
f
il
ter
u
sin
g
V
D
-
DIBA
s,”
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
23
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
9
1
4
-
9
2
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
F
.
Ka
c
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
o
siti
v
e
/n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
lo
ss
y
/l
o
ss
les
s
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
sim
u
lato
rs
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
sin
g
le
V
DCC
a
n
d
o
n
ly
tw
o
p
a
ss
iv
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts,”
AEU
-
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
68
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
7
3
-
7
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
R.
S
o
tn
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
No
v
e
l
f
irst
-
o
rd
e
r
a
ll
-
p
a
ss
f
il
ter
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
z
-
c
o
p
y
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
c
in
g
c
u
r
re
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r,
”
In
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
u
re
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
53
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
5
3
7
-
5
4
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
D.
P
ra
sa
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
No
v
e
l
V
DCC
b
a
se
d
lo
w
-
p
a
ss
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
a
ss
lad
d
e
r
f
il
ters
,
”
1
2
th
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
E
n
e
rg
y
,
En
v
ir
o
n
me
n
t
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
,
C
o
n
tro
l:
(
E3
-
C3
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
A
.
Ka
rtci,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
p
o
ss
ib
il
it
ies
o
f
V
DCC
i
n
g
e
n
e
ra
l
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
e
lem
e
n
t
sim
u
lato
r
c
ircu
it
,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Circ
u
it
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
De
sig
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
A
.
Ka
rtci,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
tu
n
a
b
le
V
DCC
-
b
a
se
d
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r,
”
2
3
rd
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
2
4
7
4
-
2
4
7
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
A
.
Ka
rt
c
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
lo
a
ti
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
sim
u
lato
r
f
o
r
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
RC
c
o
l
p
it
ts
o
sc
il
lato
r
d
e
sig
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
p
p
l
ied
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
p
p
.
9
3
-
96
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
D.
P
r
a
sa
d
a
n
d
J.
A
h
m
a
d
,
“
Ne
w
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
-
c
o
n
tro
ll
a
b
le
l
o
ss
les
s
s
y
n
th
e
ti
c
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
in
d
u
c
tan
c
e
c
ircu
it
u
si
n
g
sin
g
le
V
DCC,”
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
R.
S
o
tn
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Z
-
c
o
p
y
c
o
n
tro
l
led
-
g
a
in
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
if
fe
re
n
c
in
g
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
a
se
d
a
d
ju
sta
b
le
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
46
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
-
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
er
201
8
:
4
9
3
2
-
4
9
4
0
4940
[1
8
]
D.
P
ra
sa
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ne
w
sin
g
le
V
DCC
-
b
a
se
d
e
x
p
li
c
it
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
S
RCO
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
ll
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
18
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
8
1
-
8
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
R.
S
o
t
n
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
p
le
CM
OS
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
if
fe
re
n
c
in
g
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
e
lec
tro
n
ica
ll
y
tu
n
a
b
le
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
r
e
o
sc
il
lato
r,
”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
52
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
6
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ra
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CC
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a
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p
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im
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ls,”
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v
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s in
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lec
trica
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d
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e
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tro
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ic E
n
g
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v
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l
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e
:
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(
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,
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]
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ra
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re
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lato
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ter
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A
p
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2
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.
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a
l.
,
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sig
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ter,”
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d
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J
o
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rn
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f
P
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Ap
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]
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.
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a
g
b
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s,
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t
a
l.
,
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e
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tro
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ica
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h
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ter
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,
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p
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5
.
[2
4
]
J.
Je
ra
b
e
k
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
Re
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
on
-
les
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tro
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ica
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c
o
n
f
ig
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r
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b
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w
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h
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le
g
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sin
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v
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lt
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g
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d
if
fe
re
n
c
in
g
c
u
rre
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t
c
o
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v
e
y
o
r,
”
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e
k
tro
n
ika
ir
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e
k
tro
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h
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ik
a
,
v
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l
/
issu
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:
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(
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)
,
p
p
.
3
9
-
4
5
,
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0
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6
.
[2
5
]
P
.
L
a
m
u
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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i
n
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le
V
DCC
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b
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se
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c
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rsa
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iq
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a
d
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ti
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f
il
te
r,
”
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
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lo
g
y
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n
d
E
l
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
:
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n
v
isio
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
T
re
n
d
o
f
Co
m
p
u
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n
fo
rm
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En
g
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e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
2
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
ti
.
c
o
m
/l
it
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s/sy
m
li
n
k
/l
m
1
3
7
0
0
.
p
d
f
[2
7
]
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
a
n
a
lo
g
.
c
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m
/
m
e
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n
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e
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h
n
ica
l
-
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
/d
a
ta
-
sh
e
e
ts/
A
D8
4
4
.
p
d
f
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