Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
5238
~
5244
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
5238
-
52
44
5238
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
A Minia
ture Br
oadBand
Mi
crostr
ip Anten
na for L
TE, Wi
-
Fi
and Wi
MAX A
pp
lications
Z
ak
aria
Er
-
re
gu
ig
,
H
as
s
an
Amm
or
Resea
rch
T
ea
m
i
n
Sm
art
Com
m
u
nic
a
ti
ons, E3S R
ese
arc
h
Cen
te
r
,
Moham
m
adi
a
School
of Engin
ee
r
ing,
Univ
ersity
Moham
m
ed
V i
n
Rabat,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r 30
, 201
8
Re
vised
Jun
6
,
201
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
29
, 2
01
8
A
Com
pac
t
m
ic
rostrip
ant
enn
a
with
recta
ngul
ar
slott
ed
rad
ia
t
ing
e
le
m
ent
has
bee
n
dev
el
op
ed.
Four
slots
have
bee
n
int
rodu
c
ed
on
the
rad
i
ating
elem
ent
with
the
use
of
a
p
art
i
al
groun
d
pla
n
e
and
a
wideba
nd
r
esponse
has
be
e
n
obta
in
ed.
Th
e
bandwidt
h
of
t
he
proposed
an
te
nna
is
1.
7
G
Hz
with
a
per
ce
n
ta
g
e
band
width
of
71%.
A l
ow
-
cost
die
l
ec
t
ric
(FR4_EP
OX
Y) ha
s be
en
conside
red
in
t
he
developm
ent
of
the
propos
ed
antenna
.
Th
e
obtained
fre
quency
band
i
s
from
1.
9
GH
z
to
3.
6
GH
z.
To
i
nvesti
gate
the
ro
bustness
of
our
m
odel
le
d
an
te
nna
th
e
sim
ula
ti
on
proc
ess
has
bee
n
ca
rr
ie
d
ou
t
using
two
diffe
ren
t
solve
rs
(Finit
e
Elem
ent
Method
and
Finit
e
Int
egr
ation
Te
chn
ique
)
.
In
addi
ti
on
,
th
e
designe
d
ante
nna
was
rea
l
ized
and
the
s
e
r
esult
s
were
compare
d
with
t
hose
of
the
sim
ula
ti
on
.
Th
e
proposed
ant
enn
a
is
suita
ble
fo
r
m
an
y
LTE
band
s
{1,
3,
7…
38,
40}
broa
dl
y
d
e
plo
y
ed
in
Europ
ea
n,
South
Am
eri
ca
n,
As
ian,
and
Afric
an
count
ri
es,
W
i
-
Fi
(2.
4
GH
z),
and
W
iMA
X
te
chno
log
y
(3
.
5
GH
z).
Ke
yw
or
d:
LTE
bands
Mi
cro
strip
an
te
nn
a
Slott
ed
a
nten
na
Wi
-
Fi
W
iM
AX
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights
reserv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Zakar
ia
ER
-
R
EGUI
G
,
Re
search
Tea
m
o
n
Sm
art Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s,
Re
search
Cent
er E
3S
,
Mo
ha
m
m
adia Sch
oo
l of En
gin
ee
rin
g,
Av
e
nue
Ibn Si
na
B.
P
765, A
gdal
–
Ra
bat, Mo
ro
cc
o.
Em
a
il
:
Zakar
ia
Err
e
guig@
rese
arch.em
i.ac.
m
a
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Mi
cro
strip
pat
ch
a
nten
nas
a
r
e
widely
us
ed
beca
us
e
of
th
ei
r
intrin
sic
ch
aracte
risti
cs
of
sm
all
siz
e,
li
gh
t
weig
ht,
e
asi
ness
of
m
as
s
-
pro
duct
io
n,
e
tc
.
Howe
ver,
the
usual
m
ic
ro
strip
patc
h
ant
enn
a
is
le
ss
wide
a
nd
sm
a
ll
in
te
r
m
of
ba
ndwidt
h
[1
]
.
T
o
e
nhan
ce
thes
e
c
har
a
ct
erist
ic
s
diff
e
ren
t
researc
h
works
are
issu
ed
t
o
ov
e
rcam
e
the
lim
it
at
ion
of
band
width,
this
is
the
m
a
in
disa
dv
a
ntag
e
of
a
nten
nas
that
us
e
m
icr
os
t
ri
p
te
chnolo
gy.
It
was
wi
dely
dis
cusse
d
in
diff
e
ren
t
re
searc
h
pa
per
s
[
2
-
6]
tha
t
the
m
ulti
ple
fr
eq
ue
ncy
ba
nds
can
be
ob
ta
in
ed
by
us
i
ng
sh
a
pe
d
anten
nas.
Mi
cr
os
trip
ante
nna
is
pr
e
sently
de
sign
e
d
by
the
r
esearche
rs
[
7
-
11]
to
fit
in
the
bro
adb
a
nd
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s.
H
ow
e
ve
r
the
re
gain
is
reduce
d
with
the
e
nlar
ge
m
ent
of
ba
ndwidt
h.
Currentl
y,
the
m
ajo
r
goal
f
or
re
searc
h
er
s
is
to
increase
bo
th
t
he
ba
ndwi
dth
a
nd
ga
in.
The
ci
rc
ul
ar
an
d
rectan
gu
la
r
an
te
nn
as
that
use
m
ic
ro
strip
te
chnolo
gy,
ha
ve
m
od
est
ban
dwidt
h
res
pons
e.
By
chang
ing
the
structu
re
of the
grou
nd p
la
ne or
the
rad
ia
ti
ng
ele
m
ent, it has
b
ee
n
im
pr
ove
d [12
-
14]
.
The
c
om
pact
a
nten
na
m
anu
fa
ct
ur
e
d
us
i
ng
th
e
m
ic
ro
strip
te
chnolo
gy
an
d
pro
po
se
d
in
t
hi
s
pa
per
was
desig
ne
d
with
m
od
ifing
both
the
rad
ia
ti
ng
el
e
m
ent
by
introdu
ci
ng
four
sl
ot
s
and
us
i
ng
a
par
ti
al
gro
und
plane.
Also
a
la
r
ge
ba
ndwidt
h
is
ac
hieve
d
in
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
ba
nd
of
i
nterest
(
1.9
GH
z
-
3.6
GH
z
).
The
pr
opos
e
d
anten
na
has
be
en
fabrica
te
d
us
in
g
a
lo
w
-
c
ost
substrat
e
(FR
4_
E
POX
Y)
with
ε
r
=
4.4
as
relat
ive
per
m
i
tt
ivit
y
and
1.58
m
m
a
s
thickness
.
Th
e
rest
of
the
pa
per
is
arr
a
nge
d
as
fo
ll
ows:
anten
na
desi
gn
in
Sect
ion
2,
r
es
ults
and d
isc
us
si
on
in Secti
on
3
a
nd c
on
cl
us
io
n
i
n Sect
ion 4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
e
Br
oadB
and Mi
cr
os
tri
p Ante
nna f
or
L
TE,
Wi
-
F
i and W
iM
AX
Ap
plicati
ons
(
Za
k
ar
ia
Er
-
reg
uig
)
5239
2.
AN
TE
NNA S
TRU
CTU
RE
In
t
his
sect
io
n,
em
ph
asi
s
will
be
placed
on
t
he
syst
em
atic
t
ran
sit
io
n
f
r
om
the
ante
nn
a
str
uctu
re
1
to
the
fi
nal
a
dopt
ed
str
uct
ur
e 3
.
As
s
how
n
i
n
Figure 1
,
a
sim
ple
rectan
gula
r
m
ic
ro
strip p
at
c
h
a
nten
na
(a
ntenn
a
1)
wh
ic
h
rad
ia
te
s
at
a
centre
fr
equ
e
ncy
of
2.4
GH
z
has
bee
n
syntheti
zed
ba
sed
on
the
w
ork
of
B
hatia
et
al
[1
5]
who
s
pecifies
the
width o
f
t
he
conv
e
ntio
nal
patch
a
nte
nn
a
as:
Fig
ure
1. Ev
ol
ution o
f
t
he pr
opo
se
d
a
nten
na
m
od
el
li
ng
W
=
2
f
r
√
ε
r
+
1
2
(1)
Wh
e
re
fr
a
nd
ε
r
are
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
a
nd
relat
ive
diele
ct
ric
co
ns
ta
nt
of
the
substrat
e,
one
-
to
-
one
.
The
n,
t
he
ef
fec
ti
ve
diele
ct
ric i
s for
m
ulate
d
by
G
il
b
a
nd Bal
anis [1
6] as:
ε
re
ff
=
ε
r
+
1
2
+
ε
r
−
1
2
(
1
+
12
h
W
)
−
1
2
(2)
Wh
e
re
h
is
t
he
heig
ht
or
t
he
thickne
ss
of
t
he
diele
ct
ric
substrat
e
us
e
d
f
or
the
m
od
el
of
the
stu
die
d
anten
na.
[
17
]
gi
ve
the a
ct
ual l
eng
t
h of t
he pa
tc
h
ante
nna
by
this eq
uatio
n:
L
=
2
f
r
√
ε
r
−
2
∆
L
(3)
Wh
e
re
∆
L
is
the
add
it
io
n
of
the
patch
le
ng
t
h
on
the
e
nds
of
t
he
m
ic
ro
strip
a
nten
na
that
is
giv
e
n
by
Ham
m
erstad:
∆
L
=
0
.
412h
(
ε
reff
+
0
.
3
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
264
)
(
ε
reff
−
0
.
2
5
8
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
8
)
(4)
The w
ho
le
gro
und plane
len
gt
h
an
d widt
h
ca
n be c
onsidere
d
as:
{
L
=
6h
+
L
,
W
=
6h
+
W
(5)
Figure
2
s
hows
3
D
l
ay
ou
t a
nd i
m
age o
f
t
he
r
eal
iz
ed
anten
na
.
I
n
ad
diti
on, a
g
r
ound
def
ec
te
d
str
uctu
r
e
(GDS
)
ha
s
bee
n
re
placed
by
the
cl
assic
fu
ll
gro
und
plane
and
it
s
dim
ension
s
a
re
cal
cul
at
ed
acco
rd
i
ng
to
a
par
am
et
ric
stud
y
f
or
ba
ndwi
dth
e
nhanc
em
e
nt.
S
o,
f
our
op
en
sl
ots
are
int
rod
uced
into
the
rad
ia
ti
ng
el
e
m
ent
(Rect
angular
a
t
the
base)
,
th
e
di
m
ension
s
of
these
sl
ots
(w
i
dth
,
le
ngth
)
are
op
ti
m
iz
ed
to
hav
e
the
widest
band
width
pos
sible.
Als
o,
Kuo
an
d
Hsieh
[
18]
achieve
d
th
e
CP
us
in
g
tria
ngular
s
ha
ped
DGS
coi
nciding
wit
h
the
co
r
ner
s
of
equ
il
at
eral
tria
ng
le
.
T
his
te
ch
nique
has
been
integ
rated
t
o
the
ra
diati
ng
el
e
m
ent
of
t
he
st
ud
ie
d
anten
na
(a
nten
na
str
uctur
e
3),
to
achie
ve
th
e
ci
rcu
la
r
po
la
rizat
ion
(CP
)
c
har
act
erist
ic
s.
The
fi
nal
Mi
cro
stri
p
patch
a
nten
na
(MPA)
that
ha
s
been
a
dopte
d
(F
ig
ur
e
3)
c
on
sist
s
of
th
ree
la
ye
rs:
Partia
l
gr
ou
nd,
substrat
e
and
m
od
ifie
d
patc
h.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5238
-
52
44
5240
Figure
2. 3D la
yout a
nd im
age of
the
r
eal
iz
e
d
a
nten
na
The
diele
ct
ric
su
bst
rate
us
e
d
for
the
desig
n
of
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
ante
nna
is
F
R4_
E
poxy
of
t
hick
ness
1.5
8
mm
with
a
diele
ct
ric
const
ant
εr
=
4.4
.
It
is
co
m
m
on
ly
kn
ow
n
in
the
li
te
ratur
e
t
hat
the
us
e
of
s
ubstrat
es
with
a
low
thic
kn
es
s
and
per
m
it
ti
vit
y
m
akes
it
po
ssible
to
reduce
the
siz
e
of
the
anten
nas
[
19
]
.
An
te
nn
a
feed
i
ng
i
s
perform
ed
by a
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne
, th
is a
d
a
pter
is
r
e
qu
ire
d
t
o ha
ve 50 Ω at
the
input o
f
t
he
m
i
cro
st
rip
a
nten
na
.
The
dim
ensions
of
the
substr
at
e
are
ta
ken
as
35
x
35
x
1.5
8
m
m
3
and
the
siz
e
of
the
part
ia
l
gr
ound
plane
is
8.7
5
x
35
m
m
2.
Figure
4
sho
ws
the
top
a
nd
bott
om
layers
of
the
fi
nal
ge
om
et
ry
of
the
s
tud
ie
d
anten
na.
All t
he
optim
al
an
te
nn
a
p
a
ram
et
ers
are s
umm
arize
d
in
Ta
ble 1.
Figure
3. The
geo
m
et
ry o
f
t
he
prop
os
ed
an
t
enn
a
(n
ot to
sc
al
e),
(a
) fr
ont s
ide v
ie
w,
(
b)
ri
gh
t
side
view
Figure
4. Com
par
is
on b
et
wee
n
the
r
e
flect
ion coe
ff
ic
ie
nts
S
11 ag
ai
ns
t f
re
quency
with a
parti
al
/full gro
und
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
e
Br
oadB
and Mi
cr
os
tri
p Ante
nna f
or
L
TE,
Wi
-
F
i and W
iM
AX
Ap
plicati
ons
(
Za
k
ar
ia
Er
-
reg
uig
)
5241
Table
1
.
Sp
eci
f
ic
at
ion
s
of
t
he pr
opos
e
d A
ntenn
a
Para
m
eter
Valu
e (
m
m
)
A
35
h
1
.58
a
9
.4
b
3
.8
c
9
.3
e,d
6
.5
f
1
2
.4
g
14
i
1
1
.9
j
8
.3
k
2
.8
l
2
.4
m
7
n
3
.1
o
4
.3
wf
2
.5
lg
8
.75
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
To
fig
ur
e
out
t
he
m
at
ching
o
f
an
a
nten
na,
th
e
S11
-
Param
eter
ca
n
be
us
ed
.
The
pl
ot
of
S
11
Pa
ram
et
er
against
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
sho
ws
that
it
is
<
-
10
dB
for
the
operati
on
al
ba
nd
a
s
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Fi
gures
(4
-
6)
.
Fi
gure
4
ind
ic
at
es the
d
i
ff
e
ren
t
values
of the
ref
le
ct
io
n
c
oeffici
ent fo
r our
pro
po
se
d anten
na 1 m
odel
.
The
S
11
par
a
m
et
er
ver
su
s
frequ
e
ncy
f
or
th
e
structu
re
1
is
sh
own
in
fig
ure
4.
T
he
first
po
i
nt
was
to
est
i
m
at
e
the
ef
fect
of
t
he
gr
ound
plane
on
t
he
enla
rg
em
ent
of
the
ba
ndw
idth,
a
par
t
ia
l
gro
und
pla
ne
a
ll
ow
ed
us
to
en
ha
nce
the
ba
ndwi
dth
,
narr
ow
at
ori
gi
n
with
the
us
e
of
a
fu
ll
ground
pla
ne.
The
par
ti
al
gro
und
plan
e
sh
ows
bette
r
re
tur
n
loss co
m
par
ed
to the full
gro
und
pla
ne
with an
e
nh
a
nc
e
m
ent o
f
981 M
Hz
com
par
e
d
to the
3
MHz
b
a
ndwi
dth
o
f
a ty
pical
m
ic
ro
strip
ant
enn
a
. Next,
fo
ur
open
slots
w
her
e
ad
de
d
to t
he
ra
diati
ng el
e
m
ent.
A
par
am
et
ric
stud
y
was
la
unc
hed
in
t
he
el
ec
trom
agn
et
ic
sol
ver
we
fixe
d
a
s
input
the
dim
ensio
ns
of
the
fou
r
slots
and
as
ob
j
ect
ive
to
f
ur
th
er
en
han
ce
the
bandw
i
dth
o
f
the
anten
na.
It
is
cl
ear
that
t
he
ba
ndwidt
h
of
t
he
structu
re
2
a
ga
inst
struct
ur
e
1
is
e
nh
a
nce
d
sign
ific
a
ntly
due
to
i
ntr
oduct
ion
of
slots
as
show
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
Finall
y
the
ed
ges
of
t
he
ante
nn
a
struc
ture
2
hav
e
bee
n
s
ha
rp
e
ne
d,
we
not
e
that
a
ba
ndw
idth
of
100
M
Hz
is
acqu
i
red in t
he
f
inal st
ru
ct
ur
e
3
as
sho
wn in Fi
gure
6.
Figure
5. Com
par
is
on b
et
wee
n
the
r
e
flect
ion
coeffic
ie
nts S1
1
a
gainst
fr
e
qu
ency o
f
t
he
str
uctu
res 1
and 2
Figure
6. Com
par
is
on b
et
wee
n
the
r
e
flect
ion
coeffic
ie
nts S1
1
a
gainst
fr
e
qu
ency o
f
t
he
str
uctu
res
2
a
nd 3
The
m
od
el
of
structu
re
3
ha
ve
bee
n
sim
ulate
d
in
tw
o
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
so
lve
rs
a
nd
w
hich
us
e
tw
o
m
et
ho
ds
of
ca
lc
ulati
on
,
it
ca
n
be
noti
ced
t
hat
there
is
a
ver
y
good
co
r
relat
ion
betwe
en
m
easur
em
e
nt
an
d
si
m
ulati
on
r
es
ul
ts
as il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ure
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5238
-
52
44
5242
Figure
7.
Com
par
is
on of sim
ulate
d vs
m
easur
e
d reflect
io
n coef
fici
ents
It
was
est
ablis
hed
t
hat
the
a
nten
na
res
onat
es
in
the
de
sir
ed
f
reque
ncy
band
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
7.
Indee
d,
f
or
|S1
1|
<
-
10
dB:
th
e
band
r
an
ges
from
1.
9
G
Hz
to
3.6
GH
z
wi
th
two
res
on
a
nt
fr
eq
ue
ncies
a
t
2.
4
GH
z
an
d
3.5
GH
z
.
T
he
ba
ndwi
dth
is
ap
pr
ox
im
at
el
y
17
00
M
Hz
wh
ic
h
us
ua
ll
y
su
it
abl
e
f
or
m
any
LTE
ba
nds
{1,
3,
7…
38,
40
}
broad
ly
de
plo
ye
d
in
E
uro
pean,
South
A
m
erican,
Asian
,
a
nd
A
fr
ic
a
n
c
ountries,
W
i
-
F
i
(2.
4
GH
z
),
an
d Wi
MAX
te
c
hnol
ogy (
3.5 GH
z) a
s d
esc
ribe
d
i
n Table
2.
Table
2: Cu
rr
e
nt Maj
or S
pectru
m
A
ll
ocati
ons for
LTE,
W
i
-
Fi an
d W
iM
A
X Worl
dwide
Stan
d
ard
Frequ
en
cy
Ban
d
(
MHz)
W
o
rld d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
LT
E
Ban
d
1
1920
-
2
1
7
0
Ch
in
a,
Jap
an
,
EU
LT
E
Ban
d
2
1850
-
1
9
9
0
No
rth/So
u
th
A
m
er
ica
LT
E
Ban
d
7
LT
E
Ban
d
33
2500
-
2
6
9
0
1900
-
1
9
2
0
No
rth/So
u
th
A
m
er
ica,
Af
ric
a
-
LT
E
Ban
d
34
2010
-
2
0
2
5
Ch
in
a
LT
E
Ban
d
35
1850
-
1
9
1
0
-
LT
E
Ban
d
36
1930
-
1
9
9
0
-
LT
E
Ban
d
37
1910
-
1
9
3
0
-
LT
E
Ban
d
38
2570
-
2
6
2
0
EU
LT
E
Ban
d
39
1880
-
1
9
2
0
Ch
in
a
LT
E
Ban
d
40
2300
-
2
4
0
0
Ch
in
a,
Asia
LT
E
Ban
d
41
2496
-
2
6
9
0
-
IE
E
E
8
0
2
.11
b
/g
/n
(W
i
-
Fi)
2400
-
2
5
0
0
Jap
an
,
EU,
Ch
in
a,
A
m
e
rica.
W
iM
AX
2
5
0
0
,
3
5
0
0
No
rth/So
u
th
A
m
er
ica,
EU,
Af
rica, As
ia,
Ch
in
a
Figure
8
show
s
the
fiel
d
patte
rn
in
2D
of
the
pro
pose
d
a
nten
na
at
three
fr
e
qu
e
ncies:
1.9
GH
z
,
2.
1
GH
z a
nd
3.5 GHz.
Th
e E (
x
-
y plane)
a
nd
H
(
y
-
z p
la
ne)
fiel
ds i
n
the f
igures
sh
ows that the
y hav
e al
m
os
t
good
Om
ni
-
directi
onal
ra
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
s.
It
m
a
y
be
note
d
t
hat
the
ty
pical
radi
at
ion
patte
r
ns
are
dom
inate
d
at
the
three
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncies:
A
t
1.9
GH
z
(t
he
infer
i
or
res
ona
nt
f
reque
ncy),
the
ra
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
of
t
he
a
nt
enn
a
is
si
m
i
la
r
to
th
at
of
a
c
onve
ntion
al
m
on
opol
e
patch
a
nten
na
in
fr
ee
sp
ace
,
with
a
s
o
-
cal
l
ed
'
doughnut'
sh
ape
.
The
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
at
the
higher
funct
io
ning
f
reque
ncy
beco
m
es
m
ore
irregular
.
F
or
both
case
s,
t
he
s
hap
e
of
t
he
pa
rtia
l
gro
und
plane
a
nd
the
sl
otted
ra
diati
ng
el
em
ent
aff
ect
s
c
on
si
der
a
bly
the
ra
di
at
ion
patte
r
ns
.
Th
e
pro
po
se
d
a
nte
nn
a
sho
ws
a
n
acce
ptable
Om
ni
-
directi
onal
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
eve
n
a
t
lower
an
d
higher
fr
e
qu
e
ncies, it
sh
oul
d
be n
oted
that t
he radia
ti
on
is focu
sed i
n
both
directi
ons of the
a
nten
na
w
hich
is
requir
e
d
to
receive
dat
a
sign
al
s
f
r
om
al
l
directi
on
s.
P
ubli
sh
e
d
work
res
ults
in
the
li
te
rature
with
this
w
ork
are
regrou
ped an
d com
p
ared
i
n
T
able 3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
e
Br
oadB
and Mi
cr
os
tri
p Ante
nna f
or
L
TE,
Wi
-
F
i and W
iM
AX
Ap
plicati
ons
(
Za
k
ar
ia
Er
-
reg
uig
)
5243
Figure
8. 2D
ra
diati
on
patte
r
ns o
f
the
pr
opose
d
a
nten
na
at
f
reque
ncies:
(
a
)
1
.
9 G
Hz,
(
b)
2.1 G
Hz
a
nd (
c
)
3
.
6
GHz
Table
3.
Re
s
ults o
f All
the Re
fer
e
nces a
nd
our
Wo
r
k
Article
No
.
Ban
d
wid
th
(GHz)
Di
m
en
sio
n
s
(
m
m
2
)
Ref
.
[
2
]
1
.5
-
2
.1
1
9
X
28
Ref
.
[
3
]
5
-
6
1
8
X
3
7
Ref
.
[
4
]
1
.9
-
2
.5
2
2
X
7
6
Ref
.
[
5
]
3
.2
-
4
.3
2
0
X
3
8
.5
Ref
.
[
6
]
2
.1
-
2
.75
4
5
X
3
0
Ref
.
[
1
1
]
3
.8
-
7
.6
3
1
X
2
4
.6
Ref
.
[
1
2
]
4
.5
-
5
.6
4
6
X38
Ref
.
[
1
3
]
1
.93
-
3
.74
6
0
X5
0
Ref
.
[
1
4
]
1
.93
-
3
.6
5
5
X
1
5
This
W
o
rk
1
.9
-
3
.6
3
5
X3
5
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
pa
pe
r,
a
m
iniat
ur
e
br
oadba
nd
m
ic
ro
strip
a
nten
na
f
or
LTE/
W
i
-
Fi/
W
iM
AX
ap
plica
ti
on
s
ha
s
been
de
velp
op
ped.
T
he
pro
pose
d
ante
nna
i
s
sim
ple
to
de
sign
a
nd
c
om
pact
in
siz
e,
it
pro
vid
es
broa
dban
d
i
m
ped
ance
m
at
ching,
sta
ble
om
nid
irect
ion
al
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
s
a
nd
s
uitable
gai
n
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
for
the
LTE/
W
i
-
Fi/
W
i
MAX
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
reg
io
n.
T
he
a
nten
na
ha
s
bee
n
desi
gn
e
d
on
a
ty
pical
FR4
su
bs
t
rate
an
d
ca
n
be
reali
zed
with
c
onve
ntion
al
P
r
inted
Ci
rcu
it
Boar
d
(P
CB
)
te
chn
i
qu
e
s,
the
re
fore,
this
pr
opos
e
d
anten
na
c
an
be
dep
l
oyed
m
or
e
ubiq
uitousl
y i
n
m
uch
lar
ger
nu
m
ber
s.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
thank
t
he
m
e
m
ber
s
of
th
e
la
b
(I
+D+
I
de
Tel
ecom
un
ic
aci
on
es
)
in
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
dep
a
rtm
ent
at
Ca
ntabr
ia
Un
i
ver
sit
y
in
Sp
ai
n
f
or
al
lo
wing
us
to
us
e
t
he
com
m
ercial
so
lvers
a
vaila
ble
in
there
la
borator
y.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
J.
P.
Gilb
and
C.
A.
Ba
la
nis,
"P
ulse
distort
io
n
on
m
ult
il
a
y
e
r
coupl
ed
m
i
cro
strip
li
n
es,
"
IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Mic
rowave
Theo
ry
and
Tech
niqu
es
,
Vol
.
37
,
N°.
10,
pp
.
1620
–
16
28,
1989
.
[2]
Kum
ar,
S.
and
Tomar,
R
,
“
A
dual
-
band
compac
t
pr
int
ed
m
on
opole
an
te
nna
using
m
ult
ipl
e
rec
t
angl
e
-
sh
ape
d
def
ecte
d
ground
struct
ur
es
and
cro
ss
-
shape
d
f
ee
d
l
ine
”
.
M
ic
r
ow.
Opt.
Techn
ol.
Let
t
.
,
57:
1
810
–
1813
,
2015
.
doi:
10.
1002
/mop.29195
[3]
H.
Zha
i
,
Z.
Ma
,
Y.
Han,
and
C.
Li
ang
,
“
A
comp
ac
t
prin
te
d
an
te
n
na
for
tri
pl
e
-
ban
d
W
LAN/W
iM
AX
appl
ic
ations,
”
IEE
E
Antennas
and
Wireless
Propagati
on
Le
tt
er
s
,
vol. 12, pp. 65
–
68,
2013
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5238
-
52
44
5244
[4]
Sam
bhe,
V.
K.,
Aw
al
e,
R
.
N.
a
nd
W
agh,
A
,
“
Dual
band
inve
r
te
d
L
-
shap
e
m
onopole
an
te
nn
a
for
ce
l
lular
pho
ne
appl
i
ca
t
ions
”
.
M
ic
row.
O
pt
.
Te
ch
nol.
Le
tt
.
,
56:
27
51
–
2755
,
2014
.
doi:
10.
1002
/mop.28697
[5]
Sim
,
C.
-
Y.
-
D.
,
Chen,
H.
-
D
.
,
Ye
h,
C.
-
H
.
and
Li
n
,
H.
-
L.
,
“
Sm
al
l
size
tri
p
le
band
m
onopole
ant
enn
a
with
a
par
asit
i
c
el
ement
”
.
Mic
ro
w.
Opt.
Techno
l. Let
t
.
,
57: 342
–
3
48
,
2015
.
doi
:10.1002/m
op.
28837
[6]
S
im,
C.
-
Y.
-
D.,
Hs
u,
Y.
-
W
.
and
Chao,
C.
-
H.
,
“
Dual
broa
dband
slot
antenna
d
esign
for
W
LAN
appl
icati
ons
”
.
Mic
row.
Opt
.
Te
chnol
.
Lett
.
,
56:
983
–
988
,
2014
.
doi:
10.
1002
/mop.28207
[7]
A.
Singh
et
al
.
“
Slots
and
Notche
s
Loa
ded
Micr
ostrip
Patc
h
Antenna
for
W
ire
le
s
s
Co
m
m
unic
at
io
n",
Inte
rnational
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol. 13
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
584
-
594,
Mar
ch
201
3.
[8]
Ningsih
Y K,
Ha
dine
goro
R.
“
Lo
w Mutua
l
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Dualba
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fee
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iptic
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