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1
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2
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9
,
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
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th
e
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s
cill
ato
r
s
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ch
a
s
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cilla
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r
Har
tle
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lap
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r
m
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tr
o
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o
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cillato
r
an
d
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r
y
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tal
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
o
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cillato
r
[
5
,
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
tet
m
an
t
i
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
C
o
llp
its
o
s
c
illato
r
is
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
j
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticals
s
u
ch
as
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
also
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
s
u
c
h
as [
1
5
,
1
6
]
,
u
s
ed
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
.
f
o
=
√
o
f
C
o
llp
its
o
s
cillater
.
T
h
is
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atet
f
o
r
m
u
l
a,
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
am
b
i
g
u
it
y
an
d
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
r
es
u
lt
s
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
i
th
C
o
lp
itt
s
o
s
c
illato
r
b
as
ed
B
J
T
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
l
u
tio
n
,
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
Sectio
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
is
t
h
e
n
e
w
e
x
ac
t
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
o
=
√
√
o
f
C
o
llp
its
o
s
c
i
llato
r
h
as
b
ee
n
d
er
iv
eta
v
e
as
n
o
v
el
ex
ac
t
f
o
r
m
u
la.
T
h
is
n
e
w
ex
a
ct
f
o
r
m
u
la
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
an
d
u
s
e
d
in
th
is
p
ap
er
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
a
m
b
i
g
u
i
te
t
h
at
w
h
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th
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e
d
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f
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n
t
r
es
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lt
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r
b
etw
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n
t
h
eo
r
tical,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
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d
p
r
ac
tical
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
m
a
n
y
p
r
ese
n
t
ar
ticle
s
u
c
h
a
s
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
.
Sti
ll
u
s
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
n
at
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r
al
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
(
f
o
=
√
)
o
f
C
o
llp
its
o
s
cilla
to
r
as e
x
ac
t f
o
r
m
u
la.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
e
x
p
lai
n
ed
th
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
o
f
o
s
cil
lato
r
ar
e
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
at
lo
o
p
g
ain
(
A
B
)
eq
u
al
-
1
a
n
d
p
h
a
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co
n
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itio
n
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al
3
6
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o
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f
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A
=
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1
,
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icate
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i
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i
n
it
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h
i
s
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ea
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t
h
at
th
er
e
is
o
u
tp
u
t
w
it
h
o
u
t a
n
y
i
n
p
u
t [
2
0
]
.
A
F =
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
AF
:
clo
s
ed
lo
o
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g
ain
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T
h
e
to
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ase
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h
if
t
p
r
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d
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ce
d
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y
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ar
d
a
m
p
l
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ier
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)
an
d
th
e
p
h
a
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e
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
n
et
w
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r
k
(
B
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m
u
s
t
b
e
0
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o
r
3
6
0
o
.
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h
at
m
ea
n
t
h
e
f
o
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d
a
m
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li
f
ier
(
A
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p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
8
0
o
(
in
v
er
tin
g
)
,
th
e
B
g
iv
e
1
8
0
o
,
o
r
b
o
th
o
f
t
h
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m
s
h
o
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ld
g
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v
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er
o
p
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ase
s
h
i
f
t,
i.e
.
t
h
e
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
a
m
p
lif
ier
is
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
er
tin
g
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
d
esi
g
n
B
J
T
is
u
s
ed
a
s
n
p
n
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
itter
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n
v
er
ti
n
g
a
m
p
li
f
ier
w
ith
L
C
tan
k
in
p
o
s
itiv
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f
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d
b
ac
k
n
et
w
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r
k
.
A
l
s
o
th
e
v
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d
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v
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b
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n
g
i
s
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s
ed
to
o
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tain
co
r
r
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t
o
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atin
g
p
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t
in
o
r
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er
to
m
ak
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th
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tr
an
s
is
to
r
w
o
r
k
in
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eg
io
n
co
n
d
itio
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s
at
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s
f
ied
.
A
C
an
a
l
y
s
is
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f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
is
d
o
n
e
s
o
th
at
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
g
ain
an
d
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t c
a
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
o
s
cillatio
n
o
b
tain
ed
[
1
5
]
.
2
.
1
.
B
ia
s
ing
o
f
B
J
T
t
ra
ns
is
t
o
r
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
p
r
o
p
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s
in
g
o
f
tr
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s
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to
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th
at
u
s
ed
a
s
an
a
m
p
li
f
ier
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
b
iasi
n
g
o
f
th
e
B
J
T
lead
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
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co
r
r
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t
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m
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k
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p
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l.
T
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y
m
eth
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s
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f
tr
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n
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s
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ch
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s
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ix
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b
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s
,
v
o
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d
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,
e
m
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co
llecto
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b
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an
d
s
elf
-
b
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n
th
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s
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n
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d
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d
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m
et
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o
d
as
s
h
o
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n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
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s
e
it
h
a
s
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
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s
u
ch
a
s
g
o
o
d
s
tab
ilit
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,
t
h
e
a
m
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itu
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e
is
n
o
t
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
β
o
r
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s
to
r
s
a
n
d
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s
y
co
n
tr
o
l f
o
r
b
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n
g
c
u
r
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en
t.
Fro
m
th
eo
r
y
o
f
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
b
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n
g
r
esis
to
r
s
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
io
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
R
2
≤
(
2
)
I
b
1
> 10
I
B
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
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&
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,
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10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
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0
2
0
:
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170
162
Fig
u
r
e
1
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Fig
u
r
e
1
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th
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e
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tr
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n
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atin
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n
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r
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t
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e
d
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n
w
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ll
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o
t
w
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k
,
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o
t
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k
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p
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atin
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t
(
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n
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ac
ti
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n
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h
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F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
u
s
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g
t
h
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g
iv
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n
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les
o
f
s
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m
e
p
ar
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e
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it
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n
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n
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
n
p
n
B
J
T
ty
p
e
B
C
5
4
8
A
.
T
h
e
s
tep
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o
f
ca
lcu
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e
r
esi
s
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s
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f
t
h
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tr
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s
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is
d
o
n
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as f
o
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w
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f
r
o
m
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ata
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f
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C
5
4
8
A
,
it
is
g
i
v
e
n
th
at
:
VB
E
=
0
.
6
5
v
VC
E
=
0
.
5
v
(
h
f
e)
β
min
=
1
1
0
,
(
h
f
e)
β
m
a
x
=
2
2
0
VC
E
(
s
at)
=
0
.
6
v
f
T
=
1
0
0
MH
z
h
f
e
(
β
dc
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a
v
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e
=
√
=
√
156
Fro
m
(
2
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2
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R
E
/ 1
0
ass
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m
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k
Ω
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R
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R
2
1
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k
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I
b1
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b2
= I
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(
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L
et
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s
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n
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itio
n
th
at
I
b1
1
0
I
B
I
b1
=
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5
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Fro
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(
4
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(
5
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g
et
4
8
I
B
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I
b2
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6
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I
b2
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(
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I
B
R
E
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/ R
2
(
7
)
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6
5
v
f
r
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m
d
ata
s
h
ee
t
I
b2
=
=
0
.
1
6
3
+
3
9
I
B
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
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8
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Desig
n
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K
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mo
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163
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y
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b
.
(
8
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in
(
6
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4
8
I
B
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0
.
1
6
3
x
1
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3
-
3
9
I
B
= I
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4
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3
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1
6
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m
A
8
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1
6
3
m
A
I
B
=
0
.
0
2
0
4
m
A
,
I
B
=
2
0
.
4
µA
I
b1
=
4
8
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=
4
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x
2
0
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4
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=
0
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0
9
7
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m
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5
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3
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2
m
A
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y
ap
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n
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KV
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ase
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it o
f
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
o
th
at:
R
1
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(
9
)
=
=
R
1
=
8
.
3
2
3
k
Ω
kΩ
A
p
p
l
y
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g
KV
L
o
n
co
llecto
r
cir
cu
it o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
o
th
at:
VC
E
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Vcc
–
I
c
(
R
c
+
R
E
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VC
E
=
3
.
5
v
3
.
5
=
1
2
–
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B
(
R
c
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R
E
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βI
B
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R
c
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R
E
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=
1
2
-
3
.
5
1
5
6
x
0
.
0
2
0
4
x
1
0
-
3
(
R
c
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1
k
Ω
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=
1
2
–
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5
3
.
1
8
2
4
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3
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1
8
2
4
R
c
x
1
0
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3
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5
3
.
1
8
2
4
R
c
x
1
0
-
3
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8
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5
-
3
.
1
8
2
4
=
5
.
3
1
7
6
R
c
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=
1
.
6
7
0
9
k
Ω
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
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lete
cir
cu
it
o
f
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r
o
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o
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al
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esig
n
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r
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Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
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h
is
cir
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it
co
n
t
ain
b
iasi
n
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
R
1
,
R
2
,
R
c
an
d
R
E
)
also
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
s
u
ch
as
C
s
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C
c
f
o
r
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u
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lin
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e
u
s
e
d
w
it
h
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esis
ta
n
ce
R
E
to
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et
a
m
p
li
f
y
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g
e.
L
C
tan
k
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
o
s
cillati
o
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l c
ir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
2
.
2
.
AC
equiv
a
lent
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uit
o
f
t
he
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ig
n
T
o
o
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tain
th
e
a
m
p
l
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n
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a
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o
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tr
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ic
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ir
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it
o
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th
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r
o
p
o
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ed
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esig
n
,
t
h
at
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n
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e
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to
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er
if
y
t
h
e
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ar
k
h
a
u
s
e
n
cr
iter
ia.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ac
s
m
all
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ig
n
al
eq
u
i
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it
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o
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e
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iag
r
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m
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i
n
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g
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r
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2
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I
t
is
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n
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s
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ig
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en
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y
eq
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iv
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n
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cir
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i
t
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e
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s
e
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is
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s
ed
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lcu
late,
t
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
itter
B
J
T
am
p
lif
ier
[
1
6
,
22
,
23
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
160
-
170
164
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
o
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
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u
i
v
alen
t c
ir
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it
I
B
0
.
0
2
0
4
m
A
̅
=
, I
E
=
(
h
f
e
+
1
)
I
B
=
3
.
2
m
A
W
h
er
e:
̅
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t a
c
r
esis
tan
ce
̅
=
=
8
.
1
2
5
Ω
h
ie
=
h
f
e
̅
=1
5
6
x
8
.
1
2
5
1
.
2
6
8
KΩ
R
B
=
=
2
.
7
0
9
6
K
Ω
2
.
7
1
KΩ
R
in
= R
B
//
h
ie
=
2
.
7
1
KΩ
// 1
.
2
6
8
KΩ
=
0
.
8
3
6
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Av
=
=
(
-
h
f
e
i
b
R
C
/ i
b
R
in
)
=
=
-
2
8
9
.
2
2
-
289
|
A
|
=
|
Av
|
=
2
8
9
|
B
A
|
=
1
|
B
|
=
=
0
.
0
0
4
2
.
3
.
F
ee
db
a
c
k
t
ec
hn
iq
ues
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
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er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
th
e
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
o
s
cillatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
cir
c
u
it
w
o
r
k
a
s
o
s
cillato
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
t
h
at
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
I
t
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lear
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at
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
e
s
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gn
o
u
tlin
e
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
u
s
ed
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o
s
itiv
e
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
B
ar
k
h
au
s
en
,
t
h
at
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
b
et
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n
i
n
p
u
t
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d
o
u
tp
u
t
m
u
s
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e
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r
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o
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eg
r
ee
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s
k
n
o
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n
f
ac
t
t
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at
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e
o
s
cillato
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a
d
e
v
ice
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
to
A
C
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
esire
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
S
o
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
o
p
g
a
in
A
B
m
u
s
t
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e
g
r
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ter
th
a
n
o
n
e
s
lig
h
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y
.
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n
t
h
is
d
esi
g
n
t
h
e
g
ain
A
v
(
v
o
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g
e
g
ai
n
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is
ca
lcu
lated
in
Sectio
n
2
.
2
as
A
=
R
c
/ R
in
f
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
i
tter
B
J
T
am
p
l
if
ier
.
2
.
3
.
1
.
L
C
t
a
nk
L
C
tan
k
is
u
s
ed
as
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
n
et
w
o
r
k
cir
c
u
it
i
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
ac
to
r
(
B
)
,
w
h
ich
o
b
tain
f
r
o
m
L
C
tan
k
cir
c
u
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
B
ar
k
h
a
u
s
e
n
f
o
r
o
s
cillatio
n
,
t
h
er
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t a
r
e
th
e
lo
o
p
g
ain
m
u
s
t b
e
e
q
u
al
o
n
e
as
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
|
A
B
|
=
1
B
u
t A
h
as b
ee
n
ca
lcu
lated
i
n
S
ec
tio
n
2
.
2
as
|
A
|
=
2
8
9
|
B
|
=
0
.
0
0
4
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
L
C
tan
k
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
o
s
iti
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
t
h
is
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c
u
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
as
r
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ta
n
ce
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t r
eso
n
an
ce
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d
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i
m
p
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a
n
ce
as i
n
f
in
i
t
y
o
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ts
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e
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
1
an
d
2
o
f
th
e
L
C
ta
n
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
Desig
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h
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165
Fig
u
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L
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it
2
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3
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u
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ig
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r
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u
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h
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)
(
1
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t r
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o
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,
w
o
=
√
f
o
=
√
=
√
√
(
1
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
160
-
170
166
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
L
C
cir
c
u
it a
t r
eso
n
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
in
g
[
2
4
,
2
5
].
E
ith
er
Q
f
=
o
r
Q
f
=
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h
e
(
1
2
)
ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
as
f
o
llo
w
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n
g
f
o
=
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√
(
1
3
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1
4
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r
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f
=
(
1
5
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T
h
en
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y
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b
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1
4
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d
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1
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1
3
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o
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ac
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o
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la
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n
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e
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r
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en
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y
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f
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s
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f
o
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(
1
6
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W
h
er
e
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f
o
: r
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n
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ce
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r
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en
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T
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q
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t c
ap
ac
ito
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o
f
C
1
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C
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ad
L
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d
u
cta
n
ce
i
n
Hen
r
y
Q
f
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u
alit
y
f
ac
to
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I
f
Q
f
1
0
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e
(
1
6
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f
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ac
t
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o
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
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en
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y
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n
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e
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e
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as
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
te
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
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e
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o
n
an
c
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
(
f
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as f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
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f
o
=
√
(
1
7
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T
h
e
(
1
6
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ex
ac
t
e
x
p
r
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n
o
f
r
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ce
f
r
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e
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c
y
o
f
L
C
tan
k
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it
w
it
h
t
h
e
lo
ad
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g
ef
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ec
t.
I
n
(
1
7
)
,
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
f
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is
tak
e
n
as
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er
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h
i
g
h
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al
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s
e
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h
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f
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o
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lecte
d
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ter
m
is
eq
u
al
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
o
n
e
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(Q
2
f
-
1
/ Q
2
f
)
0.
5
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t c
a
n
’
t b
e
n
eg
lec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
B
J
T
am
p
li
f
ier
i
s
s
m
all.
So
t
h
at
th
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
f
)
b
ec
o
m
e
less
th
a
n
1
0
.
i.e
t
h
e
ter
m
(
(Q
2
f
–
1
)
/ Q
2
f
)
0.
5
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
i
n
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
s
tak
en
as
in
(
1
6
)
s
o
th
at
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
s
m
all
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
v
al
u
e
as i
n
(
1
7
)
.
2
.
3
.
3
.
F
ee
db
a
ck
f
a
ct
o
r
(
B
)
As
i
n
d
icate
in
Sectio
n
2
.
3
.
1
t
h
at
L
C
tan
k
i
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
cir
c
u
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
f
er
to
th
e
L
C
ta
n
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ca
p
a
cito
r
C
c.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
(
V
o
)
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
i
s
cr
ea
ted
at
C
2
o
f
th
e
L
C
tan
k
cir
cu
it.
A
ls
o
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
cr
ea
ted
at
C
1
o
f
t
h
e
L
C
ta
n
k
cir
c
u
it,
an
d
h
ad
b
ee
n
g
o
n
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
cir
cu
it
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
s
.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
is
less
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
s
o
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
2
m
u
s
t
b
e
less
t
h
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
o
f
C
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
s
imu
la
tio
n
o
f h
ig
h
fr
eq
u
en
cy
co
lp
itts
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s
cilla
to
r
b
a
s
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o
n
B
JT
a
m
p
lifi
er
(
K
h
a
lid
A
.
Hu
mo
o
d
)
167
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e:
B
=
=
=
=
|
B
|
=
,
|
A
|
=
T
h
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
s
i
g
n
m
ea
n
t
h
at
t
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er
e
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o
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eg
r
ee
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th
e
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ito
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s
C
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d
C
2
ar
e
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n
ec
ted
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ce
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ter
tap
as
s
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i
n
F
i
g
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r
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i
f
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i
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1
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eg
r
ee
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T
h
er
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o
r
e,
th
e
to
tal
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
is
eq
u
al
3
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
[
(
1
8
0
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
it
ter
B
J
T
)
an
d
1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
th
e
ce
n
ter
tap
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
L
C
tan
k
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
s
tate
m
en
t
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
A
,
B
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
a
m
p
litu
d
e
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
it
s
v
al
u
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
r
atio
o
f
C
1
/
C
2
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
f
o
r
w
ar
d
g
ai
n
(
A
)
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
ac
to
r
(
B
)
w
i
th
k
ee
p
t
h
at
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
1
m
u
s
t
b
e
lar
g
er
t
h
an
C
2
b
y
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
f
ac
to
r
.
Kee
p
in
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
L
a
s
lo
w
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
l
i
m
i
tatio
n
a
s
w
ell
as
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
h
ig
h
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
to
g
e
t
g
o
o
d
a
m
p
li
f
ica
tio
n
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
as
i
n
d
icate
d
i
n
Sectio
n
2
.
2
th
at
A
=
-
h
f
e
(
R
C
/ R
in
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
cir
cu
it d
i
ag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
D
E
S
I
G
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
d
esig
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
C
o
lp
itts
o
s
cillato
r
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
s
is
t
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
itter
B
J
T
am
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
L
C
tan
k
as
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
s
i
m
u
lat
ed
u
s
in
g
m
u
lti
s
i
m
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esi
g
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
I
t
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
in
Sec
tio
n
2
w
it
h
all
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
en
it
is
s
i
m
u
la
t
ed
u
s
in
g
m
u
lti
s
i
m
1
3
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
is
s
im
u
lated
to
ca
lcu
late
T
ab
le
(
1
)
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
v
al
u
es
o
f
C
1
,
C
2
,
L
a
n
d
B
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
g
ain
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
i
tter
B
J
T
am
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
v
o
lta
g
es
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
as
d
ec
id
ed
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
C
1
,
C
2
an
d
L
w
it
h
li
m
itat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
Av
&
B
.
I
t
is
clea
r
t
h
at
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
th
at
th
e
s
e
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
a
t
ca
lcu
lated
in
Sec
tio
n
2
.
2
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
v
alu
e
s
ca
lcu
lated
in
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
w
h
ich
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
m
u
la.
A
ls
o
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
e
m
itte
r
B
J
T
am
p
lifie
r
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
is
s
m
all
a
n
d
th
is
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
f
)
to
b
ec
o
m
e
v
er
y
s
m
aller
t
h
an
1
0
s
o
th
at
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
(
1
6
)
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
r
es
o
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
all
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
t
h
an
th
a
t
o
b
tain
ea
r
l
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
en
t
s
t
h
es
e
ef
f
ec
t
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
s
cillat
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
4
.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
m
u
lat
ed
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
C
o
lp
itts
o
s
cilla
to
r
cir
cu
it
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
o
f
s
i
m
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
als
a
n
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
r
elate
d
v
ar
iab
le
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
1
,C
2
,
L
,
an
d
B
f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
C
o
lp
itts
o
s
cillato
r
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
c,
C
s
ar
e
0
.
1
n
f
f
o
r
ea
ch
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
160
-
170
168
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
E
eq
u
al
to
0
.
5
µf
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
m
u
lated
v
o
lta
g
e
s
i
g
n
al.
I
t
i
s
clea
r
th
at
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
a
cc
ep
tab
le
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
r
esu
l
ts
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
v
al
u
e
is
s
m
al
l.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
m
ak
e
th
e
d
es
ig
n
to
b
e
n
ea
r
to
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p
tab
le
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d
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m
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le
m
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ted
p
r
a
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y
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t
is
clea
r
th
at
f
r
o
m
th
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lt
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n
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icate
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ab
o
v
e
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
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er
en
t
v
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s
o
f
f
r
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e
n
cies
o
f
o
u
tp
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v
o
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e
s
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g
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al,
w
h
ich
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s
i
m
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o
r
d
if
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er
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t
v
ar
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f
C
1
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d
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ith
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at
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e
t
h
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etica
l c
alcu
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ch
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te
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im
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w
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t
h
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s
s
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m
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g
q
u
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f
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is
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ig
h
s
o
t
h
at
al
l
ca
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o
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d
in
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n
a
n
ce
f
r
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en
c
y
ar
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o
n
e
u
s
in
g
(
1
7
)
.
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n
th
i
s
eq
u
atio
n
t
h
e
ter
m
(
(Q
2
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–
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)
/
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0.
5
is
n
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lecte
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So
th
at
th
e
r
ea
l
r
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lts
ca
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b
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o
b
tain
if
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
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ar
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o
n
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u
s
i
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g
(
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)
.
So
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
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lt
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h
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h
o
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r
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m
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ce
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h
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m
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m
e
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a
n
th
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t
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ca
lc
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s
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h
er
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o
r
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
v
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lu
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s
o
f
th
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e
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t
v
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s
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als
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ig
n
i
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ica
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tl
y
s
m
al
ler
th
a
n
th
at
t
h
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r
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c
alcu
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As
s
h
o
w
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Fi
g
u
r
e
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lt
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ce
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r
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en
c
y
o
f
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tp
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t
v
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s
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g
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al
o
f
t
h
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in
a
l
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7
4
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if
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Kh
a
li
d
A
wa
a
d
Hu
m
o
o
d
,
A
d
h
a
m
Ha
d
i
S
a
leh
,
W
u
ro
d
Qa
sim
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Op
-
Am
p
-
RC S
in
e
W
a
v
e
Os
c
il
lato
r
,”
Diy
a
la
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
0
8
,
n
o
.
0
1
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
0
1
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
Kh
a
li
d
A
wa
a
d
Hu
m
o
o
d
,
A
d
h
a
m
Ha
d
i
S
a
leh
,
W
u
ro
d
Qa
sim
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
Op
-
Am
p
-
RC
S
in
e
W
a
v
e
Os
c
il
lato
r
,”
Bu
lg
a
ria
n
jo
u
r
n
a
l
fo
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
sig
n
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
Ju
li
u
s
Ha
n
L
o
o
n
g
T
e
o
,
N
o
o
r
A
li
a
No
r
Ha
sh
im
,
A
z
ru
l
G
h
a
z
a
li
,
F
a
rz
e
n
a
Az
lee
Ha
m
id
,
“
Rin
g
Os
c
i
ll
a
to
r
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Un
c
lo
n
a
b
le
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
Ri
n
g
Os
c
il
lato
r
P
a
irs
f
o
r
M
o
re
Ch
a
l
len
g
e
-
Re
sp
o
n
se
-
P
a
ir
s
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
in
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
9
2
-
9
0
1
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
No
o
r
A
li
a
n
o
r
Ha
sh
im
,
Ju
li
u
s
Teo
Ha
n
L
o
o
n
g
,
A
z
ru
l
G
h
a
z
a
li
,
F
a
rz
e
n
a
A
z
lee
Ha
m
id
,
“
M
e
m
rist
o
r
Ba
se
d
Rin
g
Os
c
il
lato
rs
T
ru
e
Ra
n
d
o
m
Nu
m
b
e
r
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
w
it
h
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
W
in
d
o
w
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
Cr
y
p
to
g
ra
p
h
y
,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
in
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
-
2
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
Kh
a
li
d
Aw
a
a
d
Hu
m
o
o
d
,
W
u
ro
d
Qa
si
m
a
n
d
F
a
ra
h
Ha
m
m
e
d
,
“
D
e
sig
n
A
n
a
lo
g
RC
-
Ac
ti
v
e
2
n
d
-
Ord
e
r
A
u
d
io
L
o
w
P
a
ss
F
il
ter
(L
P
F
)
,”
F
irst
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
–
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Di
y
a
la
,
p
p
.
4
8
5
-
4
9
8
,
De
c
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
Ay
o
u
b
M
a
lk
i,
L
a
rb
i
El
A
b
d
e
ll
a
o
u
i,
Ja
m
a
l
Zb
it
o
u
,
A
.
Err
k
ik
,
A
.
Tajm
o
u
a
ti
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
L
a
tra
c
h
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
De
si
g
n
o
f
V
o
l
tag
e
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Os
c
il
lato
r
b
y
Us
in
g
th
e
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
Ne
g
a
ti
v
e
Re
sista
n
c
e
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
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[7
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Da
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rd
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s.),
“
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[8
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D.
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d
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2
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.
[9
]
Na
m
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ter
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l.
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[1
0
]
Ka
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ter
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.
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