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n
ical,
t
h
er
m
al
an
d
elec
tr
ical
.
T
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
icall
y
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
ele
m
en
ts
,
o
r
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
t
h
u
s
m
o
d
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
lo
ca
l
d
ielec
tr
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
u
t
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
co
s
t o
f
f
ab
r
icatio
n
[
1
1
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
m
a
n
y
m
ater
ial
s
u
n
d
er
g
o
a
ch
an
g
e
o
f
th
eir
E
M
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
u
ch
a
s
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
in
d
ex
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
eta
m
ater
ials
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
th
er
m
a
ll
y
b
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
to
e
x
ter
n
a
l
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
[
1
2
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
a
co
ld
m
ed
iu
m
is
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
an
y
d
ev
ice,
t
h
u
s
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
n
o
t
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
r
ea
l a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ov
er
th
e
p
ast
s
ev
er
al
y
ea
r
s
,
el
ec
tr
icall
y
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
m
e
ta
m
ater
ials
h
a
v
e
d
r
a
w
n
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
i
n
ter
est
d
u
e
to
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
E
M
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
m
eta
m
ater
ials
.
I
n
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
,
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
as
v
ar
ac
to
r
d
io
d
es,
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
an
d
m
icr
o
-
elec
tr
o
-
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
ME
M
S)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
.
A
v
ar
ac
to
r
d
io
d
e
is
ex
ten
s
i
v
el
y
s
t
u
d
ied
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
I
t
is
m
o
d
eled
as
a
v
ar
iab
le
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
th
is
p
r
o
p
er
ty
b
r
in
g
s
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
i
m
p
le
i
n
teg
r
at
io
n
an
d
b
i
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
u
e
to
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
d
io
d
e
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
t
u
n
in
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
lo
w
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
v
ar
i
atio
n
esp
ec
iall
y
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
is
th
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
b
esid
es
th
e
lack
o
f
s
u
i
tab
le
v
ar
ac
to
r
d
io
d
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l size
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
est s
w
itc
h
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
lo
w
i
n
s
er
t
io
n
lo
s
s
an
d
h
ig
h
is
o
latio
n
is
ME
MS,
b
u
t
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
h
as
i
ts
o
w
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
h
i
g
h
o
p
er
atio
n
v
o
ltag
es
(
7
0
–
150
V)
,
co
m
p
le
x
f
ab
r
icatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e,
a
n
d
s
lo
w
s
witch
i
n
g
s
p
ee
d
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
is
m
o
d
eled
as
a
v
a
r
iab
le
r
esis
tan
ce
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
d
io
d
e
f
o
r
v
ar
y
in
g
b
ias
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
[
1
8
-
2
0
]
in
a
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
s
h
ar
es
s
i
m
ilar
ities
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ar
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ea
s
e
o
f
i
n
teg
r
at
io
n
,
s
i
m
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
f
as
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
is
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
e
w
m
eta
m
at
er
ial
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
i
th
lo
w
lo
s
s
o
p
er
ates
at
28
GHz
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
n
e
w
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
as
PIN
d
io
d
e
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
h
e
g
ap
s
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Si
x
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
,
F1
to
F6
ar
e
c
r
ea
ted
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
eg
at
iv
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
v
al
u
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ch
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g
e
t
h
e
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tate
s
o
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th
e
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w
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e
s
f
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ten
n
a
b
ea
m
s
teer
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g
i
n
5
G
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
NUM
E
RICA
L
RE
SUL
T
S O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
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SE
D
M
E
T
AM
AT
E
RI
AL
UNIT
C
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L
L
2
.
1
.
M
e
t
a
m
a
t
er
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l
U
nit
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t
ru
ct
ure
B
r
id
g
e
-
s
h
ap
ed
r
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r
(
B
SR
)
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
i
s
d
ep
icted
in
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
b
r
id
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e
s
h
ap
ed
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
f
ac
e
[
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
a)
]
an
d
w
ir
e
s
tr
ip
i
n
t
h
e
b
ac
k
f
ac
e
[
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
]
an
d
th
e
b
o
th
f
ac
es
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ia
i
n
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
lo
o
p
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
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ce
ll
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
g
ap
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
th
er
eb
y
allo
w
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
.
B
SR
u
n
it
ce
ll
i
s
p
r
in
ted
o
n
th
e
0
.
2
5
4
m
m
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
5
8
8
0
th
ick
n
es
s
w
it
h
r
elativ
e
p
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m
i
tti
v
it
y
2
.
2
an
d
ta
n
g
e
n
t
-
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
9
.
T
h
e
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ar
e
ta
b
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
m
a
ter
ial
o
f
t
h
e
m
etall
ic
B
SR
is
lo
s
s
y
m
etal
co
p
p
er
w
i
th
a
n
elec
tr
ic
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
5
.
8
×
1
0
^
7
S/
m
a
n
d
th
e
th
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n
es
s
o
f
0
.
0
3
5
mm.
T
h
e
p
o
r
ts
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
ex
cit
e
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tics
(
E
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w
av
e
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
n
s
ti
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t
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p
ar
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m
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s
o
f
th
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p
r
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p
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ed
u
n
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t
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ll
i.e
.
th
e
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
in
d
e
x
.
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h
e
x
-
an
d
y
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ax
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s
ar
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allo
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w
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h
p
er
f
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t
m
ag
n
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co
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(
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MC)
a
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d
p
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t
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g
(
P
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b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
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ti
v
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y
.
T
h
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t
w
o
w
a
v
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u
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p
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ass
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n
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w
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h
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p
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(
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p
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n
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e
z
d
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n
as
s
h
o
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Fi
g
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1
(
c)
.
T
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ll
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m
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T
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T
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B
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d
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s
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s
at
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GHz
P
a
r
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me
t
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r
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a
l
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(
mm
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P
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(
mm
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X
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2
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7
R
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1
5
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5
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3
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2
5
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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0
8
8
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8708
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2
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2
9
4
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2944
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
B
SR
u
n
it c
ell
,
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t f
ac
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,
(
b
)
b
ac
k
f
ac
e
,
an
d
(
c)
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
g
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m
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y
2
.
2
.
L
o
w
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s
s
M
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a
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a
t
er
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I
n
th
is
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n
,
th
e
p
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o
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m
a
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ce
o
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m
e
ta
m
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ter
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tr
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u
r
e
o
p
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ates
at
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W
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
i
s
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ese
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ted
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B
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n
it
ce
ll
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
p
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ate
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8
GHz
b
an
d
w
h
ic
h
i
s
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h
e
ca
n
d
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b
an
d
f
o
r
5
G
m
o
b
ile
n
e
t
w
o
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k
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ev
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l
s
t
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e
r
e
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lectio
n
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ef
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icien
t,
,
o
f
t
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e
p
r
o
p
o
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n
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l.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
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ed
th
at
th
e
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
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s
a
b
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GHz
at
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d
B
.
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h
e
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ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
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s
in
h
er
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
m
eta
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ater
ials
ar
e
th
e
n
ar
r
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w
b
an
d
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id
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h
an
d
lo
s
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es
t
h
at
li
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it
t
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eir
ap
p
licatio
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s
an
d
late
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ab
le
m
eta
m
ater
ials
b
ased
d
ev
ices.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
1
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5
3
GHz
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co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
g
o
o
d
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
d
esp
ite
th
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
th
in
n
atu
r
e.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
lo
s
s
es
i
n
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
at
M
MW
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
ar
e
s
til
l
a
b
ig
is
s
u
e
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
est
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o
r
a
lo
w
-
lo
s
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
t
th
is
r
a
n
g
e
i
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
SR
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
-
3
5
-
3
0
-
2
5
-
2
0
-
1
5
-
1
0
-5
0
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qu
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nc
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n
(
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H
z
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s
-
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r
a
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r
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S
1
1
S
2
1
G
X
X1
Y
Y
1
U
R
X1
U
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
b
le
Meta
ma
teri
a
l
S
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
t Milli
mete
r
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ve
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r
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cy
R
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(
B. A. F.
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il
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2945
I
n
th
is
w
o
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h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
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ef
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icie
n
t
is
u
s
ed
to
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r
e
th
e
lo
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s
o
f
th
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
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r
lo
w
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s
s
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h
e
p
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e
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(
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ca
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clo
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to
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in
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lin
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r
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ca
le)
at
d
esire
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f
r
eq
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en
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y
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
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io
n
b
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d
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
e
d
B
SR
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n
it
ce
ll
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
at
2
8
GHz
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
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SR
s
h
o
w
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t
h
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lo
w
es
t
lo
s
s
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y
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o
u
t
-
0
.
0
6
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B
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9
9
in
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e
a
r
s
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le)
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8
GHz
in
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m
p
r
es
s
io
n
w
it
h
r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
B
SR
u
n
it
ce
ll
ac
h
iev
e
s
n
ea
r
ze
r
o
lo
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s
w
h
ich
al
m
o
s
t
ac
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ie
v
e
s
t
h
e
f
u
ll tr
a
n
s
m
is
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io
n
at
2
8
GHz
MM
W
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
lo
s
s
es
ca
n
g
iv
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
in
f
l
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en
ce
s
a
n
d
ad
v
er
s
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
to
w
ar
d
th
e
r
ea
l
izatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
t
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
n
e
g
at
iv
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
v
e
s
tig
ated
to
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
t
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ials
an
d
t
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
Nico
ls
o
n
R
o
s
s
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eir
(
NR
W
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
co
m
p
lex
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
co
n
s
t
itu
t
iv
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
b
o
th
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
m
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tti
v
it
y
a
n
d
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ca
lc
u
lated
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
p
le
x
r
e
f
lectio
n
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
th
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
√
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
ea
l
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
e
x
.
T
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
n
eg
ati
v
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
B
SR
u
n
it
ce
ll is
v
er
i
f
ied
h
er
e
b
y
t
h
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
r
ef
lec
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l p
a
r
t o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
N
UM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S
O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
RE
CO
NF
I
G
U
RAB
L
E
M
E
T
AM
AT
E
RIAL
B
ased
o
n
th
e
B
SR
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
p
er
ty
i
s
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
u
s
in
g
c
o
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
s
ac
t
as
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
as
r
e
v
ea
led
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fo
u
r
s
w
itc
h
es
(
D1
,
D2
,
D3
,
an
d
D4
)
a
r
e
in
s
er
ted
in
th
e
g
ap
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
co
l
u
m
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
e
u
s
e
a
s
tr
ip
o
f
co
p
p
er
to
m
i
m
ic
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
P
I
N
d
io
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
u
s
in
g
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
-
8
0
-
6
0
-
4
0
-
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Fre
qu
e
nc
y
i
n
(
G
H
z
)
R
e
a
l
pa
r
t
s
of
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
i
nd
e
x
R
e
(
n
)
D1
D
2
D
3
D
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
2
9
4
2
–
2
9
4
9
2946
T
h
e
C
ST
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
B
S
R
w
it
h
a
n
ac
ti
v
e
d
ev
ice,
P
I
N
d
io
d
e,
b
y
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
th
e
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
as
a
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic,
m
ag
n
etic,
an
d
f
ee
d
in
g
o
p
en
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
as
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
1
.
I
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
w
itc
h
is
ON
w
h
i
le
v
ac
u
u
m
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
OFF
s
ta
te
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
in
th
e
g
ap
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
it
ce
ll
g
i
v
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
f
r
o
m
F
2
to
F6
an
d
also
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
i
n
d
ex
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
B
S
R
u
n
it
c
ell
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tates
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
is
d
ep
icted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
I
t
is
n
o
ticea
b
le
th
at
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
i
n
s
er
ti
n
g
m
o
r
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
i
n
th
e
g
ap
s
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
i
n
cr
e
ased
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
s
(
g
ap
s
)
ar
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t,
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
in
d
e
x
v
a
l
u
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
it
ce
l
l
ar
e
tab
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
i
cien
ts
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
T
ab
le
2
.
Sw
itch
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t,
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
r
ef
r
ac
t
iv
e
in
d
e
x
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
it c
ell
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
u
n
ab
le
m
eta
m
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
-
3
5
-
3
0
-
2
5
-
2
0
-
1
5
-
1
0
-5
0
Fre
qu
e
nc
y
i
n
(
G
H
z
)
S1
1
D
1
O
N
D
1
,
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
D
2
,
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
D
2
,
D
3
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
a
nd
D
2
O
N
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
-
6
0
-
5
0
-
4
0
-
3
0
-
2
0
-
1
0
0
Fre
qu
e
nc
y
i
n
(
G
H
z
)
S2
1
D
1
O
N
D
1
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
D
2
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
D
2
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36
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t (
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:
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6
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4
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
C.
S
a
b
a
h
,
"
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
-
a
n
g
le
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in
d
e
p
e
n
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e
n
t
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ish
n
e
t
-
b
a
se
d
w
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e
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m
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teri
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l
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o
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rise
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tag
o
n
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a
p
e
d
re
so
n
a
to
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h
se
n
so
r
a
n
d
a
b
so
rb
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
.
M
a
ter
ia
ls
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
7
(5
),
p
p
.
4
7
7
7
-
4
7
8
7
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
V
.
G
.
V
e
se
lag
o
,
"
T
h
e
e
le
c
tro
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
su
b
sta
n
c
e
s
w
it
h
si
m
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
sly
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
a
n
d
μ,
"
S
o
v
iet
p
h
y
sic
s
u
sp
e
k
h
i
,
v
o
l.
1
0
(
4
),
p
.
5
0
9
,
1
9
6
8
.
[3
]
JB.
P
e
n
d
ry
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
L
o
w
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
p
las
m
o
n
s
in
t
h
in
-
w
ire
stru
c
tu
r
e
s”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s:
Co
n
d
e
n
se
d
M
a
tt
e
r
,
v
o
l.
1
0
(
2
2
):
4
7
8
5
,
Ju
n
1
9
9
8
.
[4
]
A
.
A
rc
h
a
m
b
a
u
lt
,
e
t
a
l.
, "
S
u
p
e
rle
n
s in
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
a
in
,
"
Ph
y
sic
a
l
re
v
iew l
e
tt
e
rs
.
3
0
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
9
(
9
),
0
9
7
4
0
5
,
A
u
g
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
S
o
ric
JC,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
m
o
n
stra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
n
u
lt
ra
lo
w
p
r
o
f
il
e
c
lo
a
k
f
o
r
s
c
a
tt
e
rin
g
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
o
f
a
f
in
it
e
-
l
e
n
g
th
ro
d
i
n
f
re
e
sp
a
c
e
,
"
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w
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
s.
2
5
,
v
o
l.
1
5
(3
),
0
3
3
0
3
7
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
R.
Ra
jn
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
e
tam
a
teria
l
In
sp
ired
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
IS
M
Ba
n
d
b
y
A
d
d
in
g
S
in
g
le
-
L
a
y
e
r
Co
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
S
p
li
t
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
).
1
v
o
l
.
5
(
6
),
1
3
2
8
-
3
5
,
De
c
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
L
.
Zh
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
L
o
w
-
lo
ss
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
m
e
ta
m
a
teri
a
l
a
t
T
Hz
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
ies
b
y
su
p
p
re
ss
in
g
ra
d
iatio
n
lo
ss
e
s,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
T
e
ra
h
e
rtz S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
v
o
l
.
1
3
(6
)
,
p
p
.
8
0
5
-
1
1
,
No
v
2
0
1
3
.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
-
8
0
-
6
0
-
4
0
-
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Fre
qu
e
nc
y
i
n
(
G
H
z
)
N
e
ga
t
i
v
e
R
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
I
nd
e
x
D
1
O
N
D
1
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
,
D
2
a
nd
D
4
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N
D
1
,
D
2
,
D
3
a
nd
D
4
O
N
D
1
a
nd
D
2
O
N
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
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Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
2
9
4
2
–
2
9
4
9
2948
[8
]
Y.
F
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
L
o
w
-
lo
ss
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
Q p
lan
a
r
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
w
it
h
to
r
o
i
d
a
l
m
o
m
e
n
t,
"
Ph
y
sic
a
l
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iew B
.
1
5
,
v
o
l.
8
7
(
1
1
),
p
.
1
1
5
4
1
7
,
M
a
r
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
KL
.
Tsa
k
m
a
k
id
is,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ne
g
a
ti
v
e
-
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
il
it
y
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
a
ll
y
in
d
u
c
e
d
tran
sp
a
re
n
t
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
a
ll
y
a
c
ti
v
e
m
e
ta
m
a
t
e
rials,
"
Ph
y
sic
a
l
Rev
iew B
.
2
7
v
o
l.
8
1
(1
9
),
p
.
1
9
5
1
2
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
0
[1
0
]
A
D.
Bo
a
rd
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
tu
n
a
b
le
m
e
ta
m
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Zh
a
o
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t
a
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2
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a
n
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mm
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p
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3
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L
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k
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t
a
l.
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it
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ircu
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a
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in
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c
h
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r’s
d
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re
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n
g
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rin
g
f
ro
m
th
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Un
iv
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rsiti
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b
a
n
g
sa
a
n
o
f
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a
la
y
si
a
,
Ba
n
g
i,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
1
9
9
9
,
t
h
e
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
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h
o
r
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h
r
u
,
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a
lay
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,
in
2
0
0
5
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
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rsite’
d
e
Re
n
n
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s
1
,
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n
n
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ra
n
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e
,
in
2
0
1
2
.
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is
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u
rre
n
tl
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th
e
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d
o
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rc
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ter
f
o
r
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p
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li
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tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,
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iv
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u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
si
a
(U
T
HM),
Ba
tu
P
a
h
a
t
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
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re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
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lu
d
e
EM
C,
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
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sh
ield
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g
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b
io
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tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
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s,
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icro
w
a
v
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d
e
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ice
s,
a
d
v
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n
c
e
d
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n
ten
n
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d
e
sig
n
,
m
a
teria
l
c
h
a
r
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c
teriz
a
ti
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,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
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a
l
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
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s.
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S
a
m
su
l
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
m
a
n
y
c
o
n
f
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re
n
c
e
p
ro
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e
d
in
g
s
a
s
w
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ll
a
s jo
u
rn
a
l
p
a
p
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rs i
n
l
o
c
a
l
a
n
d
in
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
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o
h
a
m
a
d
K
a
m
a
l
A
R
a
h
i
m
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
En
g
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
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e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
trath
c
l
y
d
e
,
UK
,
in
1
9
8
7
.
I
n
1
9
8
9
,
h
e
jo
in
e
d
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
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m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
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a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
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iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
Ku
a
la
L
u
m
p
u
r
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
Lec
tu
re
r
A
.
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o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
.
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n
g
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ne
w
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o
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t
h
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a
les
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u
stra
li
a
in
1
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9
2
a
n
d
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h
D
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Bir
m
in
g
h
a
m
UK
in
2
0
0
3
.
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e
is
th
e
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
RF
a
n
d
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n
ten
n
a
a
t
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a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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e
c
tri
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l
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g
in
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e
rin
g
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
n
c
lu
d
e
s th
e
a
re
a
s o
f
d
e
sig
n
o
f
d
iele
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icro
strip
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,
sm
a
ll
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icro
wa
v
e
se
n
so
rs,
RF
ID
a
n
ten
n
a
s
f
o
r
r
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a
d
e
rs
a
n
d
tag
s,
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u
lt
i
-
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icr
o
w
a
v
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c
i
c
u
it
s,
EBG
,
a
rti
f
icia
l
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
rs,
m
e
ta
m
a
teri
a
ls,
p
h
a
se
d
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
a
id
e
d
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
m
il
li
m
e
ter
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
2
0
0
a
rti
c
les
i
n
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
rs.
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