Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
2020
,
pp.
2944
~
2950
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
3
.
pp2944
-
29
50
2944
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Perform
ance ana
lysis of
bio
-
S
ignal
processi
ng in oc
ean
Envir
onment usi
ng soft c
ompu
ting techni
qu
es
N.
R.
Krishn
am
oorth
y, Im
man
uel
Rajku
mar
,
Jerr
y Al
exander
,
D.
M
arsh
i
ana
Sath
y
aba
m
a
I
nstit
ute of
Sc
ie
n
ce
and
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
,
India
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
i
cl
e hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r
23
, 201
9
Re
vised
Dec
1
2
,
20
19
Accepte
d
J
a
n 8
, 2020
W
ire
le
ss
communic
a
ti
on
has
bec
om
e
an
essential
technolo
g
y
in
ou
r
da
y
-
to
-
da
y
li
fe
both
in
ai
r
a
nd
wate
r
m
edium
.
To
m
onit
or
the
health
par
amete
r
of
hu
m
an
begi
ns,
adva
nce
m
ent
t
ec
hn
i
ques
li
ke
int
ern
e
t
of
thi
ngs
is
evol
ved
.
But
to
ana
l
y
z
e
under
wate
r
l
ivi
ng
or
gani
sm
s
hea
lt
h
par
amete
rs
,
rese
arc
h
ers
find
ing
diffi
cu
lt
i
es
t
o
do
so.
The
re
ason
behi
nd
is
under
wate
r
cha
nne
ls ha
s dra
wbac
ks l
ike
sign
al
degr
ad
ation
due
to
m
ult
ipa
th
p
ropa
gation
,
seve
re
ambient
noise
and
Atte
n
uat
ion
b
y
bo
tt
o
m
and
surfac
e
loss.
In
thi
s
pape
r
Artificial
Neura
l
Network
s
(AN
N)
is
u
sed
to
per
form
dat
a
tra
nsfer
in
wate
r
m
edi
um
.
A
sam
ple
EE
G
s
igna
l
is
gen
era
t
e
d
and
tr
ai
n
ed
wi
th
2
and
20
hidde
n
l
a
y
ers.
Sim
ula
ti
on
resul
t
sh
owed
th
at
e
rror
fre
e
comm
unic
a
ti
on
is
ac
hi
eve
d
wi
th
2
0
hidde
n
lay
e
rs
at
10th
itera
ti
on.
The
propos
ed
a
lgori
thm
is
val
id
at
ed
using
a
re
al
t
ime
wat
ermark
tool
box
.
Two
diffe
r
ent
m
odula
ti
on
sche
m
e
was
app
li
ed
al
ong
wi
th
AN
N.
In
the
firs
t
sce
na
rio,
the
E
EG
sign
al
is
m
odula
te
d
usin
g
convol
uti
on
code
and
d
ec
o
ded
b
y
Vite
rb
i
Algorit
hm
.
Multi
ple
x
ing
te
c
hnique
is
appl
ied
in
the
sec
ond
sce
nar
io
.
It
is
observe
d
that
ene
rg
y
l
evel
in
t
he
orde
r
of
40
d
B
is
req
uir
ed
fo
r
le
ast
err
or
r
ate
.
It
is
al
so
evi
den
t
from
sim
ula
ti
on
r
esul
t
t
hat
m
axi
m
um
of
5%
CP
ca
n
b
e
m
ai
nta
in
ed
t
o
at
t
ai
n
the l
e
ast M
ea
n
Square
Er
ror.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Feed
-
f
orward
neural
netw
ork
Gr
a
dient
Hidden
la
ye
r
Me
an
s
qu
a
re e
rror
Mi
cro
-
orga
nis
m
Waterm
ark
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cien
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
N.
R.
Krish
na
m
oo
rthy,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
an
d I
ns
tr
um
entat
ion
Enginee
rin
g,
Sathya
bam
a Insti
tute of
Scie
nc
e an
d
Tec
hnol
og
y,
Ra
j
iv
Ga
ndhi
Sala
i, Sholi
nga
nallur
, Ch
e
nna
i, Tam
i
lnadu,
I
nd
ia
.
Em
a
il
:
kr
ishn
a
m
o
or
thy.eni@
sat
hyabam
a.ac.in
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
W
i
reless
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
ha
s
beco
m
e
an
e
ssentia
l
te
chno
log
y
in
our
da
y
-
to
-
day
li
fe
in
un
der
a
nd
above
t
he
gro
und
le
vel.
B
ut
there
is
dif
f
eren
ce
in
dat
a
transm
issi
o
n
in
unde
rw
at
e
r
a
nd
ai
r
m
e
diu
m
.
Data
tra
ns
m
iss
ion
in
unde
r
wa
te
r
can
be
done
by
ac
ousti
c
wav
e
s
rather
t
han
Ele
ct
r
om
a
gn
et
ic
wa
ves
[
1],
since
it
la
cks
in
the
l
ong
ra
ng
e
pr
opagati
on.
U
nd
e
r
water
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
has
few
draw
bac
ks
[2,
3]
c
om
par
ed
t
o
ai
r
m
edium
su
ch
as
m
ulti
path
pro
pa
gation
[4
]
,
Atte
nu
at
io
n
f
act
or
,
S
ig
nal
losses
[5
]
an
d
Li
m
it
ed
Ba
nd
width.
Re
searche
rs
[
6]
showe
d
t
ha
t
the
ba
ndw
idth
of
a
n
unde
r
water
c
ha
nn
el
is
direct
ly
pr
op
or
ti
on
al
t
o
the
tran
sm
issi
o
n
dista
nce
a
nd
it
s
achievable
data
rate
is
1
kbps
f
or
l
ong
ra
ng
e
(
50
km
s)
and
10
kbps
for
shor
t
range
of
few
km
s
[7
]
.
In
[
8,
9],
a
utho
r
desi
gn
e
d
a
n
op
ti
cal
powe
r
sp
li
tt
er
f
or
unde
rw
at
er
wi
reless
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
a
pp
li
cat
ion.
A
m
ic
ro
struc
ture
Ga
N
se
m
ic
on
duct
or
was
dev
el
ope
d
by
Me
ta
l
-
orga
nics
Chem
ic
a
l Deposit
ion m
et
ho
d. T
he
re
su
lt
s
howe
d
im
balanc
e loss o
f 0.
17 dB
.
In
[10
]
,
un
derwate
r
bi
directi
on
al
c
omm
un
i
cat
ion
us
i
ng
L
ED
wa
s
carrie
d
out
by
the
a
ut
hors.
Vo
lt
ag
e
le
vel
of
3.4
6
volt
s
is
require
d
for
the
t
ran
sm
issi
on
of
data
f
ro
m
transm
i
tt
e
r
to
receive
r.
O
n
an
ot
her
si
de,
a
4.2
vo
lt
s
is
need
e
d
fo
r
rec
ei
ver
t
o
captu
re
the
data.
Usi
ng
s
uc
h
a
vo
lt
age
le
vel
will
cause
har
m
fu
l
to
the
li
vin
g
orga
nism
,
hen
ce
researc
hers
can
av
oid
us
i
ng
L
ED
s
ourc
e
and
go
f
or
a
coust
ic
sign
al
as
a
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
pur
po
se
.
L
ot
of
m
od
er
n
c
od
i
ng
te
ch
niques
are
a
pp
li
ed
f
or
unde
r
water
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
.
A
Re
l
ia
bili
ty
Level
L
ist
b
ased
dec
od
i
ng
al
gorith
m
[
11
]
is app
li
ed
to an
A
WGN ch
a
nnel
an
d at
ta
ined
an
BE
R i
n
the o
r
der
of
10
-
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
708
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
of
bio
-
Signa
l
processi
ng in
oce
an
E
nv
ironme
nt
us
i
ng …
(
N.
R. Kri
sh
na
moort
hy
)
2945
The
al
gorithm
was
te
ste
d
on
Sing
le
I
nput
Sing
e
Ou
t
pu
t
(S
I
SO)
cha
nne
l
al
on
e.
To
e
nhance
the
ba
ndwi
dth
util
iz
at
ion
of t
he recei
ve
r,
res
e
arch
e
rs wil
l m
ake u
se
of R
ake
receive
r.
In
[
1
2
]
,
auth
or
us
e
d
Con
ti
nu
ous
W
a
velet
Tr
ansfo
rm
a
lon
g
with
Ra
ke
rece
iver.
It
was
te
ste
d
for
bot
h
li
ne
of
sig
ht
an
d
no
n
-
li
ne
of
si
gh
t
c
ha
nn
el
s
w
it
h
dif
fer
e
nt
dB
le
vels.
The
di
sta
nce
betwee
n
the
tra
ns
m
it
t
er
an
d
rece
iver
m
ai
ntained
is
ab
ou
t
4
m
et
ers
resul
ts
in
the
BER
in
the
order
of
10
-
3.
MIM
O
-
OFDM
syst
em
was
i
m
ple
m
ented
by
the
a
uthor
for
Ra
yl
ei
gh
and
Ri
ci
an
Chan
nel
[
13
]
.
Enc
od
i
ng
w
as
done
by
OFDM
te
chn
iq
ue
[
14
-
16
]
with
CP
a
nd
in
t
he
recei
ve
r
sect
io
n
LM
S
an
d
RLS
al
go
rithm
was
de
velo
ped
an
d
e
r
ror
rate
is
cal
culat
ed.
Fo
r
ap
plica
ti
on
li
ke
ocea
n
po
ll
utio
n
m
on
i
toring,
in
du
st
r
ia
l
sensing
a
nd
disaste
r
pr
e
ven
ti
on
pur
po
se
,
an
U
nder
wa
te
r
A
co
ust
ic
Sens
or
Net
works
[
17
]
wa
s
desig
ned.
RF
sign
al
al
ong
w
it
h
Zigb
ee
w
as
us
ed
for
point
to
po
int
com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
.
Ot
her
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
li
ke
turbo
eq
ualiz
at
ion
[
18
]
,
L
ow
D
ensity
Parity
C
hec
k
Cod
es
[
19
]
,
Sp
ace
Fr
e
quenc
y
Bl
ock
cod
in
g
[20
]
and
De
ci
sion
Feed
bac
k
Eq
ualiz
er
[
21,
22]
are
appl
ie
d
t
o
the un
derwate
r
ch
a
nn
el
.
In
t
he
fiel
d
of
sci
ence
an
d
i
ndus
t
ry,
m
od
er
ni
zi
ng
is
ca
rr
ie
d
out
by
m
eans
of
s
ens
or
net
w
orks
[23
]
to
m
on
it
or
the
i
ndus
tria
l
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
[24],
m
ic
ro
ha
bitat
[25
]
an
d
und
e
rw
at
er
en
vir
onm
ental
syst
e
m
[26
]
.
To
locat
e
a
nd
rescu
e
t
he
victim
s
in
the
s
ea
ocea
n,
underwate
r
rob
ots
[
27
]
ca
n
be
use
d.
T
he
a
dvan
ta
ge
of
us
in
g
r
obots is
it
can
div
e a
nd
swim
ev
en
at
dee
p
sea
wh
e
re
hu
m
ans
can
not do
a
nd
br
in
gs
safety
to
the
hum
an
li
fe.
Ro
bo
ts
c
oor
din
at
e
am
ong
them
sel
ves
to
s
olv
e
a
certa
in
pro
blem
.
Wh
il
e
doin
g
s
o,
i
t
is
ver
y
im
po
r
ta
nt
to
see
ho
w
e
ff
ect
i
ve
t
he
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
is
car
r
ie
d
ou
t.
T
he
da
ta
transm
issi
on
in
unde
rwat
er
is
ve
ry
di
ff
ic
ul
t
due
to
it
s
strong
re
la
ti
ve
m
otion
of
t
he
r
obots.
In
t
his
pa
per,
so
ft
c
om
pu
ti
ng
te
ch
niques
s
uch
a
s
Fee
d
-
F
orward
Neural
Netw
ork
is
app
li
ed
to
stud
y
the
perf
or
m
ance
of
th
e
underwate
r
c
hannel.
Sam
ple
bio
EEG
sig
nal
is
gen
e
rated
and
com
m
un
ic
at
ed
from
o
ne
e
nd to othe
r
e
nd u
si
ng n
e
ural
n
et
w
ork.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
To
m
i
m
ic
the
hu
m
an
ne
rvo
us
syst
e
m
and
operati
on
of
bra
in,
a
n
A
rtific
ia
l
Neural
Net
w
ork(A
NN)
is
inv
e
nted.
F
or
var
ie
ti
es
of
A
rtific
ia
l
In
te
ll
igence
op
e
rati
on
li
ke
data
pr
edict
ion
,
patte
rn
rec
ogniti
on
an
d
cl
us
te
rin
g,
ANN
are
us
e
d
int
ensively
.
T
he
basic
el
em
ent
in
A
NN
is
pro
cessi
ng
el
em
e
nt
cal
le
d
as
ne
uro
ns
wh
ic
h
act
si
m
i
la
r
to
the
neur
al
cel
ls
in
hu
m
an
brai
n.
S
ubgro
up
of
th
e
se
neur
on
s
a
re
re
ferred
as
la
ye
r
.ANN
com
pr
ise
s
of
on
e
in
put
an
d
outp
ut
la
ye
r
with
one
or
m
or
e
tha
n
one
hidden
la
ye
rs.
Ne
uro
ns
will
recei
ve
the
sig
nal
ei
ther
from
ano
the
r
ne
uro
n
or
an
y
oth
er
e
xter
na
l
env
ir
onm
ent
and
it
is
passe
d
thr
ough
a
se
ries
of
neur
on
s
a
nd
fi
nally
to
the
ou
tpu
t
la
ye
r.
In
t
he
trai
ni
ng
sta
ge,
a
set
of
i
nput
an
d
ou
t
pu
t
pairs
a
re
prese
nted
t
o
the
net
work.
T
he
ne
tw
ork
is
excit
ed
with
in
pu
t,
t
he
weig
hts
of
the
eac
h
ne
uro
ns
are
m
odifie
d
a
nd
a
n
optim
al
value
are
obta
ined
.
A
fter
that
,
act
ual
inp
ut
data
is
al
lowe
d
to
pa
ss
thr
ou
gh
t
he
netw
or
k
an
d
outp
ut
da
ta
are
com
pu
te
d
wit
h
that
fixe
d
wei
gh
ts
of
ne
uro
ns.
The
t
ransl
at
ion
of
sig
nals
f
ro
m
inp
ut
to
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
res
pons
e
is
ref
e
rr
e
d
as
tra
ns
fe
r
functi
on
of
the
proces
sing
el
em
ents.
The
unde
rw
at
e
r
c
hannel
is
m
od
el
e
d
us
in
g
m
irror
i
m
age
te
chn
iq
ue.
T
he
at
te
nu
at
ion
a
nd
noise
of
t
he
ocean
is
cal
culat
ed
usi
ng
We
nz
Cu
r
ve
an
d
am
bien
t
no
is
e
form
ula.
Along
with
this
f
act
or
the
sig
na
l
deg
ra
datio
n
by
m
ulti
path
prop
a
gatio
n
is
al
so
con
si
de
red.
The
ne
ural
network
is
tra
ine
d
with
the
fou
r
diff
e
re
nt
set
of
i
m
pu
lse
respo
ns
e
of
the
cha
nn
el
.
A
sam
pl
e
EE
G
sign
al
is
ge
nerat
ed
usi
ng MA
TLAB s
oft
ware an
d
the
p
e
rfo
rm
ance an
al
ysi
s of
ANN
is
de
te
rm
ined.
Figure
1. Im
pulse
r
es
pons
e
of
the c
hannels
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
29
44
-
2950
2946
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
Fo
r
the
sim
u
la
ti
on
pur
pose,
f
our
dif
fer
e
nt
oc
ean
co
nd
it
io
n
are
assum
ed.
First
on
e
is
short
distance
,
wh
e
re
the
s
our
ce
and
destinat
ion
are
se
pa
rated
by
s
hort
dis
ta
nce
of
500
m
et
ers
with
the
ocean
de
pth
of
1
km
,
seco
nd
c
onditi
on
is
sam
e
as
first
one w
it
h
sl
igh
t
a
dd
it
io
n
al
co
ndit
ion
that sen
der
a
nd
rec
ei
ver
w
il
l
ha
ve
a
dri
ft
of
1
m
/s.
The
third
an
d
f
ourth
c
onditi
on
ha
ve
a
l
ong
dista
nce
of
10
km
with
a
nd
wit
hout
dri
ft
re
sp
e
ct
ively
.
These
f
our
di
f
fer
e
nt
conditi
ons
are
nam
ed
as
four
ch
an
ne
l
fo
r
the
eval
ua
ti
on
pur
pose.
The
ch
a
nnel
im
pu
ls
e
respo
ns
e
are
s
how
n
in
the
F
igure
1.
T
he
at
te
nu
at
io
n
fac
tor,
Am
bient
no
ise
a
nd
s
urf
ace
-
bott
om
los
s
are
cal
culat
ed
acc
ordin
g
to
t
he
c
onditi
on
a
nd
optim
al
fr
eq
uency
is
cal
culat
e
d
as
400
Hz
f
or
cha
nnel
1
a
nd
2
a
nd
100
Hz
for
ch
enn
al
3
a
nd
4.
The
sam
ple
E
EG
sig
nal
is
gen
erate
d
us
i
ng
this
op
ti
m
a
l
fr
eq
ue
ncy
and
sent
to
these f
our
d
if
fe
ren
t c
onditi
ons
u
si
ng f
ee
d
-
for
ward
ne
ur
al
ne
twork
.
It
is
fo
und
fro
m
the
F
igu
re
2
that,
fo
r
a
2
hi
dd
e
n
la
ye
r
arch
it
ect
ur
e
a
m
ini
m
u
m
Me
an
S
qu
a
re
Er
ror
(MSE)
of
0.0
5
for
c
hannel4
and
m
axi
m
u
m
MSE
of
0.15
for
the
c
ha
nn
e
l1.
Fi
gure
2
al
so
s
hows
t
he
MSE
of
the
fou
r
cha
nn
el
s
fo
r
20
hi
dden
la
ye
r
arc
hitec
ture,
We
obt
ai
ned
MSE
le
ve
l
of
al
m
os
t
ze
ro
for
al
l
the
channels
with
data
En
erg
y
le
vel
(E
b/No)
of
10
dB
with
incre
ased
it
erati
on
values.
It
is
al
so
ob
se
rv
e
d
from
the
sim
ulati
on
that
the
gr
a
die
nt
val
ue
of
the
ne
ur
al
netw
or
k
is
sta
rt
dec
re
asi
ng
f
ro
m
0.4
5
to
10
-
5
with
Eb/N
o
value
of
5
a
nd
corres
pondin
g
σ
value
al
so
de
creases
from
0.01
t
o
10
-
5
w
it
h
Eb/N
o
valu
e
of
5.
It
is
ev
ident
that
the
Si
gn
a
ls
are
recei
ve
d
back
with
out
any
def
ect
us
in
g
feed
-
f
orwa
rd
net
work
with
20
ne
uron
s
i
n
the
hi
dd
e
n
la
ye
r.
T
he
dr
a
wb
a
c
k
in
it
is
that
th
e
it
erati
on
le
ve
l
is
ver
y
hi
gh. To
o
ve
rc
om
e
t
hese,
it
is
co
nc
lud
e
d
that
on
e
ca
n
try
the
adap
ti
ve
neural
netw
ork
in
the
channel
to
com
pen
sat
e
the
Dopp
le
r
sh
ift
of
th
e
unde
rw
at
e
r
acoust
ic
ch
a
nnel
.
Figure
2
.
Per
f
orm
ance o
f f
our
ch
a
nn
el
us
i
ng
feed
-
f
orwa
rd ne
ur
al
netw
ork wit
h 2 a
nd
20 n
e
uro
ns
i
n hid
den lay
er
4.
VA
LI
D
ATIO
N
O
F P
ROP
O
SED
ALGO
R
ITHM
Durin
g
the
pas
t
decad
e
s,
num
erous
co
ding
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
has
been
dev
el
op
e
d
for
data
tran
sm
issi
on
i
n
water
m
edium
.
Un
li
ke
ai
r
m
e
diu
m
,
it
is
ver
y
diff
ic
ult
to
val
idate
the
al
gori
thm
in
unde
rwat
er
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
In
2016,
unde
rw
at
er
Ac
ousT
ic
channel
Re
play
ben
c
hM
A
RK
(
WATER
MARK)
[
28,
29
]
is
intr
oduc
ed
f
or
unde
rw
at
er
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
r
esearche
r.
It
is
a
reali
sti
c
si
m
ula
ti
on
to
olbox
w
hich
e
nabl
es
the
researc
her
t
o
dev
el
op,
te
st
a
nd
com
par
e
th
ei
r
al
gorithm
i
n
real
ti
m
e
env
ir
on
m
ent.
Th
e
too
l
box
c
ons
ist
s
of
five
dif
fer
e
nt
channels
c
orr
esp
onds
t
o
di
ff
e
ren
t
e
nviro
nm
ental
con
di
ti
on
.
T
he
c
ha
nn
el
s
a
re
na
m
ed
in
the
f
avor
of
the
locat
io
n
as
Norw
ay
-
Osl
ofj
ord
(NOF
1),
Norw
ay
-
Co
ntinental
S
helf
(
NCS1),
B
rest
Com
m
ercial
Har
bo
ur
(BCH1),
Kauai
Aco
m
m
s
MURI
20
11
(KAM1
1)
e
xp
erim
ent
(K
AU
1)
an
d
K
A
U2.
De
pendin
g
up
on
the
num
ber
of
input
an
d
outp
ut
cha
nnel
s
,
m
od
el
s
are
cat
e
gorize
as
ei
ther
Sing
le
I
nput
Si
ng
le
O
utput
(
S
IS
O
)
or
Si
ngle
Inp
ut
Mult
ipe
Ou
t
pu
t
(S
IM
O).
T
able
1
s
hows
t
he
en
vir
onm
ental
con
diti
on
of
the
fi
ve
c
hannels.
The
va
rio
us
pa
ram
et
ers
con
sidere
d
in
the
wa
te
rm
ark
too
lb
ox
a
re
ra
nge,
ty
pe
of
tra
ns
m
itter
and
r
ecei
ve
r
dep
l
oym
ent,
frequ
e
ncy
ba
nd,
D
oppler
co
ve
rag
e
et
c.
In
thi
s
pa
per,
NOF1
cha
nn
el
is
co
ns
ide
red
to
val
idate
the pr
opos
e
d
al
gorithm
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
708
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
of
bio
-
Signa
l
processi
ng in
oce
an
E
nv
ironme
nt
us
i
ng …
(
N.
R. Kri
sh
na
moort
hy
)
2947
Figure
3. Re
trie
val of sam
ple
ECG
from
the U
AC
us
i
ng f
ee
d
-
forwar
d neur
al
n
et
w
ork
AEE
G
si
gn
al
i
s
ge
nerat
ed
a
nd
m
od
ulate
d
usi
ng
BPS
K.
Th
en
it
is
al
lo
we
d
to
pass
t
hro
ugh
the
N
OF1
channel.
For
validat
io
n
of
ANN
i
n
unde
rw
at
er
ch
an
ne
l,
two
di
ff
e
re
nt
co
ding
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
em
plo
ye
d.
In
the
first
sc
enar
i
o,
t
he
m
odulate
d
data
i
s
e
ncode
d
usi
ng
co
nvol
ution
c
od
e
an
d
decode
d
by
V
it
erb
i
Algorithm
.
Mult
iplexin
g
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
ap
pl
ie
d
in
the
s
econd
sce
na
rio.
In
t
he
m
ulti
plexed
te
ch
nique
,
the
m
od
ulate
d
data
is
conve
rted
into
ti
m
e
d
om
ai
n
and
sen
d
it
to
channel
as
a
fr
am
es.
To
av
oid
the
e
f
f
ect
of
the
inter
-
sym
bo
l
inter
fer
e
nce
of
the
cha
nn
el
a
portio
n
of
e
ncode
d
data
is
ad
de
d
befor
e
the
eac
h
f
ram
e.
This
process
is
ref
er
red
as
Cy
cl
ic
Pr
efix
(CP
).
The
le
ngth
of
the
CP
is
vari
ed
at
three
dif
fer
e
nt
le
vel
as
5%,
15%
an
d
25%
with
res
pect
to
the
m
od
ulate
d
data.
For
exa
m
ple,
if
the
no
of
bits
in
a
sin
gle
fr
am
e
is
20
,
the
n
CP
le
ng
t
h
as
1,
3
a
nd
5
bits.
Table
2
t
o
5
s
hows
t
he
MSE
of
t
he
N
OF1
channel
us
in
g
conv
olu
ti
on
c
ode
an
d
Mult
iplexin
g
te
chn
i
qu
e
.
Ta
ble
2
show
s
the
MSE
of
t
he
N
OF1
cha
nnel
usi
ng
c
onv
olu
ti
on
c
ode.
T
he
data
is
encode
d
us
i
ng
six
diff
e
re
nt
ge
ner
at
or
po
ly
nom
ials
and
de
cod
e
d
usi
ng
V
it
erb
i
al
gorith
m
.
It
is
ob
ser
ve
d
that
the
MSE
valu
e
is
decr
ea
ses
with
le
ss
po
l
ynom
ia
l
co
m
plexity
.
The
ef
f
ect
s
of
va
riat
ion
of
CP
le
ngth
i
n
m
ul
ti
plexing
t
echn
i
qu
e
is
st
udie
d
a
nd
su
m
m
arized
from
Table
3
t
o
5.
I
n
this
sce
nar
i
o,
increase
in
C
P
value
resu
lt
s
with
m
or
e
MSE. I
t
is
con
cl
ud
e
d
that
to
ob
ta
in
the bet
te
r
MSE,
the
ANN
net
work
is
app
li
ed
al
on
g
with
m
ul
ti
plexing techn
i
qu
e
w
it
h l
ess CP
value
.
Table
1
.
E
nvir
on
m
e
ntal co
ndit
ion
of t
he
c
ha
nn
el
s
in wat
er
m
ark
to
olbo
x
Na
m
e
NOF1
NCS1
BC
H1
KAU1
KAU2
Env
iron
m
en
t
Fjo
rd
Sh
elf
Harbo
r
Sh
elf
Sh
elf
Ti
m
e
of
Year
Ju
n
e
Ju
n
e
May
Ju
ly
Ju
ly
Ran
g
e
7
5
0
m
5
4
0
m
8
0
0
m
1
0
8
0
m
3
1
6
0
m
W
ate
r
Dep
th
1
0
m
8
0
m
2
0
m
1
0
0
m
1
0
0
m
Tr
an
s
m
itt
e
r
Dep
lo
y
m
en
t
Bo
tto
m
Bo
tto
m
Su
sp
en
d
ed
Towed
Towed
Receiv
er
Dep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
Bo
tto
m
Bo
tto
m
Su
sp
en
d
ed
Su
sp
en
d
ed
Su
sp
en
d
ed
Prob
e Sign
al ty
p
e
LFM
Tr
a
in
Pseu
d
o
-
n
o
ise
Pseu
d
o
-
n
o
ise
LFM
Tr
a
in
LFM
Tr
a
in
Frequ
en
cy
Ban
d
10
–
1
8
kHz
10
–
1
8
kHz
3
2
.5
–
3
7
.5 k
Hz
4
–
8
kHz
4
–
8
kHz
Do
p
p
ler
co
v
erage
7
.8 Hz
3
1
.4 Hz
5
9
.4 Hz
7
.8 Hz
3
2
.9 Hz
Ty
p
e
SISO
SISO
SIM
O
SIM
O
SIM
O
Table
2
.
MS
E
of cha
nnel
u
si
ng c
onvoluti
on
cod
e
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
Sig
n
al Str
en
g
th
in d
B
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
(1, 3)
0
.52
6
0
.52
6
0
.52
6
0
.52
6
0
.51
2
0
.45
6
0
.29
8
0
.14
0
0
.07
0
0
(1, 5)
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.39
2
0
.21
5
0
.12
5
0
.03
5
0
.01
7
0
(10
,
1
1
)
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.45
6
0
.36
8
0
.18
4
0
0
0
(1, 2, 3)
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.45
4
0
.42
1
0
.21
0
0
.01
0
0
.00
1
0
(1, 4, 5)
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.44
3
0
.31
0
0
.19
3
0
0
0
(10
,
1
1
,
1
4
)
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.52
0
0
.52
0
0
.43
0
0
.19
3
0
.08
7
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
29
44
-
2950
2948
Table
3.
MS
E
of cha
nnel
u
si
ng m
ulti
plexing
te
chn
iq
ue wit
h 5 %
cyc
li
c p
r
e
fix
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
Eb/No
Valu
e
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
(1, 3)
0
.52
6
0
.50
9
0
.50
1
0
.49
1
0
.42
0
0
.33
3
0
.19
3
0
0
0
(1, 5)
0
.47
4
0
.43
9
0
.42
1
0
.40
3
0
.38
6
0
.35
1
0
.03
5
0
0
0
(10
,
1
1
)
0
.54
4
0
.49
1
0
.43
8
0
.42
1
0
.38
6
0
.23
0
0
.08
8
0
.01
7
0
0
(1, 2, 3)
0
.59
6
0
.57
9
0
.52
0
0
.50
0
0
.35
1
0
.12
3
0
.01
7
0
0
0
(1, 4, 5)
0
.52
6
0
.54
4
0
.52
6
0
.52
6
0
.36
0
0
.01
7
0
0
0
0
(10
,
1
1
,
1
4
)
0
.49
1
0
.47
4
0
.47
4
0
.47
4
0
.31
6
0
0
0
0
0
Table
4.
MS
E
of cha
nnel
u
si
ng m
ulti
plexing
te
chn
iq
ue wit
h 1
5
%
cyc
li
c p
r
efix
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
Eb/No
Valu
e
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
(1, 3)
0
.50
8
0
.50
9
0
.49
1
0
.46
5
0
.40
5
0
.28
1
0
.15
8
0
.03
5
0
0
(1, 5)
0
.50
8
0
.49
1
0
.47
4
0
.4
74
0
.43
9
0
.25
4
0
.05
2
0
.01
7
0
.01
7
0
(10
,
1
1
)
0
.49
1
0
.49
1
0
.47
4
0
.45
6
0
.41
0
0
.31
6
0
.22
8
0
.05
3
0
.01
7
0
.01
7
(1, 2, 3)
0
.49
1
0
.49
1
0
.49
1
0
.47
3
0
.47
4
0
.42
1
0
.22
8
0
.05
3
0
.05
3
0
.05
3
(1, 4, 5)
0
.49
1
0
.47
4
0
.47
4
0
.45
6
0
.40
0
0
.32
0
0
.03
5
0
.03
5
0
0
(10
,
1
1
,
1
4
)
0
.5
79
0
.55
0
0
.54
4
0
.52
0
0
.52
0
0
.29
8
0
.08
8
0
.01
7
0
.01
7
0
Table
5.
MS
E
of cha
nnel
u
si
ng m
ulti
plexing
te
chn
iq
ue wit
h 2
5
%
cyc
li
c p
r
efix
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
Eb/No
Valu
e
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
(1, 3)
0
.47
4
0
.45
6
0
.43
8
0
.43
5
0
.42
1
0
.33
3
0
.19
3
0
0
0
(1, 5)
0
.47
4
0
.43
8
0
.42
1
0
.42
1
0
.40
3
0
.35
1
0
.03
5
0
0
0
(10
,
1
1
)
0
.54
6
0
.49
1
0
.43
8
0
.42
1
0
.38
6
0
.21
5
0
.08
7
0
.01
7
0
0
(1, 2, 3)
0
.52
6
0
.50
8
0
.49
1
0
.49
1
0
.45
6
0
.21
0
0
.15
8
0
.14
0
0
.10
5
0
.08
8
(1, 4, 5)
0
.56
1
0
.54
4
0
.54
4
0
.49
1
0
.25
0
0
.15
0
0
.08
8
0
.08
8
0
.08
8
0
.08
8
(10
,
1
1
,
14)
0
.56
1
0
.52
3
0
.52
3
0
.50
8
0
.26
3
0
.12
3
0
.12
3
0
.07
0
0
.07
0
0
.06
0
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
ge
ne
rated
EEG
wa
ve
for
m
s
is
retrieved
bac
k
s
ucces
sfu
ll
y
us
in
g
A
NN
in
unde
rwat
er
channel
.
It
is
c
on
cl
ud
e
d
from
the
re
su
l
t
that
the
A
N
N
pe
rfor
m
s
well
and
giv
es
le
ast
er
ror
rate
as
th
e
it
erati
on
le
ve
l
an
d
nu
m
ber
of
hidden
la
ye
rs
i
nc
reases.
T
he
propose
d
al
gorit
hm
is
validat
e
d
us
i
ng
water
m
ark
too
l
box.
It
is
ob
s
er
ved
t
hat
the
for
sta
nda
rd
al
go
rithm
s
li
ke
conv
olu
ti
on
a
nd
M
ulti
pl
exing
te
c
hn
i
ques,
e
nergy
le
vel
in
the
order
of
40
dB
is
re
quired
.
F
or
m
ulti
plexing
te
c
hniq
ues,
as
the
le
ngth
of
the
C
P
inc
r
eases,
e
rror
rat
e
al
so
increases
.
It
is
evode
nt
that
m
axim
u
m
of
5%
CP
ca
n
be
m
ai
ntained
to
at
ta
in
the
le
ast
M
SE.
Re
sea
rc
he
r
ca
n
adopt
the
A
N
N
te
ch
nique
al
ong
with
th
e
m
ult
iplexing
an
d
anal
ysi
s
the
pe
rfo
rm
a
nce
of
t
he
A
NN
i
n
unde
rw
at
er
ch
a
nn
el
.
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i
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MTS/IEE
E
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p
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g
IS
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20
88
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708
Perf
orma
nce
analysis
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bio
-
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l
processi
ng in
oce
an
E
nv
ironme
nt
us
i
ng …
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y
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io
nal
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m
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at
io
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”
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Tra
nsform
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y
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”
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er
nati
onal
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of
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e
ct
rica
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e
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OF
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unic
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cha
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IE
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at
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cle
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a
ti
ons,”
I
n
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edded Ne
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sor
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e
t
a
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a
ti
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ire
l
ess
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m
unic
at
ion
s
Te
chno
log
y
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”
In
Proce
ed
ings
of
the
ACM
SIGCO
MM
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n
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unic
ati
ons
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a
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th
e
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[26]
Kim
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E
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“
Adapt
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M
AC
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ng
Queue
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ula
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BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
N.
R.
Krish
n
am
oo
r
thy
,
h
e
gra
duat
ed
fro
m
Jerusal
em
C
oll
eg
e
of
Engi
nee
ring
,
Chenn
ai
,
aff
iliated
to
Mad
ras
Univer
sit
y
in
2004
with
Bac
h
el
or’s
Degre
e
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng.
Later
he
compl
et
e
d
his
M.E
degr
ee
in
E
lectr
oni
c
s
and
Control
f
rom
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Instit
ute
of
Sc
ience
and
T
ec
hno
l
og
y
,
Chenn
ai
in
2007.
He
has
j
oine
d
as
Lectu
r
e
r
in
Sa
th
y
aba
ma
Instit
ute
o
f
Science
and
Techno
log
y
in
2008.
H
is
passion
towar
ds
te
ac
h
ing
m
ade
as
As
socia
t
e
profe
ss
or
in
the
depa
r
tment
o
f
El
e
ct
roni
cs
a
nd
Instrum
ent
ation
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Instit
ute
of
Sc
ience
and
Te
chno
log
y
,
Chenn
ai
.
He
play
ed
vi
tal
role
i
n
th
e
sath
y
ab
amasat
nano
-
sate
llit
e
project
as
the
pa
y
lo
ad
subs
y
stem
inc
har
ge.
He
a
cqui
red
a
te
a
chi
ng
exp
eri
en
ce
of
m
ore
tha
n
13
y
e
ars.
His
are
as
of
intere
st
in
cl
ude
si
gnal
proc
essing,
wire
le
ss
comm
unic
a
ti
on,
codi
n
g
te
chn
ique
s
and
i
nte
gra
te
d
c
irc
ui
t
s.
He
at
t
ende
d
var
ious
works
hop
s
conduc
te
d
b
y
the
industrials.
He
guide
d
seve
ral
student
proj
ec
ts
and
he
m
ade
rese
arc
h
pub
li
c
at
ions
in
divers
e
Journals
and
Confer
ences.
H
e
is a life
m
ember
of
Indi
an
Soc
ie
t
y
of
T
ec
hn
ic
a
l E
duca
t
ion. (ISTE
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
29
44
-
2950
2950
Imman
uel
R
aj
k
um
ar
,
h
e
gra
duated
from
Karun
y
a
Inst
itute
of
Technol
og
y
,
Coim
bat
or
e
aff
iliated
to
Mad
ras
Univer
sit
y
in
2002
with
El
e
ctronics
and
Ins
tru
m
ent
at
ion
Engi
n
ee
ring
.
L
at
er
h
e
complet
ed
h
is
post
gra
duation
degr
ee
in
Elec
tr
onic
s
&
Contro
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
f
r
om
Sath
y
ab
ama
Univer
sit
y
,
Ch
enna
i
in
2004
.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
doing
his
rese
ar
ch
in
Facult
y
o
f
El
ectroni
cs
&
Control
Eng
ine
e
ring
at
Sa
th
y
ab
ama
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Scie
nc
e
&
Tec
hnolog
y
,
Chenn
ai
.
His
Are
a
of
int
er
est
inc
lud
es
is
Agent
base
d
Te
chnol
og
y
,
In
dustria
l
Instrum
ent
a
ti
on,
Re
al
tim
e
Embedde
d
s
y
stems
,
Proce
ss
Control.
Jerry
Alex
ander
,
h
e
gra
du
a
te
d
from
Noor
ul
Islam
Coll
e
ge
of
Engi
neer
ing
aff
iliate
d
to
Manonm
ani
amSunda
ran
ar
Univ
ersity
in
1999
with
Bac
hel
o
r’s
Degre
e
in
El
ectrical
an
d
El
e
ct
roni
csEnginee
ring
.
Later
he
complet
ed
h
is
M.E
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Control
from
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Inst
it
ute
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
Chennai
in
200
4
.
He
h
as
jo
ine
d
as
L
ec
tur
er
in
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Ins
ti
tute
o
f
Sci
ence
and
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
in
2004
and
.
At
th
e
cur
ren
t
outset
h
e
is
an
As
sistant
P
rofe
ss
or
in
the
d
e
par
tment
of
Elec
tron
ic
s
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
a
t
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Inst
it
ute of
Sci
ence and
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
Chenna
i
.
He
ha
s t
he
t
ea
chi
ng
ex
per
ie
n
ce
of
m
ore
tha
n
14½
y
e
ars
and
about
2½
y
e
ars
in
Industr
y
.
His
are
as
of
int
e
rest
inc
lud
e
signal
proc
essing
an
d
industri
al
aut
o
m
at
ion
.
He
a
tte
nded
var
ious
w
orkshops
&
conf
ere
nc
es
cond
uct
ed
b
y
r
eput
e
d
orga
nizati
ons.H
e
m
ade
r
ese
ar
ch
publi
c
a
ti
ons
in
J
ourna
ls
and
Con
fer
ences.He
is
a
li
f
e
m
ember
of
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
As
socia
ti
on
of
EN
Ginee
rs.
Mar
sh
iana
D
.
,
complet
ed
her
Ph.D.
at
Sath
y
aba
m
a
Univer
sit
y
.
Her
ar
ea
s
of
int
ere
st
in
cl
ud
e
Proce
ss
cont
rol,
cont
roll
er
desi
gn
and
soft
co
m
puti
ng
te
chni
q
ue
s
with
15
Pu
bli
c
at
ions.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
workin
g
as
As
sistant
Profess
or
and
hav
ing
teac
hing
exp
eri
en
ce
of
13
y
e
ars.
Her
ar
ea
s
of
int
er
est
include
cont
rol
s
y
s
te
m
and
proc
ess
c
ontrol
,
Soft
co
m
puti
ng
te
chn
i
ques
and
cont
r
ol
al
gorit
hm
s
.
Sh
e
at
t
ende
d
var
io
us
work
shops
conduc
te
d
b
y
th
e
industrials.
Sh
e
guid
ed
seve
r
al
student
pro
je
c
ts
and
s
he
m
ad
e
r
e
sea
rch
pub
licatio
ns i
n
div
erse
Jou
rna
ls a
nd
Confer
enc
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.