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s
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rticle
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n
d
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r th
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CC B
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li
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se
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C
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p
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ed
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l
-
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Dep
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ch
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lab
@
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a.
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u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sig
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co
m
p
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i
s
a
n
e
f
f
e
ctiv
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w
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y
to
ac
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e
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p
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s
[
1
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]
.
On
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s
[
4
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5
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.
Va
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p
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ticles
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6
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.
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r
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s
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itter
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lt
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ef
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n
t
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ap
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o
r
d
e
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er
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m
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h
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le
m
,
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d
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ai
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m
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le
m
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ted
o
n
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d
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la
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.
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u
n
n
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e
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o
m
ai
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m
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d
u
latio
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o
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ai
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g
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l.
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ai
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cr
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th
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T
h
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p
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ce
d
is
ca
lled
th
e
C
h
ir
p
let
s
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g
n
al
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
w
id
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p
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
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FP
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t
h
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t
s
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ch
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r
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ak
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it
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th
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s
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m
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T
h
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f
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w
in
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s
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tio
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d
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th
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m
p
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co
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an
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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(
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2.
I
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CO
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1
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.
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.
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
(
Δ
R
)
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as (
1
)
[
1
5
,
1
8
,
1
9
]
:
Δ
=
2
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
T
p
is
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
u
ls
es.
So
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
er
th
e
p
u
ls
e
g
i
v
es
a
b
etter
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
etter
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
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it
n
ee
d
ed
to
I
n
cr
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s
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
ea
k
p
o
w
er
,
w
h
ic
h
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt to
ac
h
ie
v
e
in
p
r
ac
ti
ce
b
y
n
ar
r
o
w
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
th
[
2
0
-
2
3
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ad
ar
s
y
s
te
m
(
a)
tar
g
ets ca
n
'
t b
e
d
etec
ted
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
,
(
b
)
tar
g
ets s
ep
ar
ated
u
s
i
n
g
n
ar
r
o
w
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
[
1
8
]
T
o
f
ix
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
p
u
ls
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
o
f
th
e
s
e
p
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ls
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i
s
th
e
lin
ea
r
FM
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
L
FM)
p
u
ls
e,
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
“
c
h
ir
p
”
s
ig
n
a
l
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
L
FM
s
i
g
n
al
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ti
m
e
i
s
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
as (
2
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
2
−
2
≤
≤
2
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
ir
p
s
i
g
n
a
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
1
2
0
-
2127
2122
w
h
er
e
P
(
t)
is
a
s
q
u
ar
e
p
u
ls
e
a
t
ti
m
e
t,
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
id
th
o
f
T
p
an
d
α
is
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
I
n
th
is
s
ig
n
al,
t
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
li
n
ea
r
l
y
with
t
i
m
e,
s
o
t
h
e
w
id
er
p
u
ls
e
w
ill
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
e
in
s
ta
n
tan
eo
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
is
s
i
g
n
al
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
(
t
)
an
d
B
,
as
(
3
)
:
(
)
=
1
2
(
2
)
=
,
=
(
3
)
A
t
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
,
th
e
p
u
l
s
e
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
t
o
s
ep
ar
ate
tar
g
ets
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
co
r
r
elatin
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
an
d
a
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
s
e
n
d
in
g
c
h
ir
p
s
ig
n
al
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
ir
p
s
i
g
n
a
l c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
[
2
4
]
Af
ter
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
,
ac
h
ie
v
ed
r
eso
lu
tio
n
w
ill b
e
as
(
4
)
.
Δ
=
2
(
4
)
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
t
h
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
as
(
5
)
.
∆
=
2
=
2
(
5
)
So
,
u
n
li
k
e
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
p
u
l
s
es (
1
)
,
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
s
b
etter
as th
e
p
u
l
s
e
g
et
s
w
id
er
[
2
6
-
32]
.
3.
CH
I
RP
L
E
T
S
I
G
NA
L
A
c
h
ir
p
let
is
a
w
i
n
d
o
w
ed
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
a
ch
ir
p
s
ig
n
al,
w
h
er
e
th
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e
lo
ca
lizatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
,
li
k
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
[
3
3
]
.
Si
g
n
al
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ca
n
f
o
llo
w
a
v
ar
i
et
y
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
Fo
r
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
ch
an
g
e
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
Si
n
e
-
Gau
s
s
ia
n
r
elatio
n
,
t
h
e
ch
ir
p
let
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
as th
e
(
6
)
:
(
)
=
(
)
e
xp
(
−
2
)
e
xp
(
2
)
−
2
≤
≤
2
∆
=
2
=
2
(
6
)
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
r
elatio
n
Q
is
th
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
alit
y
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
(
r
atio
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
t
o
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
)
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
C
h
ir
p
let
s
i
g
n
al
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
C
h
ir
p
let
s
ig
n
al
i
s
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
u
n
w
an
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
e
n
t
er
ed
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
ese
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
ca
u
s
e
b
y
r
esis
ti
v
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
als
ag
ain
s
t
s
u
d
d
en
ch
a
n
g
es
in
le
v
els,
lik
e
s
tep
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
h
ir
p
let
s
ig
n
a
l d
esig
n
b
y
F
P
G
A
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Ja
w
a
d
A
l
-
Du
ja
ili
)
2123
litt
le
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
s
id
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ch
ir
p
s
ig
n
a
l.
C
h
ir
p
let
o
m
its
t
h
ese
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
s
b
etter
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
s
h
ap
e
af
ter
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
a
p
o
in
t
tar
g
et.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
in
i
m
ag
in
g
r
ad
ar
s
li
k
e
s
y
n
th
e
tic
ap
er
tu
r
e
r
ad
ar
(
S
AR
)
,
h
i
g
h
er
q
u
alit
y
i
m
a
g
es
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
i
n
g
ch
ir
p
let
[
3
5
-
3
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sa
m
p
le
o
f
ch
ir
p
let
w
av
ef
o
r
m
[
3
4
]
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
is
f
u
ll
y
d
escr
ib
e
d
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
t
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al,
u
s
i
n
g
L
U
T
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
d
ig
ital
s
i
g
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
.
W
e
w
i
ll
f
ir
s
t
d
esc
r
ib
e
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
L
UT
s
ar
e
m
e
m
o
r
ies
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
w
e
w
a
n
t
to
g
e
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ate
ar
e
p
r
e
-
s
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ed
,
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d
in
t
h
e
FP
GA
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
v
al
u
es
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
ea
ch
clo
ck
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
its
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
a
y
,
w
e
f
ir
s
t
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
d
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ed
s
i
g
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al
i
n
d
i
f
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er
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
M
A
T
L
A
B
an
d
s
a
m
p
le
its
v
alu
e
s
.
W
e
th
e
n
s
to
r
e
th
e
s
e
s
a
m
p
les
i
n
t
h
e
L
UT
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
at
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ch
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g
e
t
h
e
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ig
n
al,
t
h
e
L
UT
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
e
-
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
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ch
ti
m
e.
An
o
th
er
w
a
y
i
s
to
g
e
n
er
at
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
s
.
I
n
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
w
e
s
t
o
r
e
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
i
g
n
a
l
in
t
h
e
L
UT
,
an
d
b
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
L
UT
m
e
m
o
r
y
ce
l
l
s
i
n
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
iter
atio
n
s
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ch
a
n
g
es
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
u
late
d
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
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ad
d
r
ess
co
u
n
ter
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lo
ck
.
T
h
is
b
l
o
ck
s
e
lects
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
o
v
er
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
g
e
n
er
atin
g
a
s
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g
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al
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
an
d
its
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
i
s
m
o
r
e
ch
al
len
g
e
s
in
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
esig
n
.
An
o
th
er
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
at
to
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
h
ap
e,
w
e
o
n
l
y
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ee
d
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
e
s
m
al
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
e
ed
to
d
esig
n
n
e
w
v
al
u
es
an
d
l
o
ad
o
n
L
UT
.
I
n
th
is
ar
ticle,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
e
th
o
d
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t b
lo
ck
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l.
Sen
d
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
is
a
r
ep
etitiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
w
ith
f
i
x
ed
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
als
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
l
s
es
o
f
a
r
ep
ea
tin
g
s
i
g
n
al
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
i
m
e
u
n
it,
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
p
u
l
s
es
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
i
s
ca
lled
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
e
r
ep
etitio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
P
R
F).
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
FP
GA
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
b
lo
ck
d
esig
n
th
at
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
ti
m
in
g
a
n
d
r
ep
ea
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
at
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
in
ter
v
a
ls
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
ec
t
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
th
is
d
esig
n
is
a
n
Up
-
C
o
u
n
t
er
.
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
p
er
clo
ck
.
T
h
is
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
tin
u
e
s
u
n
t
il
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
r
ea
ch
es
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
an
d
th
e
n
it
r
esets
to
ze
r
o
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t r
o
u
n
d
.
C
h
ir
p
let
s
ig
n
al
d
esi
g
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
a
ch
ir
p
s
i
g
n
al
w
it
h
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
ch
ir
p
s
i
g
n
a
l
ca
n
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
p
h
ase
ch
a
n
g
es
o
f
a
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e.
So
at
t
h
i
s
p
o
in
t,
w
e
n
ee
d
t
w
o
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
lo
c
k
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
p
h
as
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
l
o
ck
is
th
e
lib
r
ar
y
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
th
e
s
i
n
e
v
alu
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
este
d
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
F
P
GA
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
-
lev
el
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
g
eo
m
etr
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
est
w
a
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t t
h
ese
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
i
s
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
l
es
(
L
UT
)
.
L
UT
is
a
m
e
m
o
r
y
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
s
a
m
p
led
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
i
g
n
al
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
si
g
n
al
w
i
th
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
y
r
e
f
r
esh
in
g
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
at
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
ti
m
e
i
n
te
r
v
als
o
r
b
y
s
k
ip
p
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
ad
d
r
ess
e
s
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
to
r
ed
d
ata
in
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
o
n
l
y
h
a
lf
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
n
p
er
io
d
is
s
a
m
p
led
an
d
in
s
er
ted
in
to
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
al
f
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
i
g
n
al
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
h
a
lf
an
d
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
s
ig
n
is
d
i
f
f
er
en
t.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
L
UT
d
ata
o
n
ce
ca
lled
w
i
th
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
th
e
n
w
it
h
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
s
i
g
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
1
2
0
-
2127
2124
I
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
b
lo
ck
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
en
ab
le
s
ig
n
al
i
s
ac
ti
v
ated
,
th
e
b
u
ilt
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i
n
u
p
co
u
n
ter
s
tar
t
s
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
t
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
th
is
up
-
co
u
n
ter
is
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
w
r
itten
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
s
e
t
to
2
5
%,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
ad
ar
ch
ip
r
ate.
Th
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
a
m
p
l
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d
e
o
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t
h
e
ch
ir
p
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
t
it
to
C
h
ir
p
le
t.
Fo
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
s
ig
n
al
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
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s
m
en
tio
n
ed
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r
lier
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th
er
e
i
s
n
o
h
ig
h
-
le
v
el
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
s
ig
n
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
th
e
FP
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A
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
d
esire
d
s
i
g
n
al
is
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
M
A
T
L
A
B
an
d
s
i
m
ilar
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th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ar
t
t
h
e
d
esire
d
s
i
g
n
a
l is g
e
n
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ated
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o
g
en
er
ate
a
Gau
s
s
ia
n
s
i
g
n
al
,
th
e
b
lo
ck
r
ec
ei
v
e
a
n
ad
d
r
ess
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
0
2
3
an
d
th
e
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
am
p
litu
d
e.
Fo
r
ad
d
r
ess
g
en
er
atio
n
,
a
co
n
tr
o
l
b
l
o
ck
d
esig
n
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
a
r
is
in
g
co
u
n
ter
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
s
tep
,
th
e
t
w
o
g
e
n
er
ated
s
ig
n
al
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
m
i
x
er
b
lo
ck
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
ch
ir
p
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
9
-
b
it
(
8
b
it
+1
b
it
s
i
g
n
)
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
C
h
ir
p
let
s
ig
n
al
is
1
7
b
it
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
u
ltip
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tio
n
o
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t
w
o
8
-
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i
t
s
ig
n
al
s
an
d
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
o
n
e
b
it
s
ig
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
a
l
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
als
a
n
d
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
i
s
d
esig
n
is
as
Fig
u
r
es 5
an
d
6.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fin
al
o
u
tp
u
t si
g
n
als
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ov
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
b
lo
ck
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
al
g
o
r
ith
m
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
MA
T
L
A
B
a
n
d
I
SE
Xili
n
x
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
FP
GA
w
as
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
i
n
ea
c
h
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Sp
ar
tan
6
f
a
m
il
y
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it
h
th
e
s
p
ec
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f
ic
t
y
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e
o
f
x
c6
s
l
x
9
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
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lt
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
FP
GA
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
D
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l
a
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FF
L
U
T
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
2
.
5
4
n
s
91
94
[
3
9
]
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h
i
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p
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l
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s
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93
[
4
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[
4
1
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3
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5
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s
1
0
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T
h
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me
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h
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d
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h
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ter
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s
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th
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p
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ed
m
et
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d
r
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th
a
n
in
p
r
ev
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s
m
eth
o
d
s
is
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
to
t
h
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s
y
s
te
m
.
D
u
e
to
t
h
e
b
e
n
ef
i
ts
o
f
a
d
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n
ed
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te
m
,
s
u
ch
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s
b
etter
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er
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ce
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i
g
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etec
tio
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d
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m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
ig
n
a
l
q
u
alit
y
,
th
e
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
h
ir
p
let
s
ig
n
a
l d
esig
n
b
y
F
P
G
A
(
Mo
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mme
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2125
in
cr
e
m
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n
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ted
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o
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e
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o
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t
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i
m
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ar
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o
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ith
m
s
i
s
th
e
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te
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r
ated
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e
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e
r
atio
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SL
R
)
an
d
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h
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ea
k
s
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atio
(
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.
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h
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ea
s
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icate
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e
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ai
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in
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g
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r
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b
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,
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ir
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5
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o
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ican
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
L
e
e
,
V
.
Ko
o
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ch
a
n
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
d
e
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m
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o
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GA
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tro
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Res
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.
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0
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8
2
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3
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2
.
[2
]
K.
A
n
u
ra
j
a
n
d
S
.
P
o
o
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a
,
“
P
e
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a
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e
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n
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o
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h
m
s
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sin
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Ch
irp
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ig
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ter
n
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ti
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a
l
Co
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fer
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In
v
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n
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ive
Co
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n
T
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ies
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
7
.
[3
]
J.
A
.
F
in
ley
a
n
d
D.
L
.
W
o
o
d
e
ll
,
“
Ra
d
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m
a
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m
e
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,
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e
d
:
Go
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P
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ten
ts,
2
0
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1
.
[4
]
O.
P
.
P
a
s
q
u
e
ro
,
A
.
Hé
riq
u
e
,
a
n
d
W
.
Ko
fm
a
n
,
“
Ov
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m
p
led
p
u
lse
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m
p
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ss
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b
a
se
d
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si
g
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l
m
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:
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p
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CON
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/ro
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tt
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ra
d
a
r,
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T
ra
n
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c
ti
o
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o
sc
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d
Rem
o
te
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[5
]
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tt
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R.
L
a
n
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ri,
“
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y
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ti
c
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p
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rtu
re
ra
d
a
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p
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e
ss
in
g
,
”
CRC
p
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ss
,
2
0
1
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.
[6
]
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.
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o
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g
,
X
.
W
e
i,
X
.
L
i,
a
n
d
Y.
L
in
g
,
“
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
p
rin
c
ip
le
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
ja
m
m
in
g
a
g
a
in
st
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
L
F
M
ra
d
a
r,
”
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o
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rn
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l
o
f
sy
ste
ms
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n
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g
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n
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tro
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2
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.
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0
1
5
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0
0
0
0
8
.
[7
]
W
.
F
u
,
D.
Jia
n
g
,
Y.
S
u
,
R.
Qia
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ga
o
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
w
id
e
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a
n
d
d
ig
it
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sm
it
ti
n
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e
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m
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o
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r
b
a
se
d
o
n
L
F
M
w
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v
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f
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s,
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Pro
c
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l
.
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p
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t
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sp
r
.
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0
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6
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0
1
1
4
.
[8
]
V
.
N.
Re
d
d
y
,
V
.
L
a
v
a
n
y
a
,
a
n
d
B.
Kira
n
m
a
i,
“
Ra
d
a
r
P
u
lse
Co
m
p
re
ss
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n
W
a
v
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f
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r
m
G
e
n
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ra
ti
o
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F
P
GA
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p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
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i
-
M
a
n
a
g
e
r'
s
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Dig
it
a
l
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ig
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a
l
Pr
o
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ss
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g
,
v
o
l.
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,
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p
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0
1
9
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0
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2
6
6
3
4
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d
p
.
7
.
2
.
1
6
7
9
0
.
[9
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
X
.
C
h
e
n
,
H.
Xu
,
X
.
-
P
.
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a
n
g
,
a
n
d
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.
Qi,
“
F
a
st
A
c
c
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lera
ti
o
n
a
n
d
V
e
l
o
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it
y
Esti
m
a
ti
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f
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d
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Ra
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rs
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o
n
M
u
t
u
a
l
Bias
Co
rre
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ti
o
n
,
”
IE
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so
rs
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o
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rn
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l,
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o
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2
0
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o
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2
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3
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[1
0
]
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.
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u
,
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.
L
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L
i,
Y.
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
Y.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“
P
a
ra
m
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ter
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a
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m
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lt
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c
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m
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M
sig
n
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ls
b
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se
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it
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g
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Pr
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.
d
sp
.
2
0
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[1
1
]
Q.
G
u
o
,
F
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
P
.
Zh
o
u
,
a
n
d
S
.
P
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“
Du
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n
d
L
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n
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l
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ra
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ti
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l
f
re
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e
n
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y
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u
a
d
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l
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
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y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
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l.
2
9
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3
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[1
4
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d
J.
M
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,
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s
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5
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R.
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a
h
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z
a
,
“
In
tro
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c
ti
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t
o
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r
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ly
sis,
”
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n
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n
d
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l
l/
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2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
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ric
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u
r,
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-
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P
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rk
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
in
g
h
,
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p
p
ler
ra
d
a
r
p
h
y
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l
se
n
sin
g
,
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il
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y
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li
n
e
L
i
b
ra
ry
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
D.
K.
Ba
rto
n
,
“
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d
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r
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s f
o
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m
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e
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ra
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a
r,
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h
H
o
u
se
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
8
]
C.
G
.
Ro
m
e
ro
,
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Hig
h
Re
so
lu
ti
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n
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im
u
latio
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g
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g
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ig
it
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lco
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o
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a
lp
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ly.ed
u
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
9
]
C.
A
lab
a
ste
r,
“
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u
lse
d
o
p
p
ler rad
a
r,
”
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h
e
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st
it
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t
io
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f
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g
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y
,
2
0
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2
.
[2
0
]
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.
Ga
lati,
G
.
P
a
v
a
n
,
a
n
d
F
.
De
P
a
lo
,
“
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irp
sig
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ls
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n
d
n
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m
s
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sta
te
su
rv
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il
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ra
d
a
rs,
”
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ro
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,
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[2
1
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M
a
io
,
Y.
C.
El
d
a
r,
a
n
d
A.
M
.
Ha
im
o
v
ich
,
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d
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n
s
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r
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ig
n
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l
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ss
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g
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mb
rid
g
e
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ive
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it
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ss
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
J.
P
.
F
it
c
h
,
“
S
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ti
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rt
u
re
ra
d
a
r,
”
S
p
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n
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
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sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
L
.
A
n
it
o
ri,
A
.
M
a
lek
i,
M
.
Otten
,
R.
G
.
B
a
ra
n
iu
k
,
a
n
d
P
.
Ho
o
g
e
b
o
o
m
,
“
D
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sig
n
a
n
d
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n
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l
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o
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c
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m
p
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d
se
n
sin
g
ra
d
a
r
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tec
to
rs,
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IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
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[2
4
]
W
.
G
.
Ca
rr
a
ra
,
“
S
o
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t
sy
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th
e
ti
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p
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rtu
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ra
d
a
r,
”
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
Al
g
o
rith
ms
,
1
9
9
5
.
[2
5
]
I.
In
ty
a
s,
R.
Ha
s
a
n
a
h
,
M
.
R.
Hid
a
y
a
t,
B.
Ha
sa
n
a
h
,
A
.
B.
S
u
sk
m
o
n
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
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n
ir,
“
Im
p
ro
v
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m
e
n
t
o
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ra
d
a
r
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M
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m
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re
ss
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tec
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n
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e
,
”
In
ter
n
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ti
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l
Co
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6
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Z
a
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2
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[2
7
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D.
G
riff
it
h
s a
n
d
C.
J.
Ba
k
e
r,
“
An
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
p
a
ss
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e
ra
d
a
r,
”
Artec
h
Ho
u
se
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
8
]
B.
R.
M
a
h
a
f
z
a
,
“
Ra
d
a
r
sig
n
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis a
n
d
p
r
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c
e
ss
in
g
u
sin
g
M
A
TL
A
B,
”
CRC
Pre
ss
,
2016.
[2
9
]
A
.
A
u
b
r
y
,
A
.
De
M
a
io
,
Y.
Hu
a
n
g
,
M
.
P
iez
z
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
F
a
rin
a
,
“
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n
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ra
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sib
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tral
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o
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e
,
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IEE
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T
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ti
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ms
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3
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[3
0
]
H.
Yo
u
,
X.
Jia
n
j
u
a
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
X
in
,
“
Ra
d
a
r
d
a
ta p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
w
it
h
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
M
.
C.
B
u
d
g
e
a
n
d
S
.
R
.
G
e
r
m
a
n
,
“
Ba
sic
ra
d
a
r
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
”
Artec
h
Ho
u
se
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
2
]
R.
M
.
Ra
u
b
e
r
a
n
d
S
.
L
.
Ne
sb
it
t,
“
Ra
d
a
r
M
e
teo
ro
l
o
g
y
:
A
F
irst
Co
u
r
se
,
”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
3
]
Y.
L
u
,
E.
Or
u
k
lu
,
a
n
d
J.
S
a
n
ii
e
,
“
Ch
irp
let
sig
n
a
l
a
n
d
e
m
p
iri
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a
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ig
n
a
ls
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h
o
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e
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n
d
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
,
”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
ig
n
a
l
a
n
d
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fo
rm
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,
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4
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2
.
[3
4
]
S
.
M
o
h
a
p
a
tra,
Z.
Ne
m
tzo
w
,
É.
C
h
a
ss
a
n
d
e
-
M
o
tt
in
,
a
n
d
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.
Ca
d
o
n
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t
i,
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ly
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ro
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k
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e
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e
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o
u
rn
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l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
s:
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s,
v
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l.
3
6
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
5
]
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
B.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
L
.
X
u
,
“
Co
m
p
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sa
ti
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ig
h
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ra
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d
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h
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let
d
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c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
Ge
o
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
si
n
g
L
e
tt
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rs
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l.
1
3
,
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o
.
6
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p
.
7
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0
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2
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4
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4
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.
[3
6
]
G
.
Jin
,
X
.
G
a
o
,
X
.
L
i,
a
n
d
Y.
-
g
.
CHEN,
“
A
h
ig
h
v
e
lo
c
it
y
m
o
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
o
f
IS
A
R
e
c
h
o
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
h
irp
let
tra
n
sf
o
rm
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
As
tro
n
a
u
ti
c
s,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
4
-
1
8
4
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
7
]
G
.
Yu
a
n
d
Y.
Z
h
o
u
,
“
G
e
n
e
ra
l
li
n
e
a
r
c
h
irp
let
tran
sf
o
rm
,
”
M
e
c
h
a
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S
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ste
ms
a
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ig
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l
Pro
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e
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g
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v
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l.
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p
.
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5
8
-
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7
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,
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0
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6
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0
1
6
/
j
.
y
m
ss
p
.
2
0
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5
.
0
9
.
0
0
4
.
[3
8
]
Y.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
Jia
n
g
,
“
IS
AR
ima
g
in
g
f
o
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th
re
e
-
d
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
ro
tatio
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targ
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se
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p
ti
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Ch
irp
le
t
d
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m
p
o
siti
o
n
,
”
M
u
lt
i
d
ime
n
sio
n
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
a
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d
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ig
n
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l
Pro
c
e
ss
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g
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v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
5
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
9
]
H.
Ya
n
g
,
S
.
-
B
.
Ry
u
,
H.
-
C.
L
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e
,
S
.
-
G
.
L
e
e
,
S
.
-
S
.
Y
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
-
H.
Kim
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
DD
S
c
h
irp
sig
n
a
l
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
o
n
F
P
G
A
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
(
ICT
C),
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
9
5
6
-
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5
9
,
d
o
i
:
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0
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1
1
0
9
/ICT
C.
2
0
1
4
.
6
9
8
3
3
4
3
.
[4
0
]
R.
S
p
o
o
rth
i
“
F
P
G
A
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
L
in
e
a
r
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
M
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
(L
F
M
)
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
Ra
d
a
r,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Dig
it
a
l
In
te
g
ra
ted
Circ
u
it
s i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
De
v
ice
s,
v
o
l.
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
1
]
B.
D.
P
u
tera
,
E.
A
li
,
H.
W
ij
a
n
to
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
m
d
h
a
n
i,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
R
e
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
e
m
o
r
y
-
Ba
s
e
d
Ch
irp
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
o
n
S
y
n
th
e
ti
c
A
p
e
rtu
re
Ra
d
a
r
(S
A
R)
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
ts,
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
-
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
5
1
2
4
/j
m
e
c
s.
v
4
i1
.
1
6
9
5
.
[4
2
]
S
.
K.
Da
s,
“
S
y
n
th
e
ti
c
a
p
e
rtu
re
r
a
d
a
r
im
a
g
e
q
u
a
li
ty
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
”
d
iva
-
p
o
rta
l.
o
r
g
,
2
0
1
0
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
J
a
w
a
d
Al
-
Du
ja
il
i
Al
-
K
h
a
z
r
a
ji
a
w
a
rd
e
d
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Al
-
F
u
ra
t
A
l
-
Aw
sa
t
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l,
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
ja
f
,
Ira
q
in
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
F
e
rd
o
w
si
u
n
iv
e
rsity
,
Ira
n
,
in
2
0
1
8
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
sta
ff
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ku
f
a
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
sig
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
i
m
a
g
e
,
sp
e
e
c
h
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
ra
d
a
r
,
5
G
.
Em
a
il
:
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
.
c
h
a
ll
a
b
@u
o
k
u
f
a
.
e
d
u
.
iq
A
w
s
M
a
je
e
d
Al
-
A
w
a
d
i
A
ss
o
c
iat
e
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Re
g
u
lato
ry
A
u
th
o
rit
y
,
He
a
d
o
f
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
ff
a
irs
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
d
i
a
Co
m
m
issio
n
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
.
Em
a
il
:
A
.
m
a
je
e
d
@c
m
c
.
iq
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