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[
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1
2
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2
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an
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I
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73
Data
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r
ela
y
s
ac
t b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
ata
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
As
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
'
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
th
e
r
elay
s
o
p
ti
m
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
n
o
t
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
s
.
I
n
ter
-
tr
ip
li
n
k
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
to
f
a
s
t
f
a
u
lt
clea
r
an
ce
o
n
t
h
e
ap
p
lie
d
p
r
o
tectiv
e
zo
n
e,
in
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
in
g
th
e
o
th
e
r
r
ela
y
s
o
p
er
atio
n
ti
m
es.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
i
n
te
r
-
tr
ip
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
p
r
o
tect
io
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
u
la
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
ter
-
tr
ip
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
i
n
v
esti
g
a
ted
an
d
m
o
d
eled
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
a
n
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
b
ased
o
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
d
ex
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
in
ter
-
tr
ip
in
s
tall
atio
n
w
it
h
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
f
au
lt
clea
r
an
c
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
I
n
ter
-
tr
ip
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
ar
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
Sectio
n
4
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
2.
O
P
T
I
M
AL
P
RO
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
CO
O
RDINA
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
a
s
a
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
i
th
a
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
tated
i
n
(
1
)
.
∑
∑
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
ea
r
-
en
d
an
d
f
ar
-
en
d
f
a
u
lt
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ela
y
i
n
d
ices
an
d
is
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
r
ela
y
f
o
r
a
n
e
ar
/f
ar
en
d
f
a
u
lt
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
e
lecti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
o
f
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
s
h
o
u
ld
la
g
en
o
u
g
h
,
as
C
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
T
im
e
I
n
ter
v
al
(
C
T
I
)
.
T
h
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
ty
p
ical
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
T
I
lies
in
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
0
0
-
3
0
0
m
s
.
is
t
h
e
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
i
n
d
i
ce
s
an
d
is
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
o
f
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
.
(
2
)
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
ti
m
e
o
f
D
OC
R
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
3
)
as f
o
llo
w
s
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ee
n
b
y
t
h
e
r
ela
y
,
T
DS
is
r
ela
y
T
i
m
e
Dia
l
Setti
n
g
(
T
DS)
an
d
i
s
th
e
r
ela
y
p
ic
k
u
p
cu
r
r
en
t.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
s
an
d
d
ef
in
e
th
e
r
ela
y
cu
r
v
e
t
y
p
e.
T
h
e
r
ela
y
an
d
T
DS a
r
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
as b
elo
w
.
p
I
(
4
)
3.
I
NT
E
R
-
T
RIP
I
NCO
RP
O
R
AT
E
D
P
RO
T
E
CT
I
O
N
CO
O
RDINA
T
I
O
N
I
n
ter
-
T
r
ip
lin
k
i
s
u
s
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ela
y
s
at
b
o
th
en
d
s
o
f
a
lin
e
w
h
er
e
r
ela
y
s
ar
e
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atin
g
w
i
t
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
l
in
k
.
T
h
e
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
o
w
er
li
n
e
ca
r
r
ier
,
p
ilo
t
w
ir
es
an
d
o
p
tical
f
ib
er
s
.
A
s
i
m
p
le
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
r
ela
y
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
w
h
er
e
r
elay
s
an
d
ar
e
ex
ch
an
g
i
n
g
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ed
icate
d
lin
k
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
s
i
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
clea
r
an
ce
ti
m
e.
Op
er
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lai
n
e
d
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
O
n
ce
a
f
a
u
lt
li
k
e
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
th
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
tecti
o
n
zo
n
e
o
f
r
ela
y
s
an
d
,
th
e
y
p
ick
u
p
th
e
f
a
u
lt
cu
r
r
en
t.
W
h
en
t
h
e
r
ela
y
s
p
i
ck
ed
u
p
f
o
r
d
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
y
s
e
n
d
ea
ch
o
th
er
th
e
p
ick
u
p
ac
tiv
atio
n
s
ig
n
al.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
n
o
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
is
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
an
d
lo
w
d
ata
r
ate
i
s
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
,
th
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
l
in
k
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
n
o
t
a
s
s
tr
ict
as
d
i
f
f
er
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
w
h
ic
h
r
esu
lts
i
n
lo
w
er
co
s
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
7
2
-
79
74
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
ter
-
tr
ip
ex
a
m
p
le
T
h
e
r
elay
s
an
d
is
s
u
e
a
tr
ip
i
f
t
h
e
y
p
ick
u
p
th
e
lo
ca
l
cu
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
a
p
ic
k
u
p
ac
t
iv
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
th
er
en
d
r
el
a
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
q
u
ic
k
f
au
l
t
i
s
o
latio
n
i
n
th
e
r
elev
an
t
li
n
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
r
ela
y
s
etti
n
g
is
h
i
g
h
.
A
s
s
u
m
in
g
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
ic
k
u
p
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
an
d
th
e
late
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ti
m
e
a
s
,
th
e
tr
ip
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
f
au
lt F1
b
y
in
ter
-
tr
ip
m
o
d
u
le
is
as (
5
)
.
(
5
)
T
h
e
r
elay
tr
ip
p
in
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
f
au
lts
i
n
p
r
i
m
ar
y
zo
n
e
as
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
m
o
d
u
le
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as (
6
)
.
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
tr
ip
p
in
g
t
i
m
e
is
s
u
ed
b
y
s
etti
n
g
s
an
d
an
d
ar
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
tr
ip
p
in
g
ti
m
e
o
f
r
ela
y
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
-
t
r
ip
m
o
d
u
le.
As
s
ee
n
f
o
r
m
(
6
)
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
is
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
a
u
lt
clea
r
an
ce
ti
m
e
in
t
h
e
r
elev
an
t
lin
e.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
an
d
w
h
ic
h
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
ti
m
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
ter
-
tr
ip
li
n
k
h
a
s
t
w
o
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
w
h
ic
h
is
d
escr
i
b
ed
as b
elo
w
.
I
n
a
m
es
h
ed
g
r
id
,
it
ca
n
b
e
a
s
s
u
m
ed
t
h
at
ea
c
h
r
ela
y
tr
ip
s
t
h
e
n
ea
r
e
n
d
f
au
l
t
f
aster
th
a
n
o
t
h
er
r
ela
y
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
r
ea
lis
t
ic
ass
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
elay
tr
ip
p
in
g
ti
m
e
b
ased
o
n
s
ettin
g
s
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
b
ased
o
n
as
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
w
it
h
a
co
n
s
tan
t
tr
ip
p
in
g
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
all
f
a
u
lts
in
l
in
e
A
B
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
a
s
o
lid
r
ed
lin
e.
A
s
s
ee
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
c
lear
an
ce
ti
m
e
i
n
s
o
m
e
s
ec
t
io
n
s
o
f
lin
e
A
B
.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
if
t
h
e
|
an
d
|
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
ab
o
v
e
th
e
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
a
s
th
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
in
ter
-
tr
ip
in
s
tallat
io
n
as in
d
icate
d
in
(
7
)
.
|
|
(
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
i
n
te
r
-
tr
ip
lin
k
Ra
Rb
I
n
t
e
r
-
t
r
i
p
F
1
F
2
L
i
n
e
A
B
Ra
Rb
T
I
nt
e
r
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
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p
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n
g
I
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N:
2
0
8
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I
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ter
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co
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ted
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l p
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75
T
h
e
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e
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tio
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itu
at
io
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p
r
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co
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itio
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m
ax
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u
m
u
ti
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i
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ter
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ip
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ir
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ac
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a
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ir
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ac
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ter
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li
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A
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to
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h
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im
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o
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in
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er
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ip
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b
e
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tig
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ted
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g
h
t
h
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Fig
u
r
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3
w
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er
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tr
ip
p
in
g
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u
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v
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s
o
f
an
d
its
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ac
k
u
p
ar
e
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tted
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ter
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g
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al,
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h
e
tr
ip
p
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e
o
f
is
m
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d
if
ied
w
h
ic
h
is
s
i
m
i
lar
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ite
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r
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d
if
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et
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d
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ied
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tiv
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atio
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etti
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atis
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atio
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ai
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ly
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ter
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d
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s
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en
o
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ca
n
b
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er
aliz
ed
to
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u
p
s
tr
ea
m
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ela
y
s
.
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h
is
is
t
h
e
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
i
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ter
-
tr
ip
u
ti
lizatio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lts
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th
e
o
p
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atin
g
ti
m
e
r
ed
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ct
io
n
o
f
o
th
er
r
ela
y
s
.
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h
e
n
e
w
s
et
tin
g
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f
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atis
f
y
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ain
ts
co
n
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id
er
in
g
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ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
b
et
w
ee
n
an
d
|
|
|
|
(
8
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Su
m
m
ar
izin
g
t
h
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
f
o
r
m
u
las,
a
n
in
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ex
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
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tim
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m
allo
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tio
n
o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
s
to
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e
d
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
o
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atin
g
ti
m
es
o
f
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ela
y
s
.
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h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
is
g
iv
e
n
in
(
9
)
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
li
n
e.
(
9
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
d
ir
ec
t i
m
p
ac
t o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
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ir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
in
ter
-
tr
ip
in
s
talla
tio
n
at
a
g
i
v
en
lo
ca
tio
n
.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
w
ei
g
h
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
lin
e
A
B
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as i
n
(
1
0
)
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|
(
|
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|
(
|
)
|
|
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T
h
e
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
it
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
r
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y
s
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.
b
ac
k
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p
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y
s
o
f
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d
,
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e
it
ca
n
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lated
co
n
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id
er
i
n
g
th
e
(
7
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
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lated
f
o
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ch
r
ela
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
1
1
)
.
∑
|
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(
1
1
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w
h
er
e
is
a
b
in
ar
y
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
to
ex
clu
d
e
b
ac
k
u
p
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ela
y
s
w
i
th
n
o
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
an
d
is
to
ta
l
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
ac
k
u
p
r
elay
s
.
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w
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
f
o
r
b
ein
g
n
o
n
ze
r
o
.
First,
th
e
r
elev
an
t
ter
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
n
ze
r
o
an
d
t
h
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
ze
r
o
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ela
y
f
o
r
n
ea
r
e
n
d
f
au
lt,
t
h
e
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
ca
s
e
o
f
n
o
n
-
b
i
n
d
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t,
th
e
s
etti
n
g
o
f
th
e
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
i
s
d
ictated
with
o
t
h
er
r
ela
y
s
n
o
t
th
e
r
ela
y
s
w
it
h
in
ter
-
tr
ip
.
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as (
1
2
)
.
2
Ra
f
I
1
R
f
I
2
Ra
f
t
1
Ra
f
t
int
e
r
trip
T
c
R
m
od
c
ifi
e
d
R
a
R
C
T
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I
nt
e
r
t
ri
p
t
f
I
C
T
I
C
T
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
7
2
-
79
76
{
|
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
allo
ca
tio
n
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
A
t
i
n
itia
l
s
te
p
,
o
p
tim
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
s
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
is
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
all
li
n
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
is
m
o
d
eled
an
d
t
h
e
b
est
lo
ca
tio
n
is
s
elec
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
in
d
ex
.
T
h
en
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
r
u
n
ag
a
in
to
r
e
-
ca
lcu
la
te
th
e
i
n
d
e
x
f
o
r
n
e
x
t
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
es
u
n
til
t
h
e
all
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
k
n
o
w
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
ter
-
tr
i
p
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
u
m
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
allo
ca
tio
n
w
it
h
o
p
ti
m
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
i
s
test
ed
o
n
m
o
d
if
ied
I
E
E
E
3
0
b
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
E
E
E
3
0
b
u
s
i
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
u
b
-
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
ar
t is
s
tu
d
ied
h
er
e
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
r
ee
DGs a
r
e
ad
d
ed
to
f
o
r
m
an
ac
ti
v
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
As
s
ee
n
,
4
3
DOC
R
s
ar
e
u
s
e
d
to
is
o
late
th
e
f
a
u
lts
a
n
d
v
er
y
i
n
v
er
s
e
cu
r
v
e
i
s
ass
u
m
ed
f
o
r
all
DOC
R
s
.
Di
f
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
Gen
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
as a
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
to
o
l f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
Scen
ar
io
A
,
n
o
in
ter
-
tr
ip
li
n
k
:
I
n
t
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
n
o
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
lin
k
i
s
u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
c
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
to
tal
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
is
3
1
.
6
9
5
8
s
an
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
etti
n
g
s
o
f
r
ela
y
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Scen
ar
io
B
,
s
i
n
g
le
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
li
n
k
:
I
n
t
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
ex
h
au
s
ti
v
e
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
d
ex
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
b
es
t
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
etti
n
g
s
to
f
i
n
d
b
est
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
ter
-
tr
ip
s
.
T
ab
le
2
lis
ts
th
e
f
i
v
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ca
n
d
id
ates
f
o
r
in
ter
-
tr
ip
lo
ca
tio
n
ca
lc
u
lat
ed
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
th
e
ex
h
au
s
ti
v
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
A
s
s
ee
n
th
e
lin
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tio
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f
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T
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in
d
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p
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m
.
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I
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79
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
M
a
n
so
u
r,
S
.
M
e
k
h
a
m
e
r,
a
n
d
N.
-
S
.
El
-
Kh
a
r
b
a
w
e
,
“
A
m
o
d
if
ied
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
ize
r
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
o
v
e
rc
u
rre
n
t
re
lay
s,”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r De
l.
,
v
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l.
2
2
,
n
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.
3
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p
.
1
4
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l
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[2
]
P
.
Be
d
e
k
a
r,
S
.
Bh
i
d
e
,
a
n
d
V
.
Ka
l
e
,
“
Op
ti
m
u
m
c
o
o
rd
in
a
ti
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n
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f
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v
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rc
u
rre
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t
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s in
d
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b
u
ti
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sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
g
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ti
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a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
Pro
c
.
ICPS
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
P
.
P
.
Be
d
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k
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
R.
Bh
id
e
,
“
Op
ti
m
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m
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rc
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sin
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th
e
h
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r
id
GA
-
N
L
P
a
p
p
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,
”
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EE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
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1
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.
[4
]
C.
S
o
a
n
d
K.
L
i,
“
T
ime
c
o
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i
n
a
ti
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m
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o
d
f
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sy
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m
p
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ti
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n
b
y
e
v
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lu
ti
o
n
a
ry
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l.
,
v
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l.
3
6
,
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o
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5
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p
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1
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2
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.
[5
]
M
.
Ba
rz
e
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a
ri,
S
.
Ba
th
a
e
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
li
z
a
d
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h
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
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c
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rd
in
a
ti
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f
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ti
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u
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s
u
sin
g
h
a
rm
o
n
y
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
in
Pro
c
.
9
th
I
n
t.
Co
n
f.
E
EE
IC
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
-
3
2
4
,
M
a
y
2010
.
[6
]
Ł
.
Hu
c
h
e
l
a
n
d
H.
H.
Zei
n
e
ld
i
n
,
"
P
la
n
n
i
n
g
th
e
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Dire
c
ti
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n
a
l
Ov
e
rc
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n
t
R
e
lay
s
f
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r
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s Co
n
sid
e
rin
g
DG
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
ma
rt Gri
d
,
v
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l
.
7
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o
.
3
,
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p
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1
6
4
2
-
1
6
4
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
Co
n
ti
S
.
,
Ra
f
fa
L
.
,
a
n
d
V
a
g
li
a
sin
d
i
U,
“
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
in
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
M
V
m
icro
-
g
rid
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
c
lea
n
e
lec
trica
l
p
o
we
r
,
p
p
.
6
4
7
–
6
5
4
,
Ju
n
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
S
o
rto
m
m
e
E.
,
V
e
n
k
a
ta
S
.
S
.
,
a
n
d
M
it
ra
J.,
“
M
icro
g
rid
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
ss
isted
d
ig
it
a
l
re
la
y
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
8
9
-
2
7
9
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
P
ra
sa
i
A
.
,
Yi
D.,
P
a
q
u
e
tt
e
A
.
,
Bu
c
k
E.
,
a
n
d
Ha
rley
R.
G
.
,
“
P
ro
te
c
ti
o
n
o
f
m
e
sh
e
d
m
icro
g
rid
s
w
it
h
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
o
v
e
rla
y
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
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g
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re
ss
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d
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o
n
(
ECCE
)
,
p
p
.
6
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-
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1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
G
a
o
H.,
L
i
J.,
a
n
d
X
u
B.
,
"
P
ri
n
c
i
p
le
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
d
if
f
e
re
n
ti
a
l
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
p
e
n
e
tratio
n
o
f
DG
s,"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
6
5
-
5
7
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
Ch
a
n
g
Yin
g
,
J.
Du
a
n
,
S
u
n
L
e
i,
He
Yu
a
n
d
S
.
Cu
i
,
"
A
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
it
y
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n
a
l
y
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o
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iff
e
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n
ti
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l
p
ro
tec
ti
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n
f
o
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isp
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d
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g
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e
ra
ti
o
n
in
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
"
IEE
E
PE
S
Asia
-
Pa
c
if
ic
Po
we
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
En
g
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ri
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o
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fer
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n
c
e
(
AP
PE
EC
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
8
-
2
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
Us
tu
n
T
.
S
.
a
n
d
Kh
a
n
R
.
H.,
"
M
u
lt
it
e
rm
in
a
l
h
y
b
rid
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
m
i
c
ro
g
rid
s
o
v
e
r
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irele
s
s
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o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
"
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
ma
rt Gri
d
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
9
3
-
2
5
0
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
L
iu
X
.
,
S
h
a
h
id
e
h
p
o
u
r
M
.
,
L
i
Z.
L
iu
Z.
,
Ca
o
Y.
,
a
n
d
T
ian
W
.
,
"
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
lo
o
p
-
b
a
se
d
m
icro
g
rid
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
ma
rt Gri
d
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
0
-
1
3
4
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
De
w
a
d
a
sa
M
.
,
G
h
o
sh
A
.
,
a
n
d
Led
w
ich
G
.
,
“
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
m
icro
g
rid
s
u
sin
g
d
if
f
e
re
n
ti
a
l
re
la
y
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
1
st A
u
stra
la
si
a
n
u
n
ive
rs
it
ies
p
o
we
r en
g
in
e
e
rin
g
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
A
UPEC)
,
S
e
p
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
T
.
S
.
Ag
h
d
a
m
,
H.
K.
K
a
re
g
a
r
,
a
n
d
H.
H.
Zein
e
ld
in
,
"
V
a
riab
le
T
rip
p
in
g
T
i
m
e
Di
ff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
M
icro
g
rid
s
Co
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
DG
S
tab
il
it
y
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
ma
rt Gri
d
.
v
ol
.
1
0
,
no.
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
0
7
-
2
4
1
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
M
.
N.
A
lam
,
"
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
Co
o
rd
in
a
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
u
sin
g
Nu
m
e
rica
l
Dire
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Ov
e
rc
u
rre
n
t
Re
la
y
s,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
.
DOI
:
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0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
II.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
3
4
4
7
4
.
[1
7
]
B.
F
a
n
i,
M
.
Da
d
k
h
a
h
a
n
d
A
.
Ka
r
a
m
i
-
Ho
re
sta
n
i,
"
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
c
o
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
a
g
a
in
st
th
e
sta
irca
se
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s in
P
V
-
d
o
m
i
n
a
ted
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,"
in
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issi
o
n
&
Dist
rib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
5
-
2
0
7
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
S
.
A
sg
h
a
ri
G
o
v
a
r,
S
.
He
id
a
ri,
H.
S
e
y
e
d
i,
S
.
G
h
a
se
m
z
a
d
e
h
,
a
n
d
P
.
P
o
u
rg
h
a
se
m
,
"
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
C
WT
-
b
a
se
d
o
v
e
rc
u
rre
n
t
p
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tec
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n
f
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r
s
m
a
rt
d
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b
u
ti
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n
g
rid
s
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
CT
sa
tu
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
fa
u
lt
,
"
in
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
6
-
1
3
7
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
H.
F
.
Ha
b
i
b
,
C
.
R.
L
a
sh
w
a
y
,
a
n
d
O.
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
"
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
F
a
il
u
re
Im
p
a
c
ts
o
n
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
M
icro
g
rid
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
Us
e
o
f
En
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
a
s
a
Co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
4
-
1
2
0
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
T
.
V
i
s
h
n
u
v
a
rd
h
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
G
.
S
riv
a
n
i,
"
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
io
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
u
n
d
e
r
p
e
n
e
tratio
n
o
f
d
istri
b
u
ted
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s,"
in
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
9
-
3
9
2
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
S
.
S
h
e
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
A
n
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
P
ro
t
e
c
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
W
it
h
DG
s
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
O
p
ti
m
iz
e
d
T
h
e
v
e
n
in
Eq
u
iv
a
len
t
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
1
1
-
4
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
Cin
tu
g
lu
M
.
H.,
M
a
T
.
a
n
d
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
O.
A
.
,
"
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
m
icro
g
rid
s
u
sin
g
a
g
e
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
d
istri
b
u
ted
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
1
-
3
6
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
Nik
o
laid
is
V
.
S
.
,
P
a
p
a
n
ik
o
lao
u
E.
,
a
n
d
S
a
f
ig
ian
n
i
A
.
S
.
,
"
A
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
-
a
ss
isted
o
v
e
rc
u
rre
n
t
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
ra
d
ial
d
is
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
d
istri
b
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
S
m
a
rt
Gr
id
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
-
1
2
3
,
Ja
n
2
0
1
6
.
[2
4
]
T
.
S
.
A
g
h
d
a
m
,
H.
Ka
z
e
m
i
Ka
re
g
a
r
,
a
n
d
H.
H.
Zei
n
e
ld
i
n
,
"
T
ra
n
sie
n
t
S
tab
il
it
y
Co
n
stra
in
e
d
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
Co
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s W
it
h
DG
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
S
ma
rt Grid
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
7
3
3
-
5
7
4
1
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
Zein
e
ld
i
n
H.H.,
S
h
a
ra
f
H.M
.
,
I
b
r
a
h
im
D.K.,
a
n
d
El
-
Zah
a
b
E
.
E.
D
.
,
"
Op
ti
m
a
l
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
e
sh
e
d
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
w
it
h
D
G
u
si
n
g
d
u
a
l
se
tt
in
g
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
o
v
e
r
-
c
u
rre
n
t
re
la
y
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
ma
rt
Gr
id
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
-
1
2
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
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