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[
1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2903
Ne
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ch
a
n
n
el
r
eg
io
n
[
2
2
,
23]
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
s
i
m
u
late
a
n
d
an
al
y
ze
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
c
h
an
n
el
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
[
len
g
t
h
(
L
)
,
w
id
t
h
(
W
)
,
an
d
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
(
T
o
x
)
]
o
n
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
;
(
i)
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
,
(
ii)
Su
b
th
r
es
h
o
ld
S
w
in
g
(
SS
)
,
T
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
T
)
,
an
d
Dr
ain
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
ar
r
ier
lo
w
er
i
n
g
(
DI
B
L
)
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
w
e
e
x
p
lo
it
a
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
,
K
to
d
o
w
n
s
ca
le
all
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
(
L
,
W
,
an
d
T
ox
)
to
g
eth
er
a
n
d
id
en
tify
t
h
e
b
es
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
,
an
d
n
ea
r
est
SS
t
o
th
e
id
ea
l
SS
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
th
e
b
es
t
ch
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
eli
n
g
.
Sectio
n
3
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
r
es
u
lt
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ar
e
d
r
a
w
n
u
p
i
n
Sectio
n
4
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n t
o
o
ls
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
wn
M
u
GFET
[
2
4
,
25]
w
h
ic
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
d
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
y
P
u
r
d
u
e
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
(
U
S
A
)
i
s
u
s
ed
a
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
l.
M
u
GF
E
T
ca
n
s
elec
t
e
ith
er
P
A
D
R
E
o
r
P
R
OP
HE
T
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
in
w
h
ic
h
b
o
th
s
i
m
u
lato
r
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
B
ell
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
ies.
P
R
OP
HE
T
is
a
p
ar
tial
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
eq
u
atio
n
p
r
o
f
iler
f
o
r
o
n
e,
t
w
o
o
r
th
r
ee
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
P
A
DR
E
i
s
a
d
ev
ice
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
i
m
u
lato
r
f
o
r
2
D
o
r
3
D
d
ev
ices
w
i
th
ar
b
itra
r
y
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
u
s
ef
u
l
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
i
c
FET
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
to
f
u
ll
y
ex
p
lain
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ics
o
f
FET
s
.
I
t
ca
n
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
el
f
-
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
p
o
is
o
n
an
d
d
r
if
t
-
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n de
s
ig
n
T
h
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
l
is
u
til
ize
d
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
c
h
a
n
n
e
l’
s
d
i
m
en
s
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
cu
r
v
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
ch
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
;
c
h
an
n
el
len
g
th
,
w
id
th
an
d
o
x
id
e
t
h
ic
k
n
es
s
i
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
,
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
–
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
I
d
–
V
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
at
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
3
0
0
K
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
v
a
l
u
e
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
l
e
n
g
t
h
(
L
)
(
1
0
,
1
5
,
2
5
,
3
5
a
n
d
4
5
)
n
m
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
w
i
d
t
h
(
W
)
(
5
,
1
0
,
1
2
,
1
5
a
n
d
2
0
)
n
m
O
x
i
d
e
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
ss (T
OX
)
(
1
.
5
,
2
.
5
,
5
a
n
d
7
)
n
m
S
c
a
l
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
K
)
(
0
.
1
2
5
,
0
.
2
5
,
0
.
5
a
n
d
1
.
0
0
)
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
-
t
y
p
e
10
16
cm
−3
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
N
-
t
y
p
e
10
19
cm
−3
Fo
u
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
w
er
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
etr
ics.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
ch
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
w
as
ch
a
n
g
ed
,
w
h
er
ea
s
o
th
er
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
(
W
an
d
T
o
x
)
w
er
e
k
ep
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
ch
a
n
g
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
w
as
i
n
v
est
ig
ate
d
w
h
ile
b
o
th
len
g
t
h
an
d
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
ch
a
n
n
e
l
w
er
e
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t.
I
n
t
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
,
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
w
as
ch
an
g
ed
an
d
le
n
g
th
a
n
d
w
id
th
w
er
e
f
ix
ed
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
c
h
an
gi
n
g
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
w
as
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
t
h
r
ee
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
all
at
o
n
ce
b
ased
o
n
a
ch
a
n
g
ea
b
le
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
to
e
v
al
u
ate
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
an
n
el
’
s
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
c
u
r
v
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
ch
an
n
el
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
; c
h
a
n
n
e
l le
n
g
t
h
,
w
id
t
h
an
d
o
x
id
e
th
ick
n
es
s
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
9
0
2
-
2909
2904
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
–
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
t
h
at
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
I
d
–
V
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FE
T
at
th
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
3
0
0
K
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
ev
al
u
ated
.
Fo
u
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
w
er
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
etr
ics.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
c
h
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
w
as
ch
a
n
g
ed
,
w
h
er
ea
s
o
th
er
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
(
W
an
d
T
OX
)
w
er
e
k
ep
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
w
a
s
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
w
h
ile
b
o
th
t
h
e
le
n
g
t
h
a
n
d
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
w
er
e
k
e
p
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
s
ce
n
a
r
io
,
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
ess
w
a
s
ch
an
g
ed
an
d
len
g
t
h
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
er
e
f
ix
ed
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
ch
an
g
i
n
g
s
ca
l
in
g
f
ac
to
r
w
a
s
s
t
u
d
ied
b
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
th
r
ee
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
all
at
o
n
ce
b
ased
o
n
a
ch
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g
ea
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le
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
is
s
ec
t
io
n
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ates
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
n
th
e
I
–
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
.
A
s
i
m
u
latio
n
t
o
o
l
(
Mu
GFET
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w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
n
i
ts
el
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tr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
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tic
s
.
3
.
1
.
I
m
pa
ct
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f
v
a
ry
ing
cha
nn
el
leng
t
h
T
h
e
s
ca
lin
g
d
o
w
n
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
l
en
g
t
h
L
an
d
its
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
I
n
A
s
Fi
n
FET
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
er
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
(
d
r
ain
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
d
–
g
ate
v
o
lta
g
e
V
g
)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
o
w
n
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
s
(
L
)
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
th
(
W
)
an
d
o
x
id
e
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
es
(
T
OX
)
.
T
h
e
li
m
itat
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o
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
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u
s
ed
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i
n
d
t
h
e
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p
ti
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al
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n
n
el
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m
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ON
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OF
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r
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(
w
h
er
e
I
OFF
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s
a
n
I
d
at
O
FF
s
tate
at
V
g
=
0
V
an
d
I
ON
is
an
I
d
at
ON
s
tate
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t
V
g
=
1
V)
a
n
d
s
u
b
-
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
s
w
in
g
(
S
S)
an
d
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
T
)
a
n
d
d
r
ain
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
ar
r
ier
lo
w
er
in
g
(
DI
B
L
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
r
elat
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
I
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OFF
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atio
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ch
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n
n
el
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th
o
f
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5
3
5
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d
4
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m
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at
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5
n
m
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n
d
T
OX
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2
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m
t
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e
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ed
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o
r
i
n
cr
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s
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L
f
r
o
m
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m
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r
V
DD
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Fo
r
V
DD
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in
cr
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ed
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o
r
I
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atio
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er
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m
o
r
e
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n
1
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4
at
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m
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t
i
s
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ig
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ap
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en
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r
V
DD
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V
w
h
ile
f
o
r
3
0
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5
n
m
,
L
r
an
g
e
t
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e
h
i
g
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est I
ON
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OFF
r
atio
h
ap
p
e
n
f
o
r
V
DD
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5
V
w
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er
e
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e
lo
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e
s
t le
ak
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t I
OFF
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
v
ar
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i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
: I
ON
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OFF
r
atio
(
a)
,
SS
v
alu
e
(
b
)
,
V
T
an
d
DI
B
L
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
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p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
r
elati
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
c
h
an
n
el
le
n
g
t
h
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h
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SS
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o
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th
e
I
a
As
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n
FET
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n
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5
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d
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5
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m
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2
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5
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m
.
T
h
is
f
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g
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r
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
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a
t
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7
10
15
25
35
45
I
ON
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F
F
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(nm
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ـ
ـ
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V
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S
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ـ
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V
T
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&
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u
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o
f
b
o
th
V
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d
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V/V
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m
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A
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to
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tain
ed
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ar
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ter
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in
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e
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est
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a
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ce
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ter
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s
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f
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ch
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s
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th
L
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5
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g
h
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ON
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OFF
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atio
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t
h
e
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v
al
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e
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f
ar
f
r
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m
id
le
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S.
3
.
2
.
I
m
pa
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o
f
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ry
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cha
nn
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width
T
h
e
s
ca
lin
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d
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o
f
ch
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t
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ter
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A
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s
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d
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0
n
m
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ile
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an
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er
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m
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n
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2
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m
r
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g
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r
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2
s
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th
e
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ec
tr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
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ON
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OFF
r
atio
,
SS
,
V
T
,
an
d
DI
B
L
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
I
ON
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OFF
r
atio
f
o
r
b
o
th
v
o
ltag
es
(
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DD
=
5
V
an
d
V
DD
=
5
V)
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
y
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n
g
w
id
th
o
f
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
Un
li
k
e
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
t
h
s
c
en
ar
io
,
th
e
r
atio
is
in
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
w
it
h
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
.
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atio
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
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es
d
r
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p
d
o
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to
ap
p
r
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x
im
atel
y
1
0
3
w
h
e
n
W
in
cr
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s
es
to
2
0
n
m
.
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n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
th
e
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ig
h
es
t
I
ON
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OFF
r
atio
(
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
6
)
w
as
ac
h
iev
ed
f
o
r
V
DD
=
5
V
w
it
h
th
e
s
m
al
lest
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
w
id
t
h
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
SS
v
al
u
e
w
i
th
v
ar
iab
le
c
h
an
n
el
w
id
th
.
T
h
e
clo
s
est
SS
to
id
ea
l
v
alu
e
was
ac
h
iev
ed
at
W
=
5
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m
w
h
ic
h
i
s
1
2
4
m
V
/d
ec
,
th
e
n
it
w
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
1
5
6
m
V/d
ec
at
W
=
2
0
n
m
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
v
ar
y
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g
c
h
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n
n
el
w
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t
h
o
n
V
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a
n
d
D
I
B
L
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
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r
e
2
(
c)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
t
h
r
esh
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ld
is
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l
m
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n
s
tan
t
r
eg
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les
s
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h
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n
el
w
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th
e
x
ce
p
t
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e
w
it
h
W
=
5
n
m
,
w
h
er
e
V
T
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
.
2
V.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
th
e
DI
B
L
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
as
c
h
a
n
n
el
w
id
th
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
ac
h
ie
v
ed
w
o
r
s
t
DI
B
L
=
5
1
7
at
W
=
5
n
m
t
h
en
DI
B
L
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
e
b
est v
a
lu
e
at
W
=
1
0
n
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
w
id
t
h
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
F
in
FET
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
(
a)
,
SS
v
alu
e
(
b
)
,
VT
an
d
DI
B
L
(
c)
1E+0
1E+1
1E
+
2
1E
+
3
1E
+
4
1E
+
5
1E
+
6
1E
+
7
5
10
15
20
I
ON
/I
OF
F
W
(n
m
)
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
V
DD
=
0.5
V
-
-
-
-
V
DD
=
5
V
50
70
90
11
0
13
0
15
0
17
0
5
10
15
20
SS (m
V/d
e
c)
W
(n
m
)
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
SS
-
-
-
-
Id
e
al
SS
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
40
0
50
0
60
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
V
T
(V)
DIBL
(m
V/V)
W
(nm
)
-
-
-
-
D
IBL
ــــــــــــ
V
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
9
0
2
-
2909
2906
3
.
3
.
I
m
pa
ct
o
f
v
a
ry
ing
cha
nn
el
o
x
ide t
hic
kn
es
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
v
ar
iatio
n
in
r
el
atio
n
to
th
e
elec
tr
ical
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
ch
a
n
n
el
o
x
id
e
th
ick
n
es
s
,
T
OX
h
as
b
ee
n
v
ar
ied
(
1
.
5
,
2
.
5
,
5
an
d
7
n
m
)
,
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
,
L
is
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t
at
4
0
n
m
,
w
h
ile
as
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
w
id
th
,
W
is
k
ep
t
f
ix
ed
at
5
n
m
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
w
it
h
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
w
h
ich
i
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ch
a
n
n
el
w
id
t
h
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
I
ON
/I
O
FF
r
atio
(
m
o
r
e
th
an
10
6
)
w
it
h
V
DD
=
5
V
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
at
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
T
OX
=
1
.
5
n
m
an
d
th
e
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
1
0
3
at
T
OX
=
7
n
m
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
it
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
a
t
f
o
r
a
ch
an
n
el
o
x
id
e
t
h
ick
n
es
s
,
T
OX
=
7
n
m
t
h
e
I
n
As
-
Fin
FET
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
etter
SS
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
w
ith
t
h
e
b
est
SS
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al
u
e
o
f
1
4
0
m
V/d
ec
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
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OX
v
alu
e
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
f
ar
t
h
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
id
ea
l
SS
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
at
T
OX
=
5
n
m
w
h
er
e
S
S
is
2
1
6
m
V/d
ec
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
s
,
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
c)
d
i
s
p
la
y
s
c
h
an
n
el
o
x
id
e
t
h
ic
k
n
ess
v
er
s
u
s
b
o
th
V
T
a
n
d
DI
B
L
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
I
n
A
s
-
Fi
n
FET
.
B
o
th
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
b
eh
a
v
e
i
n
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
t
m
an
n
er
w
it
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
ch
an
n
el
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
,
th
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
a
s
T
OX
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
b
est
V
T
=
1
5
.
8
V
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
T
OX
v
al
u
e,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
b
est
v
a
lu
e
o
f
DI
B
L
is
1
6
5
m
V/V
at
o
x
id
e
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
o
f
ch
a
n
n
e
l =
1
.
5
n
m
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
ch
an
n
el
th
ic
k
n
es
s
:
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
(
a
),
SS
v
al
u
e
(
b
)
,
VT
an
d
DI
B
L
(
c)
3
.
4
.
I
m
pa
ct
o
f
v
a
ry
ing
s
ca
lin
g
f
a
ct
o
r
o
f
cha
nn
el
di
m
en
s
io
ns
T
h
e
s
ca
lin
g
d
o
w
n
o
f
a
ll
c
h
an
n
el
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
at
o
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
,
K.
A
ll
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
le
n
g
t
h
,
w
id
th
,
a
n
d
th
ic
k
n
ess
w
ill
b
e
s
ca
lin
g
-
d
o
w
n
to
g
et
h
er
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
(
K)
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
s
t
u
d
y
th
e
elec
tr
ical
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
ti
cs
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
ca
l
in
g
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
al
u
e
o
f
K
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
“
1
”
w
it
h
it
s
ch
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
A
ll
co
r
r
esp
o
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d
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i
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n
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io
n
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to
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e
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e
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en
d
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lin
g
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e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
C
h
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
K
K
L
(
n
m)
W
(
n
m)
T
OX
(
n
m)
1
.
0
0
40
20
6
0
.
5
20
10
3
0
.
2
5
10
5
1
.
5
0
.
1
2
5
5
2
.
5
0
.
7
5
1E
+
0
1E
+
2
1E
+
4
1E
+
6
1.5
2.5
5
7
I
ON
/I
OF
F
T
ox
(nm
)
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
V
DD
=
0.5
V
-
-
-
-
V
DD
=
5
V
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
1.5
2.5
5
7
SS (m
V/d
e
c)
T
o
x
(n
m
)
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
SS
-
-
-
-
Id
e
al
SS
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0
50
0
10
00
15
00
0
1.5
3
4.5
6
7.5
V
T
(V)
DIBL
(m
V/V)
Tox
(n
m)
-
-
-
-
DIBL
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
ـ
V
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
ffects
o
f d
o
w
n
s
ca
lin
g
ch
a
n
n
e
l d
imen
s
io
n
s
o
n
elec
tr
ica
l c
h
a
r
a
cter
is
t
ics o
f .
.
.
(
A
h
med
Ma
h
mo
o
d
)
2907
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
w
ith
th
e
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
K
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
2
5
to
1
.
0
0
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
1
0
4
wh
ich
w
as
atta
in
ed
at
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
K
=
0
.
1
2
5
f
o
r
b
o
th
V
DD
=
5
V
a
n
d
f
o
r
V
DD
=
5
V.
T
h
e
w
o
r
s
t
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
s
,
less
t
h
a
n
1
0
2
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
K
=
1
.
0
0
f
o
r
b
o
th
V
DD
v
alu
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
SS
v
al
u
e
(
1
9
4
m
V/d
ec
)
th
at
o
b
tain
ed
at
K
=
1
.
0
0
in
co
n
tr
ast,
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est
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al
u
e
to
th
e
id
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l
SS
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9
4
m
V/d
ec
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s
o
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tain
ed
at
K
=
0
.
1
2
5
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
a
t,
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
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t
h
e
SS
v
al
u
e
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
Scali
n
g
Fac
to
r
(
K)
o
n
V
T
an
d
DI
B
L
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
c)
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
v
alu
e
o
f
V
T
=
1
.
2
8
V
is
o
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tain
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at
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=
1
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0
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co
m
p
ar
ed
to
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e
lo
w
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t
v
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lu
e,
V
T
=
0
.
7
V
at
K
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1
2
5
co
n
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er
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y
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e
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B
L
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al
u
e
r
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g
es
f
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o
m
3
7
6
m
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at
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1
2
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3
4
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m
m
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ain
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n
d
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g
f
o
r
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est
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T
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d
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s
tr
ated
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n
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le
3
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d
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th
e
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ir
s
t
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n
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e
b
est
L
w
as
at
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5
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h
e
b
est
W
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th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
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t
5
n
m
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a
n
d
t
h
e
b
es
t
T
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in
t
h
e
t
h
ir
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s
ce
n
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io
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at
r
an
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f
1
.
5
t0
2
.
5
n
m
,
t
h
ese
d
i
m
e
n
tio
n
s
r
ep
r
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t
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
c
h
a
n
n
el
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
i
m
e
n
tio
n
s
in
d
ev
ed
u
a
ll
y
.
I
n
th
e
la
s
t
s
c
en
ar
io
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
s
ed
s
ca
lli
n
g
f
ac
to
r
ac
h
ie
v
ed
s
m
a
ll
er
li
m
its
w
i
th
ac
ce
p
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
I
n
As
-
Fi
n
FET
o
n
I
ON
/I
OFF
r
atio
(
a)
,
SS
v
alu
e
(
b
)
,
V
T
an
d
DI
B
L
(
c)
T
ab
le
3
.
C
h
an
n
e
l s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
m
ai
n
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
f
o
r
I
n
As
-
Fin
FE
T
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
C
h
a
r
a
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[1
]
R.
Ha
rik
rish
n
a
n
,
“
A
m
a
lg
a
m
a
ti
n
g
Na
n
o
sc
ien
c
e
w
it
h
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
th
e
Be
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
o
f
F
ra
c
tal
Ro
b
o
ts:
A
F
o
c
u
s o
n
F
u
t
u
re
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
W
.
A
.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
m
o
b
il
it
y
c
o
n
sc
io
u
s
m
u
lt
i
p
a
th
ro
u
ti
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
ro
u
te
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
l
o
a
d
b
a
lan
c
in
g
in
M
A
NET
s,
”
S
imu
la
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
Pr
a
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
2
4
5
-
2
7
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
G
e
-
F
in
F
ET
tran
sisto
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
n
a
n
o
sc
a
le
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
d
im
e
n
sio
n
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
-
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ic
Ph
y
sic
s,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
W
.
A
.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
EQS
A
-
O
L
S
Rv
2
:
A
M
u
lt
icriteria
-
Ba
se
d
H
y
b
rid
M
u
lt
ip
a
t
h
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
En
e
r
g
y
-
E
ff
icie
n
t
a
n
d
Qo
S
-
Aw
a
re
Da
ta
Ro
u
ti
n
g
in
M
A
NE
T
-
WS
N
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
S
c
e
n
a
rio
s
o
f
Io
T
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
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l.
6
,
p
p
.
7
6
5
4
6
-
7
6
5
7
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
M
.
A
.
Riy
a
d
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
Ga
te
M
a
teria
l
a
n
d
P
ro
c
e
ss
o
n
Ju
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s
F
ET
S
u
b
th
re
sh
o
ld
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
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ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
&
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
A
.
Ra
c
h
a
k
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
A
M
icro
strip
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
i
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
G
a
As
-
F
ET
f
o
r
I
SM
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
A
.
A
.
A
l
m
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
c
c
u
ra
te
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
h
y
b
rid
e
f
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
le
M
A
C
p
ro
to
c
o
l
in
V
A
NET
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
n
-
sa
t
u
ra
ted
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
”
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
9
9
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
Y.
Ha
sh
im
,
“
A
Ne
w
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
Dim
e
n
sio
n
a
l
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
In
v
e
rters
in
6
T
-
S
tatic
Ra
n
d
o
m
-
Ac
c
e
ss
M
e
m
o
r
y
Ce
ll
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
il
ico
n
Na
n
o
w
ire
T
ra
n
sisto
r,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
N
a
n
o
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
N
a
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
1
-
1
0
6
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
A
.
A
rji
m
a
n
d
a
n
d
M
.
P
ra
sh
a
n
t,
“
A
n
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
Dra
i
n
Cu
rre
n
t
f
o
r
S
in
g
le
M
a
teria
l
S
u
rro
u
n
d
e
d
G
a
t
e
Na
n
o
sc
a
le S
OI M
OSF
ET
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
-
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ic P
h
y
sic
s,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
0
4
0
1
2
-
1
-
0
4
0
1
7
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
A
.
F
.
Ro
sla
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
3
0
n
m
D
G
-
F
in
F
ET
3
D
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
Im
p
a
c
t
T
o
wa
rd
s
S
h
o
rt
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Ef
fe
c
t
s,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
8
-
1
3
6
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
W
.
A
.
J
a
b
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
BA
-
OL
S
R
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
M
A
NETs,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
c
o
mp
u
ter
n
e
two
rk
s a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
A
.
A
.
A
l
m
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
T
ra
n
s
m
i
ss
io
n
Ra
n
g
e
o
n
t
h
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
V
A
NET
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
8
0
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Z.
R.
F
a
ti
m
a
a
n
d
B.
Bo
u
a
z
z
a
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
Hig
h
-
k
Die
lec
tri
c
s
w
it
h
M
e
tal
G
a
te
f
o
r
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
Ch
a
ra
c
t
e
risti
c
s
o
f
S
O
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T
RI
-
GA
T
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F
in
F
ET
T
ra
n
sisto
r,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
-
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
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ic
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y
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p
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0
4
0
3
7
-
1
-
0
4
0
3
7
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
W
.
A
.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
s
ig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Io
T
-
Ba
se
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
S
m
a
rt
Ho
m
e
,
”
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
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mp
o
si
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m o
n
Ne
tw
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rk
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mp
u
ter
s a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s (
IS
NCC)
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
M
.
S
.
M
o
b
a
ra
k
e
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
lo
g
ic p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
sti
m
a
ti
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n
o
f
S
il
ico
n
,
G
e
r
m
a
n
iu
m
a
n
d
S
iGe
Na
n
o
w
i
re
F
in
-
f
ield
e
ffe
c
t
tran
sisto
r,
”
S
u
p
e
rla
tt
i
c
e
s a
n
d
M
icr
o
stru
c
t
u
re
s,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
S
.
Ra
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
,
De
sig
n
,
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
r
iso
n
o
f
T
rip
le
G
a
te
C
y
li
n
d
rica
l
a
n
d
P
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rti
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ll
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n
d
rica
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n
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ET
s f
o
r
L
o
w
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o
w
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r
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p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IS
RN
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c
tro
n
i
c
s,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
J.
A
l
v
a
ra
d
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
OI
F
in
F
ET
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
RF
c
ircu
it
s
si
m
u
latio
n
,
”
S
il
ico
n
M
o
n
o
li
th
ic
In
t
e
g
ra
ted
Circ
u
it
s
in
RF
S
y
ste
ms
(
S
iR
F),
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
1
3
t
h
T
o
p
ica
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
o
n
,
p
p
.
8
7
-
89
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
8
]
Y.
Ha
sh
i
m
,
“
Op
ti
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Re
sista
n
c
e
L
o
a
d
in
4T
-
S
tatic
Ra
n
d
o
m
-
Ac
c
e
s
s
M
e
m
o
r
y
C
e
ll
B
a
se
d
o
n
S
il
ico
n
Na
n
o
w
ire T
r
a
n
sisto
r,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
n
a
n
o
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
n
a
n
o
tec
h
n
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l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
8
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p
p
.
1
1
9
9
-
1
2
0
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
W
.
A
.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
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n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
P
2
P
c
o
m
m
u
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ica
ti
o
n
p
ro
to
c
o
l
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n
m
o
b
il
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p
latf
o
rm
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
ICIA,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
T
.
A
.
Bh
a
t,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
S
h
o
rt
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Ef
fe
c
ts
in
n
-
F
i
n
F
ET
S
tru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
S
i
,
G
a
A
s,
G
a
S
b
a
n
d
G
a
N
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
M
a
teria
ls,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
-
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic P
h
y
sic
s,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
Y.
Ha
sh
im
,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
T
r
a
n
sisto
rs
in
Na
n
o
Dim
e
n
sio
n
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s (
IJ
ET
S
),
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
8
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
G
.
M
o
o
re
,
“
M
o
o
re
’s l
a
w
,
”
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
,
1
9
6
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2909
[2
3
]
T
.
El
a
y
a
m
p
a
la
y
a
m
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Re
d
u
c
e
d
Ca
rry
Ch
a
in
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o
p
a
g
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ti
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A
d
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Us
in
g
F
i
n
F
ET
,
”
As
ia
n
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o
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rn
a
l
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f
In
fo
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1
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p
p
.
1
6
7
0
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6
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7
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0
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.
[2
4
]
S
.
Kim
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
u
G
F
ET
,
”
2
0
0
8
.
[2
5
]
M
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
ril
a
y
e
r
g
ra
p
h
e
n
e
n
a
n
o
rib
b
o
n
f
ield
e
f
f
e
c
t
tran
sisto
r
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
0
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2
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ahm
e
d
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
in
L
a
se
r
&
Op
to
e
lec
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
,
in
2
0
0
5
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
is
a
M
a
ste
r
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
m
a
jo
rin
g
in
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
A
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
t
F
a
c
y
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
si
a
P
a
h
a
n
g
(UM
P
).
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
u
n
d
e
rtak
in
g
h
is
re
se
a
r
c
h
o
n
Na
n
o
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
in
p
a
rti
c
u
l
a
r
F
in
F
ET
tran
sisto
rs.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
.
W
a
h
e
b
A.
J
a
b
b
a
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
B
a
sra
h
,
Ira
q
,
in
2
0
0
1
,
t
h
e
M
.
En
g
.
in
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
&
Co
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ke
b
a
n
g
s
a
a
n
M
a
lay
sia
(UK
M
),
Ba
n
g
i,
S
e
lan
g
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
P
a
h
a
n
g
(UMP
),
G
a
m
b
a
n
g
,
P
a
h
a
n
g
,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
s
in
c
lu
d
e
Ro
u
t
in
g
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
ls
in
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
.
He
a
l
so
h
a
s
a
k
e
e
n
in
tere
st
i
n
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
S
m
a
rt
Cit
y
.
Ya
sir
H
a
s
h
i
m
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
o
su
l,
M
o
s
u
l,
Ira
q
,
i
n
1
9
9
1
a
n
d
1
9
9
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
-
M
icro
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
S
c
ien
c
e
M
a
la
y
sia
(USM
),
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
1
3
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ish
ik
U
n
iv
e
rsity
,
Erb
il
-
Ku
rd
sta
n
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic:
Na
n
o
w
ire
tran
sisto
rs,
F
i
n
F
ET
tran
sisto
r,
M
u
lt
istag
e
L
o
g
ic
Na
n
o
-
in
v
e
rters
.
H
a
d
i
M
a
n
a
p
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
K
u
a
n
tan
,
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
7
3
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
P
h
y
sic
s
f
ro
m
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
a
in
1
9
9
8
.
T
h
e
n
h
e
g
o
t
h
is
M
a
ste
rs
d
e
g
re
e
in
P
r
o
c
e
ss
P
lan
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
a
p
p
o
in
ted
a
s
a
tea
c
h
in
g
sta
ff
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
a
la
y
sia
P
a
h
a
n
g
(UMP
)
.
He
w
a
s
sp
o
n
s
o
re
d
b
y
U
M
P
f
o
r
P
h
.
D.
stu
d
ies
in
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
L
i
m
e
ric
k
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
su
p
e
rv
isio
n
o
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