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.
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tai
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ata
w
it
h
i
n
a
p
r
o
p
e
r
tim
e
f
r
a
m
e
e
v
en
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
I
o
T
o
r
an
y
o
th
er
p
ar
ad
ig
m
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
an
d
ce
r
tain
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
en
titi
es
th
at
ar
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
,
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
A
s
f
o
r
th
e
clo
u
d
,
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
ar
e
at
t
h
e
ed
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
h
an
d
li
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
cr
ea
te
d
b
y
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
t
h
ese
s
er
v
ic
es a
t th
e
ed
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
lea
d
to
n
e
w
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
m
o
d
els
a
n
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
p
er
ato
r
s
'
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
[
6
]
.
Fo
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
d
-
u
s
er
s
i
n
d
ata,
s
to
r
ag
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices.
I
ts
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
to
en
d
-
u
s
er
s
,
its
d
en
s
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
its
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
ch
ar
a
c
ter
is
tic
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
Fo
g
.
Ser
v
ices
ar
e
h
o
s
ted
o
n
th
e
ed
g
e
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
r
ev
en
o
n
en
d
d
ev
ice
s
lik
e
s
et
-
to
p
b
o
x
es o
r
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
ts
.
I
t
w
ill
al
l
o
w
t
h
e
I
o
T
to
s
o
lv
e
is
s
u
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
er
v
ice
laten
c
y
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
Qo
S.
T
h
e
f
o
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
u
ited
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
b
i
g
-
d
ata
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
an
al
y
s
is
d
u
e
to
its
w
id
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Fo
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
d
en
s
e
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
o
in
ts
an
d
t
h
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
m
en
t
io
n
ed
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
lu
m
e
v
ar
iet
y
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
w
it
h
a
f
o
u
r
th
a
x
i
s
.
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
d
ef
in
e
d
as
a
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ata
v
ia
tr
a
n
s
ce
i
v
er
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
w
ir
es,
v
e
h
icle
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
o
r
an
y
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ic
e
s
s
o
th
at
d
ev
ices
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
n
e
w
-
g
en
er
atio
n
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
(
C
C
)
,
I
o
T
,
bi
g
d
ata
an
al
y
tics
(
B
D
A
)
,
ar
tif
icial
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
,
C
y
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
te
m
(
C
P
S),
an
d
o
th
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
lead
s
to
w
a
r
d
s
a
r
is
e
in
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ice
co
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ea
tio
n
i
n
2
0
2
5
[
8
]
.
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
d
ata
t
h
at
ex
ten
d
ed
to
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
et
[
9
]
.
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
i
n
ter
n
et
-
b
ased
an
d
allo
w
s
s
h
ar
ed
co
m
p
u
ter
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
a
s
s
to
r
ag
e,
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
d
ata
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
ap
p
s
,
etc.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ter
o
f
f
er
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
i
n
ter
f
ac
e,
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
s
to
r
ag
e,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
d
ata,
etc.
T
h
e
I
o
T
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
u
n
a
n
ticip
ated
q
u
an
titi
e
s
a
n
d
v
ar
ieties
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
alo
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t
h
an
d
le
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
o
f
d
ata,
d
ev
ices
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
A
s
th
e
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
ea
s
y
a
n
d
ch
ea
p
ac
ce
s
s
to
,
s
av
e,
an
d
ev
en
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
s
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
er
v
ices c
a
n
lead
t
o
d
elay
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
n
d
ev
ices a
n
d
d
ata
f
ar
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
a
ce
n
tr
al
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
o
r
d
ata
ce
n
tr
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ca
n
h
el
p
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
s
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
b
y
r
eso
lv
i
n
g
th
e
to
tal
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
late
n
c
y
an
d
in
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
Qo
S.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
e
x
p
an
d
s
t
h
e
clo
u
d
to
d
ev
i
ce
s
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
I
o
T
d
ata
an
d
ac
tin
g
o
n
it.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
n
clu
d
es
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
ele
m
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
clo
u
d
an
d
ed
g
e
d
ev
ice
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
la
y
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
[
10
]
.
T
h
e
lay
er
t
h
at
clo
s
est
to
th
e
en
d
cu
s
to
m
er
an
d
p
h
y
s
ica
l
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ca
lle
d
ed
g
e
lay
er
.
E
d
g
e
lay
er
co
n
t
ain
s
m
an
y
t
y
p
es
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
of
th
e
ed
g
e
w
as
ar
r
an
g
ed
to
t
h
e
f
o
g
la
y
er
.
Fo
g
la
y
er
g
en
er
al
l
y
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
s
w
i
tch
e
s
,
g
ate
w
a
y
,
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
o
f
la
y
er
s
in
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
1
8
1
2
-
1822
1814
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
a
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
w
h
o
le
I
o
T
s
y
s
te
m
[
11
]
.
T
h
e
en
d
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
ac
t
u
ato
r
s
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
lo
ca
ted
in
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
la
y
er
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
g
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
w
ill
s
tr
ea
m
th
e
d
ata
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
th
a
t
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
eir
f
u
n
ct
io
n
alit
y
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
la
y
er
’s
f
o
r
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
is
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
n
et
w
o
r
k
en
g
a
g
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
ed
g
e
d
ev
ice
s
u
c
h
as
g
ate
w
a
y
s
.
A
t
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
ac
t
as
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
er
v
ices
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
s
tate
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
co
m
i
n
g
ta
s
k
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
A
P
I
s
to
b
u
ild
co
m
p
le
x
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
alities
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
f
o
r
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
is
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
r
clien
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
C
lo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
,
m
a
in
tai
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
allo
ca
tin
g
d
ev
ice
an
d
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
r
eso
u
r
c
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
er
v
ices
r
eq
u
ested
.
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
i
n
d
ata
ce
n
tr
es,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
ar
e
a
s
in
g
le
f
a
u
lt
p
o
in
t
an
d
p
o
ten
tiall
y
a
v
al
u
e
co
n
tai
n
er
,
r
el
y
o
n
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
12
]
.
Or
ch
estra
tio
n
m
ea
n
s
a
n
a
u
to
m
ated
ce
n
tr
al
ized
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
ic
h
m
an
a
g
e
s
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
o
r
s
er
v
ices.
Or
ch
estra
tio
n
also
u
s
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
f
ac
ili
ties
.
W
h
ile
o
th
er
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
clo
u
d
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
v
ar
io
u
s
o
r
ch
es
tr
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
f
o
g
h
as
u
n
iq
u
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
al
e
x
is
te
n
ce
,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
it
s
d
ev
ice
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
[
13
]
.
Or
ch
estra
tio
n
is
a
cr
u
cial
ter
m
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
an
d
f
ac
ili
ties
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
i
n
b
o
th
t
h
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
I
o
T
an
d
f
o
g
-
b
ased
I
o
T
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Du
e
to
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
s
u
c
h
as
h
e
ter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
d
ev
ices
a
n
d
th
e
ir
li
m
iti
n
g
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
is
ea
s
il
y
j
u
s
ti
f
iab
le
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
I
o
T
f
o
g
.
An
o
r
ch
es
tr
atio
n
h
elp
s
to
ad
ap
t
m
a
n
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
li
m
it
atio
n
s
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
14
]
.
Net
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
n
ab
les
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
a
w
i
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
d
ev
ices
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
es,
tab
lets
,
T
Vs,
s
er
v
er
s
,
m
icr
o
p
h
o
n
e
s
,
lig
h
ti
n
g
a
n
d
o
th
er
ap
p
lian
ce
s
.
B
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
d
ata
t
r
af
f
ic
lo
ad
f
r
o
m
W
SN,
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
c
h
a
n
ce
to
m
a
in
ta
in
Qo
S c
a
n
b
e
m
i
n
i
m
ized
[
15
]
.
2.
O
RCH
E
S
T
RA
T
I
O
N
CH
A
L
L
E
N
G
E
S
F
O
R
I
o
T
AP
P
L
I
C
AT
I
O
N
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
b
r
in
g
s
c
h
alle
n
g
es
at
m
a
n
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
le
v
els.
B
y
lo
o
k
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
a
b
r
o
ad
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ch
a
llen
g
i
n
g
i
s
s
u
es
is
th
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
ele
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
clo
u
d
lets
an
d
h
a
n
d
le
tas
k
s
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
,
f
o
g
a
n
d
clo
u
d
e
m
b
r
ac
e
a
co
m
p
lex
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
er
ei
n
s
o
m
e
ca
s
e
it
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
to
m
i
g
r
ate
o
r
ap
p
ly
w
ell
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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&
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o
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I
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A
r
ev
iew
o
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ch
estr
a
tio
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tr
ib
u
ted
s
ystems
fo
r
I
o
T
s
ma
r
t ser
vice
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in
...
(
N
o
r
S
ya
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w
a
n
i Mo
h
d
P
a
kh
r
u
d
in
)
1815
k
n
o
w
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
o
r
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
d
o
m
ain
s
o
r
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
s
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
y
d
iv
er
s
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eliab
il
it
y
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
Fo
g
n
o
d
es
is
a
b
ig
ch
al
len
g
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
,
s
et
u
p
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
g
n
o
d
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
is
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
.
I
t
p
r
esen
ts
a
f
asci
n
ati
n
g
r
esear
ch
ch
alle
n
g
e,
n
a
m
el
y
h
o
w
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
a
n
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
I
o
T
an
d
f
o
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
an
ap
p
licatio
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
w
h
ile
m
ee
t
in
g
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
li
k
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
laten
c
y
,
Q
o
S,
et
c.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
clo
u
d
to
f
o
g
r
aise
s
m
an
y
c
r
itical
o
b
s
tacle
s
.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
n
ee
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
-
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
f
o
g
s
er
v
ice
s
t
h
at
ar
e
cr
itical
t
o
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
I
o
E
,
an
d
e
m
er
g
in
g
I
o
T
[
16
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
c
h
a
llen
g
es
i
s
h
o
w
to
cu
s
to
m
ized
an
d
p
ick
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
an
d
f
o
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
cr
ea
te
an
ap
p
licatio
n
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
w
h
ile
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
late
n
c
y
an
d
Qo
S.
A
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
g
r
ap
h
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
r
u
n
ti
m
e
to
ad
ap
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ca
le
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
ite
m
s
r
e
m
a
in
s
an
u
n
r
e
s
o
lv
ed
p
r
o
b
le
m
[
17
]
.
Sev
er
al
o
th
er
o
p
en
ch
al
len
g
es
a
n
d
ar
ea
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
cl
u
d
e
s
a
f
et
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
f
o
g
n
o
d
e
au
t
h
en
t
icatio
n
,
r
o
g
u
e
n
o
d
e
d
etec
tio
n
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
i
n
t
r
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
f
o
g
n
o
d
es
[
18
]
.
3.
M
O
T
I
VAT
I
O
N
Se
ein
g
f
r
o
m
a
b
ig
g
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ich
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
clo
u
d
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
tas
k
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
c
h
a
llen
g
es.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
'
s
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
i
n
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
is
laten
c
y
.
Ultr
a
-
r
eliab
le
lo
w
-
l
aten
c
y
i
n
5
G
d
ef
in
e
s
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
a
P
E
R
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
−
6
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ti
m
e
o
f
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
as
lo
w
as
1
m
s
t
h
at
m
an
y
I
o
T
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
w
i
ll
f
u
lf
i
l
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
lo
w
-
d
ela
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
[
19
]
.
Mo
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
u
itab
le
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
cr
itical
s
it
u
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e.
I
n
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
9
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
tr
an
s
at
lan
tic
r
o
u
n
d
t
i
m
e
b
et
w
ee
n
L
o
n
d
o
n
an
d
Ne
w
Y
o
r
k
in
th
e
Ver
izo
n
en
ter
p
r
is
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
as
7
0
.
4
3
9
[
20
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
ec
t
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tas
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
g
n
o
d
es
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
f
u
lf
i
l
th
e
s
e
s
tr
ict
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
Fo
g
n
o
d
es
m
a
y
b
elo
n
g
to
s
ep
ar
ate
p
ar
ties
,
w
h
ic
h
f
o
r
m
a
b
ig
g
er
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
et
w
o
r
k
li
k
e
a
f
o
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
ite
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
i
tec
tu
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
ca
lab
le
a
n
d
ta
k
e
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
s
a
f
et
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
w
n
er
s
o
f
f
o
g
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
A
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
is
th
e
t
h
ir
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
o
n
-
s
ettin
g
o
f
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
o
g
n
o
d
es,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
a
f
o
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
d
y
n
a
m
i
ca
ll
y
,
an
d
s
o
m
e
f
o
g
n
o
d
e
s
ar
e
u
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
th
eir
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
o
r
d
er
to
ta
ck
le
co
m
p
le
x
ities
,
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
.
B
esid
es
t
h
at,
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
-
of
-
S
er
v
ice
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
o
t
iv
at
io
n
s
.
I
o
T
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
s
w
il
l
h
a
v
e
its
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
in
th
e
af
f
i
n
it
y
-
w
ar
e
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
p
h
ase
to
b
e
m
e
t,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
d
ela
y
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
lev
els
s
u
c
h
as
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
r
a
tes
f
o
r
v
id
eo
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
d
ata
lo
ca
lit
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
o
t
ea
s
y
to
d
ec
id
e
h
o
w
s
e
v
er
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
s
i
m
u
lta
n
e
o
u
s
l
y
in
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
f
o
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
B
an
d
w
id
t
h
i
s
al
s
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
's
f
o
r
t
h
is
m
o
t
iv
ati
o
n
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
s
er
v
in
g
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
at
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
'
s
ed
g
e
w
o
u
ld
s
av
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
b
et
w
ee
n
ed
g
e
a
n
d
co
r
e.
Sav
in
g
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
j
u
s
t
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
b
u
t
also
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
C
O2
em
is
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
ev
ices.
I
n
2
0
1
8
,
I
C
T
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
6
-
10
%
o
f
g
lo
b
al
elec
tr
icit
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
o
r
4
%
o
f
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e
r
is
es
a
n
n
u
al
l
y
b
et
w
ee
n
5
%
an
d
7
%
[
21
]
.
A
r
o
u
te
u
s
u
all
y
w
o
r
k
s
at
6
0
% o
f
its
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
it
's i
n
ac
ti
v
e,
t
h
e
y
u
s
e
a
l
m
o
s
t a
s
m
u
c
h
en
er
g
y
an
d
d
o
n
'
t a
llo
w
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
o
f
f
d
u
r
in
g
o
f
f
-
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
,
as
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
at
t
h
eir
f
u
ll c
ap
ac
it
y
.
3
.
1
.
Rev
iew
s
s
t
ruct
ure
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
w
a
y
to
l
o
o
k
f
o
r
r
ev
ie
w
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
i
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
s
ea
r
c
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
p
o
p
u
lar
'
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
d
atab
ases
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
m
ar
t
s
er
v
ice
s
in
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
jo
u
r
n
als
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
I
E
E
E
Xp
lo
r
e
d
atab
ase
w
h
ic
h
in
d
e
x
i
n
SC
OP
US
an
d
s
cie
n
ce
d
ir
ec
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
b
y
th
o
s
e
r
ev
i
e
w
s
to
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
ca
n
d
id
ates
o
f
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
ws.
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
h
as
also
b
e
en
u
s
ed
b
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
p
ap
er
s
co
v
er
in
g
p
ee
r
r
ev
ie
w
s
o
f
i
te
m
s
f
r
o
m
s
elec
ted
d
atab
ases
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
er
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ea
r
c
h
q
u
er
y
ar
e
o
r
ch
estra
t
io
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
I
o
T
s
m
ar
t
s
er
v
ices,
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
I
o
T
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
E
d
g
e
an
d
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
I
o
T
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
r
ev
ie
w
p
ap
er
,
it
n
ee
d
s
t
o
co
n
tain
th
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
s
er
v
ices
(
s
u
c
h
as
s
m
a
r
t
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
cit
y
,
s
m
ar
t
w
ea
r
ab
les,
an
d
s
o
o
n
)
,
th
e
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
es
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
cr
iter
ia
o
f
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
T
o
tal
r
ev
ie
w
s
p
ap
er
s
ar
e
ab
o
u
t 6
8
w
h
ic
h
4
0
jo
u
r
n
als a
n
d
2
7
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
Study
o
f
re
v
ie
w
s
a
re
a
s
A
ll
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
p
ap
er
w
as
s
ele
ct
f
r
o
m
5
y
ea
r
s
b
ac
k
s
tar
ted
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
u
n
t
il
2
0
2
0
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
j
o
u
r
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
e
lect
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
8
u
n
ti
l
2
0
2
0
.
On
l
y
a
f
e
w
j
o
u
r
n
als
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
5
u
n
til 2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
1
8
1
2
-
1822
1816
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
he
r
ev
ie
w
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
m
ar
t ser
v
i
ce
s
in
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
4.
I
o
T
AP
P
L
I
CA
T
I
O
NS R
E
V
I
E
WS
4
.
1
.
Io
T
s
m
a
rt
s
er
v
ices a
pp
lica
t
io
ns
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
ea
r
ab
le
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
d
ev
ices
i
s
al
m
o
s
t
u
n
s
to
p
p
ab
le,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
m
ar
t
w
at
ch
es,
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ices
(
s
m
ar
t
m
e
tr
es,
s
m
ar
t
citi
es
o
r
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
s
)
,
lar
g
e
-
s
c
ale
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
is
alm
o
s
t
co
n
s
t
an
t.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
co
m
p
et
itiv
e
b
en
e
f
it
s
o
v
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clo
u
d
s
to
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ag
e,
in
cl
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d
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g
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n
-
h
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s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
d
ata
s
to
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e
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ac
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a
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d
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al
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,
a
d
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ted
an
d
f
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ated
n
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r
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b
y
co
m
p
u
ter
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n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
,
an
d
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
f
o
r
ac
ce
ler
ated
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
e
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
i
n
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
cr
ea
ted
u
n
p
r
ec
ed
en
te
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
cr
ea
te
'
s
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
a
n
d
id
ea
s
th
at
w
er
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
u
n
th
in
k
ab
le.
S
m
ar
t
'
s
s
er
v
ice
is
a
d
ig
ital
s
er
v
ice
th
a
t
i
n
ter
ac
ts
w
it
h
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
g
ath
er
ed
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
ed
b
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
,
s
m
ar
t
'
s
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
m
ar
t
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
cr
o
s
s
-
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
o
n
l
y
h
ap
p
en
i
n
o
n
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
f
ield
[
22
]
.
4
.
1
.
1
.
S
m
a
rt
t
ra
f
f
ic
lig
hts
A
s
m
ar
t
tr
a
f
f
ic
li
g
h
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
T
L
S)
allo
w
s
a
n
ST
L
u
s
ed
to
at
ev
er
y
i
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ST
L
w
a
s
f
itted
b
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
t
h
at
s
e
n
s
e
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
ed
estrian
s
an
d
b
i
k
e
s
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
ad
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
v
eh
icle
s
ar
r
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i
n
g
f
r
o
m
eit
h
er
s
id
e.
T
h
e
S
T
L
ev
en
s
p
ee
d
s
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
f
o
r
r
ed
-
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
also
s
w
itc
h
es
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
ac
cid
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
T
L
S
h
as
th
r
ee
p
r
i
m
ar
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es:
av
o
id
in
g
co
llis
io
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
m
o
o
th
tr
a
f
f
ic,
g
at
h
e
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
d
ata
to
as
s
e
s
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
23
]
.
4
.
1
.
2
.
S
m
a
rt
w
ea
ra
bles
I
n
th
e
m
ar
k
et
t
o
d
a
y
ar
e
tr
en
d
y
s
m
ar
t
d
e
v
ices,
li
k
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es,
tab
lets
,
P
C
s
,
n
e
tb
o
o
k
s
,
etc.
T
h
ese
m
ac
h
in
e
s
ar
e
s
m
all
an
d
p
o
r
tab
le,
m
ak
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
[
24
]
.
W
ea
r
a
b
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
s
o
m
e
t
y
p
e
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
u
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
'
s
b
o
d
y
.
T
h
e
wo
r
d
w
ea
r
ab
le
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
m
ea
n
s
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
b
u
t
wea
r
ab
les
m
a
y
d
if
f
er
i
n
f
ac
t.
T
h
e
ap
p
s
ar
e
h
an
d
s
-
f
r
ee
p
h
o
n
es,
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
m
icr
o
p
r
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ce
s
s
o
r
s
an
d
ab
le
to
s
en
d
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
d
ata
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et.
W
ea
r
ab
le
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
w
ea
r
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
n
o
w
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
u
s
e
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
icr
o
ch
ip
i
m
p
lan
ts
n
o
w
r
e
m
o
v
es
k
e
y
s
a
n
d
p
ass
w
o
r
d
s
.
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
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ased
o
n
f
i
n
g
er
tip
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
th
e
ch
ip
s
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
o
s
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
ac
k
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
p
ets
u
s
i
n
g
n
ea
r
-
f
ield
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
(
NF
C
)
o
r
r
ad
i
o
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
(
R
FID
)
.
T
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
d
ata
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
a
n
d
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
clo
u
d
is
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
u
s
e
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
le
s
en
s
o
r
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
m
ed
ical
d
ata
is
co
llecte
d
b
y
th
e
in
te
lli
g
en
t
ed
g
e
d
e
v
ices
s
u
ch
a
s
w
ea
r
ab
les,
w
r
is
t
-
b
a
n
d
s
,
s
m
ar
t
w
at
c
h
e
s
,
s
m
ar
t
te
x
tile
s
etc.
T
h
e
in
tel
lig
e
n
ce
r
e
f
er
s
to
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
a
n
al
y
tic
s
,
d
ev
ices,
c
lin
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Su
c
h
s
m
ar
t
d
ata
i
s
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
,
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
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s
a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
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l
w
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th
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eg
l
ig
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le
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
n
o
i
s
e
an
d
m
eta
-
d
ata
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
q
u
iet
r
ec
en
tl
y
s
m
ar
t
d
ata
tr
en
d
h
ad
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ized
th
e
b
io
m
ed
ical
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
W
ith
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
u
s
e
o
f
w
ir
eless
an
d
w
ea
r
ab
le
b
o
d
y
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1817
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n
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w
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s
(
B
SNs
)
,
th
e
a
m
o
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n
t
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f
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g
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ated
b
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e
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u
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is
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
at
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
r
ate
.
4
.
1
.
3
.
S
m
a
rt
a
cc
ident
det
ec
t
io
n
E
v
er
y
y
ea
r
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s
ig
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t
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m
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ld
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id
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d
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e
to
p
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lo
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g
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esc
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e
d
ela
y
s
.
T
o
o
r
d
er
to
d
etec
t
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
tr
ac
k
r
o
ad
ac
cid
en
ts
,
v
e
h
icle
s
i
n
s
t
alled
to
s
p
ec
ialized
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
es
an
d
r
o
ad
s
f
itted
w
it
h
m
o
d
er
n
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Ne
v
er
t
h
eles
s
,
in
less
d
ev
elo
p
ed
n
atio
n
s
,
th
e
s
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
au
to
m
o
b
iles
ar
e
r
ar
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
lo
w
-
co
s
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
i
n
t
h
ese
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
to
t
ac
k
le
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
as
b
e
g
u
n
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
a
n
d
tr
ac
k
ac
c
id
en
ts
at
t
h
e
r
o
ad
s
id
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ce
n
tr
aliza
t
io
n
an
d
r
e
m
o
te
n
ess
o
f
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
ca
n
lead
to
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
i
m
e,
ca
u
s
in
g
s
er
io
u
s
's
co
n
ce
r
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
it
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
in
e
m
er
g
e
n
cie
s
;
all
d
ela
y
s
n
ee
d
to
eli
m
i
n
at
e
as
f
ar
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
w
h
ile
li
f
e
-
th
r
ea
te
n
in
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
ar
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
Mid
d
le
w
ar
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
o
lv
i
n
g
th
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
late
n
c
y
,
w
h
ich
p
u
t
s
clo
u
d
-
li
k
e
s
er
v
ices
clo
s
er
to
ter
m
i
n
als
[
26
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
a
c
lo
u
d
-
b
ased
i
n
cid
en
t
a
n
d
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
ill
f
ac
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
laten
c
y
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
w
h
ich
o
f
f
er
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
laten
c
y
,
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
a
s
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
is
a
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
h
elp
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
B
es
id
e
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
a
k
es
f
o
r
ch
ea
p
er
an
d
f
aster
i
n
s
talla
tio
n
o
f
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
ev
ices i
n
leg
ac
y
v
e
h
icle
s
.
4
.
1
.
4
.
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
S
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
w
er
e
b
u
il
t
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
elec
tr
icit
y
b
y
u
s
in
g
I
C
T
,
w
h
er
e
a
co
m
p
letel
y
i
n
teg
r
ated
p
o
w
e
r
d
eliv
er
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
is
av
a
ilab
le,
w
h
er
e
b
o
th
u
tili
ties
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
ith
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
to
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
'
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
ate
p
o
w
e
r
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
ese
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
27
]
.
Data
n
ee
d
to
b
e
g
ath
er
ed
an
d
ex
c
h
an
g
ed
to
g
ain
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
,
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
s
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
v
ia
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
27
]
.
His
h
a
m
et
a
l
.
[
28
]
th
e
I
T
g
am
in
g
d
ev
ice
th
at
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
s
es
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
elec
tr
icit
y
an
d
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
e
n
er
g
y
w
h
en
p
la
y
in
g
g
a
m
es
b
y
r
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
co
r
es.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
b
u
il
t
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
,
P
HP
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
es
th
at
co
n
n
ec
t
v
ia
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
an
d
w
eb
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
d
ata
o
n
Fu
s
io
n
ex
Gia
n
t
is
co
llected
.
U
n
it
y
3
D
g
a
m
e
e
n
g
in
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
cr
ea
tin
g
to
en
ab
le
u
s
er
s
t
o
s
elec
t
an
d
p
la
y
o
n
li
n
e
g
a
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
o
b
ilit
y
b
y
g
e
n
er
atin
g
elec
tr
icit
y
w
h
en
p
lay
i
n
g
g
a
m
e
s
o
n
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
s
.
4
.
1
.
5
.
S
m
a
rt
cit
y
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
cit
y
m
o
d
el
is
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
I
C
T
an
d
th
e
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
tack
l
e
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
c
h
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
citie
s
i
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
cit
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
as
w
ell
a
s
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t.
I
t
is
b
u
ilt
a
n
d
m
ai
n
ta
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
te
g
r
ated
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
elec
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
n
et
wo
r
k
s
[
29
]
.
T
h
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
ai
m
s
to
m
a
k
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
u
b
lic
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e,
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
tectio
n
w
h
ile
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
"
s
m
ar
t"
cit
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
.
No
n
eth
ele
s
s
,
s
m
ar
t
cit
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
s
m
ar
t
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
m
ar
t
h
o
u
s
e,
s
m
ar
t
liv
in
g
,
s
m
ar
t
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
m
a
r
t
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
S
m
ar
t
cit
y
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
ad
v
an
ce
d
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
y
l
in
k
in
g
p
eo
p
le
in
a
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
o
th
at
al
l
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
h
av
e
th
e
r
ig
h
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
a
t
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
ti
m
e
[
30
]
.
San
to
s
et
a
l
.
[
31
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
th
at
allo
w
s
f
o
r
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
o
f
5
G
en
ab
led
in
telli
g
en
t
cities.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
ce
n
tr
ali
s
ed
cl
o
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
s
u
b
s
tan
t
iall
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
late
n
c
y
.
4
.
1
.
6
.
S
m
a
rt
hea
lt
hca
re
I
o
T
is
a
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ich
r
ad
icall
y
d
is
r
u
p
ts
th
e
ec
o
lo
g
ica
l
h
ea
lt
h
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
is
ch
a
n
g
in
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
S
m
ar
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
t
eg
r
ates
a
n
e
w
w
a
v
e
o
f
I
T
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
,
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
ar
ti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
to
m
ak
e
t
h
e
e
n
ti
r
e
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
i
n
th
e
h
ea
lth
s
ec
t
o
r
[
32
]
.
T
h
e
lar
g
e
q
u
an
tit
ies
o
f
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
d
e
v
ices
h
a
v
e
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
f
o
r
ca
r
eg
iv
er
s
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
er
s
.
T
o
d
o
th
at,
it
is
cr
u
cial
th
at
I
o
T
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
d
in
n
ea
r
-
r
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
an
d
th
at
d
ata
an
al
y
t
ics
to
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
lear
n
f
r
o
m
ev
e
n
t
s
in
th
e
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
f
ac
i
lit
y
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
p
atien
t
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
i
m
e
-
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
s
u
r
v
eill
an
ce
ca
m
er
as
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
v
id
eo
s
,
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
to
ler
ate
s
en
d
in
g
clo
u
d
s
tr
ea
m
s
d
u
e
to
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
late
n
c
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
s
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
33
]
.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
I
C
T
s
in
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
ec
to
r
h
as
cr
ea
ted
th
e
s
m
ar
t
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices
o
f
s
m
ar
t
citie
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
u
al
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
34
]
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
er
ca
n
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
m
ed
ical
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
t
h
at
ar
e
clo
s
el
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
s
till
co
n
g
ested
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
illn
es
s
is
cu
m
b
e
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s
o
m
e
co
o
r
d
i
n
atin
g
th
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lo
ca
l
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p
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s
ical
n
et
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it
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clo
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r
.
E
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h
ar
d
w
ar
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s
to
r
ag
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an
d
s
m
ar
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lt
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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-
1822
1818
ce
n
ter
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
la
test
,
lo
ca
tio
n
-
r
elate
d
h
ea
l
th
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
35
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
also
u
s
ed
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
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s
o
n
al
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
w
ill
g
at
h
er
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
a
n
d
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
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d
m
a
k
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t
h
e
u
s
er
m
o
r
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
el
y
to
tr
ac
k
h
i
s
h
ea
l
th
[
36
]
.
4
.
2
.
Arc
hite
ct
ure
o
f
o
rc
hes
t
ra
t
io
n dis
t
rib
ute
d in f
o
g
co
m
p
uti
ng
T
h
e
f
o
g
o
r
ch
estra
to
r
is
u
s
ed
as
a
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
p
an
el
o
n
a
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
o
r
clo
u
d
d
atac
en
ter
an
d
b
ased
o
n
g
lo
b
al
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
in
all
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
T
h
e
k
e
y
task
i
s
to
p
ick
s
er
v
ices
a
n
d
ex
ec
u
te
a
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o
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er
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o
p
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ig
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et
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d
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o
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p
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ater
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lized
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t
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e
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tr
o
d
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n
o
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n
e
s
i
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g
le
f
ail
u
r
e
p
o
in
t
[
37
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
as
d
esig
n
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o
r
f
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g
en
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Fig
u
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e
4
.
Fo
g
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ir
o
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en
t f
o
r
I
o
T
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en
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ch
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4
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3
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Rev
iew
s
g
a
ps
R
ev
ie
w
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g
ap
s
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et
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o
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p
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lates
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o
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m
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er
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ices
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s
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4
.
3
.
1
.
Rev
iew
o
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rc
hes
t
ra
t
i
o
n dis
t
ributio
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y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
in
teg
r
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e
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p
r
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ce
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s
in
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e
v
ices
r
eq
u
ir
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v
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r
iet
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o
f
ch
alle
n
g
es.
At
least
th
e
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al
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p
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r
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m
i
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m
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el
h
a
s
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e
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ted
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
to
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
tl
y
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co
r
p
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r
ate
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m
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le
m
e
n
tat
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s
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e
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eter
o
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itect
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f
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p
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ities
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o
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w
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in
c
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r
tu
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lizatio
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tech
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lo
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ie
s
.
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h
e
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o
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I
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e
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ce
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alize
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ito
r
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i
n
t
h
e
h
ea
d
o
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f
ice.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
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th
at
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n
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n
i
n
t
h
e
o
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n
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B
o
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Ku
r
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Me
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Au
r
o
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o
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T
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1.
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1819
T
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4
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4
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3
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3
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Rev
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3
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Ma
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
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&
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p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
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2
1
:
1
8
1
2
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1822
1820
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tin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
il
l
b
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
laten
c
y
-
l
o
w
in
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
th
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
f
o
g
n
o
d
es
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
h
elp
s
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
at
lar
g
e
d
ata
in
I
o
T
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
h
a
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
es late
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
co
m
p
ar
e
to
th
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
Au
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
an
k
R
esear
ch
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
C
en
tr
e
(
R
MC),
Un
i
v
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
AR
A
,
UiT
M
Sh
ah
A
la
m
,
Sela
n
g
o
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
u
n
d
i
n
g
g
r
an
t i
n
p
u
b
li
s
h
i
n
g
th
is
p
ap
er
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
Yo
u
se
f
p
o
u
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
ll
o
n
e
n
e
e
d
s
to
k
n
o
w
a
b
o
u
t
f
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
re
late
d
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
s:
A
c
o
m
p
lete
su
rv
e
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
st
e
ms
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
v
o
l.
9
8
,
p
p
.
2
8
9
-
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
V
.
K
o
c
h
a
r
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
rk
a
r,
“
Re
a
l
ti
m
e
re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
n
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
t
w
o
le
v
e
l
s
y
m
b
io
ti
c
f
o
g
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
6
S
ixth
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m De
sig
n
(
IS
ED)
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
55
.
[3
]
S
.
S
a
rk
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
M
isra
,
“
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
f
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
a
g
re
e
n
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
a
ra
d
i
g
m
to
su
p
p
o
rt
Io
T
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IET
Ne
two
rk
s,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
2
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
S
.
S
v
o
r
o
b
e
j,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
u
latin
g
f
o
g
a
n
d
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
sc
e
n
a
rio
s
:
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
”
Fu
tu
re
In
ter
n
e
t,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
.
5
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
H.
F
.
A
tl
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
A
Re
v
i
e
w
,
”
Bi
g
Da
ta
a
n
d
Co
g
n
i
ti
v
e
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
P
.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
issu
e
s,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
d
irec
ti
o
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
6
6
9
-
3
6
7
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
M
.
A
lj
a
ra
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
h
iera
rc
h
ica
l
b
a
se
d
e
d
g
e
-
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istri
b
u
te
d
m
o
b
il
e
a
n
d
Io
T
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
vo
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
6
-
3
0
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[8
]
Q.
Qi
a
n
d
F
.
T
a
o
,
“
A
S
m
a
rt
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
S
e
rv
ice
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
E
d
g
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
Cl
o
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
8
6
7
6
9
-
8
6
7
7
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
P
.
S
a
re
e
n
,
“
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
Ty
p
e
s,
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
C
o
n
c
e
rn
s,
V
irt
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
R
o
le
o
f
IT
G
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
in
Clo
u
d
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
S
o
ft
wa
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
3
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
R.
S
h
a
h
z
a
d
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
re
e
ti
e
r
f
o
g
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s:
En
a
b
li
n
g
Io
T
/5
G
f
o
r
late
n
c
y
se
n
siti
v
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
Ch
i
n
a
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
A
.
V
.
Da
stjerd
i
a
n
d
R.
Bu
y
y
a
,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
He
lp
in
g
th
e
In
te
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
Re
a
li
z
e
Its
P
o
ten
t
i
a
l,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
B.
M
c
Co
rm
ic
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
Or
c
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
in
Clo
u
d
Da
t
a
Ce
n
ters
,
”
in
2
0
1
9
IFI
P/
IE
EE
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
In
teg
ra
te
d
Ne
two
rk
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
IM
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
4
6
-
3
5
2
.
[1
3
]
K.
V
e
las
q
u
e
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
rv
i
c
e
Or
c
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
i
n
F
o
g
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts,
”
in
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Fu
tu
re
I
n
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s a
n
d
Clo
u
d
(
Fi
Clo
u
d
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
6
.
[1
4
]
R.
Ja
w
a
b
re
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Ne
tw
o
rk
Or
c
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
F
u
t
u
re
Ne
two
rk
s a
n
d
Distri
b
u
te
d
S
y
st
e
ms
,
P
a
ris,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
A
.
S
w
a
in
a
n
d
A
.
K.
Ra
y
,
“
Qo
S
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
W
S
N
-
M
CN
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
Ne
t
w
o
rk
Us
in
g
P
rio
rit
y
Ba
se
d
T
ra
ff
ic
M
o
d
e
ls,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
9
-
1
1
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
S
.
Kitan
o
v
a
n
d
T
.
Ja
n
e
v
sk
i,
“
H
y
b
rid
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
se
rv
ice
o
rc
h
e
st
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
f
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
5
1
st
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
(
ICES
T
2
0
1
6
)
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
9
1
-
94
.
[1
7
]
Z.
W
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Orc
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
S
e
rv
ic
e
s,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
e
t
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
V
.
Da
h
iy
a
a
n
d
S
.
Da
lal,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts'
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ie
n
c
e
(
S
CEE
CS
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
.
[1
9
]
Z.
M
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
-
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
L
o
w
-
L
a
ten
c
y
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
f
o
r
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals,
a
n
d
En
a
b
li
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
”
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s J
o
u
r
n
a
l,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
7
9
4
6
-
7
9
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
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0
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a
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.
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t
a
l.
,
“D
ig
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ti
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:
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n
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rg
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p
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1
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[2
2
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S
.
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,
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l.
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p
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1
9
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2
0
1
8
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[2
3
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P
.
M
o
re
,
“
Re
v
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f
i
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p
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m
e
n
ti
n
g
f
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c
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m
p
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,
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ter
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0
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5
.
[2
4
]
T
.
F
ra
n
c
is
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
d
h
iaja
g
a
n
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
riso
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f
Clo
u
d
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s:
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g
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Ed
g
e
a
n
d
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e
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m
p
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,
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c
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e
d
in
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o
f
th
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e
c
trica
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c
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f
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s,
v
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l.
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
6
-
450
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
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g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
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A
r
ev
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o
n
o
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ch
estr
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tio
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d
is
tr
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u
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s
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fo
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s
ma
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N
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ya
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w
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i Mo
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kh
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in
)
1821
[2
5
]
H.
Du
b
e
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
in
M
e
d
ica
l
I
n
tern
e
t
-
of
-
T
h
in
g
s:
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
in
S
.
U.
Kh
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
(e
ds
)
,
Ha
n
d
b
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k
o
f
L
a
rg
e
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S
c
a
le
Distrib
u
t
e
d
Co
mp
u
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n
g
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n
S
ma
rt
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a
lt
h
c
a
re
,
e
d
Ch
a
m
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p
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r
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l
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g
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
3
2
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
6
]
B.
K.
Da
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
D
e
la
y
-
Aw
a
re
A
c
c
id
e
n
t
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Re
sp
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n
se
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
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ss
,
v
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l.
7
,
p
p
.
7
0
9
7
5
-
7
0
9
8
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
B.
C.
E.
Ba
rro
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
o
g
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
M
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d
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to
Orc
h
e
stra
te
th
e
Co
n
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m
p
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n
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d
P
r
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d
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c
t
io
n
o
f
En
e
rg
y
in
M
icro
g
rid
s,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
N.
H.
B.
Hish
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Io
T
Ga
m
in
g
S
y
ste
m
w
it
h
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
P
o
w
e
r
En
e
rg
y
,
”
in
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
9
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m E
n
g
i
n
e
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rin
g
a
n
d
T
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h
n
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lo
g
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(
ICS
ET
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
2
8
6
.
[2
9
]
A
.
M
.
A
l
-
S
m
a
d
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Eme
rg
e
n
t
situ
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
sm
a
rt
c
it
ies
:
a
su
rv
e
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
&
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
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)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
7
7
-
4
7
8
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
A
.
Ks
e
n
ti
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Io
T
/clo
u
d
-
e
n
a
b
led
sm
a
rt
se
rv
i
c
e
s:
A
re
v
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w
o
n
Qo
S
re
q
u
irem
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n
ts
in
f
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tec
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e
,
”
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ter
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ti
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l
J
o
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r
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o
f
Co
mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
1
]
J.
S
a
n
to
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
En
a
b
li
n
g
th
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
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t
a
n
d
Orc
h
e
stra
ti
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n
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f
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m
a
rt
Cit
y
A
p
p
li
c
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ti
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s
in
5
G
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
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tro
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,
v
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l.
2
0
,
p
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
2
]
S
.
T
ian
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
:
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a
k
in
g
m
e
d
ica
l
c
a
re
m
o
re
in
telli
g
e
n
t,
”
Glo
b
a
l
He
a
lt
h
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
6
2
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
3
]
E.
Ba
d
id
i
a
n
d
K.
M
o
u
m
a
n
e
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
th
e
P
r
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c
e
ss
in
g
o
f
He
a
l
th
c
a
re
Da
ta
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trea
m
s
u
sin
g
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
IE
EE
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
s a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s (
IS
CC)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
3
-
1
1
1
8
.
[3
4
]
A
.
S
o
lan
a
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
h
e
a
lt
h
:
A
c
o
n
tex
t
-
a
w
a
r
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h
e
a
lt
h
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
w
it
h
in
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
-
8
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
5
]
W
.
T
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
-
En
a
b
led
S
m
a
rt
He
a
lt
h
:
T
o
wa
rd
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
r
e
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
S
e
rv
ice
P
ro
v
isio
n
,
”
IE
E
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
4
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
6
]
R.
A
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Io
T
-
b
a
se
d
p
e
rso
n
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
d
iab
e
ti
c
p
a
ti
e
n
ts,
”
in
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s &
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(
IS
CAIE
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
-
1
7
3
.
[3
7
]
Z.
W
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
g
Orc
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
S
e
rv
ic
e
s,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
e
t
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
8
]
A
.
V
e
rm
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
a
rg
e
-
s
c
a
le
c
lu
ste
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
G
o
o
g
le
with
B
o
rg
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
T
e
n
th
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
y
ste
ms
,
Bo
rd
e
a
u
x
,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
9
]
S
.
V
a
u
c
h
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
G
X
-
Aw
a
re
Co
n
tai
n
e
r
Orc
h
e
stra
t
io
n
f
o
r
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Clu
ste
rs,
”
i
n
2
0
1
8
I
EE
E
3
8
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Dist
rib
u
ted
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
ms
(
ICD
CS
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
7
3
0
-
7
4
1
.
[4
0
]
B.
Ga
ss
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Is
Ec
c
e
n
tri
c
M
u
sc
le
W
o
rk
A
d
e
q
u
a
tel
y
P
e
rc
e
i
v
e
d
?
A
n
A
n
a
l
y
sis
w
it
h
BOR
G
-
S
c
a
le,
”
De
u
tsc
h
e
Z
e
it
sc
h
rift
f
ü
r S
p
o
rtme
d
izi
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
3
4
4
-
3
5
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
1
]
Y.
V
las
o
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
ro
t
o
ty
p
in
g
to
o
ls
f
o
r
Io
T
s
y
ste
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
irt
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
9
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
De
p
e
n
d
a
b
le S
y
ste
ms
,
S
e
rv
ice
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
DES
S
ER
T
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
8
7
-
9
2
.
[4
2
]
H.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
F
.
J.
L
in
,
“
S
c
a
lab
le
I
o
T
/M
2
M
P
latf
o
rm
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ku
b
e
rn
e
tes
-
En
a
b
led
N
F
V
M
A
NO
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
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n
g
s
(
iT
h
i
n
g
s)
a
n
d
IEE
E
Gr
e
e
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
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ic
a
ti
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n
s
(
Gr
e
e
n
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m)
a
n
d
I
EE
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Cy
b
e
r,
Ph
y
sic
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l
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n
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o
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o
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u
ti
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g
(
CPS
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m)
a
n
d
I
EE
E
S
ma
rt
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t
a
(
S
ma
rtDa
t
a
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
6
-
1
1
1
1
.
[4
3
]
P
.
T
sa
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
in
f
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
latf
o
rm
s
u
sin
g
ten
so
rf
lo
w
a
n
d
k
u
b
e
rn
e
tes
,
”
in
2
0
1
7
1
9
t
h
Asia
-
Pa
c
if
ic Netwo
rk
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
S
y
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si
u
m (
AP
NOM
S
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
-
1
5
0
.
[4
4
]
J.
S
a
n
to
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s N
e
t
w
o
rk
-
Aw
a
re
Re
so
u
rc
e
P
ro
v
isio
n
in
g
in
K
u
b
e
r
n
e
tes
f
o
r
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o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
A
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
n
s,
”
in
2
0
1
9
IE
EE
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ne
t
wo
rk
S
o
f
twa
riza
t
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(
Ne
tS
o
ft
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
5
1
-
3
5
9
.
[4
5
]
M
.
A
l
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ku
b
e
rn
e
tes
o
r
Op
e
n
S
h
if
t?
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h
ich
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Be
st
S
u
i
t
s
Eclip
se
H
o
n
o
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o
T
De
p
lo
y
m
e
n
ts,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
1
1
th
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
rv
ice
-
Or
ien
ted
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
S
OCA)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
2
0
.
[4
6
]
Z.
Zh
o
n
g
a
n
d
R.
Bu
y
y
a
,
“
A
Co
st
-
Ef
f
icie
n
t
Co
n
tain
e
r
Orc
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
S
trate
g
y
in
Ku
b
e
rn
e
tes
-
Ba
se
d
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
s
w
it
h
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Re
so
u
rc
e
s,
”
ACM
T
ra
n
s
.
In
ter
n
e
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
24
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
7
]
D.
Ki
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
OSC
A
-
Ba
s
e
d
a
n
d
F
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d
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ra
ti
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n
-
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a
re
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u
d
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h
e
stra
ti
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n
f
o
r
Ku
b
e
rn
e
tes
Co
n
tain
e
r
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
8
]
C.
S
e
ib
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
ra
c
k
in
g
h
a
z
a
rd
o
u
s
a
e
rial
p
lu
m
e
s
u
sin
g
Io
T
-
e
n
a
b
led
d
ro
n
e
sw
a
r
m
s,
”
in
2
0
1
8
I
EE
E
4
t
h
W
o
rl
d
Fo
ru
m
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (
W
F
-
Io
T
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
-
3
8
2
.
[4
9
]
Y.
Ya
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
Eff
icie
n
c
y
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
in
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Io
T
S
y
ste
m
W
it
h
UA
V
S
wa
r
m
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
W
irele
ss
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sfe
r,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
9
6
7
-
9
7
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
0
]
E.
Nii,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
M
u
lt
ip
l
e
S
w
a
r
m
in
g
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
e
S
e
n
sin
g
Clu
st
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
S
w
a
r
m
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
”
in
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
5
t
h
W
o
rl
d
F
o
ru
m
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (
W
F
-
Io
T
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
9
6
1
-
9
6
6
.
[5
1
]
W
.
Din
g
a
n
d
W
.
F
a
n
g
,
“
T
a
r
g
e
t
Trac
k
in
g
b
y
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
Ra
n
d
o
m
D
ra
f
t
P
a
rti
c
l
e
S
w
a
r
m
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
ma
rt
Cit
ies
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
IS
C2
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
7.
[5
2
]
A
.
Ko
h
lb
a
c
h
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
lo
w
c
o
st
o
m
n
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
re
lativ
e
lo
c
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
se
n
so
r
f
o
r
s
w
a
r
m
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
4
t
h
W
o
rl
d
F
o
ru
m
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (
W
F
-
Io
T
)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
6
9
4
-
6
9
9
.
[5
3
]
M
.
A
.
S
e
rh
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
lf
-
a
d
a
p
ti
n
g
c
lo
u
d
se
rv
ice
s
o
rc
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
f
u
l
f
il
li
n
g
in
ten
siv
e
se
n
so
ry
d
a
ta
-
d
riv
e
n
I
o
T
w
o
rk
f
lo
w
s,
”
Fu
tu
re
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
8
,
p
p
.
5
8
3
-
5
9
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
4
]
P
.
S
a
h
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
F
a
irn
e
ss
a
n
d
Re
so
u
rc
e
Distri
b
u
ti
o
n
i
n
a
n
A
p
a
c
h
e
M
e
so
s
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
”
in
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
1
1
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Clo
u
d
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
(
CL
OU
D)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
3
4
-
4
4
1
.
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