I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
~
1
9
7
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
8
i
1
.
p
p
1
8
9
-
1
9
7
189
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
M
icro
strip
-
F
ed C
ircula
r Disc
Mo
no
po
le Ant
enna
w
ith
De
fec
ted
Wa
v
eg
uide St
ru
c
tures
S.
J
.
Chin
,
M
.
Z
.
A.
Abd.
Azi
z
,
M
.
R.
Ah
m
a
d
Ce
n
tre f
o
r
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
R
e
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(Ce
T
RI),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
l
a
k
a
(U
T
e
M
),
7
6
1
0
0
D
u
rian
T
u
n
g
g
a
l,
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
9
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
Dec
1
6
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
Dec
3
0
,
2
0
1
7
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ted
th
e
m
icro
strip
-
f
e
d
c
ircu
lar
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
it
h
d
e
f
e
c
ted
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
stru
c
tu
re
.
F
irst,
th
e
m
icro
strip
-
f
e
d
c
ir
c
u
lar
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
a
s
d
e
sig
n
e
d
.
Ne
x
t,
th
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
w
a
s
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
w
it
h
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
a
n
d
las
tl
y
f
o
ll
o
w
e
d
b
y
th
e
d
e
f
e
c
t
e
d
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
stru
c
tu
re
w
h
e
re
th
e
u
n
ip
l
a
n
a
r
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
(UC)
stru
c
tu
re
w
a
s
u
se
d
.
CS
T
M
icro
w
a
v
e
stu
d
i
o
so
f
tw
a
r
e
w
a
s
u
se
d
f
o
r
sim
u
latio
n
a
n
d
p
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
stu
d
ies
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
In
it
ially
,
th
e
m
icro
strip
-
f
e
d
c
ircu
lar
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
w
a
s
d
e
sig
n
e
d
to
a
c
h
iev
e
re
tu
rn
lo
ss
les
s
th
a
n
-
1
0
d
B
f
o
r
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
ies
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
w
a
s
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
w
it
h
th
e
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
.
Th
e
h
ig
h
e
st
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
o
f
1
1
.
3
8
d
B
i
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
1
3
.
5
G
Hz
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
lo
w
e
ff
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
n
a
rro
w
e
r
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
w
e
r
e
o
b
tain
e
d
.
Ne
x
t,
u
n
i
p
lan
a
r
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
d
e
f
e
c
ted
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
stru
c
tu
re
(
UC
DW
S
)
w
a
s
d
e
sig
n
e
d
at
in
n
e
r
su
rf
a
c
e
o
f
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
.
T
h
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
c
h
iev
e
d
3
.
0
9
GH
z
w
h
e
re
it
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
f
ro
m
1
0
.
9
1
G
Hz
to
1
4
G
Hz
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
il
e
,
th
e
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
m
a
in
tain
e
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
st
d
irec
ti
v
it
y
o
f
8
.
8
4
d
Bi
a
t
1
0
G
Hz
.
T
h
e
g
a
i
n
w
a
s
a
lso
im
p
ro
v
e
d
f
ro
m
1
1
GH
z
to
1
4
G
H
z
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
st
g
a
in
o
f
6
.
3
8
d
B
o
c
c
u
rre
d
a
t
13
.
5
G
Hz
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
Def
ec
ted
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
(
DW
S)
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
Un
ip
lan
ar
co
m
p
ac
t
(
U
C
)
W
id
eb
an
d
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
Z
.
A
.
A
b
d
.
A
ziz
,
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
I
n
n
o
v
at
io
n
(
C
eT
R
I
)
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lect
r
o
n
ic
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Me
lak
a
(
UT
eM
)
,
7
6
1
0
0
Du
r
ian
T
u
n
g
g
al,
Me
la
k
a,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
m
o
h
a
m
ad
zo
in
o
l
@
u
te
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
en
h
an
cin
g
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
er
d
ata
r
ate
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
b
y
h
av
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
er
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
s
an
d
d
ata
r
ates,
p
eo
p
le
ca
n
s
e
n
d
t
h
e
v
id
eo
s
a
n
d
p
ictu
r
es
in
s
tead
o
f
tex
t
i
n
clea
r
v
ie
w
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
UW
B
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
u
s
ed
to
f
u
l
f
ill
th
e
d
e
m
an
d
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
UW
B
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
r
ec
eiv
e
s
g
r
ea
t
atten
tio
n
d
u
e
to
its
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile
,
lo
w
co
s
t,
ea
s
y
to
f
ab
r
icate
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
at
ter
n
.
B
y
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
an
ten
n
a
w
i
th
lo
w
p
r
o
f
i
le
in
to
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
ev
ice,
t
h
u
s
it
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
a
cc
ess
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
an
y
w
h
er
e
an
d
an
y
ti
m
e
s
er
v
ic
e
to
p
eo
p
le.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
th
er
e
is
a
ch
allen
g
e
to
d
esig
n
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
h
i
g
h
g
ai
n
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
e
f
f
icien
c
y
w
it
h
co
m
p
ac
t
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
.
B
esi
d
es
th
at,
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
h
as
p
o
o
r
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
esi
g
n
w
it
h
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
b
y
h
a
v
in
g
th
e
d
ef
ec
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
n
it.
T
h
e
DW
S
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
an
d
m
in
iat
u
r
ize
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
e
w
w
id
eb
an
d
an
t
en
n
a
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
h
o
r
n
an
te
n
n
a
[
1
]
,
lo
g
p
er
io
d
ic
an
te
n
n
a
[
2
]
,
d
ip
o
l
e
an
ten
n
a
[
3
]
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
t
en
n
a
[
4
-
1
3
]
.
Ho
r
n
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
lo
g
-
p
er
io
d
ic
an
te
n
n
a
ar
e
n
o
r
m
all
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
in
lar
g
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
ct,
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile
a
n
d
lo
w
co
s
t
i
s
f
o
cu
s
e
d
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
ee
d
in
g
li
n
e
ca
n
b
e
d
es
ig
n
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
s
u
ch
as
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
i
n
g
[
4
]
an
d
co
p
lan
ar
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
8
9
–
1
9
7
190
(
C
P
W
)
f
ee
d
in
g
[
5
-
7
]
.
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
its
el
f
ca
n
b
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
u
ch
as
in
s
lo
t
[
6
-
8
]
,
f
r
ac
tal
[
9
-
1
1
]
an
d
cir
c
u
lar
d
i
s
c
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
12
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
C
ir
cu
lar
d
is
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
p
le
to
d
esig
n
an
d
t
h
u
s
it
i
s
s
elec
ted
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
ar
ti
f
icial
m
a
g
n
eti
c
co
n
d
u
cto
r
(
A
MC)
i
s
a
m
eta
m
ater
ial
w
h
ic
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
is
t
i
n
n
at
u
r
e
[
1
4
]
.
E
x
am
p
le
t
y
p
es
o
f
A
MC
ar
e
elec
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
b
an
d
g
ap
(
E
B
G)
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
elec
ti
v
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
FS
S)
[
1
7
]
,
d
ef
ec
ted
s
u
ch
as
d
ef
ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
(
DG
S)
[
1
8
]
an
d
d
ef
ec
ted
m
ir
co
s
tr
ip
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
(
DM
S)
[
1
9
]
.
Def
ec
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
e
d
at
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
m
ir
co
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
li
n
e,
th
u
s
th
e
d
ef
ec
t
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
at
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
is
ca
lled
DW
S.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
cir
cu
lar
d
is
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
DW
S
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
UC
DW
S
i
s
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
d
ef
ec
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
at
th
e
i
n
n
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
w
ill
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
DW
S to
w
ar
d
s
a
n
ten
n
a
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
s
u
c
h
as r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
,
g
ai
n
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
c
y
at
m
ic
r
o
w
av
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eg
io
n
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
cir
cu
lar
d
i
s
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
(
De
s
ig
n
A
)
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
ir
s
t.
I
t
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
tu
d
y
[
4
]
w
h
er
e
it
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
in
w
id
eb
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
.
I
t
a
ch
iev
e
s
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
less
t
h
a
n
-
1
0
d
B
f
r
o
m
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
.
6
9
GHz
to
1
0
.
1
6
GH
z
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
tu
d
ie
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
f
ee
d
g
ap
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
F
in
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
f
ee
d
g
ap
w
it
h
len
g
t
h
o
f
0
.
3
m
m
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
w
it
h
w
id
th
o
f
4
2
m
m
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
f
ab
r
i
ca
ted
Desig
n
A
ar
e
s
h
o
w
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
an
d
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
De
s
i
g
n
A
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
Desi
g
n
A
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
p
ar
a
m
e
t
er
s
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
cir
cu
lar
d
is
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
W
s
4
2
m
m
L
f
2
0
.
3
m
m
L
s
5
0
m
m
R
1
0
m
m
W
f
2
.
6
mm
L
g
2
0
m
m
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
is
th
e
F
R
4
b
o
ar
d
w
i
th
1
.
6
m
m
t
h
ick
n
es
s
,
4
.
4
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
a
n
d
0
.
0
1
9
tan
g
en
t
l
o
s
s
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
co
p
p
er
is
0
.
0
3
5
m
m
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Micr
o
s
t
r
ip
-
F
ed
C
ir
cu
la
r
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
Defe
cted
W
a
ve
g
u
id
e
S
tr
u
ctu
r
es (
S.
J.
C
h
in
)
191
o
p
tim
ized
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
an
te
n
n
a
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
W
s
an
d
L
s
ar
e
t
h
e
w
id
th
a
n
d
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
W
f
a
n
d
L
f
ar
e
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
f
ee
d
li
n
e.
R
ad
i
u
s
o
f
c
ir
cu
lar
d
i
s
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
i
s
R
w
h
ile
h
eig
h
t o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
is
L
g
.
R
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
’
s
E
q
u
atio
n
s
as b
elo
w
[
2
0
]
:
√
*
(
)
+
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
=
ac
tu
al
r
ad
iu
s
√
=
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
=
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
e
ig
h
t
=
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
W
f
an
d
L
f
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
li
n
e
E
q
u
atio
n
s
a
s
b
elo
w
[
2
1
]:
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
,
√
(
)
(
2
)
√
*
(
)
+
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
=
lin
e
w
id
th
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
√
(
)
(
4
)
T
h
en
,
th
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
(
Desig
n
A
)
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
w
av
e
g
u
id
e
as
De
s
ig
n
B
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
a
n
d
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
De
s
i
g
n
A
in
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
m
ater
i
al
u
s
ed
is
FR
4
b
o
ar
d
w
ith
t
h
e
co
p
p
er
at
th
e
i
n
n
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e.
T
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
is
v
ar
i
ed
b
y
1
0
m
m
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
an
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
ig
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
ize
d
esig
n
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
w
i
th
o
p
ti
m
ized
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
,
g
a
in
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
ar
e
W
1
=4
0
m
m
a
n
d
W
2
=3
0
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t (
b
)
s
id
e
v
ie
w
o
f
De
s
ig
n
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
8
9
–
1
9
7
192
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
s
i
d
e
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
Desi
g
n
B
Af
ter
th
a
t,
th
e
U
C
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
.
Du
e
to
its
p
lan
ar
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
p
r
in
ted
o
n
th
e
FR
4
b
o
ar
d
ea
s
ily
.
Fro
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
2
2
-
2
5
]
,
it
is
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
to
ac
h
iv
e
w
id
e
b
an
d
g
ap
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
in
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
,
h
a
v
e
h
ig
n
g
a
i
n
a
n
d
lo
w
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
r
ad
iatio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
f
ilter
s
at
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
I
t
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
to
h
av
e
p
er
io
d
ic
p
atter
n
to
ac
t
as
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
L
C
cir
cu
it
at
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
to
ac
t
as b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(
5
)
b
elo
w
.
√
(
5
)
T
h
e
UC
DW
S
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
s
q
u
ar
e
s
h
ap
e
at
t
h
e
b
e
g
in
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
en
,
it
i
s
m
o
d
if
ied
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
es
o
f
1
2
.
5
m
m
x
0
.
2
5
m
m
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
ed
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e.
T
h
en
,
r
ec
t
an
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
es
w
it
h
an
o
th
er
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
1
.
5
m
m
x
2
.
5
m
m
ar
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
t
w
ice
with
a
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
1
m
m
in
b
et
wee
n
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e.
T
h
e
i
n
s
et
s
tr
ip
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
at
ce
n
tr
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
lo
n
g
er
to
ac
t
as
b
r
id
g
e
to
co
n
n
ec
t
w
i
th
o
th
er
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
b
esid
e.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
m
all
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
o
f
1
.
5
m
m
x
2
.
5
m
m
is
ad
d
ed
at
ea
ch
in
s
et
s
tr
ip
.
T
h
e
UC
DW
S
w
i
th
co
m
p
lete
d
esig
n
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
s
h
o
w
ed
at
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
u
n
it o
f
U
C
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
ar
e
no
r
m
all
y
d
esig
n
ed
to
b
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
cir
c
u
it
f
o
r
m
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
r
n
er
p
atc
h
o
f
t
wo
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
w
h
ile
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
in
s
et
s
tr
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
in
d
u
ct
an
ce
.
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
U
C
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
is
t
h
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
r
n
er
p
atc
h
an
d
b
r
id
g
e.
is
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
b
r
id
g
e
w
h
ich
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
s
id
e
o
f
an
o
th
er
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
is
th
e
w
id
th
o
f
th
e
b
r
id
g
e.
is
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
w
h
er
e
it i
s
d
ef
in
e
d
w
h
en
th
e
UC
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
lo
ca
ted
o
n
a
F
R
4
b
o
ar
d
w
it
h
.
L
a
n
d
C
th
e
n
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
E
q
u
a
tio
n
s
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
b
elo
w
[
2
2
]
.
(
)
(
6
)
(
)
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Micr
o
s
t
r
ip
-
F
ed
C
ir
cu
la
r
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
Defe
cted
W
a
ve
g
u
id
e
S
tr
u
ctu
r
es (
S.
J.
C
h
in
)
193
w
h
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
U
C
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
w
i
th
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
i
t
T
h
e
n,
UC
is
d
esig
n
ed
at
th
e
in
n
er
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
as
Desig
n
C
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
U
C
DW
S
is
v
ar
ied
b
y
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
w
h
er
e
th
e
U
C
DW
S
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
UC
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
s
m
aller
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
UC
DW
S
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
o
f
Desig
n
C
(
i)
p
r
o
v
id
e
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
h
ig
h
er
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
er
g
ain
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
U
C
DW
S
i
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
h
av
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
o
f
De
s
i
g
n
C
(
ii)
an
d
Desi
g
n
C
(
iii)
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
a
t
t
h
e
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii
)
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
h
ig
h
er
g
a
in
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
U
C
DW
S
is
v
ar
ied
ag
ai
n
to
h
a
v
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
len
g
t
h
o
f
g
ap
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii)
w
it
h
g
ap
len
g
th
of
1
.
5
m
m
i
s
ch
o
s
e
n
to
f
ab
r
icate
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
an
d
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
v
ie
w
o
f
De
s
i
g
n
C
(
i)
w
it
h
o
u
t g
ap
,
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii
)
an
d
Desig
n
C
(
iii)
w
it
h
g
ap
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t (
b
)
s
id
e
v
ie
w
o
f
De
s
ig
n
C
(
ii)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
8
9
–
1
9
7
194
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
s
id
e
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
Desi
g
n
A
,
Desi
g
n
B
an
d
Desig
n
C
(
ii)
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
s
1
0
-
13
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t o
f
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
esi
g
n
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
10
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
lo
w
es
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
Des
ig
n
A
s
i
m
u
lated
i
s
-
3
4
.
2
8
d
B
at
1
3
.
4
3
GHz
.
Desig
n
B
s
i
m
u
lated
ac
h
iv
e
s
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
3
2
.
5
6
d
B
at
1
2
.
2
7
GHz
w
h
ile
Des
i
g
n
C
(
ii)
s
i
m
u
lated
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
lo
w
est
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
4
6
.
8
3
d
B
at
1
1
.
8
8
GHz
.
B
es
id
es
th
at,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
a
t
Desig
n
A
co
v
er
s
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
2
.
5
3
GHz
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
7
4
GHz
to
1
4
GHz
.
Fo
r
Des
ig
n
B
,
it
co
v
er
s
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
1
.
2
9
GHz
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
3
4
GHz
to
1
2
.
6
3
GHz
.
B
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
De
s
ig
n
C
(
ii)
i
s
3
.
0
9
GHz
w
h
ic
h
is
co
v
er
ed
f
r
o
m
1
0
.
9
1
GHz
to
1
4
GHz
.
T
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
is
s
h
if
ted
to
th
e
lef
t
co
m
p
a
r
e
to
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
s
i
m
u
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
esig
n
.
A
ll
t
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
m
e
asu
r
ed
ar
e
also
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
e
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
Desig
n
B
.
Desi
g
n
B
ac
h
iev
e
s
lo
w
est
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
3
5
.
8
d
B
at
1
0
.
9
1
GHz
.
B
o
th
Desig
n
A
an
d
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii)
ac
h
iev
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
1
9
.
2
d
B
at
1
0
.
5
8
G
Hz
an
d
-
1
9
d
B
at
1
1
.
6
2
GHz
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
h
i
f
ted
to
lef
t
.
I
t
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
Desi
g
n
B
b
ec
o
m
e
n
ar
r
o
w
er
w
h
en
w
a
v
eg
u
id
e
is
i
n
te
g
r
ated
.
W
h
en
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
w
it
h
U
C
DW
S
is
ap
p
lied
,
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
is
s
h
if
ted
to
lef
t
w
i
th
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
d
u
e
to
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
L
C
cir
c
u
it
u
s
e
s
at
r
eso
n
a
n
t f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
1
.
8
8
GHz
.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
Desi
g
n
B
ac
h
iev
es
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
g
ai
n
w
h
ile
Desig
n
A
ac
h
ie
v
es
th
e
lo
w
est
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
1
.
5
GHz
to
1
2
.
5
GHz
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
.
Desi
g
n
B
h
a
s
o
b
v
io
u
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
ai
n
v
alu
e.
I
t
s
tar
ts
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
0
d
B
at
1
0
GHz
to
h
ig
h
e
s
t
g
a
in
o
f
6
.
5
6
d
B
at
1
2
.
5
GHz
an
d
d
r
o
p
to
-
1
.
5
d
B
at
1
4
GHz
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
b
o
th
Desi
g
n
A
a
n
d
Desig
n
C
(
ii)
h
a
v
e
s
m
all
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
v
al
u
eo
f
g
ain
.
De
s
i
g
n
A
ac
h
iev
e
s
h
i
g
h
est
g
ai
n
o
f
5
.
2
5
d
B
at
1
0
GHz
an
d
d
r
o
p
s
to
l
o
w
est
g
ai
n
o
f
2
.
7
6
d
B
at
1
2
GHz
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
a
g
ai
n
to
4
.
2
2
d
B
at
1
4
GHz
.
Desig
n
c
(
ii)
s
tar
t
s
w
it
h
g
ai
n
o
f
6
.
2
6
d
B
an
d
d
r
o
p
s
to
lo
w
e
s
t
g
a
in
o
f
2
.
8
d
B
1
0
.
5
GHz
an
d
th
en
i
n
cr
ea
s
es a
g
ai
n
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
s
t g
ai
n
o
f
6
.
3
8
d
B
o
cc
u
r
s
at
1
3
.
5
GHz
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
all
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lt
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Gain
o
f
all
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
l
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Micr
o
s
t
r
ip
-
F
ed
C
ir
cu
la
r
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
Defe
cted
W
a
ve
g
u
id
e
S
tr
u
ctu
r
es (
S.
J.
C
h
in
)
195
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
e
s
ig
n
i
s
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
Desi
g
n
B
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
h
ig
h
est
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
w
h
ile
De
s
i
g
n
A
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
.
Desi
g
n
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
o
f
6
.
7
2
d
B
i
at
1
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
o
f
D
esig
n
B
an
d
De
s
i
g
n
C
(
ii)
a
r
e
1
1
.
3
8
d
B
i
at
1
3
.
5
GHz
an
d
8
.
8
4
d
B
i
at
1
0
GHz
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
B
o
th
Des
ig
n
B
an
d
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii)
s
h
o
w
f
l
u
ct
u
ated
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
w
h
ile
Desi
g
n
A
s
h
o
w
s
lo
w
est
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
at
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
t
h
at
is
s
h
o
w
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
Desi
g
n
A
an
d
Desig
n
C
(
ii)
p
er
f
o
r
m
al
m
o
s
t
s
a
m
e
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
r
esu
lt o
f
m
ax
i
m
u
m
g
ai
n
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
ar
e
r
elat
ed
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
a
ls
o
r
elate
d
to
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
g
ain
o
f
an
ten
n
a
w
h
ich
is
s
h
o
w
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
Desi
g
n
A
s
h
o
w
s
lo
w
g
ai
n
an
d
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
i
t
s
h
o
w
s
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
i
n
o
v
er
all.
Desi
g
n
A
s
h
o
ws
h
ig
h
e
s
t
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
-
1
.
4
7
d
B
at
1
0
GHz
.
Desig
n
B
s
h
o
w
s
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
-
2
.
7
6
d
B
at
1
2
GHz
w
h
ile
Desig
n
C
(
ii)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
-
1
.
8
4
d
B
at
1
2
GHz
.
B
o
th
Desi
g
n
B
an
d
Des
ig
n
C
(
ii)
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
b
o
th
Des
ig
n
A
an
d
De
s
i
g
n
C
(
ii)
h
a
v
e
les
s
ch
an
g
e
o
f
e
f
f
icien
c
y
.
De
s
ig
n
B
s
h
o
w
s
a
b
ig
d
if
f
er
en
t
wh
ich
is
6
.
2
5
d
B
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
lo
w
est
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
I
t
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
it
h
as
th
e
al
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
ilar
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
g
r
ap
h
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
ain
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
ea
k
is
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
at
alm
o
s
t c
en
ter
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
Dir
ec
tiv
i
t
y
o
f
all
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
E
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
all
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
all
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
lt
s
at
1
0
GHz
,
1
2
GHz
an
d
1
4
GHz
f
o
r
E
-
f
ield
an
d
H
-
f
ield
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
8
9
–
1
9
7
196
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
ea
c
h
d
esig
n
is
s
i
m
u
lated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
.
Desig
n
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
f
o
r
H
-
f
ield
b
u
t
n
o
t
f
o
r
E
-
f
ield
.
At
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
2
GHz
a
n
d
1
4
GHz
,
t
h
e
r
ad
i
atio
n
p
atter
n
f
o
r
H
-
f
ield
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
ar
e
s
lig
h
tl
y
s
i
m
ilar
a
s
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
b
u
t
w
it
h
m
i
n
o
r
lo
b
es
at
f
r
o
n
t
a
n
d
b
ac
k
lo
b
e.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
Desig
n
B
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
E
-
f
ield
at
1
0
GHz
an
d
H
-
f
ield
at
1
2
GHz
.
I
t
m
o
s
tl
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
le
s
s
d
ir
ec
ti
v
it
y
at
t
h
e
b
ac
k
lo
b
e
o
f
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
h
ig
h
e
s
t
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
at
t
h
e
b
ac
k
lo
b
e
o
f
1
8
0
d
eg
r
e
e
f
o
r
H
-
f
ield
at
1
0
GHz
.
Fo
r
Desi
g
n
C
(
ii
)
,
it
al
m
o
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
.
I
t
also
s
h
o
w
s
les
s
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
at
th
e
b
ac
k
lo
b
e.
I
t
is
n
o
tice
d
th
at
it
s
h
o
w
s
le
s
s
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
at
t
h
e
s
id
e
f
o
r
E
-
f
ie
ld
co
m
p
ar
es to
H
-
f
ield
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
cir
cu
lar
d
i
s
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
w
i
th
D
W
S
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
DW
S
to
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
-
f
ed
c
ir
cu
lar
d
i
s
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
an
d
g
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
g
ain
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
f
r
o
m
1
1
GHz
to
14
GHz.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
d
ir
ec
tiv
it
y
is
8
.
8
4
d
B
i
at
1
0
GHz
w
h
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
est
g
a
i
n
i
s
6
.
3
8
d
B
at
1
3
.
5
GHz
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
is
3
.
0
9
GHz
w
h
er
e
it
co
v
er
s
f
r
o
m
1
0
.
9
1
GHz
t
o
1
4
GHz
.
T
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
is
-
4
6
.
8
3
d
B
a
t
1
1
.
8
8
GHz
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
is
also
ch
a
n
g
ed
m
o
s
tl
y
n
e
ar
to
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
at
1
2
GHz
a
n
d
1
4
GHz
f
o
r
b
o
th
E
-
f
ield
an
d
H
-
f
ield
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
co
n
ti
n
u
ed
b
y
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
U
C
DW
S
i
n
to
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
i
n
s
tead
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
Au
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
si
a
M
e
lak
a
(
UT
e
M
)
a
n
d
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
HE
)
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
e
n
t i
s
also
g
a
v
e
to
UT
eM
Z
a
m
ala
h
Sch
e
m
e
d
u
e
to
f
in
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
S
in
g
h
,
A
.
S
iw
a
c
h
a
n
d
L
.
Ka
u
r,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
d
e
sig
n
in
g
o
f
wid
e
b
a
n
d
h
o
rn
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
re
n
d
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
ET
T
)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
iss
u
e
4
,
p
p
.
7
1
9
-
7
2
2
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
J.A
.
Ha
m
a
d
a
m
e
e
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis,
d
e
sig
n
,
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
a
lo
g
p
e
ri
o
d
ic
a
n
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
b
a
n
d
s”
,
W
S
EA
S
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
issu
e
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
G
.
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
K.
Ch
a
n
g
,
J.S
.
S
u
n
a
n
d
Y.D.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Ultra
-
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
(
UW
B)
d
ip
o
le a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
me
a
su
re
me
n
t,
”
P
r
o
g
re
ss
In
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s Re
s
e
a
rc
h
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s,
Xi’a
n
,
Ch
in
a
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
4
-
1
8
1
6
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
J.
L
ian
g
,
C.
C.
Ch
iau
,
X
.
C
h
e
n
a
n
d
C.
G
.
P
a
rin
i,
“
P
r
in
ted
c
ircu
lar
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
-
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
J.
L
ian
g
,
L
.
G
u
o
,
C.
C.
Ch
iau
,
X.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
C.
G
.
P
a
rin
i,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
CPW
-
fed
c
irc
u
la
r
d
isc
mo
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IEE
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
M
icro
w
a
v
e
s,
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
5
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
2
0
-
5
2
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
5
.
[6
]
Y.
Co
u
li
b
a
ly
,
T
.
A
.
De
n
id
n
i,
L
.
Talb
i
a
n
d
A
.
R.
S
e
b
a
k
,
“
A
n
e
w
sin
g
le
la
y
e
r
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
C
P
W
fe
d
-
p
ri
n
ted
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
w
irel
e
ss
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ca
n
a
d
i
a
n
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
1
-
1
5
4
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
R.
A
.
M
o
o
d
y
a
n
d
S
.
K.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
“
I
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s o
n
c
o
-
p
l
a
n
a
r wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
fed
p
e
n
ta
g
o
n
sh
a
p
e
p
la
n
a
r
mo
n
o
p
o
le u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
t
h
(
UW
B)
a
n
ten
n
a
o
n
fo
a
m
su
b
str
a
te
p
ro
v
i
d
in
g
in
v
a
ria
n
t
ra
d
ia
ti
o
n
p
a
tt
e
rn
s,”
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
S
o
c
iety
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
(
A
P
S
URSI),
IE
EE
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
J.Y.
S
z
e
,
C.
I.
G
.
Hs
u
a
n
d
C.
H.
L
in
,
“
C
o
mp
a
c
t
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
c
irc
u
la
r
ly
p
o
l
a
rize
d
mo
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(IS
A
P
)
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
,
p
p
.
6
1
1
-
6
1
2
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
S
.
L
in
,
R.
N.
Ca
i,
G
.
-
L.
Hu
a
n
g
a
n
d
W
.
-
B.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
M
u
l
ti
b
a
n
d
p
ri
n
ted
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
sq
u
a
re
-
n
e
ste
d
fra
c
ta
l,
”
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
in
Ch
in
a
(CHIN
A
C
OM),
6
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
ICS
T
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
9
2
9
-
9
3
2
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
H.
F
a
ll
a
h
i
a
n
d
Z.
A
tl
a
sb
a
f
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
c
las
s
o
f
U
W
B
CP
W
-
f
e
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
f
ra
c
tal
e
le
m
e
n
ts,
”
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
IEE
E
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
4
-
1
4
8
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
M
.
N.
Iq
b
a
l,
H.
U.
Ra
h
m
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
Jilan
i,
“
N
o
v
e
l
c
o
mp
a
c
t
wid
e
b
a
n
d
c
o
p
l
a
n
a
r
wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
fe
d
h
e
p
ta
g
o
n
a
l
fra
c
ta
l
mo
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
wire
les
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
W
irele
ss
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(W
A
M
ICON
),
2
0
1
3
IE
EE
1
4
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
L
.
Zh
o
n
g
,
B.
S
u
n
,
J.
Qiu
a
n
d
N.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
c
ircu
lar
d
is
c
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
u
lt
ra
w
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
m
in
i
a
tu
re
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
PIE
RS
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
-
3
3
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
R.
P
il
lala
m
a
rri,
J.R.
P
a
n
d
a
a
n
d
R.
S
.
Ks
h
e
tri
m
a
y
u
m
,
“
P
ri
n
ted
UW
B
c
ircu
lar
a
n
d
m
o
d
if
ied
c
ircu
l
a
r
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
i
ss
u
e
1
,
v
o
l.
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
J.R.
S
o
h
n
,
K.Y.
Kim
,
H.
-
S
.
T
a
e
a
n
d
J.
-
H.
L
e
e
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
st
u
d
y
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
a
rti
f
icia
l
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
rs
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
ro
f
il
e
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
Pro
g
re
ss
In
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
3
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Micr
o
s
t
r
ip
-
F
ed
C
ir
cu
la
r
Dis
c
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
Defe
cted
W
a
ve
g
u
id
e
S
tr
u
ctu
r
es (
S.
J.
C
h
in
)
197
[1
5
]
Y.
S
u
,
L
.
X
i
n
g
,
Z.
Z.
Ch
e
n
g
,
J.
Din
g
a
n
d
C.
J.
G
u
o
,
“
M
u
tu
a
l
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
m
icro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
s
b
y
u
sin
g
d
u
a
l
lay
e
r
u
n
ip
lan
a
r
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
EB
G
(UC
-
EB
G
)
stru
c
tu
re
”
,
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
M
il
li
me
ter
W
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
ICM
M
T
)
,
2
0
1
0
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
Ch
e
n
g
d
u
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
-
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
M
.
S
.
A
lam
,
M
.
T
.
Isla
m
a
n
d
N.
M
is
ra
n
,
“
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
u
n
i
-
p
la
n
a
r
c
o
mp
a
c
t
e
lec
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
(
UC
-
EB
G)
stru
c
tu
re
fo
r
wid
e
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
ristics
”
,
2
0
1
2
A
sia
-
P
a
c
if
ic
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
p
p
.
6
3
7
-
6
4
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
N.
Ku
sh
w
a
h
a
a
n
d
R.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
Hig
h
g
a
in
UW
B
a
n
ten
n
a
u
si
n
g
c
o
mp
a
c
t
mu
lt
il
a
y
e
r
FS
S
,
”
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
icro
w
a
v
e
a
n
d
RF
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(IM
a
RC),
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
-
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
S
.
Ou
d
a
y
a
c
o
u
m
a
r,
T
.
Ka
rth
ik
e
y
a
n
a
n
d
V
.
Ha
ri
p
ra
sa
d
,
“
A
tri
p
l
e
-
b
a
n
d
mic
ro
strip
fed
mo
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
u
si
n
g
d
e
fec
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
c
t
u
re
fo
r
W
L
AN
a
n
d
W
i
-
M
AX
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(ICA
EE
),
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
V
.
S
.
Ku
sh
w
a
h
a
n
d
G
.
S
.
T
o
m
a
r,
“
S
ize
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
mic
ro
strip
p
a
tc
h
a
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
d
e
fec
ted
mic
ro
st
rip
stru
c
tu
re
s,”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s an
d
Ne
t
w
o
rk
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
-
2
0
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
B.
J.
K
w
a
h
a
,
O.
N.
In
y
a
n
g
a
n
d
P
.
Am
a
lu
,
“
T
h
e
c
ircu
lar
m
icro
st
rip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
-
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
e
n
t
R
e
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
t
u
d
ies
(
IJ
RR
AS
)
,
8
(
1
),
p
p
.
8
6
-
9
5
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
1
.
[2
1
]
G
.
W
.
M
.
W
h
y
t
e
,
A
n
ten
n
a
s f
o
r
W
i
re
les
s S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
c
o
t
lan
d
:
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
G
las
g
o
w
,
2
0
0
8
.
A.
E.
I.
L
a
m
m
in
e
n
,
A
.
R.
V
im
p
a
ri
a
n
d
J.
S
a
il
y
,
“
UC
-
EB
G
o
n
LT
CC
f
o
r
6
0
-
G
H
z
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
An
te
n
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
9
0
4
-
2
9
1
2
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
H.
Qin
,
D.
S
u
a
n
d
X
.
Zen
g
,
“
No
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
4
e
lem
e
n
ts
GPS
a
n
ten
n
a
a
rr
a
y
wit
h
UC
-
EB
G
stru
c
t
u
r
e
,
”
M
icro
w
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
&
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
(ICM
T
CE),
IEE
E
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
Qin
g
d
a
o
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
8
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
3
]
M
.
S
.
A
lam
,
M
.
T
.
Isla
m
a
n
d
N.
M
isra
n
,
“
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
u
n
i
-
p
la
n
a
r
c
o
mp
a
c
t
e
lec
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
(
UC
-
EB
G)
stru
c
tu
re
fo
r
wid
e
b
a
n
d
g
a
p
c
h
a
ra
c
ter
isti
c
s,”
A
sia
-
P
a
c
i
f
ic
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
t
ic
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
p
p
.
6
3
7
-
6
4
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
4
]
Bo
n
d
a
rik
a
n
d
D.
S
jö
b
e
rg
,
“
Imp
lem
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
UC
-
EB
G
stru
c
t
u
re
fo
r
6
0
GH
z
g
rid
d
e
d
p
a
ra
siti
c
p
a
tch
sta
c
k
e
d
mic
ro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
9
t
h
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
s an
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(
Eu
CA
P
)
,
L
isb
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.