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el
MP
P
T
tech
n
iq
u
e.
(
2
)
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
W
E
C
S
w
it
h
P
MSG
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
p
itc
h
a
n
g
le
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
a
n
Op
ti
m
al
P
o
w
er
C
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
M
P
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e.
(
3
)
I
n
teg
r
ati
n
g
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
W
E
C
S
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
S
VP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
o
n
th
e
in
v
er
ter
s
id
e
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
Sectio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
MP
PT
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
tw
o
-
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Sectio
n
3
co
n
t
ain
s
t
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
W
E
C
S
w
it
h
MP
PT
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
Sectio
n
4
,
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
W
E
C
S
a
n
d
t
h
e
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
an
d
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
Sec
tio
n
5
.
Sec
tio
n
6
is
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
DIFF
E
R
E
N
T
M
P
P
T
M
E
T
H
O
DS F
O
R
P
V
SYST
E
M
T
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
is
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
eled
in
Ma
t la
b
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
[
(
(
)
)
]
[
(
)
(
)
]
(
1
)
(
)
(
2
)
[
[
(
)
]
]
(
3
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e,
I
=
P
V
ar
r
ay
ter
m
in
a
l c
u
r
r
en
t
I
p
v
=
P
V
C
ell
cu
r
r
en
t
I
o
=
C
ell
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
R
s
=
Ser
ies r
es
is
ta
n
ce
R
p
=
P
ar
allel
r
esis
tan
ce
Vt
=
C
ell
t
h
er
m
al
v
o
ltag
e
a=
I
d
ea
lity
f
ac
to
r
Np
p
=
p
ar
allel
in
m
o
d
u
les
Nss
=
Ser
ie
s
in
m
o
d
u
les
Ns=ce
lls
s
er
ies i
n
a
m
o
d
u
le
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
P
V
S
y
s
te
m
G
=
G
n
=
1
0
0
0
N
S
=
5
4
N
P
=2
K
i
=
0
.
0
0
3
2
R
P
=
4
1
5
.
4
I
S
Cn
=
8
.
2
1
4
T
=
T
n
=
2
9
8
.
1
5
N
SS
=
1
5
I
PVn
=
7
.
6
1
K
v
=
-
0
.
1
2
3
R
S
=
0
.
2
3
V
O
Cn
=
3
2
.
9
W
ith
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
o
th
er
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
ar
ie
s
.
W
ith
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
s
tated
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
is
ab
o
u
t 3
W
.
T
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
t
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
t
h
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t T
r
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
P
T
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
g
en
er
all
y
u
s
ed
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
es a
r
e
as
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
8
:
7
3
0
–
7
4
0
732
2
.
1
.
P
er
t
urb & o
bs
er
v
e
(
P
&O
)
M
P
P
T
M
e
t
ho
d
T
h
e
P
&
O
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
a
h
ill
cli
m
b
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
w
h
ic
h
,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
er
tu
r
b
ed
b
y
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
d
v
)
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
p
o
w
er
(
d
p
)
s
u
ch
t
h
at
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
ties
n
ee
d
to
b
e
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
o
f
th
i
s
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
ev
er
y
MP
PT
cy
cle
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
te
r
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
is
p
er
t
u
r
b
ed
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
a
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
in
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
d
u
e
to
h
ea
v
y
o
s
cilla
tio
n
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
MP
P
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
it so
m
et
i
m
e
s
f
a
il
s
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
MP
P
.
2
.
2
.
I
ncre
m
e
nta
l C
o
nd
uct
a
nce
M
P
P
T
M
et
ho
d
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
vo
ltag
e
i
s
r
eg
u
la
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
b
ased
o
n
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
I
/V)
an
d
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
d
I/
d
V
).
T
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
lta
g
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
v
er
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
o
r
n
e
g
ativ
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
d
P
/d
V
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
m
et
h
o
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
NC
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
o
f
it
s
h
i
g
h
s
tab
ili
t
y
an
d
f
i
n
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
r
ap
id
ch
an
g
e
o
f
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
P
&
O
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
I
NC
M
P
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f H
yb
r
id
S
o
la
r
W
in
d
E
n
erg
y
S
ystem
in
a
Micr
o
g
r
id
w
ith
MPP
T …
.
(
D
.
C
h
in
n
a
K
u
lla
y
R
ed
d
y)
733
2
.
3
.
O
pen Cir
cuit
Vo
lt
a
g
e
M
P
P
T
M
et
ho
d
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
v
o
lta
g
e
q
u
a
n
tie
s
is
i
n
d
icate
d
w
it
h
a
g
ai
n
w
h
o
s
e
v
alu
e
t
y
p
icall
y
lie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
7
1
to
0
.
8
0
.
o
p
en
cir
cu
it v
o
ltag
e
o
r
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
its
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t is as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
V
(MPP)
=
k
1
*
V
oc
T
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll a
n
d
i
ts
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
O
C
V
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
2
.
4
.
Sh
o
rt
Circ
uit
Curre
nt
M
P
P
T
M
et
ho
d
T
h
e
Sh
o
r
t c
ir
c
u
it c
u
r
r
en
t
o
r
co
n
s
ta
n
t c
u
r
r
en
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
a
s
i
m
p
le
MP
P
T
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
i
ts
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
is
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
SC
i
s
t
h
e
P
V
P
an
el
S
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
i
t
cu
r
r
en
t.T
h
is
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
I
(MPP)
is
I
(MPP)
=
k
2
*
I
sc
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
S
C
C
M
P
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
8
:
7
3
0
–
7
4
0
734
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
s
i
m
p
le.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
g
ai
n
K
2
i
s
co
m
p
lex
.
T
y
p
icall
y
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
g
a
in
K
2
lie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
7
8
&
0
.
9
2
.
2
.
5
.
T
w
o
-
M
o
del
M
P
P
T
M
et
ho
d
T
h
e
t
w
o
-
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
th
at
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le.
B
u
t
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
b
en
ef
icia
l
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
r
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id
ch
an
g
e
s
is
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
Op
en
C
ir
cu
it
Vo
ltag
e
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
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o
r
ith
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is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
an
d
Si
m
u
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
w
o
m
o
d
el
MP
P
T
m
eth
o
d
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Her
e
G
t
is
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
o
f
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
v
al
u
e
an
d
G
n
is
th
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
v
al
u
e
a
t p
ar
ticu
lar
v
al
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
t
w
o
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m
o
d
el
MPP
T
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Si
m
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
w
o
-
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
3.
WI
ND
E
NE
RG
Y
CO
NVE
R
SI
O
N
SY
ST
E
M
T
h
e
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
is
th
e
o
n
e
wh
ich
is
m
u
c
h
a
v
ailab
le
a
f
ter
s
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lar
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er
g
y
a
n
d
is
a
p
r
o
m
is
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n
g
s
o
u
r
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o
f
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y
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h
e
k
i
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g
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
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d
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u
s
ed
to
r
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tate
th
e
tu
r
b
in
es
th
at
g
e
n
er
ate
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
co
n
v
er
t th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
e
n
er
g
y
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f H
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id
S
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la
r
W
in
d
E
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ystem
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g
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ith
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D
.
C
h
in
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Fig
u
r
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itch
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o
ller
T
h
e
W
in
d
E
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er
g
y
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o
n
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n
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y
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te
m
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E
C
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u
s
e
s
a
P
er
m
an
e
n
t
Ma
g
n
et
S
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
Gen
er
ato
r
(
P
MSG)
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
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en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
y
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n
tr
o
llin
g
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h
e
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itch
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g
le
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F
i
g
u
r
e
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it
h
r
e
s
p
ec
t
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e
ch
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g
e
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
.
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h
is
is
d
o
n
e
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th
e
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itch
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g
le
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
tech
n
iq
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e.
T
h
e
W
E
C
S
is
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
it
h
a
n
MP
PT
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
(
F
ig
u
r
e
8
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ca
lle
d
o
p
tim
al
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
W
E
C
S
4.
I
NT
E
G
RA
T
I
O
N
O
F
P
V
SY
ST
E
M
T
O
WE
CS
T
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
th
e
W
E
C
S
ar
e
i
n
te
g
r
ated
at
a
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
it
i
s
s
u
p
p
lied
to
a
n
i
n
v
er
ter
t
o
g
en
er
ate
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o
u
tp
u
t.
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th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
id
e,
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W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
li
n
k
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Si
m
u
li
n
k
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
&
W
E
C
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
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l.
8
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2
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p
r
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8
:
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3
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4
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736
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h
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m
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o
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ic
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ted
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id
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n
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u
r
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1
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o
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th
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s
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ac
e
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tr
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u
r
e
10
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5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
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N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
Ou
tp
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t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
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V
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an
els
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
at
ir
r
ad
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n
o
f
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
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es
(F
i
g
u
r
e
11
)
,
w
it
h
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
2
)
,
w
it
h
i
n
cr
e
m
en
ta
l
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
MP
P
T
(
F
ig
u
r
e
13
)
,
w
it
h
t
w
o
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
at
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
1
0
0
0
W
/
m
2
an
d
6
0
0
W
/m
2
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u
r
e
1
4
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d
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
)
ar
e
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al
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.
P
MSG
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ased
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in
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E
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er
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er
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io
n
S
y
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te
m
w
it
h
o
u
t
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P
PT
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d
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h
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t
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w
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d
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f
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s
e
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n
d
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o
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d
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ig
u
r
e
1
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h
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u
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t
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ltag
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e
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n
d
i
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g
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atio
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y
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te
m
w
it
h
o
u
t,
w
i
th
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PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
an
d
SVP
W
M
ar
e
d
ep
icted
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
at
ir
r
ad
i
atio
n
o
f
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
(
a)
Vo
ltag
e
(
b
)
P
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f H
yb
r
id
S
o
la
r
W
in
d
E
n
erg
y
S
ystem
in
a
Micr
o
g
r
id
w
ith
MPP
T …
.
(
D
.
C
h
in
n
a
K
u
lla
y
R
ed
d
y)
737
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
12
.
P
V
s
y
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te
m
w
i
th
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o
n
s
ta
n
t V
o
lta
g
e
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
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e
(
a)
Vo
ltag
e
(
b
)
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o
w
er
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a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
13
.
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
I
N
C
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
a)
Vo
ltag
e
(
b
)
P
o
w
er
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
t
wo
-
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
at
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
(
a)
Vo
ltag
e
(
b
)
P
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
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.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
8
:
7
3
0
–
7
4
0
738
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
15
.
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
t
wo
-
m
o
d
el
MP
PT
tech
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iq
u
e
at
6
0
0
W
/m
2
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
(
a)
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ltag
e
(
b
)
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o
w
er
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
16
.
Vo
ltag
e
o
f
a
W
E
C
S (
a)
W
ith
o
u
t M
P
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
b
)
W
ith
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
17
.
Ou
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
a)
in
n
o
r
m
al
(
b
)
w
it
h
SVP
W
M
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
MP
P
T
tech
n
iq
u
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f H
yb
r
id
S
o
la
r
W
in
d
E
n
erg
y
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ystem
in
a
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o
g
r
id
w
ith
MPP
T …
.
(
D
.
C
h
in
n
a
K
u
lla
y
R
ed
d
y)
739
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t
w
as o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
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r
ch
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t th
at
P
V
p
an
el
with
T
w
o
m
o
d
el
MP
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r
esu
lted
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
at
io
n
o
f
ab
o
u
t 3
8
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.
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m
ilar
l
y
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w
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n
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g
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er
ato
r
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P
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ig
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o
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0
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l
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en
er
ato
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h
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
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it M
P
PT
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lted
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e
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n
er
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o
f
ab
o
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er
ato
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t M
P
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o
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t 1
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le
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P
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eth
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P
P
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l
t
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g
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t
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P
P
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r
c
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i
t
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g
e
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e
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t
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r
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h
M
P
P
T
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0
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n
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r
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n
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l
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c
t
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n
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e
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5
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o
mo
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l
M
P
P
T
3
8
0
Fro
m
th
e
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c
h
r
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l
ts
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i
n
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g
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n
o
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lar
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er
ati
o
n
w
ith
MP
P
T
an
d
SVPW
M
g
en
er
ates
g
r
ea
ter
v
o
ltag
e
t
h
a
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
MP
PT
an
d
SVPW
M
(
T
ab
le
3
)
.
T
ab
le
3
.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
win
d
g
e
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er
atio
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Vo
lta
g
es o
f
w
i
t
h
OUT
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d
w
it
h
MP
P
T
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SVP
W
M
m
et
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I
n
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r
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t
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P
P
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d
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3
0
0
V
W
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t
h
M
P
P
T
a
n
d
S
V
P
W
M
6
5
0
V
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
f
er
r
ed
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
w
ith
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
o
u
tp
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t
f
r
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m
b
o
th
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
W
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C
S.
T
h
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V
s
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tp
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m
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w
it
h
th
e
T
w
o
-
Mo
d
el
MP
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th
an
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
u
s
ed
P
&
O
MP
PT
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
W
E
C
S
o
u
tp
u
t
also
en
h
a
n
c
ed
w
ith
a
p
itch
an
g
le
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
an
MPPT
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
p
itch
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g
le
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
i
q
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e
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ac
t
u
ated
f
o
r
h
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g
h
w
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n
d
s
p
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s
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d
t
h
e
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PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
f
o
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
to
tr
ac
k
m
a
x
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m
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m
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o
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er
p
o
in
t.
A
ls
o
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t
h
e
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y
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C
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th
e
m
icr
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r
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d
is
m
u
ch
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m
p
r
o
v
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
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n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
s
id
e.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
w
e
ll
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
i
m
u
li
n
k
r
es
u
lt
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
Esra
m
a
n
d
P
.
L
.
Ch
a
p
m
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
rra
y
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rse
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
-
4
4
9
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
7
.
[2
]
Ro
b
e
rto
F
a
ra
n
d
a
,
S
o
n
ia
L
e
v
a
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
M
P
P
T
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
P
V
S
y
ste
m
s”
,
W
S
EA
S
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
,
Iss
u
e
6
,
Vo
l
u
m
e
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
F
.
L
iu
,
S
.
D
u
a
n
,
B.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
Y.Ka
n
g
,
“
A
v
a
riab
le
ste
p
siz
e
INC
M
P
P
T
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
P
V
sy
ste
m
s
”
,
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
2
2
–
2
6
2
8
,
J
u
ly
2
0
0
8
.
[4
]
T
.
T
.
N.Kh
a
ti
b
,
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
N.
Am
in
,
a
n
d
K.S
o
p
ian
,
“
A
n
e
ff
icie
n
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s
u
sin
g
n
e
w
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
”
,
W
S
EA
S
T
ra
n
s
.
P
o
we
r
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
J.M
.
E
n
ri
q
u
e
,
J.M
.
A
n
d
u
jar,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Bo
h
o
r
q
u
e
z
,
“
A
re
li
a
b
le,
fa
st
,
a
n
d
l
o
w
c
o
st
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
e
r
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
.
S
o
l
a
r
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
9
-
8
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
A
h
m
e
d
,
N.M
.
,
F
a
rg
h
a
ll
y
,
H.M
.
,
F
a
h
m
y
,
F
.
H.,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
siz
in
g
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ica
l
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
P
V
-
w
in
d
h
y
b
rid
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
w
a
ter
irri
g
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
2
0
1
7
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
7
(
4
),
p
p
.
1
7
9
7
-
1
8
1
4
.
DO
I:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
7
i4
.
p
p
1
7
9
7
-
1
8
1
4
[7
]
W
ij
a
y
a
,
F
.
D.,
P
rib
a
d
i,
K.D.,
S
a
rji
y
a
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
u
sin
g
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
h
y
b
rid
w
in
d
-
ti
d
a
l
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
s
y
ste
m
o
n
th
e
so
u
th
c
o
a
st
o
f
Ja
v
a
,
”
2
0
1
7
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
7
(2
),
p
p
.
6
5
9
-
6
6
6
,
DO
I:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
e
c
e
.
v
7
i2
.
p
p
6
5
9
-
6
6
6
.
[8
]
A
.
V
.
P
a
v
a
n
Ku
m
a
r,
A
li
v
e
lu
M
.
P
a
rim
i,
K.
Um
a
Ra
o
,
“
A
Disc
r
e
te
P
L
L
b
a
se
d
L
o
a
d
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
F
L
C
b
a
se
d
P
V
-
W
in
d
Hy
b
rid
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
W
it
h
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
Da
ta
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
V
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
P
P
-
1
3
2
0
-
1
3
2
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
IS
S
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
.
[9
]
Bid
y
a
d
h
a
r
S
u
b
u
d
h
i
,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
a
n
d
Ra
se
sw
a
ri
P
ra
d
h
a
n
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
n
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
ies
,
V
o
l.
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
3
[1
0
]
E.
De
n
n
y
a
n
d
M
.
O'
M
a
ll
e
y
,
"
W
in
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
e
m
issio
n
s
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
"
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
p
p
.
3
4
1
-
3
4
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
1
]
K.T
a
n
,
S
.
Isla
m
,
“
Op
ti
m
u
m
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
in
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
o
f
P
M
S
G
w
in
d
tu
rb
in
e
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
o
u
t
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
se
n
so
rs”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
9
2
-
9
9
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
4
.
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