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CC B
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C
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1.
I
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latf
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[
2
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.
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A
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[
2
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.
P
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
:
1
8
3
9
-
1848
1840
P
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p
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a
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t
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u
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.
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u
c
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u
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s
ar
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d
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th
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f
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cu
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th
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[
4
,
5
]
.
P
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C
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[
6
]
.
Fo
r
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f
t
h
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
er
cia
l
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
t
h
ese
p
latf
o
r
m
s
w
o
u
ld
d
ep
en
d
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lts
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S),
h
en
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
r
m
o
d
ell
in
g
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
tial
[
8
]
.
I
n
[
7
]
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
er
e
a
n
al
y
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
s
tatis
tical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
t
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
t
o
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
n
y
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
e
n
t
e
r
e
d
o
n
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
,
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
[
9
]
.
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
liter
at
u
r
e
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
s
o
m
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
t
i
m
e
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
[
9
]
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
s
a
c
l
o
u
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
a
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
s
u
b
-
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
n
am
e
l
y
:
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
w
a
s
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e:
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
er
v
ice
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
a
n
d
r
e
f
u
s
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
.
[
1
0
]
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
at
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
ti
m
e
s
er
ies
an
al
y
s
is
,
m
o
d
el
s
elec
tio
n
,
an
d
s
to
c
h
a
s
tic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
to
an
al
y
s
e
C
lo
u
d
w
o
r
k
l
o
ad
;
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
is
a
cr
itical
is
s
u
e
s
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
n
o
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
q
u
er
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
No
SQL
)
d
atab
ase
s
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
Ya
h
o
o
clo
u
d
s
er
v
in
g
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
a
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
R
ed
is
a
n
d
SS
DB
d
atab
ases
[
1
1
]
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
o
f
d
atase
t
is
r
elev
a
n
t
b
ec
au
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
ex
p
e
n
d
ti
m
e
ex
a
m
i
n
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
class
i
f
ica
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
m
u
l
tila
y
er
p
er
ce
p
tr
o
n
class
if
ier
o
f
f
er
s
t
h
e
b
est
ac
cu
r
ac
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
class
i
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
s
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
d
ataset
s
[
1
2
]
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
v
ir
t
u
al
m
ac
h
in
e
u
til
izatio
n
i
s
an
e
s
s
e
n
tial
co
n
ce
p
t
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
,
h
en
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
is
d
u
r
in
g
l
iv
e
m
i
g
r
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
s
p
ar
a
m
o
u
n
t.
I
t
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
m
p
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
al
u
e
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
n
d
h
alti
n
g
u
n
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
m
i
g
r
atio
n
an
d
s
a
v
e
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ti
m
e
i
n
m
ig
r
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
C
lear
ly
,
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
m
o
d
elli
n
g
is
a
n
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
o
n
e,
h
en
ce
s
ev
er
al
p
ap
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
r
itte
n
o
n
th
is
s
u
b
j
ec
t.
W
h
en
w
r
iti
n
g
a
n
ar
ticle,
it
p
er
tin
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
k
n
o
w
it
co
m
e
s
s
o
m
e
t
ec
h
n
ica
l
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
.
I
t
also
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
g
o
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
h
ig
h
co
n
f
er
en
c
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
an
d
j
o
u
r
n
al
s
.
Gettin
g
a
r
esear
c
h
d
ir
ec
tio
n
w
o
u
ld
al
s
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
p
er
u
s
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
d
ig
ital
lib
r
ar
ies
a
n
d
atte
n
d
in
g
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
Fi
n
d
in
g
o
u
t a
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic
is
in
d
ee
d
an
ar
d
u
o
u
s
ta
s
k
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
.
T
h
is
ch
alle
n
g
e
ca
n
b
e
s
o
l
v
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
s
tu
d
y
ca
teg
o
r
izes
m
ater
ial
s
i
n
a
r
esear
ch
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
n
iq
u
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
wh
ich
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
,
t
h
u
s
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
a
v
i
s
u
al
s
u
m
m
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
m
ap
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
teg
o
r
ized
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
a
p
p
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
to
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
es,
w
h
ich
ar
e
to
p
ic
-
b
ased
,
r
esear
ch
-
b
ased
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
-
b
ased
f
ac
ets.
T
h
e
to
p
ic
p
h
ase
w
as
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
co
r
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
s
tu
d
ie
s
i
n
clo
u
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
h
a
s
e
d
ea
lt
w
it
h
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
p
h
ase
is
r
elate
d
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
f
o
r
th
is
w
o
r
k
is
t
h
at
m
o
r
e
r
esear
c
h
es
ar
e
s
t
ill
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
llin
g
o
n
th
e
c
lo
u
d
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
is
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
ar
ea
s
w
h
er
e
th
er
e
ar
e
d
ea
r
th
o
f
p
ap
er
s
an
d
p
o
in
tin
g
i
t
o
u
t
to
u
p
co
m
i
n
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
ai
m
s
at
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
a
m
ap
p
in
g
s
tu
d
y
b
ased
o
n
clo
u
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
m
o
d
elli
n
g
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
e
v
ie
w
i
s
t
h
a
t
a
v
is
u
al
m
ap
w
a
s
c
r
ea
ted
w
it
h
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
es
i
n
d
i
ca
tin
g
t
h
e
ex
te
n
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
t
y
p
e
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
in
t
h
is
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
d
er
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
t
h
u
s
:
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
o
r
k
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
5
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
s
t
u
d
ies.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
1
4
]
,
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
at
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
in
r
elatio
n
to
m
ap
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
r
e
v
ie
w
s
a
n
d
o
f
f
er
ed
r
elev
a
n
t
l
ess
o
n
s
b
ased
o
n
e
x
is
tin
g
s
t
u
d
ies.
T
h
e
m
u
lt
ip
le
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
e
x
i
s
tin
g
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
atic
s
tu
d
ie
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
[
1
5
]
,
is
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
atic
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
at
f
o
c
u
s
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o
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
atter
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s
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t
h
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ea
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f
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
en
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i
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ee
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
p
h
ase
w
as
u
s
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o
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th
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al
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i
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v
id
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f
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th
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atter
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T
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tco
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as t
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p
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h
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ce
r
esear
ch
in
t
h
is
f
ield
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T
h
e
p
ap
er
in
[
1
6
]
,
ex
am
i
n
ed
c
lo
u
d
p
o
lic
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
es a
n
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p
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r
a
m
m
i
n
g
m
o
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els.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
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d
y
s
elec
ted
s
i
x
f
ea
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th
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r
v
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a
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d
is
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s
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w
o
f
ac
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e
f
ea
tu
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u
s
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w
er
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f
r
a
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e
w
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k
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s
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r
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co
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r
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ac
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s
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f
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alid
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alu
at
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d
s
o
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co
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tr
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u
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f
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th
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to
o
l,
an
d
m
e
th
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d
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
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r
i
n
[
1
7
]
,
c
o
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y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ce
p
t
m
ap
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
in
[
1
8
]
,
d
id
a
s
tu
d
y
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
co
m
p
o
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itio
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al
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d
co
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tain
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eso
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s
.
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s
y
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y
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s
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ea
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at
w
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v
ices
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t
h
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a
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p
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f
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ch
estra
tio
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v
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tu
aliza
tio
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m
p
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izati
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ep
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e
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t,
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d
r
atio
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.
I
n
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itio
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,
to
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ic,
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to
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x
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tr
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o
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m
ap
s
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ac
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o
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,
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esear
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p
ap
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s
w
er
e
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
i
n
[
1
9
]
,
o
f
f
er
ed
a
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
t
h
e
ar
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o
f
g
a
m
e
s
o
f
t
war
e
as
it
r
elate
s
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
w
as
to
ex
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m
in
e
s
t
u
d
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i
n
s
o
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w
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r
e
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ee
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in
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o
m
ain
,
r
elate
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to
ed
u
ca
tio
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.
T
h
e
s
y
s
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at
ic
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u
d
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ex
a
m
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ed
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ca
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id
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t
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t
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d
ies.
Usi
n
g
p
ap
er
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
b
et
w
e
en
1
9
7
4
an
d
2
0
1
6
,
g
a
m
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
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u
s
a
g
e,
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
w
a
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
I
n
[
2
0
]
,
th
e
d
o
m
ain
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
w
as
t
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f
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c
u
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
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at
ic
m
ap
p
in
g
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d
y
.
T
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e
s
tu
d
y
p
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d
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tco
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b
ased
o
n
n
th
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tr
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t
s
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T
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r
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f
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u
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u
tili
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d
w
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co
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p
tu
al
p
ap
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s
,
ex
p
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ien
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ap
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s
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co
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an
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s
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ica
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ap
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s
.
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s
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ata
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tr
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s
s
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f
ica
tio
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w
er
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
in
[
2
1
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
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t
m
o
d
el
s
o
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th
e
c
lo
u
d
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
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t
u
d
y
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s
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f
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t
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c
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as
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er
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en
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f
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it
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,
p
r
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m
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n
tat
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t
o
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d
u
ce
th
e
m
ap
.
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h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
w
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e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
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el,
m
et
h
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l,
an
d
m
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t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
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f
ac
et.
I
n
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itio
n
,
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
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tu
r
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w
er
e
u
tili
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e
x
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ap
er
s
o
p
in
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a
n
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
r
ese
ar
ch
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
[
2
2
]
d
id
a
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
clas
s
i
f
y
i
n
g
clo
u
d
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b
ased
te
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tin
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
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co
m
p
r
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en
s
i
v
e
em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
c
h
in
t
h
is
f
i
eld
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
R
ele
v
a
n
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an
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ad
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ate
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ap
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e
ex
tr
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th
e
o
u
tco
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e
o
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e
in
v
est
ig
at
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s
w
a
s
s
tati
s
ti
ca
ll
y
d
ep
i
cted
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
2
3
]
w
a
s
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licati
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n
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
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atic
m
ap
p
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g
s
tu
d
y
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e
lecte
d
test
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r
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ap
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s
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ter
f
ac
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r
it
y
,
co
m
p
atib
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y
,
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n
d
f
u
n
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n
al
test
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.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
esear
c
h
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
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h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
t
h
e
e
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alu
a
tio
n
,
s
o
lu
t
io
n
,
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d
v
alid
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n
r
esear
ch
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
ap
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ac
et
d
w
elle
d
ex
ten
s
iv
el
y
o
n
te
s
ti
n
g
-
as
-
a
-
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
i
n
[
2
4
]
,
i
s
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t e
x
te
n
s
iv
e
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
f
o
r
a
u
n
iq
u
e
o
u
tco
m
e
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
at
i
c
liter
atu
r
e
r
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w
s
h
ad
ex
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s
t
h
at
w
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h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ted
i
n
w
o
r
k
to
en
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a
n
ce
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
i
n
[
2
5
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
m
o
b
ile
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
u
s
e
o
f
c
lo
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d
r
eso
u
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ce
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
s
tu
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y
a
ls
o
u
s
ed
t
h
e
co
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ce
p
t
o
f
r
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d
co
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f
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in
t
h
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m
et
h
o
d
s
as
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
ex
tr
ac
ted
w
er
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
elate
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c
lu
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to
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a
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ch
itect
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f
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s
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o
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f
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f
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llab
o
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ile
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.
T
h
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
o
p
io
n
io
n
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
v
alid
atio
n
,
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
er
e
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
ac
e
t.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
elec
ted
w
a
s
also
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
m
ap
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
el,
to
o
l,
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
in
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ac
et.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
in
[
2
6
]
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
g
ath
er
in
g
p
r
o
o
f
s
b
y
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
ap
er
s
an
d
j
o
u
r
n
als.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
r
ele
v
an
t
to
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
r
ev
ie
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
2
7
]
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
en
ial
o
f
s
er
v
ice
attac
k
s
(
DDo
S).
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
co
n
d
u
cted
th
e
r
ev
iew
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
p
ics
o
f
tech
n
iq
u
e,
v
ar
iab
le,
to
o
ls
,
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
p
o
in
t
in
t
i
m
e.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
n
eu
r
al
n
e
t
wo
r
k
an
d
e
n
tr
o
p
y
.
I
t
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
to
o
ls
ar
e
m
at
lab
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
u
lato
r
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
u
al
l
y
ap
p
lied
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n
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
DDo
S
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
2
8
]
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
tr
u
s
t
-
b
ased
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
o
r
w
ir
eles
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
SNs
)
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
an
tita
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
it
u
tili
ze
d
2
4
ar
ticles
in
th
e
r
ev
ie
w
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
to
p
ics
o
f
d
esi
g
n
s
,
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
th
e
W
SN
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
r
ef
er
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
tr
u
s
t
-
b
ased
s
ec
u
r
e
r
o
u
tin
g
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
2
9
]
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
li
ter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
e
n
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
s
u
es
a
n
d
ch
a
llen
g
es.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
us
ed
1
6
ar
ticles
to
ex
a
m
in
e
1
9
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
e
n
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e,
o
v
er
lap
p
in
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o
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g
an
izatio
n
al
r
u
les,
u
n
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lear
lead
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s
h
ip
as
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ll
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lac
k
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u
s
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ess
a
n
d
I
T
alig
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m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
ap
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co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itect
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p
tio
n
is
s
till
lo
w
esp
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o
r
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3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
1
4
,
2
6
]
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
g
u
id
elin
e
s
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
p
r
o
v
id
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th
e
d
esire
d
d
ir
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tio
n
f
o
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u
n
iq
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t
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co
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t
y
p
ica
l
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
m
ap
p
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g
s
t
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d
y
[
3
0
]
.
Fig
u
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1
d
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[
1
4
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3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h que
s
t
io
ns
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
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a
d
ee
p
u
n
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er
s
ta
n
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g
r
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n
m
o
d
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d
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al
y
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
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h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ar
e
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
est
io
n
s
:
R
Q
1
: W
h
ich
ar
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s
ar
e
co
v
er
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
an
d
w
h
at
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ap
er
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ar
e
co
v
er
ed
in
th
ese
ar
ea
s
?
R
Q
2
: W
h
at
s
o
r
t o
f
p
ap
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ar
e
is
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u
e
d
th
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ased
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s
ti
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ted
e
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n
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RQ
3
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h
at
r
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ch
ap
p
r
o
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h
es d
o
th
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s
t
u
d
ies ap
p
l
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n
d
w
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at
co
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tr
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en
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?
3
.
2
.
P
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m
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s
t
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T
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v
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m
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p
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.
3
.
3
.
Scre
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o
f
s
elec
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io
n c
rit
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ia
I
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
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s
s
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tio
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cr
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ter
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ir
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p
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t
h
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s
t
u
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y
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h
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i
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d
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clu
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cr
iter
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u
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th
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ap
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ab
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2
.
P
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p
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tr
ac
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T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
clu
s
io
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d
ex
cl
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s
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o
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cr
iter
ia
I
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C
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1843
3
.
4
.
K
ey
wo
rding
Ke
y
w
o
r
d
is
a
co
r
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
atic
r
ev
ie
w
p
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o
ce
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s
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k
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in
g
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m
p
r
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v
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h
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c
las
s
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ica
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
.
I
n
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
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s
c
h
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m
e
,
a
t
h
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m
a
t
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c
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
p
p
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c
h
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w
h
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c
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w
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s
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i
m
e
d
a
t
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
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g
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a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
p
o
r
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g
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m
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s
w
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h
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n
d
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r
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s
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d
e
r
a
t
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o
n
w
a
s
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
[
3
2
]
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
,
t
h
e
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
t
u
d
ies
w
er
e
r
ea
d
,
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
m
a
in
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
f
o
cu
s
t
h
at
r
ef
lecte
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
est
io
n
s
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
ce
p
t
s
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
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in
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
t
u
d
ies
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
clo
u
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
al
y
s
is
an
d
m
o
d
elli
n
g
.
T
h
er
ea
f
ter
,
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
s
et
o
f
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
a
s
g
at
h
er
ed
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
m
atic
an
al
y
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
f
o
r
m
a
h
i
g
h
-
le
v
el
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
.
Ke
y
w
o
r
d
i
n
g
w
a
s
p
ar
a
m
o
u
n
t
to
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ttin
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o
w
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th
e
ti
m
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
class
if
icatio
n
s
ch
e
m
e.
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r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
o
n
l
y
r
elev
a
n
t
ar
ticl
es
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
ec
es
s
itated
h
av
i
n
g
ad
eq
u
ate
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
.
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h
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
ap
er
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
m
o
d
elli
n
g
o
f
c
lo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
es
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
ar
ticle
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
w
a
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
r
ea
d
t
h
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b
ac
k
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o
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n
d
o
r
in
tr
o
d
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cto
r
y
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ar
t,
in
ad
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itio
n
to
th
e
co
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
n
a
r
ticle
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
eliab
le
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
i
s
t
h
e
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
a
clu
s
ter
o
f
w
o
r
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
th
r
ee
f
ac
ets.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
to
p
ics.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
ce
n
tr
ed
o
n
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
to
p
ics
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
h
ase
d
ea
lt
w
i
th
t
h
e
k
i
n
d
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
.
3
.
5
.
Resea
rc
h
t
y
pes
f
a
ct
w
it
h c
a
t
eg
o
ries a
nd
des
cr
iptio
n
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
3
3
]
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
t
em
a
t
i
c
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
y
t
em
a
t
i
c
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
w
e
r
e
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
class
i
f
ica
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
elo
w
.
a.
P
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
p
ap
er
s
:
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
p
ap
er
s
h
elp
s
i
n
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
an
d
also
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
b.
Op
in
io
n
P
ap
er
s
:
o
p
in
io
n
p
ap
er
s
o
f
f
er
s
in
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
to
a
r
e
s
e
ar
ch
er
's
m
i
n
d
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
a
f
ield
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
.
c.
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
p
ap
er
:
th
er
e
ar
e
o
u
ts
ta
n
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
s
b
r
o
u
g
h
t to
t
h
e
f
o
r
e
in
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
f
u
r
th
er
s
t
u
d
ies.
d.
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
R
esear
ch
:
T
h
er
e
ar
e
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
E
v
al
u
atio
n
r
esear
ch
o
f
f
er
o
u
tco
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
m
eth
o
d
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
e.
Valid
atio
n
r
esear
ch
:
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
o
f
f
er
v
a
lu
ab
le
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
r
ac
tical
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
in
t
h
e
asp
ec
t o
f
v
alid
atio
n
r
esear
ch
.
f.
So
lu
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
al:
Mo
s
t
r
ese
ar
ch
is
tar
g
eted
to
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
So
lu
tio
n
r
esear
ch
s
o
lv
es
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
ar
e
also
m
ad
e
a
v
ailab
l
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
i
n
[
3
3
]
,
w
er
e
d
ee
m
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
ac
et.
P
r
i
m
ar
y
s
t
u
d
ie
s
in
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
w
er
e
class
i
f
ied
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ies an
d
d
escr
ip
tio
n
ab
o
v
e
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
ac
et.
3
.
6
.
Da
t
a
ex
t
ra
ct
io
n a
nd
m
a
pp
in
g
s
t
ud
ies
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ata
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
d
o
n
e
o
n
a
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
s
h
ee
t.
T
h
e
E
x
ce
l
s
h
ee
t
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
en
ter
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
th
e
clas
s
if
icatio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
n
a
g
g
r
eg
ated
in
to
tab
le
s
co
n
tain
i
n
g
eith
er
th
e
“
to
p
ic
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
”
o
r
“
to
p
ic
an
d
r
esear
ch
ex
tr
ac
ts
”.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
s
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
u
ilt
f
r
o
m
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
h
ee
t.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
w
a
s
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
w
h
ic
h
asp
ec
t
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
clo
u
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
er
e
e
m
p
h
a
s
ized
m
o
r
e
in
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
en
ab
led
th
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
g
ap
s
a
n
d
in
ef
f
ec
t
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
.
E
x
ce
l
tab
les
ar
e
v
al
u
ab
le
to
o
ls
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
b
u
b
b
le
p
lo
ts
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
b
u
b
b
le
p
lo
ts
o
f
f
er
s
a
p
ict
o
r
ial
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
e
x
tr
ac
ted
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ap
s
alo
n
g
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
ad
r
an
t
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
clo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
ab
le
t
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
g
ap
s
i
n
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
t
u
d
y
an
d
n
o
ticed
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
w
a
s
li
m
ited
w
o
r
k
b
ein
g
d
o
n
e
i
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
ar
e
a.
4
.
1
.
T
o
pic
a
nd
co
ntr
ibu
t
io
n f
a
ce
t
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ac
et
f
o
cu
s
o
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
in
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
li
s
ted
b
elo
w
[
2
3
]
:
a.
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
:
A
w
ell
-
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
an
d
d
etailed
m
e
th
o
d
,
w
ith
w
id
e
s
co
p
e
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
o
r
ar
ea
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
:
1
8
3
9
-
1848
1844
b.
Mo
d
el
:
P
r
o
v
id
es
an
ab
s
tr
ac
t
io
n
v
ie
w
o
f
a
to
p
ic
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
a
tan
g
ib
le
a
n
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
c.
T
o
o
l
: P
r
o
v
id
es m
ea
n
s
o
f
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
a
co
n
ce
p
t u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
to
o
l
d.
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
: A
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
e
m
p
ir
ic
all
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
s
)
e.
Me
tr
ic
: P
r
o
v
id
es g
u
id
eli
n
es
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
f.
Me
th
o
d
: Fo
cu
s
e
s
o
n
a
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
w
it
h
a
n
ar
r
o
w
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
o
r
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
A
lo
t
o
f
p
ap
er
s
o
n
to
p
ic
s
a
n
d
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
s
w
er
e
id
en
t
if
i
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
to
p
ics
lik
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
i
ce
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e,
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
an
d
i
m
p
ac
t
w
er
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
y
w
er
e
th
e
o
n
es
m
o
s
tl
y
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
,
th
e
to
p
ics
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
t
h
e
tr
en
d
i
n
g
to
p
ics.
T
o
p
ics
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
als
o
ce
n
tr
al
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
ese
t
o
p
ics
tak
en
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
clas
s
if
ic
atio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
Qu
alit
y
o
f
Ser
v
ice
R
esp
o
n
s
e
t
i
m
e
A
r
c
h
itect
u
r
e
I
m
p
ac
t
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
t
u
d
ies
li
s
ted
f
o
r
ex
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
to
p
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
to
p
ics
in
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
to
p
ics
in
th
e
r
esear
c
h
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
is
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
ap
cr
ea
ted
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
w
h
ich
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
m
o
d
el
in
r
ela
tio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
a
l
y
s
is
a
n
d
m
o
d
ell
in
g
o
f
clo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
ad
2
8
.
5
7
%
o
u
t
o
f
1
0
5
p
ap
er
s
in
t
h
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
W
h
ile,
t
h
e
m
etr
ic,
to
o
l,
m
e
th
o
d
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
ad
an
o
v
er
all
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
4
.
7
0
%,
1
8
.
1
%,
2
6
.
6
7
%,
an
d
2
1
.
9
% r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
ap
er
s
r
ev
ie
w
ed
,
2
8
.
5
7
%
w
a
s
f
r
o
m
m
o
d
el
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
A
ls
o
,
0
.
9
5
%
o
f
m
o
d
el
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
w
e
r
e
o
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
1
.
9
%
w
a
s
o
n
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
,
1
1
.
4
3
%
w
e
r
e
o
n
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
1
4
.
2
9
%
w
e
r
e
o
n
d
esi
g
n
s
.
N
o
p
a
p
e
r
s
w
e
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
i
m
p
a
c
t
.
O
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
a
r
e
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4.
T
ab
le
3
.
P
r
im
ar
y
s
tu
d
ie
s
f
o
r
to
p
ic
a
n
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ac
ets
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
F
a
c
e
t
T
o
p
i
c
M
e
t
r
i
c
T
o
o
l
M
o
d
e
l
M
e
t
h
o
d
P
r
o
c
e
ss
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
5
3
,
1
,
7
,
4
4
,
5
6
,
8
7
,
47
3
7
,
9
,
2
8
,
2
9
,
3
0
,
3
2
,
3
3
,
5
5
,
7
4
,
7
0
,
9
8
,
1
0
4
,
1
2
2
,
1
3
0
,
1
3
3
2
0
,
2
2
,
2
5
,
3
6
,
5
7
,
7
1
,
9
0
,
9
5
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
31
5
4
,
1
2
0
2
1
,
8
2
,
8
5
,
8
9
,
1
1
9
2
,
1
7
,
2
4
,
5
2
,
8
0
,
9
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,
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2
9
R
e
sp
o
n
se
t
i
me
6
,
1
0
,
3
4
,
4
5
,
7
8
,
8
1
5
9
,
6
6
,
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2
4
1
2
7
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
1
1
,
1
9
,
2
6
,
3
8
,
4
8
,
7
5
,
7
9
,
6
8
,
8
3
,
1
1
7
,
1
2
8
,
1
3
2
8
,
4
3
,
4
6
,
7
3
93
D
e
si
g
n
2
7
,
1
2
3
1
3
,
1
6
4
,
5
,
4
9
,
6
0
,
6
4
,
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9
,
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6
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0
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2
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0
9
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4
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6
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1
1
I
mp
a
c
t
3
,
1
1
8
1
4
,
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5
1
1
3
1
8
,
6
7
,
8
6
,
8
8
,
1
0
0
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
4
.
7
6
%
1
8
.
0
1
%
2
8
.
5
7
%
2
6
.
6
7
%
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1
.
9
0
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
to
p
ics o
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
s
ystema
tic
ma
p
p
in
g
s
tu
d
y
o
f
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
mo
d
ellin
g
o
f c
lo
u
d
s
ystems
…
(
I
s
a
a
c
Od
u
n
-
A
yo
)
1845
4
.
2
T
o
pic a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
h f
a
ce
t
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
tu
d
ies
l
is
ted
f
o
r
ex
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
ag
a
in
s
t
t
h
e
to
p
ic
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
to
p
ics
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
e
v
o
lv
i
n
g
v
er
y
f
ast
an
d
s
o
ar
e
t
h
e
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
er
v
ices
b
ei
n
g
o
f
f
er
ed
.
C
lo
u
d
u
s
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
alik
e
ar
e
b
en
ef
itti
n
g
f
r
o
m
clo
u
d
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
h
as
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
r
esear
ch
ed
ef
f
o
r
ts
b
o
th
w
it
h
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
a
m
o
n
g
r
esear
c
h
i
n
s
ti
tu
tio
n
s
alik
e.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
w
ill
r
eq
u
ir
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
y
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
clie
n
ts
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
m
u
s
t
al
s
o
s
tr
i
v
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
t
an
o
p
ti
m
u
m
lev
el.
T
h
is
h
a
s
led
to
lo
ts
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
a
l
y
s
is
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
clo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Sev
er
al
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ac
t
s
tu
d
ie
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
No
t
w
i
th
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
s
till
e
x
is
ts
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
ad
eq
u
ate
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
at
w
i
ll
en
ab
le
u
p
co
m
i
n
g
r
esear
c
h
e
r
s
i
n
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
co
n
d
u
c
t
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
atic
m
ap
cr
ea
ted
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
id
en
ti
f
ied
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
g
ap
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
ie
ld
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
A
r
ea
s
in
clo
u
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
n
o
t b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
ar
e
n
o
w
av
a
ilab
l
e
t
o
in
ter
ested
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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(
I
s
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a
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Od
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1847
ACK
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WL
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D
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Bu
y
y
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
P
rin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
P
a
r
a
d
ig
m
s,”
N
e
w
J
e
rs
e
y
:
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
P
.
M
e
ll
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
NIST
De
f
in
it
io
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
NIS
T
S
p
e
c
ia
l
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Clo
u
d
T
r
u
st
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
-
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts,”
Lec
tu
re
No
tes
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
W
o
rld
Co
n
g
re
ss
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
,
USA
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
6
9
-
3
7
4
.
[4
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
A
y
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Clo
u
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
-
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
W
o
rld
Co
n
g
re
ss
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
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a
n
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ra
n
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isc
o
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
7
-
3
6
2
.
[5
]
T
.
A
b
a
y
o
m
i
-
Zan
n
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Clo
u
d
Id
e
n
ti
ty
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
-
A
Crit
ic
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
sis
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rs
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ie
n
ti
sts 2
0
1
9
IM
E
CS
2
0
1
9
,
H
o
n
g
Ko
n
g
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
-
1
7
5
.
[6
]
E.
P
r
o
k
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
T
e
stin
g
in
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
Glo
b
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Clu
d
a
n
d
De
strib
u
ted
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
S
.
A
d
d
a
m
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
W
e
b
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ia
a
S
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
P
latf
o
rm
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
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t
e
r A
p
p
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ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
N.
Kh
a
n
g
h
a
h
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cl
o
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
:
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
S
e
rv
ice
s a
n
d
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
(
IJ
CCS
A)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
4
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
L
.
E.
Ba
u
ti
sta
V
il
lalp
a
n
d
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
b
ig
d
a
ta
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Clo
u
d
Co
mp
u
t
i
n
g
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
L
.
C
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
u
l
t
i
v
a
t
i
n
g
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
C
l
o
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
”
P
N
S
Q
C
2
0
1
6
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
.
[1
1
]
O.
Os
e
m
we
g
ie,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Be
n
c
h
m
a
rk
in
g
o
f
K
ey
-
V
a
lu
e
S
to
re
No
S
QL
Da
tab
a
se
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
3
-
5
3
4
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
A
.
Ö
z
d
e
m
ir,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
iff
e
re
n
t
c
l
a
ss
if
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
u
si
n
g
d
iff
e
re
n
t
d
a
tas
e
ts
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
5
8
4
-
3
5
9
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
S
.
J.
A
.
Na
ir,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
VM
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
p
o
l
icy
in
c
lo
u
d
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
9
6
1
-
4
9
6
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
K.
P
e
ters
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
fo
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
ies
in
s
o
f
tw
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
:
A
n
u
p
d
a
te,”
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
o
ft
wa
re
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
J.
L
.
B
a
rro
s
-
Ju
sto
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l:
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
u
sin
g
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
a
tt
e
rn
s d
u
rin
g
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
in
re
a
l
-
w
o
rld
se
tt
in
g
s,”
a
rXiv:
1
7
0
1
.
0
5
7
4
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
s
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
y
o
f
c
lo
u
d
p
o
li
c
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
m
o
d
e
ls,”
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Kin
g
S
a
u
d
Un
ive
rs
it
y
-
Co
mp
u
te
r a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
V
.
d
o
s
S
a
n
to
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
z
in
g
th
e
u
se
o
f
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
m
a
p
s
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
:
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
y
,
”
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
in
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
7
-
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
V
irt
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,
C
o
n
tai
n
e
riza
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
,
a
n
d
Orc
h
e
stra
ti
o
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
S
e
rv
ice
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
1
6
2
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
4
0
2
-
4
1
7
.
[1
9
]
M
.
R.
d
.
A
.
S
o
u
z
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
y
o
n
g
a
m
e
-
re
late
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
so
f
twa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
f
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wa
re
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
-
2
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
M
.
M
e
rn
ik
,
“
Do
m
a
in
-
S
p
e
c
if
ic
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s:
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
S
tu
d
y
,
”
in
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
u
rr
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s i
n
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Pr
a
c
ti
c
e
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
0
1
3
9
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
4
6
4
-
4
7
2
.
[2
1
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Clo
u
d
De
sig
n
a
n
d
De
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
M
o
d
e
ls:
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
S
tu
d
y
,
”
BM
C
Res
e
a
e
rc
h
No
tes
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
3
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
A
.
A
.
S
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
ies
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
re
Clo
u
d
T
e
s
ti
n
g
M
e
th
o
d
s,
”
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
Qu
a
li
ty,
Reli
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rity
Co
mp
a
n
io
n
(
QRS
-
C
)
,
P
ra
g
u
e
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
5
5
5
-
5
6
2
.
[2
3
]
B.
I.
Ya
'
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
s
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
m
a
p
p
in
g
stu
d
y
o
n
c
lo
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
tes
ti
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
8
5
-
5
2
7
.
2
0
1
9
[2
4
]
P
.
Bre
re
to
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
e
ss
o
n
s
f
ro
m
a
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
ie
w
p
ro
c
e
ss
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
so
f
twa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
d
o
m
a
in
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
S
o
ft
w
a
re
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
-
5
8
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
5
]
I.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
S
tu
d
y
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
a
n
d
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
u
se
o
f
c
lo
u
d
,
”
ICIC
Exp
re
ss
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
Pa
rt B
:
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
9
7
-
8
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
B.
Kit
c
h
e
n
h
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
ie
w
s
in
so
f
t
w
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
-
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
te
ra
tu
re
re
v
ie
w
,
”
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
o
ft
wa
re
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogy
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
7
]
S
.
Bra
v
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
o
f
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
D
Do
S
a
tt
a
c
k
s
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
I
J
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
R.
W
.
A
n
w
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
ie
w
o
n
d
e
sig
n
in
g
tru
st
-
b
a
se
d
se
c
u
r
it
y
f
o
r
W
S
N
s,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
5
-
14
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
9
]
N.
A
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
terp
rise
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
issu
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s:
a
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
te
ra
tu
re
re
v
ie
w
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
I
J
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
9
-
4
0
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
A
.
C.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
y
s
tem
a
ti
c
M
a
p
p
in
g
S
tu
d
y
o
f
S
o
f
t
wa
re
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
f
o
r
Clo
u
d
Ba
se
d
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IT
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
Co
p
e
n
h
a
g
e
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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t J
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&
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11
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,
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r
il
2
0
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:
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8
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-
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1848
[3
1
]
C.
W
o
h
li
n
,
“
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
f
o
r
sn
o
w
b
a
ll
in
g
in
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
st
u
d
ies
a
n
d
a
re
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
in
so
f
tw
a
r
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
1
8
t
h
i
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
ss
e
ss
me
n
t
in
s
o
ft
w
a
re
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
n
o
.
3
8
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
10
.
[
3
2
]
V
.
B
r
a
u
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
U
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
Q
u
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
p
s
y
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h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
7
-
1
0
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
3
]
R.
W
ierin
g
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
p
a
p
e
r
c
las
sif
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
c
rit
e
ria:
A
p
ro
p
o
sa
l
a
n
d
a
d
isc
u
ss
io
n
,
”
Req
u
ire
me
n
ts E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Is
a
a
c
A.
O
d
u
n
-
Ay
o
wa
s
b
o
rn
i
n
Iles
h
a
,
Nig
e
ria
in
1
9
6
2
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
,
M
.
S
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
B
e
n
in
,
Be
n
in
Cit
y
,
Nig
e
ria.
Be
t
w
e
e
n
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
h
e
w
a
s
a
fa
c
u
lt
y
a
n
d
Dire
c
to
r
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
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a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
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ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
t
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
De
f
e
n
c
e
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
A
b
u
ja,
Nig
e
ria.
He
jo
in
e
d
th
e
f
a
c
u
lt
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o
f
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v
e
n
a
n
t
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ota
,
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e
ria
a
s
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
He
is
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
o
f
o
n
e
b
o
o
k
a
n
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
4
4
jo
u
r
n
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
rti
c
les
in
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
t
e
re
st
in
c
lu
d
e
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
h
u
m
a
n
re
so
u
rc
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
e
-
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
Dr.
Od
u
n
-
Ay
o
is
a
re
c
ip
ien
t
o
f
th
e
Na
t
io
n
a
l
P
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
Ord
e
r
o
f
M
e
rit
Aw
a
rd
,
Nig
e
ri
a
f
o
r
h
is
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
to
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
He
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
Nig
e
ria
Co
m
p
u
te
r
S
o
c
iety
(NCS),
Co
m
p
u
ter
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
ls
o
f
Nig
e
ria
(CP
N),
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
A
ss
o
c
iatio
n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(I
A
EN
G
),
In
stit
u
te
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs (IE
EE
)
a
n
d
M
e
m
b
e
r
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
In
stit
u
te (IS
I).
To
r
o
-
A
b
a
si
W
il
li
a
m
s
is
a
re
se
a
rc
h
a
ss
istan
t
a
n
d
a
p
o
stg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Co
v
e
n
a
n
t
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Nig
e
ria
.
He
tak
e
s
tu
to
rials
f
o
r
se
v
e
ra
l
c
o
u
rse
s
a
t
th
e
p
o
st
-
g
ra
d
u
a
te
lev
e
l.
He
h
a
s
a
p
a
ss
io
n
f
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
ics
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
.
W
il
li
a
m
s
h
a
s
so
m
e
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
a
rt
if
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
so
f
tw
a
r
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
M.
O
.
O
d
u
s
a
m
i
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ilo
rin
,
Kw
a
ra
S
tate
,
Nig
e
ria
in
2
0
0
0
.
S
h
e
f
u
rth
e
r
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
(M
.
S
c
.
)
in
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ro
m
th
e
Be
ll
s
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ota
in
2
0
1
5
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
r
re
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
th
e
Co
v
e
n
a
n
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ot
a
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
se
v
e
ra
l
p
ro
f
e
s
sio
n
a
l
b
o
d
ies
su
c
h
a
s
th
e
Nig
e
rian
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(NSE
),
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(NIEE
),
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
sc
h
o
larly
jo
u
rn
a
ls
b
o
th
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
.
S
h
e
is
a
L
e
c
tu
re
r
II
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
v
e
n
a
n
t
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ota
,
Og
u
n
S
tate
J
a
m
a
ia
h
Y
a
h
a
y
a
is
As
so
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(F
T
S
M
),
T
h
e
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
(UK
M
)
sin
c
e
Ju
l
y
,
2
0
1
1
.
P
rio
r
t
h
a
t
sh
e
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
No
rth
e
r
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
(UU
M
)
a
n
d
a
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
st
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
r
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
w
a
s
BS
c
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
W
isc
o
n
sin
-
L
a
Cro
ss
e
,
US
A
(1
9
8
6
),
M
S
c
in
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Lee
d
s
,
UK
(1
9
9
8
),
a
n
d
P
h
D
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
T
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
(UK
M
)
(2
0
0
7
).
He
r
P
h
D
t
h
e
sis
w
a
s
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
re
c
e
rti
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
late
r,
sh
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
D
re
se
a
rc
h
a
s
a
p
o
st
-
d
o
c
t
o
ra
l
f
e
ll
o
w
in
UK
M
(2
0
0
8
).
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
th
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
P
h
D
p
ro
g
ra
m
in
F
T
S
M
,
U
KM.
He
r
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
so
f
t
w
a
re
q
u
a
li
ty
,
so
f
t
w
a
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
so
f
tw
a
r
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
im
p
a
c
t.
S
h
e
is
a
n
a
c
ti
v
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
w
it
h
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
0
0
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s f
o
r
th
e
las
t
5
y
e
a
rs.
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