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p
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SS
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Intera
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a
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tes and
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bile s
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ff
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tes:
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in
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m
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a
s
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a
s th
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sa
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T
h
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y
p
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ll
s
th
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c
o
n
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e
p
t
o
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IT
in
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tes
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th
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IT
sp
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t
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ter
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rise
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iza
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sa
v
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s
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a
lso
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c
t
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th
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m
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d
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m
e
th
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o
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g
y
.
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ey
w
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d
s
:
B
ig
d
ata
s
y
s
te
m
s
I
T
in
v
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t
m
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n
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I
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in
v
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m
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n
t p
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tf
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lio
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s
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v
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Mo
b
ile
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f
f
ice
p
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f
o
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m
a
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T
h
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p
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n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
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r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
L
ee
J
o
n
g
tae
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
B
u
s
i
n
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s
A
d
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
Seo
u
l W
o
m
en
’
s
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
#
6
2
1
,
H
w
ar
an
g
-
r
o
,
No
w
o
n
-
g
u
,
Seo
u
l,
0
1
7
9
7
,
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Ko
r
ea
E
m
ail:
li
g
t
h
4
u
@
s
w
u
.
ac
.
k
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
m
o
n
u
m
en
ta
l
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
a
ch
an
g
e
th
at
m
a
y
b
e
in
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
il
e
o
f
f
ice
a
n
d
b
y
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
is
ch
a
n
g
e
is
m
ai
n
l
y
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
b
ile
w
ir
eles
s
g
ad
g
et
s
,
as
well
as
to
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata,
ar
ti
f
icia
l
in
te
lli
g
en
ce
,
a
n
d
d
ata
m
in
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
,
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
en
r
ic
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
a
y
u
s
er
s
co
m
m
u
n
icate
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
w
e
b
,
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
li
m
itat
io
n
s
u
p
to
lev
els
n
o
t
ab
le
to
b
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
r
ea
c
h
ed
w
i
th
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices [
4
-
8
]
.
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ices,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
iP
h
o
n
e
an
d
t
h
e
iP
ad
,
g
av
e
r
is
e
t
o
a
s
ec
o
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ic
e
[
9
]
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
o
f
f
er
s
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
r
elate
d
to
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
an
d
ti
m
e
cr
iticalit
y
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ess
e
n
tial
s
o
f
s
o
cial
an
d
o
r
g
an
izat
i
o
n
al
lif
e,
as
W
ib
er
g
clai
m
s
[
7
,
1
0
]
.
Nev
er
th
eles
s
,
th
e
in
q
u
ir
y
o
f
e
n
ter
p
r
is
e
-
lev
e
l
r
esear
ch
in
to
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
I
T
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
r
e
m
ai
n
s
m
ar
g
i
n
al
to
th
e
d
is
cip
lin
e,
b
o
th
t
h
eo
r
etica
ll
y
an
d
e
m
p
ir
icall
y
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
atte
m
p
ts
to
f
ill
t
h
is
g
ap
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
an
d
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
an
I
T
in
v
est
m
en
t
p
o
r
tf
o
l
io
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
I
T
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
m
a
n
d
a
tes
o
n
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice,
I
T
s
av
v
y
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
atte
m
p
ts
to
f
ill
t
h
is
g
ap
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
an
d
ex
te
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
I
T
in
v
est
m
en
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
tera
ctio
n
o
f I
T in
ve
s
tmen
t m
a
n
d
a
tes a
n
d
mo
b
il
e
s
a
vv
y
a
ffe
ctin
g
mo
b
ile
o
ffice…
(
Mo
o
n
J
u
n
g
h
o
o
n
)
2379
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
I
T
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
m
a
n
d
a
tes
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice,
I
T
s
av
v
y
,
a
n
d
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
11
,
12
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ac
ad
e
m
ic
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
to
ad
o
p
t
an
d
ex
ten
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
I
T
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
b
y
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
th
e
r
e
lev
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
s
o
th
at
a
s
o
u
n
d
er
th
eo
r
etica
l b
asi
s
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
B
ACK
G
R
O
UND
AND
RE
SE
ARCH
M
O
DE
L
2
.
1
.
I
m
pa
ct
o
f
info
r
m
a
t
io
n t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
a
nd
I
T
inv
est
m
e
nt
a
t
t
he
co
rpo
ra
t
e
lev
el
Fo
u
r
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
at
eg
ic
v
al
u
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
atte
n
t
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e:
C
la
s
s
ical,
ec
o
n
o
m
i
ca
l,
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
b
ased
v
ie
w
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
es
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
v
alu
e
o
f
I
T
h
as
ev
o
l
v
ed
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
lev
e
l
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
ess
e
x
p
lo
itatio
n
o
f
I
T
in
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
aj
o
r
tech
n
ical
er
as
[
13
-
20
]
.
W
ar
d
,
et
a
l.
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
t
h
at
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
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p
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[
2
1
,
22
]
.
R
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[
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2
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3
.
Resea
rc
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T
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ti
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[
2
4
]
.
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s
[
1
2
,
24
]
.
I
n
v
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s
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t
s
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s
tr
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I
T
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.
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s
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llin
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to
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.
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m
s
w
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Fig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
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t J
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&
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Vo
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11
,
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3
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2
0
2
1
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3
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238
0
H
y
p
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1
b
:
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p
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H
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2
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s
ab
ili
t
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f
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h
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m
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a
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2
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a:
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it
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h
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k
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H
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3
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k
in
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H
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3
c:
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m
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w
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k
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tex
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a
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H
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4
:
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m
o
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ates t
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e
r
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s
h
ip
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lev
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a
g
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m
a
n
d
ate
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d
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r
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d
u
ctiv
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.
H
y
p
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t
h
es
is
5
:
I
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s
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v
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m
o
d
er
ates t
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e
r
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s
h
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ex
p
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d
m
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d
ate
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d
its
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s
ab
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.
H
y
p
o
th
es
is
6
:
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T
s
av
v
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m
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d
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ates t
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e
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
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f
t
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tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
r
p
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n
ee
r
m
a
n
d
ate
an
d
it
s
f
it.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
A
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
id
en
tify
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ac
ad
em
ic
r
esear
c
h
[
1
2
-
2
5
]
.
So
m
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
ca
le
s
w
er
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
m
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
l
e
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice.
S
in
ce
t
h
e
tar
g
et
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
ap
p
licatio
n
in
Ko
r
ea
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
w
as
tr
a
n
s
lated
in
to
Ko
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.
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h
e
s
u
r
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i
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m
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ar
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s
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ies
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ted
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ile
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ic
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f
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q
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es
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is
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te
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d
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ir
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etu
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as s
h
o
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ab
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d
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.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
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ap
h
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c
i
n
f
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m
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s
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r
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ar
ticip
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t
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h
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c
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t
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u
mb
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r
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e
r
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t
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g
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(
%)
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mb
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st
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f
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me
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s
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o
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o
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o
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e
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8
Ty
p
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a
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t
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e
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1
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a
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r
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t
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En
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a
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p
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8
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ab
le
2
.
Descr
ip
tiv
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tis
tic
s
f
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r
I
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in
v
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e
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t p
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n
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0
0
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7
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2
5
0
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1
2
1
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
en
v
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o
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m
en
t,
f
ir
m
s
g
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er
all
y
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ad
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m
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h
ile
W
eill
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r
tf
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lio
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ed
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eter
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
allo
ca
tio
n
s
[
2
0
,
2
5
]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
a
r
elativ
el
y
h
i
g
h
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
ta
n
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ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
,
as
it
a
ctu
all
y
f
lu
c
tu
ated
a
m
o
n
g
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u
r
s
a
m
p
les.
Fo
r
th
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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&
C
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p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
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n
tera
ctio
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f I
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ve
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tmen
t m
a
n
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a
tes a
n
d
mo
b
il
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s
a
vv
y
a
ffe
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g
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ile
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(
Mo
o
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n
g
h
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o
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2381
r
ea
s
o
n
,
d
escr
ip
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tati
s
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o
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o
t
ad
d
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y
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ig
n
i
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ica
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asp
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y
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g
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p
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ch
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ep
en
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en
t
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iab
les
w
er
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ea
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ce
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ta
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o
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s
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B
ec
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s
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h
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o
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ir
m
s
allo
ca
te
ag
g
r
e
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ate
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T
in
v
est
m
e
n
ts
,
we
co
n
d
u
cted
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
an
al
y
s
is
in
o
r
d
er
to
test
t
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es;
t
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
el
y
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s
ed
ec
o
n
o
m
etr
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c
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
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ies
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
ca
u
s
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it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
d
ep
en
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en
t
v
ar
iab
les.
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w
ev
er
,
s
in
ce
o
u
r
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
er
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
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ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
r
atio
o
f
as
s
et
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t to
en
tire
co
s
t,
th
e
y
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
ela
ted
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
r
an
,
I
n
f
o
r
,
I
n
f
r
a
,
an
d
Stra
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
tr
a
n
s
ac
t
io
n
al,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al,
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
an
d
s
tr
ate
g
ic
i
n
v
est
m
e
n
t
r
atio
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
an
d
Yp
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t v
ar
iab
le
w
h
ic
h
ill
u
s
tr
ates t
h
e
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t r
esu
l
t.
(
1
)
Mo
s
t
e
m
p
ir
ical
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
I
T
in
v
est
m
en
t
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
b
e
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
26
].
I
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
s
h
ar
ed
I
T
s
er
v
ices
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
I
T
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
es
h
i
g
h
er
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
,
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
in
v
es
t
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
b
asicall
y
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
er
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
co
s
ts
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
as
o
u
r
d
at
a
s
et
is
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
a
l,
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
e
ct
an
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
s
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
in
itiat
iv
e
s
b
y
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ities
ar
e
in
p
lace
.
Sin
ce
,
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
eq
u
a
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
s
t
itu
ted
w
ith
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
as
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
w
e
ca
n
d
er
iv
e
an
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
ea
r
eq
u
ati
o
n
,
s
h
o
w
n
a
s
,
(
2
)
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
eq
u
atio
n
,
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
o
f
(
2
)
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
ea
c
h
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
b
ased
u
p
o
n
in
f
r
as
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t.
Ov
er
all,
as
d
ef
in
ed
ea
r
lier
,
w
e
m
o
d
if
ied
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
m
a
n
d
ates,
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
i
n
(
3
)
,
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
e
f
f
i
cien
ts
o
f
th
e
o
t
h
er
th
r
ee
I
T
ass
ets an
d
th
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
as
s
et
s
.
(
3
)
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
re
s
ults
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
I
T
an
d
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
s
e
v
er
al
w
a
y
s
,
we
u
s
ed
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
Mo
B
iS
-
Q
a
s
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
s
er
v
ices
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ac
ad
em
ic
r
esear
c
h
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ab
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
at
io
n
o
f
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
e
n
r
ich
m
e
n
ts
i
n
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
[
1
1
,
2
2
,
2
7
-
3
0
]
.
Ou
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
u
n
d
er
t
h
r
ee
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
s
3
t
o
5
.
Sin
ce
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
m
o
d
el
co
n
tai
n
s
s
e
v
er
al
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
(
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
1
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Gi
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F
i
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0
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7
5
)
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0
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4
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8
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I
T
c
l
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d
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t
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5
6
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Ex
p
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ma
n
d
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t
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s
3
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6
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1
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3
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1
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7
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v
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3
.
8
1
2
*
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4
.
5
2
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1
.
6
2
1
O
b
s.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
e
r
r
o
r
s a
r
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
se
s.
*
P
<
0
.
1
0
;
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
5
;
*
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
A
ll
th
e
es
ti
m
ates
ar
e
s
tati
s
ticall
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
Ou
r
r
es
u
lts
ill
u
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
s
p
e
n
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
o
n
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
al,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al,
an
d
s
tr
ate
g
ic
a
s
s
et
s
t
h
an
o
n
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
as
s
et
s
is
p
o
s
i
tiv
el
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
6
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
is
m
o
s
t
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
lev
er
ag
e
m
an
d
ate
(
β=0
.
4
0
8
,
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
an
d
is
t
w
ice
as
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
as
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
m
an
d
ate
(
β=0
.
1
8
5
,
p
<0
.
1
)
in
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
w
a
y
.
T
h
is
r
esu
l
t
al
s
o
s
u
g
g
es
ts
t
h
a
t
w
e
s
h
o
u
ld
s
p
en
d
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
et
o
n
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
ai
n
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
I
T
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
m
a
n
d
ate
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ab
ili
t
y
w
as
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
(
F=4
.
5
2
8
,
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
,
H2
b
an
d
H2
c
w
er
e
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
Nev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
lev
er
a
g
e
m
an
d
ate
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ab
ilit
y
w
a
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t,
a
s
p
r
ed
icted
in
H2
a.
At
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
in
ter
esti
n
g
l
y
,
a
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
m
a
n
d
ate
f
o
r
d
ev
ice
f
it
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
b
ile
co
n
t
ex
t
i
s
n
e
g
ati
v
e
a
n
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
I
t is h
ig
h
l
y
p
r
o
b
ab
le
th
at
a
s
tr
ate
g
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
y
r
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lt in
a
lac
k
o
f
f
it
f
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th
e
g
iv
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n
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
r
ea
d
in
g
s
ee
m
s
p
lau
s
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le,
y
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it
r
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ir
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r
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ex
a
m
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h
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r
esu
lt
o
f
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
all
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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&
C
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p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
tera
ctio
n
o
f I
T in
ve
s
tmen
t m
a
n
d
a
tes a
n
d
mo
b
il
e
s
a
vv
y
a
ffe
ctin
g
mo
b
ile
o
ffice…
(
Mo
o
n
J
u
n
g
h
o
o
n
)
2383
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
to
g
e
th
er
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
t
h
at
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
al
as
s
ets
ar
e
th
e
cr
itical
en
ab
ler
i
n
m
ax
i
m
iz
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
in
a
g
i
v
en
s
it
u
atio
n
.
W
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
m
u
l
tip
le
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
an
al
y
s
es
to
test
H4
,
H5
,
an
d
H6
.
I
n
m
o
d
el
1
,
I
T
in
v
est
m
en
t
m
a
n
d
ates
a
n
d
m
o
b
ile
s
av
v
y
w
er
e
en
ter
ed
as
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les.
I
n
m
o
d
el
2
,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ter
m
s
w
er
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
I
T
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
m
an
d
ate
s
an
d
I
T
s
av
v
y
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
tu
r
n
ed
o
u
t
to
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
i
n
all
th
r
e
e
ca
s
es.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
in
t
h
e
li
n
e
w
it
h
p
r
io
r
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
f
ir
m
s
with
m
o
r
e
I
T
co
m
p
eten
c
y
g
ain
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
en
ef
i
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
eir
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
s
.
De
v
ic
e
f
it
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
b
ile
w
o
r
k
co
n
tex
t
i
s
a
clea
r
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
I
T
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
w
it
h
i
n
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
ith
I
T
s
av
v
y
(
R
^2
=0
.
4
1
1
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
h
ig
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
ia
n
ce
t
h
an
t
h
e
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
o
f
I
T
ass
ets
alo
n
e
(
R
^2
=0
.
0
7
7
)
,
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
t
h
e
r
ad
icall
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
R
v
al
u
es
i
n
T
ab
le
7
,
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
o
s
e
i
n
T
ab
le
6
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
f
o
r
f
it
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
b
ile
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
li
n
ea
r
esti
m
ate
w
a
s
in
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
(
F=1
.
6
2
1
,
p
>0
.
1
)
,
b
u
t
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
a
later
es
ti
m
a
te
w
a
s
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
(
F=7
.
7
6
0
,
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
.
T
a
b
le
8
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
en
tire
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
ain
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
I
T
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t a
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
atin
g
ef
f
ec
t o
f
I
T
in
v
e
s
t
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
7
.
Hier
ar
ch
ical
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
o
d
er
atin
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
U
sab
i
l
i
t
y
F
i
t
f
o
r
M
o
b
i
l
e
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
M
o
d
e
l
1
M
o
d
e
l
2
M
o
d
e
l
1
M
o
d
e
l
2
M
o
d
e
l
1
M
o
d
e
l
2
I
T
C
l
a
ss A
sse
t
L
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
M
a
n
d
a
t
e
s
0
.
4
2
1
*
*
*
(
0
.
6
9
5
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0
.
2
6
0
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*
(
0
.
6
0
6
)
0
.
1
7
8
*
(
0
.
7
0
0
)
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m M
a
n
d
a
t
e
s
0
.
3
1
8
*
*
*
(
1
.
0
4
1
)
0
.
2
5
8
*
*
(
0
.
9
0
7
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0
.
0
9
6
(
1
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0
4
8
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Ex
p
a
n
d
M
a
n
d
a
t
e
s
0
.
3
6
0
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(
0
.
8
5
8
)
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2
3
3
*
*
(
0
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7
4
8
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0
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0
6
1
(
0
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8
6
4
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M
o
b
i
l
e
S
a
v
v
y
0
.
5
6
5
*
*
*
(
0
.
0
0
9
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0
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6
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2
*
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(
0
.
0
0
8
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0
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6
4
8
*
*
*
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0
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0
1
0
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e
v
e
r
a
g
e
*
m Sav
v
y
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3
7
8
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0
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0
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5
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0
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3
1
9
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0
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0
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2
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5
7
6
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*
(
0
.
0
9
1
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r
a
n
sf
o
r
m *
m Sav
v
y
0
.
2
9
5
*
*
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0
.
1
6
1
)
0
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3
5
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0
.
1
3
9
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0
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3
1
6
*
*
(
0
.
1
5
4
)
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p
a
n
d
*
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v
y
0
.
4
6
1
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0
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1
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1
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3
3
0
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(
0
.
0
8
7
)
0
.
6
7
7
*
*
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(
0
.
0
9
7
)
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^
2
0
.
4
1
9
0
.
5
5
9
0
.
4
1
1
△
R
0
.
0
4
9
0
.
0
4
3
0
.
1
0
1
S
i
g
.
F
C
h
a
n
g
e
3
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8
0
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*
3
.
9
8
6
*
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7
.
7
6
0
*
*
*
O
b
s.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
N
o
t
e
:
A
l
l
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s a
n
d
I
T
a
sse
t
s a
r
e
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
g
r
e
ssi
o
n
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
.
*
P
<
0
.
1
0
;
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
5
;
*
*
*
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
T
ab
le
8
.
R
esu
lt o
f
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es
an
al
y
s
is
H
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
R
e
su
l
t
H
1
a
T
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
i
mp
a
c
t
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
mo
b
i
l
e
o
f
f
i
c
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
man
d
a
t
e
o
f
I
T
i
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ai
n
b
asic
li
m
itatio
n
s
in
h
er
en
t
i
n
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
ar
ea
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th
er
e
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e
m
a
in
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u
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d
a
m
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it
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m
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ile
o
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I
n
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t
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e,
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h
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n
d
er
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
its
ef
f
ec
t.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
its
in
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
I
T
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
p
atter
n
s
o
n
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
P
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
B
lu
m
e
n
b
er
g
et
a
l.
in
2
0
0
9
h
av
e
ex
p
lain
ed
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
f
i
r
m
s
’
I
T
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
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o
r
m
an
ce
ac
co
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d
in
g
to
th
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m
an
ag
er
ial
g
o
als.
No
n
eth
e
less
,
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n
th
e
q
u
est
io
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o
f
I
T
in
v
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s
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m
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n
t
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th
e
m
o
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ile
o
f
f
ic
e
co
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tex
t,
n
o
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
p
r
o
g
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ess
h
a
s
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
n
o
r
ap
p
ea
r
s
lik
e
l
y
s
o
o
n
er
.
A
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ie
s
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
I
T
in
v
es
t
m
e
n
t p
atter
n
s
o
n
m
o
b
ile
o
f
f
ic
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
ea
ls
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
i
m
p
licat
i
o
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
.
Ch
e
n
,
S
.
Je
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
H.
J
u
n
g
,
“
W
iF
i
-
Ba
se
d
Ho
m
e
Io
T
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
1
,
p
p
.
8
-
1
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
J.
A
d
ries
se
n
a
n
d
V.
M
a
tt
i
,
“
M
o
b
il
e
V
irt
u
a
l
W
o
rk
:
A
Ne
w
P
a
ra
d
ig
m
,
”
Ge
rm
a
n
y
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
0
6
[3
]
S
.
G
iri
sh
,
B.
Ra
m
a
m
u
rth
y
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
e
n
th
il
n
a
t
h
a
n
,
“
M
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
W
e
b
Da
ta
f
o
r
Clas
si
fy
in
g
a
n
d
P
re
d
ictin
g
Us
e
rs
’
Re
q
u
e
sts,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
0
-
2
3
9
8
.
[4
]
A
.
Bh
a
p
p
u
a
n
d
J.
Cre
w
s,
“
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
m
e
d
ia
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
li
c
t
o
n
tea
m
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
i
n
d
iv
e
rse
g
ro
u
p
s,
”
p
re
se
n
ted
a
t
th
e
H
a
wa
ii
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f.
S
y
ste
m S
c
ien
c
e
,
L
o
s A
la
m
it
o
s,
USA
,
v
o
l.
1
,
2
0
0
5
.
[5
]
A
.
G
ies
s
m
a
n
n
,
K.
S
tan
o
e
v
sk
a
-
S
l
a
b
e
v
a
,
a
n
d
B.
De
V
isse
r,
“
M
o
b
il
e
e
n
terp
rise
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
C
u
rre
n
t
sta
te
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
d
irec
ti
o
n
s,
”
2
0
1
2
4
5
th
Ha
wa
ii
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
M
a
u
i,
HI
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
3
-
1
3
7
2
.
[6
]
H.
Na
g
a
r
a
n
d
B.
L
i
m
,
“
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
w
it
h
W
e
b
2
.
0
:
C
u
rre
n
t
S
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt,
Iss
u
e
a
n
d
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
”
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
2
3
-
5
2
9
,
2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
M
.
W
ib
e
rg
,
“
In
b
e
tw
e
e
n
M
o
b
il
e
M
e
e
ti
n
g
s:
Ex
p
lo
ri
n
g
S
e
a
m
les
s
O
n
g
o
in
g
In
tera
c
ti
o
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
f
o
r
M
o
b
i
le
CS
CW
,
”
re
se
a
rc
h
re
p
o
rts in
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
:
RR
-
0
1
.
0
2
,
Um
e
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
U
m
e
a
,
S
w
e
d
e
n
,
2
0
0
1
.
[8
]
S
.
Kristo
f
f
e
rse
n
a
n
d
F
.
L
ju
n
g
b
e
r
g
,
“
M
o
b
i
le
u
se
o
f
IT
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
2
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
s
tem
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
S
e
min
a
r i
n
S
c
a
n
d
i
n
a
v
ia
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
1
9
9
9
.
[9
]
K.
S
tan
o
e
v
sk
a
-
S
lab
e
v
a
,
“
T
h
e
Dig
it
a
l
Eco
n
o
m
y
,
”
Ber
li
n
,
Ge
rm
a
n
y
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
p
p
.
4
5
9
-
4
7
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[1
0
]
W
.
Oh
a
n
d
A
.
P
i
n
so
n
n
e
a
u
lt
,
“
On
th
e
A
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
S
trate
g
ic
V
a
lu
e
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
i
e
s:
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s,
”
M
IS
Qu
a
rte
rly
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
-
2
6
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
B.
W
e
rn
e
rfe
lt
,
“
A
Re
so
u
rc
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
V
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
F
i
r
m
,
”
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
no.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
1
-
180
,
1
9
8
4
.
[1
2
]
E.
P
e
n
r
o
se
,
“
T
h
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
o
f
th
e
Gro
w
th
o
f
th
e
F
irm
,
”
Ox
fo
rd
Un
ive
rs
it
y
Pre
ss
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
3
]
G
.
Bh
a
tt
a
n
d
V
.
G
ro
v
e
r,
“
Ty
p
e
s
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
a
n
d
T
h
e
ir
R
o
le
i
n
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
A
d
v
a
n
ta
g
e
:
A
n
E
m
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
-
2
7
7
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
G
.
Ki
m
,
B.
S
h
in
,
a
n
d
O.
Kw
o
n
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
n
g
th
e
V
a
lu
e
o
f
S
o
c
io
m
a
teria
li
s
m
in
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
li
z
i
n
g
IT
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
a
F
irm
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
2
7
-
3
3
6
,
2
0
1
2
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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ile
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(
Mo
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n
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o
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)
2385
[1
5
]
I.
Die
rick
x
a
n
d
K.
Co
o
l,
“
A
s
se
t
S
to
c
k
A
c
c
u
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
S
u
sta
in
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
A
d
v
a
n
tag
e
,
”
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
4
-
1
5
1
1
,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
6
]
J.
Ba
rn
e
y
,
“
F
ir
m
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
e
d
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
A
d
v
a
n
tag
e
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
2
0
,
1
9
9
1
.
[1
7
]
J.
Ro
ss
a
n
d
D.
F
e
e
n
y
,
“
T
h
e
E
v
o
lv
in
g
Ro
le
o
f
th
e
CIO,
”
Ce
n
ter
fo
r
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
M
a
ss
a
c
h
e
se
tt
s
,
US
A,
W
o
rk
in
g
P
a
p
e
r No
.
3
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
2
,
A
u
g
.
1
9
9
9
.
[1
8
]
W
.
Kin
g
,
“
IT
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
ies
,
Bu
sin
e
ss
P
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s,
a
n
d
Im
p
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
B
o
tt
o
m
L
in
e
,
”
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
5
-
8
7
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
9
]
J.
W
a
rd
,
P
.
T
a
y
lo
r,
a
n
d
P
.
Bo
n
d
,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
IS
/I
T
b
e
n
e
f
it
s:
A
n
e
m
p
ir
ic
a
l
s
tu
d
y
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
-
2
2
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
0
]
M
.
Ch
u
n
a
n
d
J.
M
o
o
n
e
y
,
“
CI
O
Ro
les
a
n
d
Re
sp
o
n
si
b
il
it
ies
:
Tw
e
n
t
y
-
f
iv
e
Ye
a
rs
o
f
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ch
a
n
g
e
,
”
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
-
3
3
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
1
]
IBM
,
“
T
h
e
Esse
n
ti
a
l
CIO:
In
sig
h
t
s
f
ro
m
th
e
G
lo
b
a
l
Ch
ief
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
Of
f
i
c
e
r
S
tu
d
y
E
x
e
c
u
ti
v
e
S
u
m
m
a
r
y
,
”
IB
M
C
-
S
u
it
e
s
S
t
u
d
ies
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
-
0
1
.
ib
m
.
c
o
m
/c
o
m
m
o
n
/ssi/cg
i
-
b
in
/ssia
li
a
s?
in
f
o
ty
p
e
=
P
M
&
su
b
ty
p
e
=
X
B&
h
tm
lf
id
=
CIE0
3
0
8
3
USE
N.
[2
2
]
P
.
W
e
il
l,
“
Co
m
p
il
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
IT
CIS
R
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
IT
P
o
rtf
o
li
o
s,
IT
S
a
v
v
y
a
n
d
F
irm
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
S
S
RN
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Jo
u
rn
a
l
,
n
o
.
3
6
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
3
]
S
.
A
ra
l,
a
n
d
P
.
W
e
il
l,
“
IT
A
ss
e
ts
,
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Ca
p
a
b
i
li
ti
e
s,
a
n
d
F
irm
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
:
Ho
w
Re
so
u
rc
e
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
E
x
p
l
a
i
n
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
V
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
780
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
P
.
G
in
e
r,
C.
Ce
ti
n
a
,
J.
F
o
n
s,
a
n
d
V
.
P
e
lec
h
a
n
o
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
M
o
b
il
e
W
o
rk
f
lo
w
S
u
p
p
o
rt
in
t
h
e
In
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
P
e
rv
a
siv
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
Per
v
a
siv
e
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
5
]
P
.
W
e
il
l,
“
IT
S
a
v
v
y
:
W
h
a
t
T
o
p
Ex
e
c
u
ti
v
e
s M
u
st Kn
o
w
T
o
G
o
F
ro
m
P
a
in
T
o
G
a
in
,
”
Ha
rv
a
rd
B
u
sin
e
ss
Pre
ss
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
6
]
E.
Be
u
len
a
n
d
R.
S
tre
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
m
o
b
il
e
o
f
f
ice
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
w
o
rk
e
rs
’
b
e
h
a
v
io
r:
A
f
i
e
ld
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
t
in
th
e
IT
se
rv
ice
s
se
c
to
r,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
T
we
n
ty
-
T
h
ird
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
fo
r
ma
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
Ba
rc
e
lo
a
,
S
p
a
in
,
p
p
.
6
2
9
-
6
4
0
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
7
]
K.
Ch
a
a
n
g
a
n
d
T
.
Ya
n
,
“
T
h
e
Co
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
F
irm
’
s
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
o
n
O
u
tso
u
rc
in
g
A
c
ti
v
it
ies
:
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
F
u
z
z
y
S
y
n
th
e
sis,
”
Y
u
g
o
sla
v
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
O
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
87
-
9
7
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
8
]
M
.
M
a
rk
o
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
B
iS
-
Q
-
A
to
o
l
f
o
r
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
t
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
b
u
si
n
e
ss
se
rv
ice
s,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
th
e
9
th
In
t
l.
Co
n
f.
o
n
Hu
m
a
n
c
o
m
p
u
ter
I
n
ter
a
c
ti
o
n
wi
th
M
o
b
il
e
De
v
ice
s a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
-
2
4
5
.
[2
9
]
M
.
M
a
rk
o
v
a
,
e
t
a
l
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ire
f
o
r
m
e
a
su
rin
g
m
o
b
il
e
b
u
si
n
e
ss
se
rv
ice
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
th
e
1
0
t
h
In
t.
c
o
n
f.
o
n
Hu
ma
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r in
ter
a
c
ti
o
n
wit
h
mo
b
il
e
d
e
v
ice
s
a
n
d
se
rv
ice
s,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
USA
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
6
2
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
0
]
H.
L
ian
g
,
N.
S
a
ra
f
,
Q.
Hu
,
a
n
d
Y.
X
u
e
,
“
A
ss
i
m
il
a
ti
o
n
o
f
En
terp
r
ise
S
y
ste
m
s:
T
h
e
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
a
l
P
re
ss
u
re
s
a
n
d
M
e
d
iatin
g
Ro
le o
f
T
o
p
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
M
IS
Qu
a
rte
rly
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
8
7
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
1
]
J.
Re
y
n
a
ld
o
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
n
to
s,
“
C
ro
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
A
lp
h
a
:
A
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
As
se
ss
in
g
th
e
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
S
c
a
le
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Exte
n
sio
n
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
1
9
9
9
.
[3
2
]
J.
L
e
e
,
M
.
P
a
rk
,
a
n
d
J.
M
o
o
n
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
a
ff
e
c
ti
n
g
th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
o
f
f
ice
o
u
tso
u
rc
i
n
g
:
A
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
u
sin
g
th
e
F
ORT
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
o
Bi
S
-
Q,
”
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
De
c
isio
n
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
2
-
1
4
4
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
J
u
n
g
h
o
o
n
M
o
o
n
is
a
n
A
ss
o
c
ia
te
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
th
e
P
ro
g
ra
m
in
Re
g
io
n
a
l
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
t
S
e
o
u
l
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
Ko
re
a
.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
S
tate
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
N
e
w
Yo
rk
a
t
Bu
ff
a
lo
in
2
0
0
6
.
He
w
o
rk
e
d
fo
r
se
v
e
ra
l
y
e
a
rs
a
s
a
s
y
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
st
a
n
d
c
o
n
su
lt
a
n
t.
I
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
e
-
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
b
u
sin
e
ss
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
a
rti
c
les
in
m
a
n
y
jo
u
rn
a
ls,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
On
li
n
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Re
v
iew
,
e
-
Bu
sin
e
ss
S
tu
d
ies
,
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
F
ro
n
t
iers
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Co
m
m
e
rc
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
u
n
g
g
o
o
Yo
o
is
a
M
.
A
.
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
o
f
th
e
P
ro
g
ra
m
in
Re
g
io
n
a
l
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
t
S
e
o
u
l
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
Ko
re
a
.
H
e
h
a
d
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
n
d
a
re
s
e
a
rc
h
a
ss
sista
n
t
in
d
iv
e
rse
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
p
ro
jec
ts
o
n
a
g
ro
-
b
u
sin
e
ss
issu
e
s.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
in
c
lu
d
e
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
e
-
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
b
u
si
n
e
ss
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
J
o
n
g
ta
e
Le
e
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
th
e
Div
isio
n
o
f
Bu
s
in
e
ss
A
d
m
in
istratio
n
a
t
S
e
o
u
l
W
o
m
e
n
’
s
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Ko
re
a
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
K
A
IS
T
)
a
n
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
A
.
a
n
d
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
fro
m
S
e
o
u
l
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
e
s
a
t
d
iv
e
rse
S
S
CI/S
CI/
S
CIE
i
n
d
e
x
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
,
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
e
-
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
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