Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
,
No.
6
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
8
, pp.
5118
~
51
26
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
5118
-
51
26
5118
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Real
-
t
im
e Hea
rt Pul
se
M
onitorin
g Techni
qu
e
U
sin
g Wir
eless
Senso
r Netwo
rk
and M
ob
ile Appli
ca
ti
on
Nabeel
S
alih
Ali
1
,
Z
aid A
b
di Alk
aream
Alyasseri
2
,
Abdul
hussein
Ab
dulmoh
son
3
1
ITRDC
Center,
Univer
sit
y
of
Ku
fa,
Ira
q
2
Facul
t
y
of Engi
nee
ring
,
Univ
ersity
of
Kufa, Ira
q
3
Facul
t
y
of Educ
at
ion
,
Univ
ersity of
Kufa
,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
9
,
2018
Re
vised
Me
i
2
8
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
1
6
, 2
01
8
W
ire
le
ss
Sensor
Networks
(W
SNs)
for
hea
l
thc
ar
e
have
emerg
ed
in
the
r
ec
en
t
y
e
ars.
W
ir
el
ess
t
ec
hnolog
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
eve
lop
ed
a
nd
used
widely
f
or
diffe
r
ent
m
edi
ca
l
fields.
Thi
s
technolog
y
provide
s
he
alt
hca
re
services
f
or
pat
i
ent
s,
espe
cially
who
suffer
from
c
hronic
disea
ses
.
Servic
es
such
as
ca
te
r
ing
cont
inuous
m
ed
ic
a
l
m
onit
oring
and
get
r
id
of
disturba
nc
e
c
a
used
b
y
the
sensor
of
instru
m
ent
s.
Sensors
are
conne
c
te
d
t
o
a
pa
tient
b
y
wire
s
and
bec
om
e
bed
-
bou
nd
tha
t
le
ss
fro
m
the
m
obil
ity
of
the
p
atient.
I
n
thi
s
pap
er
,
propose
d
a
real
-
ti
m
e
he
art
pu
lse
m
onit
oring
s
y
stem
via
c
onduct
ed
an
el
e
ct
roni
c
c
irc
u
i
t
ar
chi
t
ec
tur
e
to
m
ea
sure
Hea
r
t
Puls
e
(HP
)
for
pat
i
ent
s
an
d
display
hea
r
t
pul
se
m
ea
suring
via sm
art
phone
and
computer
over
t
he
net
work
in
real
-
ti
m
e
set
t
ings.
In
HP
m
ea
suring
appl
ic
a
tion
standpoi
nt
,
u
sing
sensor
te
chno
log
y
to
o
bserve
hea
rt
pul
se
b
y
bringi
ng
t
he
finge
rprin
t
to
the
sensor
via
used
Arduin
o
m
ic
roc
ontrolle
r
with
Et
h
ern
et
s
hie
ld
to
connect
hea
rt
pu
lse
ci
rcu
it
to
th
e
i
nte
rne
t
and
sen
d
result
s
to
the
web
serve
r
an
d
rec
e
ive
it
an
y
wh
ere.
Th
e
proposed
s
y
ste
m
pro
vide
d
th
e
us
abi
lit
y
b
y
th
e
user
(user
-
frie
ndl
y
)
not
o
nl
y
b
y
the
spe
ci
a
li
st
.
A
lso
,
it
offe
red
spee
d
andr
esult
s
ac
cur
acy
,
the
highe
st
avail
ability
with
th
e
u
ser
on
an
ongoing
basis,
and
few
cost.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Ardu
i
no
Bod
y
S
ens
or Ne
twork
Syste
m
s
Healt
hcar
e
Hear
t
Pu
lse
Re
al
-
Ti
m
e
Sm
artph
one
W
i
reless
Senso
r
N
et
w
ork
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nab
eel
Sali
h A
li
,
Inform
at
ion
Te
chnolo
gy Rese
arch
an
d De
velop
m
ent Center
(
I
TRDC)
,
Un
i
ver
sit
y o
f Kufa,
Kufa S
t
reet, M
ai
n
Ca
m
pu
s, U
niv
e
rsity
o
f
Ku
fa, Na
j
af
G
ov
e
rnor
at
e,
Iraq
.
Em
a
il
:
Nab
eel
@uo
kufa.e
du.iq
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
global
el
de
rly
popula
ti
on
is
gro
wing,
a
nd
the
ge
ner
al
popula
ti
on
is
ag
ing
,
there
f
or
e,
m
on
it
or
ing
syst
e
m
s f
or
ho
sp
it
al
h
eal
th
car
e are
necessa
ry to conti
nual
ly
m
on
it
or
and tr
ack th
e
physi
ol
og
ic
al
par
am
eter
s
of
the
patie
nt
[
1
-
3].
Mo
dern
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
hav
e
been
presente
d
via
wireless
te
chnolo
gies
to
bri
ng
f
ort
h
e
xciti
ng
po
s
sibil
it
ie
s
in
the
m
edical
m
ark
et
s
[4
]
-
[
5]
.
Wh
il
st,
sev
eral
portable
dev
ic
es
a
re
pr
oduce
d
to
pe
r
form
m
on
it
or
ing
a
nd
tracki
ng
ta
s
ks
to
the
ph
ysi
ol
og
ic
al
par
am
et
ers
for
the
pat
ie
nt.
These
m
a
te
rial
s
include
hear
t
rate
m
on
it
or
s,
pu
lse
ox
m
et
er
s,
an
d
bl
ood
pressure
[
6
]
-
[
8].
Addit
ion
al
ly
,
t
he
patie
nt
ca
n
be
at
ta
che
d
to
these
instru
m
ents
vi
a
wire
d
an
d
be
com
e
bed
-
bound
in
m
ov
ing
seq
uen
ti
al
ly
As
well
as
dis
crete
co
ntinuo
us
ly
can
app
ea
r
in the m
on
it
or
ing
de
vices v
ia
they hav
e to
be
disc
onnected a
nd
t
hen
re
co
nnect
ed
la
te
r
[9
]
-
[
10]
. To
da
y,
wireless
te
ch
nolo
gy
has
bee
n
el
i
m
inate
d
al
l
of
the
tim
e
-
co
nsum
ing
j
obs
as
well
;
the
patie
nts
coul
d
be
ind
e
pende
nt
of instr
um
entat
ion
a
nd b
e
d [
11
]
-
[
13]
.
W
i
reless
Se
nsor
Net
wor
k
(
WSN)
is
one
of
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
directi
on
in
inf
or
m
at
ion
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
an
d
te
ch
nolo
gy
(
IC
T)
researc
h
a
r
eas
that
dev
el
op
e
d
on
var
i
ous
te
c
hnologie
s
su
c
h
a
s
se
nsor
te
ch
no
l
og
y,
m
ic
ro
-
el
ect
ro
m
echan
ic
al
te
chn
olog
y
and
wireles
s
com
m
un
ic
ation
te
ch
no
l
ogy
[1
4
]
-
[
16]
.
Con
se
quently
,
sever
al
wireless
syst
e
m
s
hav
e
bee
n
rap
i
dly
increas
ing
pri
m
arily
fo
r
m
edical
app
li
cat
ion
s
i
n
t
he
recent
ye
a
r
s
[
17
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
R
eal
-
t
ime
He
art
Pu
lse
M
onit
or
in
g
T
ech
niqu
e u
si
ng Wirel
ess S
e
nsor Net
w
or
k
and Mo
bile
…
(
Nab
eel
S
.
A
.
)
5119
W
it
h
usi
ng Bo
dy Senso
r
Net
work (BS
N)
sy
stem
s,
the li
fe q
ualit
y for
people h
as
bee
n
im
pr
ov
e
d
via
prov
i
di
ng
diff
e
re
nt
healt
hcar
e
ser
vices
su
c
h
as
m
edical
m
on
it
or
i
ng,
m
e
m
or
y
enhancem
ent,
and
m
edical
data
acce
ss
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
with
th
e
he
al
thcare
pro
vid
er
in
em
erg
e
ncy
sit
uatio
ns
thr
ough
t
he
Shor
t
Me
ssa
ge
Ser
vice
(S
MS)
or
Ge
ne
ral
Pac
ke
t
Ra
dio
Ser
vices
(
GP
RS
)
[18
]
-
[
20]
.
Healt
hcar
e
ser
vices
ca
n
be
benefit
ed
f
or
the
patie
nt
an
d
th
ei
r
fam
i
li
es
by
pr
ovi
ding
a
rem
otely
gai
n
an
d
m
on
it
or
ph
ysi
ol
ogic
al
sign
al
s
without
the
necessit
y o
f
int
errup
ti
on t
he h
eal
thy l
ife of
pa
ti
ent [
21]
.
Sm
art
healt
hcar
e
possibly
vision
is
produce
d
by
se
ver
al
s
tud
ie
s
i
n
al
l
c
om
pu
te
r,
netw
orkin
g
a
nd
m
edical
care
dom
ai
ns
.
Re
sear
cher
s
hav
e
inc
r
easi
n
gly
becom
e
interest
ed
in
im
pr
ovin
g
te
chn
ic
al
s
olu
ti
ons
t
hat
address
pro
blem
s
in
healt
hca
re
delive
ry
[
22]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
accuratel
y
pre
dicti
ng
th
e
f
utu
re
of
a
ny
hea
lt
hcar
e
do
m
ai
n
is
a
c
om
plica
te
d
ta
sk
.
He
nce,
delivery
of
healt
hc
are
se
rv
ic
es
to
m
e
m
ber
s
of
the
gl
o
bal
a
gi
ng
popula
ti
on
poses
sign
i
ficant
chall
eng
e
s.
More
ov
e
r,
del
ivery
of
these
serv
ic
es
is
a
ff
ect
ed
by
di
f
fer
e
nt
sit
uations
t
hat
require c
os
t c
ut
ti
ng
for healt
hc
are se
rv
ic
es
[
23
]
.
Am
inian
et
al
,
2013,
pro
pose
d
healt
h
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
e
m
t
o
m
on
it
or
t
he
patie
nt
physi
ca
l
par
am
et
ers
for
pr
e
gna
nt
wo
m
an
par
am
eter
s
m
a
inly
;
These
par
am
et
ers
are
blo
od
pre
ssu
re
a
nd
heart
rate
of
the
w
om
an
and
hea
rt
rate
and
m
ov
em
ent
s
of
fetal
by
t
he
wireless
se
nsor
net
work
;
I
n
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
yst
e
m
,
sent
dat
a
with
sh
ort
ra
ng
e
of
fr
e
qu
e
n
cy
by
us
in
g
relay
and
wireless
re
la
y
with
m
ini
m
u
m
ener
gy
c
on
s
um
ption
pr
ov
i
de
qu
al
it
y
w
hilst
,
this
syst
e
m
has
so
m
e
pr
obl
e
m
s,
on
e
of
these
iss
ues
th
e
co
ordinato
r
node
t
hat
w
orks
wit
h
batte
ry
w
hile
the
patie
nt
for
go
t
t
o
rec
harg
e
the
batte
ry
that
causes
da
ng
e
r
ou
s
f
or
t
he
patie
nt
li
fe
[24].
Likewise,
Gon
zál
ez
et
a
l
(2
014)
,
co
nducte
d
a
new
al
te
rn
at
ive
to
m
easur
e
hear
t
rate
and
body
tem
per
at
ur
e
f
or
patie
nt
care
i
n
real
-
ti
m
e
se
tt
ing
s
via
c
om
bin
ed
bet
we
en
Wireless
S
ens
or
Netw
or
k
(
WSN)
a
nd
Mo
bil
e
Augm
ented
R
eal
it
y
(M
AR)
;
The
disc
us
se
d
wor
k
ca
n
be
exte
nd
e
d
t
o
i
nvolv
e
s
om
e
i
m
pr
ov
em
ents
su
c
h
a
s
database
im
ple
m
entat
ion
with
the clo
ud a
nd
m
or
e
m
anu
fact
ur
i
ng sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
for
se
nso
rs
[
25]
.
As
al
ongs
i
de,
Triantafyl
li
dis
(2014
)
,
pro
po
s
ed
a
sm
artphon
e
healt
hc
are
syst
e
m
t
o
m
e
asur
e
ph
ysi
ologica
l
par
am
et
ers
of
the
patie
nt
by
us
in
g
porta
ble
/weara
ble
sens
or
s
a
nd
m
on
it
or
the
c
onditi
on
of
a
patie
nt
an
d
co
nf
i
gured
m
on
it
or
in
g
pla
ns
f
or
the
healt
h
prof
e
ssio
nals
in
an
in
div
id
ua
li
zed
m
ann
er
[2
6]
.
Alm
adan
i
et
a
l
(2
01
5)
,
co
nduc
te
d
an
E
-
Am
b
ulance
f
ram
ewo
r
k
of
sm
art
h
eal
th
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
em
of
patie
nts
for
the
rem
ote
prof
e
ssio
nal
m
edical
m
od
el
;
The
prese
nted
m
et
ho
d
pr
ov
i
de
d
a
par
am
edic
sta
ff
with
auto
m
at
ic
respo
ns
es
to
w
arn
i
ng
s
a
nd
s
ugge
sti
on
s
insi
de
an
a
m
bu
la
nc
e.
But,
it
la
cks
to
us
e
div
e
rse
m
edical
syst
e
m
s
ov
er
diff
e
re
nt
wirel
ess
te
chnolo
gi
es
li
ke
ZigBee
,
W
I
-
Fi,
a
nd
B
luetoot
h
te
ch
nolo
gies
[27].
On
the
oth
e
r
ha
nds,
a
real
-
ti
m
e
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
em
for
va
rio
us
he
al
th
par
am
et
e
rs
of
a
patie
nt
was
i
m
ple
m
ented
by
Ma
hgou
b
and Khal
ifa
(2015
).
The
m
ea
su
red
par
am
et
ers
include
te
m
per
at
ur
e
an
d
O
xyge
n
that
are
cal
culat
ed
and
tra
nsm
itted
by
a
com
pu
te
r
base
d
on
a
rem
ote
cl
ie
nt
;
Ther
e
a
re
s
om
e
lim
i
ta
t
ion
s
of
their
re
su
lt
s
su
c
h
a
s
a
ff
ect
in
g
no
ise
wh
ic
h
ob
ta
ine
d
from
sens
or
s
,
pe
rm
a
nen
t
dam
age
to
the
Lig
ht
Em
it
t
ing
Diode
(L
ED)
sen
sors,
a
nd
there
is
a
li
tt
le
bit
com
plica
te
d
wh
en
cal
c
ulati
ng
the
Sp
O
2
[
28]
.
As
well
,
a
ne
w
m
od
el
was
pro
posed
by
Tam
ur
a
et
a
l.
(2
015)
,
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
te
am
-
base
d
healt
hca
re
f
or
te
sti
ng
a
nd
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
physi
ol
og
ic
al
par
am
et
ers
of
patie
nts
w
hi
ch
can
be
us
e
d
as
a
reh
a
bili
ta
ti
on
trai
ning
syst
em
.
The
pro
po
se
d
m
et
ho
d
incl
ud
e
d
a
highly
eff
ic
ie
nt
data
base,
unobtr
us
ive
m
on
it
ori
ng,
a
nd
interve
ntio
ns
by
healt
h
pro
fes
sion
al
s
;
Wh
il
st,
the
syst
em
re
qu
i
red
m
or
e
te
sti
ng
in
a
ho
m
e
-
ba
sed
healt
hc
are
env
ir
onm
e
nt
[29].
A
kshay
and
Kr
is
hna
(
2016)
,
desi
gned
an
d
prese
nt
ed
a
healt
hcar
e
im
pr
ovem
ent
syste
m
wh
ic
h
ca
n
be
us
ed
to
prov
i
ding
higher
qu
al
it
y
healt
hc
are
ser
vices
i
n
th
e
popula
ti
on
of
Rural
I
nd
ia
.
The
propose
d
syst
e
m
can
be
easi
ly
carr
ie
d
an
d
ra
pid
l
y
m
easur
em
en
t
with
i
m
ple
m
ented
al
gorithm
s
;
W
hi
lst
,
the
syst
e
m
require
d
hel
ping
a
doct
or
to det
ect
abnor
m
al
act
ivit
y
and
to
kee
p
trackin
g of t
ho
se p
a
rtic
ular pe
rson/
patie
nt [3
0].
In
this
pa
pe
r,
desig
n
a
syst
em
app
li
cat
ion
for
m
easur
ing
hear
t
pulse
f
or
the
patie
nt
an
d
dis
play
ing
the
hea
rt
pu
lse
via
a
sm
artphon
e
an
d
com
pu
te
r
over
the
netw
ork
i
n
rea
l
tim
e
env
iro
nm
ent.
The
pr
opose
d
syst
e
m
us
ing
a
hea
rt
pulse
sens
or
,
Ardu
i
no
Uno
m
ic
ro
c
on
t
ro
ll
er,
Ethe
rn
et
s
hie
ld
f
or
rem
ote
healt
hcare
m
on
it
or
ing
for
the
patie
nts.
T
he
syst
em
include
s
seve
ral
ste
ps
s
uch
as
se
ns
in
g
an
d
re
ad
ing
ci
rc
uit,
pro
cessi
ng
and
tra
nsfer
rin
g
sig
nals, and
f
inall
y con
necti
ng
to
the
netw
ork
to prese
nt the r
es
ults. Addi
ti
on
al
ly
, th
e sens
in
g
read
i
n
g
will
be
pr
e
sente
d
via
com
pu
te
r
a
nd
sm
artph
on
e
-
ba
sed
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns.
T
he
re
st
of
t
he
pap
e
r
str
uct
ur
e
as
fo
ll
ows:
Sect
i
on
2
highli
ghts
the
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
of
t
he
pro
pose
d
syst
em
that
con
ta
i
ns
:
m
at
erial
s
an
d
m
et
hods
descr
i
ption,
im
ple
m
entat
ion
ste
ps
.
Ex
plain
sys
tem
te
stin
g
as
well
the
resu
lt
s
of
the
pr
op
os
e
d
syst
e
m
and
discuss
i
ons
in
Sect
ion
3.
Sect
ion
4
pr
ese
nts
a
com
par
ison
of
the
hea
rt
rate
m
on
it
or
in
g
s
yst
e
m
s
that
hav
e
bee
n
done
in
healt
hc
are
ser
vices
a
nd
a
ppli
cat
ions
co
ncernin
g
s
yst
e
m
per
form
ance
a
nd
res
ults.
Be
sides,
t
he
la
st
sect
ion
offers c
on
cl
us
io
ns
a
nd
futur
e
d
i
recti
ons
wh
ic
h
is
Se
ct
ion
5.
2.
METHO
DOL
OGY OF
TH
E PRO
POSI
N
G R
E
AL
-
TI
M
E SYS
TE
M
This
sect
io
n
presents
a
nd
de
scribes
t
he
m
e
thods
of
t
he
pro
posed
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
e
m
t
hat
inclu
de
syst
e
m
arch
it
ect
ur
e
def
i
n
es i
n
Sect
io
n 2.1,
s
yst
e
m
i
m
ple
m
e
ntati
on
vis
ualiz
es in
Sect
ion 2
.
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5118
-
512
6
5120
2.1.
Sy
s
tem
Arc
hitecture
This
sect
io
n
pr
esents
the
el
ect
ronic
ci
rcu
it
de
sign
that
incl
udes
s
of
twa
re
a
nd
hard
war
e
re
qu
i
rem
ents
as
well
as
m
eth
ods
of
the
propose
d
syst
em
m
on
it
or
i
ng.
T
he
syst
em
aims
to
m
easur
e
a
nd
a
naly
ze
the
Hear
t
Pu
lse
(
HP)
of
patie
nts.
T
he
resu
lt
s
are
st
or
e
d
in
a
c
om
pu
te
r
-
base
d
app
li
cat
io
n
w
hich
ca
n
be
a
ccesse
d
rem
otely
as w
el
l as via sm
artph
one a
ppli
cat
ion
base
d.
Hardwa
re
a
nd
so
ft
war
e
c
om
po
ne
nts
ar
e
re
quired
to
im
ple
m
e
nt
the
el
ect
r
onic
ci
rcu
it
.
T
he
se
el
e
m
ents
wer
e
sel
ect
ed
based
on
dif
fer
e
nt
crit
eria
nam
e
ly
low
cost,
avail
abili
ty
,
and
ease
of
pr
ogram
m
i
ng.
Th
e
hard
war
e
c
ompone
nts
nee
de
d
f
or
th
e
i
m
plem
entat
ion
su
c
h
as
Ardu
i
no
U
NO
boar
d,
am
plifie
r
(LM
368),
filt
er
LBF,
Ethe
rn
et
sh
ie
ld
V6,
se
ns
ors
(I
R
Em
i
tt
er)
,
an
d
Sam
su
ng
Galaxy
s
Duos
S
7562.
Also
,
t
he
re
quire
d
so
ft
war
e
c
om
po
ne
nts
are
Ardu
i
no
pro
gr
am
V1
.
6.0
,
p
ro
c
essing
pro
gr
a
m
(V
3.0.1)
,
Androi
d
V
1.6.0,
a
nd
Androi
d
stu
dio. Fig
ure
1 pr
es
ents the
b
l
ock
diag
ram
o
f
the
pro
po
se
d
m
on
i
toring
syst
em
.
Figure
1
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
f
or
t
he pr
opos
e
d sy
stem
arch
it
ect
ure
2.2.
Sy
s
tem
I
mple
ment
at
i
on
The
fl
ow
of
bl
ood
recorde
d
a
nd
m
easur
e
d
by
the
num
ber
of
pulse
s
in
one
m
inu
te
w
her
e
as
hear
t
rate
or
hear
t
pulse
m
us
t
be
m
easur
ed
acc
ur
at
el
y
du
e
to
t
he
i
m
po
rta
nce
of
m
ea
su
ri
ng
the
acc
urat
e
hear
t
rate
sh
oul
d
no
t
be
ig
nore
d
[31].
I
n
this
pa
per,
a
hy
br
i
d
s
chem
e
between
wi
reless
sen
s
or
netw
ork
(
WSN
)
an
d
sm
artpho
ne
app
li
cat
io
n
f
or
hear
t
pulse
m
on
it
ori
ng
is
pro
pose
d.
The
m
ai
n
pur
pose
of
the
pro
pose
d
syst
e
m
is
to
m
on
it
or
and
c
hec
k
the
sta
tus
of
t
he
patie
nt
in
re
al
-
tim
e
env
iro
nm
ent
and
re
port
the
res
ult
via
com
pu
te
r
-
base
d
app
li
cat
io
n
an
d
sm
artph
one
-
base
d
ap
plica
ti
on
.
Fig
ur
e
2
sh
ows
t
he
im
plem
entat
ion
ste
ps
of
the
propose
d
syst
e
m
wh
ere
it
involves
thr
ee
st
ages
that
are
descr
i
bing
in
the
ne
xt
s
ubsect
io
ns
res
pe
ct
ively
(2
.
2.1,
2.2.2
,
2.2.3)
.
Figure
2
.
Im
ple
m
entat
ion
ste
ps
for
t
he pr
opos
e
d
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
em
In
t
his
fir
st
sta
ge
(
sensi
ng
ci
r
cuit
sta
ge)
the
hear
t
pu
lse
wil
l
be
detect
e
d
by
us
in
g
the
bl
ood
racin
g
thr
ough
veins
.
The
n,
th
e
hea
rt
pu
lse
will
pro
cess
via
a
m
plifyi
ng
an
d
filt
ering
to
be
m
or
e
su
it
able
for
the
nex
t
ste
p.
I
n
the
se
cond
sta
ge
(f
il
te
ring
a
nd
m
app
i
ng
sta
ge),
the
hea
rtbeat
s
ign
al
w
hich
is
received
fro
m
the
pr
e
vious
sta
ge
will
be
filt
ered
again
to
ens
ur
e
that
it
is
fr
e
e
of
noise
.
A
fte
r
that,
it
will
b
e
m
app
ing
t
o
ut
il
ize
sm
artph
on
e
s
a
nd
c
om
pu
te
r
de
vices.
T
he
la
s
t
sta
ge
(n
et
wor
k
co
nnect
ing)
i
s
connecti
ng
a
nd
disp
la
y
the
resu
lt
s
of the
hear
t
pul
se v
ia
sm
artphon
e
or c
om
pu
te
r devices
c
ons
ecuti
vely
.
Sens
i
ng
Am
plifyi
ng
Fil
te
ring
Stage
On
e
Sens
i
ng Ci
rcu
i
t
Ma
pp
i
ng
Fil
te
ring
Re
cei
ved
Data
Stage T
w
o
Fil
te
ring
& Ma
pp
i
ng
Com
pu
te
r
-
Ba
sed
Ether
net
Sh
ie
ld
Sm
artph
one
-
Ba
sed
Stage T
hr
ee
Netw
ork
C
onne
ct
ing
Pati
ent
Sens
i
ng and
Re
adin
g
Ardu
i
no UN
O +
Ether
net S
hield
Results
Com
pu
te
r
Ba
sed
Sm
artph
one
Ba
sed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
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om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
R
eal
-
t
ime
He
art
Pu
lse
M
onit
or
in
g
T
ech
niqu
e u
si
ng Wirel
ess S
e
nsor Net
w
or
k
and Mo
bile
…
(
Nab
eel
S
.
A
.
)
5121
2.2.1. St
age
O
ne (
S
ensin
g
Circui
t
S
tage
)
In
hea
rt
pulse
m
easur
ing
(s
ensin
g)
sta
ndpoint,
t
he
syst
e
m
us
ing
se
ns
or
te
ch
nolo
gy
to
detect
the
blood
r
aci
ng
th
rou
gh
vei
ns
vi
a
identify
ing
t
he
hea
rt
pu
lse
of
a
patie
nt
an
d
co
un
ts
the
pu
lse
s
fo
r
on
e
m
i
nu
te
to
get
the
be
at
s
per
m
inu
te
.
T
he
se
ns
in
g
pr
oc
ess
is
done
by
br
in
ging
the
patie
nt'
s
fingerprint
to
t
he
sens
or
(em
i
tt
ers
and
detect
or
s
for
inf
rar
e
d)
wh
ic
h
is
included
two
ste
ps
that
are
(I
R
Em
i
tt
e
r)
em
i
tt
ing
and
sens
or
diodes
t
o
dete
ct
an
d
m
easure
the
pulse
tha
t
passes
li
ght
f
ro
m
on
e
side
of
the
fin
ge
r
a
s
well
m
easur
i
ng
the
intensit
y
of
the
passed
li
ght
from
the
oth
er
s
ide
via
us
in
g
a
n
IR
detect
or
s
ee
Figure
3
(
A
)
.
Als
o,
the
se
cond
process
i
n
the
sensing
ci
rc
uit
sta
ge
has
us
e
d
a
n
am
plifie
r
(LM3
86)
t
o
a
m
pl
ify
ing
the
pu
lse
t
hat
m
ea
su
re
d
i
n
the
p
re
vi
ou
s
procedu
re.
Wh
e
r
e,
the
recei
ved
sign
al
am
plifi
ed
en
ough
to
be
detect
able
by
the
m
ic
ro
co
nt
ro
ll
er
inputs
see
Fi
gure
3
(B)
.
Whereas
the
t
hir
d
process
in
th
e
first
sta
ge
is
done
via
us
in
g
filt
ers
(LPF)
.
This
process
usi
ng
two
sta
ge
s
with
low
pass
filt
er
s
that
re
m
ov
ed
so
m
e
un
wa
nte
d
sign
al
s
,
wh
ic
h
el
i
m
inati
ng
so
m
e
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
to
su
pp
ress
inter
f
erin
g
sig
na
ls
and
reduce
bac
kgr
ound
noise
see
Figure
3
(
C)
.
Fig
ur
e
3
inclu
de
three
par
ts
whi
ch
a
re (A, B
, a
nd C) t
o pr
ese
nt
all
steps a
nd
processes
of t
he
sen
si
ng ci
rc
ui
t st
age
.
(A)
Sens
i
ng P
ro
ces
s
(B) Am
plifyi
ng
P
rocess
(C
)
Fil
te
rin
g Proce
ss
Figure
3
.
Pro
c
esses of t
he
se
ns
in
g
ci
rc
uit st
age
2.2.2. St
age T
w
o
(Filteri
n
g and M
appi
ng
St
age
)
In
this
sta
ge
,
Ardu
i
no
m
ic
rocon
t
ro
ll
er
is
a
platfo
rm
that
perform
s
sign
al
pr
oces
sin
g
re
cei
ved
f
r
om
the
sensing
sig
nal
process
in
sta
ge
one.
A
r
duin
o
receive
d
an
anal
og
sig
na
l
fr
om
the
port
(A0)
a
nd
filt
ered
it
from
any
no
ise
that
m
a
y
distur
b
the
inf
orm
ation
via
im
ple
m
ents
a
dig
it
al
low
pass
RLC
ty
pe
of
filt
er.
Also
,
m
app
in
g
th
e
da
ta
an
d p
r
ogra
m
m
ed
it
to
sup
ply a hea
rt ra
te
on th
e
d
e
sired
GUI
view
see s
ta
ge
tw
o
in
Fig
ur
e
2
.
2.2.3. St
age T
hree (
Net
w
or
k Con
nectin
g Stage
)
In
the
thi
rd
st
age,
a
n
Ard
uin
o
bo
a
r
d
co
nnect
ing
to
the
i
nter
n
et
by
us
i
ng
Et
hernet
shi
el
d
based
on
W
iz
net
(
W51
00
)
Et
hernet
chi
p
via
se
nd
i
ng
a
data
ov
e
r
the
netw
ork
to
a
com
pu
te
r
-
base
d
ap
plica
ti
on
a
s
well
sm
artph
on
e
-
ba
sed
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
recei
ve
d
sign
al
s
a
nd
dis
play
ed.
The
re
are
tw
o
platf
orm
s
us
ed
to
pre
sent
the
HP
v
al
ues
su
c
h
as
com
pute
r
-
ba
sed
a
nd
sm
artph
on
e
-
ba
sed
ap
plica
ti
ons.
From
co
m
pu
te
r
en
d,
proc
essing
so
ft
war
e
is
us
e
d
as
a
G
raphic
al
User
I
nterf
a
ce
(GU
I)
t
o
di
sp
la
y
the
r
esul
t
after
set
I
P
a
ddress
of
the
bro
wse
r
wh
ic
h
it
de
pe
nds
on
the
val
ue
s
of
ti
m
e
and
a
m
plit
ud
e
wit
h
two
dim
ensio
ns
(X
-
axis
an
d
Y
-
a
xis).
Wh
il
st,
the
resu
lt
viewe
d
in
a
sm
artph
one
app
li
cat
ion
by
us
ing
A
ndr
oi
d
A
pp
li
cat
ion
t
hat
pro
gr
am
m
e
d
by
A
ndro
i
d
Stud
i
o
so
ft
war
e
in
Ja
va
langua
ge.
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
As
f
or
m
entione
d
in
the
previ
ou
s
sect
io
n,
t
h
e
pr
im
ary
pu
rpose
of
this
syst
e
m
is
transf
e
rr
i
ng
the h
eart
pu
lse
in
the
re
al
-
tim
e
by
us
ing
IR
em
it
te
r
se
ns
or,
IR
detect
or
se
nsor
the
n
sen
ds
the
hea
rt
pu
lse
via
Ethe
rn
e
t
sh
ie
ld.
T
he
res
ult
has
been
s
how
n
in
t
he
A
ndr
oid
a
nd
com
pu
te
r
ap
plica
ti
on
s
.
F
or
te
sti
ng
the
perform
a
nce
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
yst
e
m
,
the
hea
r
t
pu
lse
of 10 persons
with
di
f
fer
e
nt
(a
ge,
ge
nd
e
r,
an
d
sta
tu
s)
a
re r
eco
rd
e
d.
Ta
ble
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5118
-
512
6
5122
1
s
hows
the
e
xp
ect
e
d
res
ults
of
the
pr
opose
d
syst
em
b
res
pect
to
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
hear
t
pu
lse
w
hich
ta
ke
n
from
[32]
.
Fi
gure
4
sh
ows
the act
ua
l resu
lt
s
of ten
p
e
rsons
te
sti
ng
with
diff
e
re
nt
(
age
, gen
der,
and stat
us).
Table
1.
E
xpec
te
d
Re
su
lt
s
of the P
r
opos
e
d
S
yst
e
m
Testi
ng
No
.
Gen
d
er
Ag
e
Stan
d
ard [
3
2
]
1
Male
25
95
-
162
2
Male
23
95
-
162
3
Fe
m
ale
23
95
-
162
4
Male
25
95
-
162
5
Fe
m
ale
51
85
-
145
6
Male
14
60
-
100
7
Male
5
75
-
115
8
Fe
m
ale
70
75
-
128
9
Male
62
78
-
132
10
Male
24
95
-
162
Figure
4
.
T
he
a
ct
ual r
es
ults o
f t
en
pe
rs
ons tes
ti
ng
with
differ
ent (
a
ge, ge
nde
r,
a
nd stat
us)
The
physi
olog
ic
al
par
am
et
ers
of
the
hum
a
n
body
are
us
ually
aff
ect
e
d
by
seve
ral
f
act
or
s
,
s
uch
as
exer
ci
se,
body
po
sit
ion
(for
i
ns
ta
nce
,
the
body
posit
io
n
f
or
a
short
w
hi
le
after
sta
nd
i
ng
up
qu
ic
kly),
body
tem
per
at
ur
e
,
a
nd
em
otion
s
(
su
c
h
as
an
xiety
and
ar
ous
al
)
.
T
he
e
xperim
ent
car
ries
out
with
a
c
ommerci
al
dev
ic
e,
a
nd
a
ccordin
gly,
w
e
pr
ese
nted
a
n
evaluati
on
m
et
ho
d
base
d
on
sig
nal
qual
it
y
and
anal
yz
ed
and
tracke
d
the p
er
form
ance o
f
the p
rop
os
e
d
syst
e
m
in
m
easur
ing
a
nd
m
on
it
ori
ng
the physiol
og
ic
al
p
a
ram
eter
s of
the
patie
nts
in
real
-
ti
m
e
set
ti
n
gs
(see
Fig
ure
4).
As
we
can
com
par
ed
between
T
able
1
and
Fig
ur
e
4
,
t
he
H
P
value
rec
orde
d
by
the
produc
ed
syst
e
m
is
lower
tha
n
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
HP
a
nd
this
sta
nd
ar
d
value
is
base
d
on
th
e
sit
uation
of
th
e
patie
nt.
Als
o,
the
co
ndu
ct
e
d
syst
em
rep
ort
ed
res
ults
th
at
al
l
l
ie
within
the
sta
nda
rd
values
[32].
The
pr
es
ented
healt
hca
re
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
was
evaluated
us
i
ng
t
he
res
ults
ob
ta
ined
f
ro
m
10
pe
rsons
with
dif
fer
e
nt
ages,
ge
nder
,
and
sit
uatio
ns
(see
Ta
ble
1).
A
dd
it
io
nally
,
t
he
disc
c
us
ed
syst
em
m
easur
e
d
a
patie
nt’s
physi
ologica
l
pa
ram
et
ers,
nam
ely,
HP
.
The
res
ult
s
sho
wed
that
t
he
pro
po
se
d
sy
stem
has
pote
nt
ia
l
to
be
im
ple
m
ente
d
as
a
decisi
on
su
pp
or
t sy
ste
m
in
the
h
eal
t
hca
re f
ie
ld
f
or futu
re r
e
searc
h
.
4.
COMP
AR
I
S
ON
OF
TH
E
PREVI
O
US
HE
A
RT
RA
TE
M
ONI
TO
RI
NG
SY
STE
MS
IN
HEALT
H
CARE SE
RV
I
CE
S AN
D APPL
ICA
TI
ONS
Seve
ral
ef
forts
ha
ve
bee
n
m
ade
by
re
searc
he
rs
on
proposi
ng
a
nd
de
velo
ping
m
on
it
or
i
ng
healt
hcare
syst
e
m
s
based
on
se
nsor
te
c
hnol
og
y
to
pr
e
s
ent
su
sta
ina
ble
m
edical
interv
entions
co
ncernin
g
dif
f
e
ren
t
m
et
ric
s
su
c
h
as
pure
,
low
e
nergy
co
ns
um
ption
a
nd
real
-
tim
e
feed
bac
k.
T
hese
syst
e
m
s
hav
e
been
i
ntrod
uce
d
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
the
qual
it
y
of
healt
h
ser
vices
an
d
to
reduce
the
total
cost
of
healt
hcar
e
[33
]
.
Table
2
pre
sents
a
com
par
at
ive
analy
sis
of
pr
e
vious
stu
dies
and
t
he
pro
po
sed
syst
em
in
hear
t
rate
m
on
it
ori
ng
syst
e
m
s
fo
r
schem
es
and
m
et
ho
ds,
hear
t
rate
par
am
et
e
rs,
real
-
ti
m
e
or
rem
ote
m
on
it
or
in
g
c
onditi
ons
,
an
d
highli
gh
ts
to
their m
ai
n
fin
di
ng
s
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Act
u
al
HP
94
96
97
93
89
76
114
105
79
80
Ag
e
25
23
23
25
51
14
5
70
62
24
25
23
23
25
51
14
5
70
62
24
94
96
97
93
89
76
114
105
79
80
0
50
100
150
200
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
R
eal
-
t
ime
He
art
Pu
lse
M
onit
or
in
g
T
ech
niqu
e u
si
ng Wirel
ess S
e
nsor Net
w
or
k
and Mo
bile
…
(
Nab
eel
S
.
A
.
)
5123
Table
2.
C
om
par
iso
n of t
he Pr
evio
us
Stu
dies
for Heart R
at
e
Mon
it
ori
ng Sy
stem
s
Res
earc
h
Year
Metho
d
and
Sch
e
m
e
Hear
Ra
te
Para
m
eters
Mon
ito
ring
Co
n
d
itio
n
s
Main Fin
d
in
g
s
No
r
m
al
Oth
ers
Real
-
Ti
m
e
Re
m
o
te
[
2
7
]
2015
s
m
art
a
m
b
u
lan
ce
syste
m
m
o
d
el
Presen
ted
E
-
A
m
b
u
lan
ce
m
o
d
el
b
y
p
rov
id
i
n
g
p
ara
m
ed
ic
staf
f
with
au
to
m
atic
r
esp
o
n
ses
to
warnin
g
s
an
d
su
g
g
estio
n
s
in
sid
e
an
a
m
b
u
lan
c
e
[
2
7
].
[
3
1
]
2015
S
m
artph
o
n
e and
W
ea
rable
Sen
so
rs
S
m
artph
o
n
e
an
d
W
ea
rable
Sen
so
rs
are
u
sed
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
a
real
-
ti
m
e
h
ealth
care
m
o
n
it
o
ring
syste
m
f
o
r
re
m
o
te
cardiac
p
atien
ts
in
h
ealth
c
are
se
rvices
[
3
1
].
[
3
0
]
2016
Bio
sen
so
rs and
Ardu
in
o
b
o
ard
The
real
-
ti
m
e
b
io
-
sig
n
al
Acq
u
isition
Sy
ste
m
h
ad
sev
eral
ad
v
an
tag
es
su
ch
as
is
easier
for
carr
ied
at
re
m
o
te
lo
catio
n
s
an
d
acqu
iring
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
ical
p
ara
m
et
ers
o
f
th
e
p
atien
ts
as
wel
l
as
it
q
u
ick
ly
an
d
rapid
ly
with
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
alg
o
rith
m
s
[
3
0
].
[
3
3
]
2016
GSM,
GPS
,
Ardu
in
o
,
an
d
W
eb
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
Intro
d
u
ced
a
rea
l
-
ti
m
e
h
e
alth
care
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
to
i
m
p
rov
e
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
redu
ce
th
e
co
st
o
f
h
ealth
serv
ices.
The
ef
f
icien
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
are
capab
le
o
f
tack
,
tra
ce,
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
p
o
sitio
n
i
n
g
th
e
p
atien
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
lo
catio
n
s
b
y
u
sin
g
GSM,
GPS,
an
d
Ardu
in
o
&
web
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
3
3
].
[
3
4
]
2016
Ca
m
er
a
-
b
ased
m
e
th
o
d
A
h
eart
rat
e
v
ariab
ility
s
y
ste
m
is
p
rop
o
sed
,
an
d
it
was
redu
ced
ab
so
lu
te
err
o
rs
o
f
H
RV
m
et
rics.
The
p
rop
o
sed
p
lan
is
co
m
f
o
rtable
an
d
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
f
o
r
re
m
o
te
h
ealt
h
care
m
o
n
ito
ring
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
3
4
].
[
3
5
]
2016
W
ire
less
p
ressu
re
sen
so
r
Discu
ss
ed
h
ealth
care
an
d
cri
tical
care
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
b
y
u
sin
g
a
wir
eless
p
ressu
r
e
sen
so
r
to
m
o
n
ito
r
h
eart
rat
e
sen
sitiv
ely
.
The
sen
so
r
h
as
m
a
n
y
b
en
ef
its
lik
e
sp
eed
with
o
u
t
d
elay
an
d
d
isto
rtion
[
3
5
].
[
3
6
]
2016
Hilb
ert
trans
f
o
r
m
in
Seis
m
cardio
g
ra
m
s
(SCG)
Prop
o
sed
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
o
id
en
ti
fy
b
eat
o
f
h
eartbeat
d
etectin
g
ti
m
in
g
s
b
y
u
sin
g
Hilb
ert
ad
ap
tiv
e in SCG [
3
6
].
[
3
7
]
2016
Internet o
f
Thin
g
s
The
au
th
o
rs
u
sed
th
e
co
n
cept
o
f
Internet
o
f
Thin
g
s
(I
o
T)
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
lif
elin
e
t
o
p
eo
p
le
v
ia
d
eliv
ering
re
m
o
te
ly
accessin
g
th
e
d
ata
f
rom
sen
so
rs [
3
7
].
[
2
3
]
2017
Sen
so
r,
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
Wi
-
Fi
Measu
ring
an
d
m
o
n
ito
ring
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
ical
p
ara
m
et
ers
o
f
th
e
p
at
ien
ts
in
real
-
ti
m
e
settin
g
s
[
2
3
].
[
3
8
]
2017
Co
lo
r
f
acial
v
id
eo
Presen
ted
a
real
-
t
i
m
e
syste
m
to
m
easu
re
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
HR
b
ase
d
o
n
LAB
co
lo
r
f
acial
v
id
eo
sp
ace
u
sin
g
a
web
ca
m
e
ra
[
3
8
].
Prop
o
sed
2018
Real
-
Ti
m
e
HP
Mon
ito
ring
Sy
ste
m
The
p
rop
o
sed
syste
m
p
rov
id
ed
th
e
p
o
ss
ib
ility
o
f
ease
o
f
u
se
b
y
th
e
u
ser
(us
er
-
f
riend
ly
)
an
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
y
th
e
sp
ecia
list
also
o
f
f
ered
speed
an
d
th
e
accurac
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
as
well
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
av
ailab
ility
with
th
e
u
ser
o
n
an
o
n
g
o
in
g
b
asis
,
an
d
f
ew cost
.
Most
pr
e
vious
stud
ie
s
that
m
easur
ed
th
e
hear
t
rate
of
pa
ti
ents
in
a
real
-
tim
e
env
iro
nm
ent
su
ch
as
[23],
[
27
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
[3
1],
[33
]
,
[
35
]
,
[
36]
,
an
d
[
38
]
.
Wh
il
st,
two
stu
dies
are
m
easur
ed
HR
rem
otely
by
[
34]
an
d
[3
7
].
On
the
oth
e
r
ha
nds,
reg
a
r
ding
hear
t
rate
pa
ram
et
ers.
There
are
wireless
,
wire
d,
Bl
uet
oo
th,
inte
rn
et
-
base
d,
a
nd
we
bcam
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
S
eve
n
pr
e
vious
stu
dies
co
nducte
d
a
hea
rt
rate
i
n
t
he
norm
al
conditi
on
li
ke
[
23
]
,
[27
]
,
[3
0],
[33
],
[3
5],
[
37]
,
a
nd
[
38
]
.
Wh
e
rea
s,
the
work
s
[
3
1],
[
3
4
]
,
a
nd
[
3
6
]
a
re
pres
ented
in
sever
al
hea
rt r
a
te
p
aram
et
ers
su
ch
as
hear
t
be
at
tim
ing
s a
nd
inter
-
beat tim
e intervals i
n
SC
G by [
3
6
]
, hea
r
t rate
var
ia
bili
ty
b
y [
3
4
]
,
Nor
m
al
H
R, Bra
dycard
ia
H
R,
an
d
Tac
hy
card
ia
HR b
y
[
31
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5118
-
512
6
5124
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
NS
A
ND FUT
UR
E
DI
REC
TIONS
Mon
it
ori
ng
sy
stem
s
fo
r
hospi
ta
l
healt
hcar
e
are
neces
sary
t
o
co
ntin
ue
m
on
it
or
i
ng
a
nd
tr
ackin
g
the
ph
ysi
ologica
l
par
am
et
ers
for
the
patie
nt.
Advan
ce
d
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
ha
ve
bee
n
pr
e
s
ented
via
wi
r
el
es
s
te
chnolo
gies
to
br
i
ng
forth
e
xc
it
ing
possibil
i
ti
es
in
the
m
ed
i
cal
m
ark
et
.
Tod
ay
,
wireless
te
chnolo
gy
has
bee
n
el
i
m
inate
d
al
l
of
t
he
t
im
e
-
consum
ing
jobs
as
well
as,
t
he
pa
ti
ents
co
uld
be
li
ber
at
ed
from
instru
m
entat
ion
a
nd
bed.
I
n
this
pa
per,
desi
gn
a
s
yst
e
m
fo
r
m
ea
su
ri
ng
hear
t
pulse
of
a
patie
nt
an
d
dis
play
ing
it
in
a
sm
artphon
e
and
c
om
pu
te
r ov
e
r
the
netw
ork
in
real
-
ti
m
e
set
ti
ng
s.
T
he p
r
esente
d
m
et
ho
d
pro
vi
ded
t
he po
s
sibil
it
y of
e
ase of
us
e
by
th
e
us
er
an
d
not
only
by
the
s
pecial
ist
al
so
offe
red
s
peed
a
nd
the
a
ccur
acy
of
the
resu
lt
s
a
s
well
as
the
highest
avail
ab
il
ity
with
the
use
r
on
a
n
ongo
ing
basis,
a
nd
f
ew
cost.
From
the
pe
rsp
ect
ive
of
f
ut
ur
e
work,
w
e
intend
to
devel
op
t
he
co
nd
ucted
syst
em
to
enc
om
pass
two
directi
on
s,
first
directi
on
is
to
im
pr
ov
e
th
e
pro
po
se
d
syst
em
to
m
easur
e h
eart rate, tem
per
at
ur
e,
Ox
y
ge
n
in the
bloo
d and
breat
hi
ng.
Th
e seco
nd
directi
on
ta
rg
et
is
to
e
nh
ance
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
perf
or
m
s
trackin
g
to
the
patie
nt
physi
ologica
l
pa
ram
et
er
by
a
doct
or
via
sen
ding
al
arm
or
no
ti
ficat
ion
.
I
n
ad
diti
on
to,
se
nd
an
al
ert
to
a
near
by
cl
inica
l
ho
m
e
via
GP
S
for
a
n
e
m
erg
ency sit
ua
ti
on
.
REFERE
NCE
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him
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al,
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ift
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izy
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ss
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uan
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Mo
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at
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ple
t
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-
CBC)
Anal
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stem
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red
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ernati
onal
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e
ct
rica
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Inform
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ic
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s
y
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te
m
s
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ote
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ca
re
f
or
chr
onic
illnes
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a
li
te
r
at
ur
e
re
vie
w
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rican
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Towa
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ubiqui
tous
mobi
li
t
y
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ions
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or
net
works
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hea
l
thc
ar
e
”
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I
EEE
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unic
at
io
ns Magazine
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12
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y
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08
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lopoul
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A
survey
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rab
le
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-
base
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y
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te
m
s
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hea
lt
h
m
onit
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nd
prognosis
”
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IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
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Syste
ms
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Ma
n,
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erne
t
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2.
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him
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ari
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ka
ria
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N,
Othm
an
N.
“
Non
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cont
act
Hea
r
t
Ra
te
M
onit
oring
Ana
l
ysis
from
Vari
ous
Distanc
es
with
diffe
ren
t
Face
R
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ons
”
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Int
ernati
onal
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f
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ectric
al
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bi
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m
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ana
l
y
s
is
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computer
-
rel
a
te
d
pat
i
ent
safe
t
y
in
ci
den
ts
to
infor
m
the
dev
el
opm
ent
of
a
cl
assifi
ca
t
i
on
”
.
Jou
rnal
of
t
he
Ame
ri
can
Me
dic
al
In
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010
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Ding
X,
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“
Anal
ysis
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t
y
pi
c
al
lo
ca
l
izati
on
a
lgori
thms
for
wire
le
ss
sensor
netw
orks
”
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Wireless
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twork
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bi
F,
Aar
t
s
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Nohr
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o
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Talm
on
J,
Sitt
ig
DF
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Coie
ra
E.
“
A
co
m
par
at
ive
r
eview
of
pat
ie
nt
saf
ety
initiative
s
fo
r
nat
iona
l
he
alt
h
informati
on
te
chnol
og
y
”
.
Int
ernati
onal
jour
nal
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al
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orm
ati
cs
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3
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48.
[16]
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ib
HD
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Ali
N
S,
Al
Fara
wn
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Al
-
Sadawi
B,
Alsharqi
H.
“
Att
enda
nc
e
and
Inform
at
ion
S
y
ste
m
u
sing
RF
ID
and
W
eb
-
Based
Applicati
on
for
A
ca
demic
Sect
o
r
”
.
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
A
dvanc
ed
Computer
Sc
ie
nc
e
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nd
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ic
a
ti
ons
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[17]
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ang
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W
ang
P.
“
Un
der
standi
ng
sec
urity
failu
res
of
two
-
fac
tor
aut
hentication
sche
m
es
for
rea
l
-
ti
m
e
appl
i
ca
t
ion
s
in
hi
era
r
chi
c
al wire
l
ess sensor networks
”
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Hoc
Net
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ao
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lt
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InTr
ansdiscipl
inary
con
fer
enc
e
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heal
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e
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t J
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om
p
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N:
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8708
R
eal
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t
ime
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art
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lse
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onit
or
in
g
T
ech
niqu
e u
si
ng Wirel
ess S
e
nsor Net
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chno
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ch
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ses?
Eva
lu
at
ion
of
a
drug
m
onit
oring
sy
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em
for
ambulat
or
y
chr
on
ic
disea
se
patien
ts
”
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Inte
rnationa
l
j
ournal
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orm
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iha
rto
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nant
o
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ia
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y
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y
stem
of
t
ie
r
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ult
iva
ri
at
e
anal
y
sis
and
art
if
icia
l
neur
a
l
ne
twork
for
cor
ona
r
y
he
art
d
isea
se
dia
g
nosis
”
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Int
ernational
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tri
cal
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i
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ties
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l
le
nges
”
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d
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W
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g
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ce
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lt
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HO
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art
m
ult
i
-
le
ve
l
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i
ent
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ss
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Wi
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20
14
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I
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r
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t
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ero
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edi
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l
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el
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er
t
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In
Comp
uti
ng,
Control
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Net
work
ing
,
El
e
ct
ronics
and
E
mbedde
d
Syste
m
s
Engi
nee
ring
(
ICCNEE
E)
,
2015
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
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5
Sep
7
(pp. 357
-
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I
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E
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[29]
Ta
m
ura
T,
Sek
i
ne
M,
Ta
ng
Z,
Yos
hida
M,
Ta
k
euc
hi
Y,
Im
ai
M.
“
Preli
m
ina
r
y
stud
y
of
a
n
ew
hom
e
hea
lt
h
ca
r
e
m
onit
oring
to
pre
vent
th
e
re
cur
r
enc
e
of
stroke
”
.
In
Engi
nee
ring
in
Me
dicine
an
d
Bi
ology
So
ci
e
t
y
(
EMB
C)
,
2015
37th
Annua
l
Int
e
rnational
Conf
ere
nce of the IEEE
2015
Aug 25
(p
p.
5489
-
5492)
.
I
EE
E
.
[30]
Aks
ha
y
N,
Kris
hna
GV
.
“
Design
&
implement
a
ti
on
of
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
bio
-
signal
ac
qu
isit
ion
s
y
s
te
m
f
or
qual
i
t
y
he
al
t
h
ca
re
services
for
the
popu
la
t
ion
of
rura
l
Ind
ia
”
.
In
Rece
nt
Tr
end
s
in
Elec
troni
cs,
Information
&
Comm
unic
ati
on
Technol
ogy
(
RTEICT)
,
IEE
E
Int
ernati
onal
Confer
enc
e
on
2016
Ma
y
20
(pp
.
131
5
-
1319).
I
EE
E
.
[31]
Kakri
a
P,
T
ripat
hi
NK
,
Kiti
paw
ang
P.
“
A
rea
l
-
t
ime
hea
l
th
m
onit
oring
s
y
st
em
for
remote
c
ard
iac
pat
i
ent
s
using
sm
art
phone
and
wea
rab
l
e
sensors
”
.
In
te
rnat
ional
j
ournal
of te
l
eme
dic
in
e
and
applicati
ons
.
2015
Ja
n
1;2015:
8
.
[32]
Medic
a
l
news
today
,
Markus
Mac
Gill
and
D
r
Hele
n
W
ebberle
y
.
(2015
,
Se
pte
m
ber
10),
R
et
ri
eve
d
From
htt
p://ww
w.m
edi
ca
ln
ewstoda
y
.
co
m
/a
rti
c
le
s/23571
0.
php
?
pag
e=
2
.
[33]
Aziz
K,
T
ara
p
i
ah
S,
Ism
ai
l
SH
,
Atal
l
a
S.
“
Sm
art
rea
l
-
ti
m
e
hea
l
thc
ar
e
m
oni
tori
ng
and
t
rac
k
ing
s
y
s
te
m
usin
g
GS
M/G
PS
te
chnol
ogie
s
”
.
In
Bi
g
Data
and
Sma
rt
Cit
y
(
ICBDSC)
,
2016
3rd ME
C
I
nte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
2016
Mar
15
(pp
.
1
-
7)
.
IE
EE.
[34]
Huang
RY,
Du
ng
LR.
“
Mea
surem
ent
of
hea
rt
rat
e
var
ia
bi
li
t
y
using
off
-
the
-
shelf
sm
art
phones
”
.
Bi
om
edi
c
a
l
engi
ne
ering
onl
i
ne.
2016
Jan;
15
(1):
11.
[35]
Shin
KY
,
Le
e
JS
,
Jang
J.
“
Hi
ghl
y
sensi
ti
ve
,
wea
rab
l
e
and
w
ire
l
ess
pre
ss
ure
sensor
using
fre
e
-
stand
ing
Zn
O
nanone
ed
le
/PV
DF
h
y
brid
thi
n
fi
lm for
he
art
rate m
onit
oring
”
.
Na
no
Ene
rgy
.
2016
Apr 1;
22:95
-
10
4.
[36]
Ta
di
MJ
,
Le
hto
nen
E,
Hurnane
n
T,
Kos
kine
n
J,
Eri
kss
on
J,
P
änkä
ä
lä
M,
Te
r
äs
M,
Koivisto
T.
“
A
rea
l
-
ti
m
e
appr
oac
h
for
h
e
art
ra
te
m
onit
ori
ng
using
a
Hilb
ert
tr
ansform
in
seism
oca
rdiogram
s
”
.
Phy
siologi
cal
measur
eme
n
t
.
2016
Sep
28;
37
(11):
1885.
[37]
Raj
put
DS
,
Gour
R.
“
An
IoT
fra
m
ewor
k
for
hea
lt
h
ca
re
m
onit
or
ing
s
y
stems
”
.
In
te
rnational
Journal
of
Compute
r
Sci
en
ce and
Info
rm
ati
on
Sec
uri
ty
.
2016
Ma
y
1;
1
4(5):
451.
[38]
Ferna
ndes
SL,
Gurupur
VP
,
Sunder
NR,
Arunkum
ar
N,
Kadr
y
S
.
“
A
novel
nonin
tr
usive
de
ci
sion
s
upport
appr
o
ac
h
for
heart
r
ate
m
e
a
surem
ent
”
.
Pa
ttern R
e
cogni
t
ion L
et
te
rs
.
2017
Jul
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5118
-
512
6
5126
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Nabe
el
Sali
h
Ali
rec
e
ive
d
hi
s
BS
c
.
degr
ee
in
computer
scie
nc
e
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Te
chno
log
y
(Uo
T),
Baghda
d
,
Ira
q,
and
the
MS
c
.
degr
ee
in
Com
pute
r
Scie
n
ce
(Int
ern
et
working
Te
chno
log
y
)
fro
m
the
Univer
sit
y
Te
chn
ical
Ma
l
a
y
si
a
Mel
aka
(UTe
M),
Ma
lay
sia
,
in
Jul
y
2015
.
He
has
bee
n
working
in
Inform
at
ion
Te
chno
l
og
y
Research
a
nd
Deve
lopment
Cent
re
,
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Kufa
from
2007
as
a
m
ember
i
n
addi
t
ion,
as
a
L
ec
tur
er
at
t
he
Depa
r
tment
ofEl
e
ct
roni
cs
an
d
comm
unic
at
io
ns
(ECE
)
,
Facult
y
of
Eng
ine
er
i
ng.
His
rese
arc
h
work
in
we
b
appl
i
ca
t
ions
sec
urity
t
ec
hniqu
es
to
improve
the
sec
urity
and
sur
viva
bilit
y
of
co
m
pute
r
s
y
stems
.
In
addi
t
ion
to
,
W
ire
le
ss
Sensor
Network
(W
SN
),
healthcare
m
o
nit
oring
s
y
st
ems
,
Inte
rne
t
of
Thi
ngs (IoT
)
,
p
a
ss
word e
ncr
y
p
tion,
andSoftw
are
Defi
ned
N
et
wor
k
(SD
N).
Za
id
Abdi
Alkar
ee
m
Al
y
asseri
:
(
b.
1985
Naja
f/Ir
aq)
gra
dua
te
d
with
a
BS
c
in
co
m
pute
r
scie
nc
e
from
Bab
y
lon
Univer
sit
y
in
2
007
and
re
ce
iv
ed
MS
c
in
co
m
put
er
scie
nc
e
from
Univer
si
t
y
Scie
nc
e
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
(US
M)
in
201
3.
Th
e
aut
hor
works
as
an
As
st.
L
ec
tur
er
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
ing
Dept.
a
t
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Kufa
-
I
raq
.
He
has
expe
rie
n
ce
for
10
y
e
ars
in
softwa
re
developm
ent
and
s
y
st
em
a
naly
s
is
a
lso
he
has
goodexpe
r
ie
nc
e
in
m
a
n
y
progra
m
m
ing
language
s
and
da
t
aba
se.
Authors
'
r
ese
arc
h
in
te
rests
are
computer
vi
sion
and
image
proc
essing,
computer
gr
aphics pr
oce
ss
ing,
pr
ogra
m
m
ing,
and
par
a
ll
el c
om
puti
ng
.
Abdulhuss
ei
n
A
bdulmohs
on,
he
was
born
in
Al
-
Naja
f,
Ir
aq
in
1979.
He
obta
ined
the
B.
Te
ch
.
Degre
e
in
Com
pute
r
Eng
ineeri
ng
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Technol
og
y
,
Baghda
d,
Ira
q
,
2
002.
M.T
ec
h
.
Degre
e
in
computer
sci
enc
e
a
nd
engi
ne
eri
ng
from
Osmania
Univer
sit
y
,
H
y
der
aba
d
,
Indi
a
H
y
der
aba
d
,
Indi
a.
He
is
a
l
ectur
e
r
in
the
Fa
cul
t
y
of
educ
ation
at
the
Univer
sit
y
o
f
Kufa,
Naja
f
,
Ira
q
wher
e
h
e
ha
s be
en a
f
ac
u
lty
m
ember
since
2
015.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.