I
n
t
ern
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
ct
ri
ca
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
er
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
V
o
l
.
11
,
N
o
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
021
,
p
p
.
442
~
450
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
87
08
,
D
O
I
:
10.
115
91
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
11
i
1
.
pp
44
2
-
4
50
4
42
Jo
u
r
n
al
h
om
e
pa
ge
:
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
j
e
c
e
.
i
a
e
s
c
o
r
e
.
c
o
m
Io
T
b
as
e
d
i
m
pl
e
m
ent
e
d
c
om
p
ari
s
o
n
a
n
al
ys
i
s
of
t
wo
w
e
ll
-
k
now
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
t
fo
r
m
s fo
r
s
ma
r
t
h
om
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on
S
am
e
e
r
Al
an
i
,
S
ar
m
ad
N
oz
a
d
M
ah
m
o
od
,
Sa
r
a
h
Z
a
e
ea
d
A
tta
a
l
l
a
h
,
H
a
ne
e
n
S
a
meer
M
h
m
o
o
d
,
Z
e
e
na
A
bdul
s
a
t
t
a
r
K
hudh
ur
,
A
zza
m A
mer
D
h
a
n
n
oon
Com
put
e
r
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng,
Col
l
e
ge
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng T
e
c
h
nol
ogy,
A
l
-
K
i
t
a
b U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
y
,
Ir
a
q
A
rt
i
cl
e
I
n
f
o
A
BS
TR
A
C
T
Ar
t
i
c
l
e
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
A
p
r
2
,
20
20
Re
v
i
s
e
d
J
un
2
0
,
20
20
A
ccep
t
e
d
A
u
g
10
,
2
0
20
T
he
de
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
s
of t
he
i
n
t
e
r
ne
t
of
t
h
i
ngs
(IoT
) t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
fa
s
c
i
na
t
e
d
t
he
uni
v
e
rs
e
a
nd
provi
de
d gr
e
a
t
opport
uni
t
i
e
s
t
o
i
nt
roduc
e
t
he
s
e
i
nnova
t
i
ons
i
n s
m
a
rt
hous
e
ne
t
w
orks
.
S
m
a
r
t
hom
e
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on i
s
hi
ghl
y r
e
q
ui
re
d t
h
e
s
e
da
ys
.
S
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a c
o
l
l
ec
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
d
ev
i
c
es
co
n
n
ect
ed
t
o m
oni
t
or a
nd
c
ont
rol
i
n
t
he
m
a
r
ke
t
hom
e
a
ppl
i
a
nc
e
r
e
m
ot
e
l
y
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
i
t
i
s
s
till
n
e
e
d
e
d
to
d
e
s
ig
n
a
f
r
ie
ndl
y
a
nd
r
e
l
i
a
b
le
s
y
s
t
e
m s
in
c
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ma
in
ly
de
pe
nds
on t
h
e
d
e
vi
c
e
s
us
e
d a
nd
t
he
e
nv
i
ronm
e
nt
of t
he
n
e
t
w
ork.
N
E
T
P
I a
nd
B
L
YNK a
r
e
IoT
fra
m
e
w
orks
us
e
d for h
a
rdw
a
r
e
-
a
gnos
t
i
c
w
i
t
h
s
m
a
rt
phon
e
s
,
w
e
bs
i
t
e
s
,
pri
v
a
t
e
c
l
ouds
,
s
ys
t
e
m
s
e
c
uri
t
y,
d
a
t
a
m
i
ni
ng
,
a
nd de
e
p l
e
a
rni
ng
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
c
onf
i
rm
e
d
t
ha
t
N
E
T
P
I
provi
de
s
f
l
e
x
ib
ili
ty
to
d
e
a
l w
ith
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
N
O
D
E
M
CU
c
on
t
rol
l
e
rs
i
n
a
s
i
ng
l
e
c
ont
rol
fra
m
e
w
ork.
T
he
propo
s
e
d s
ys
t
e
m
s
how
s
i
t
s
a
ppl
i
c
a
bi
l
i
t
y
i
n
m
o
ni
t
ori
ng
a
nd
c
ont
rol
l
i
ng
hom
e
a
ppl
i
a
nc
e
s
re
m
ot
e
l
y.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
s
:
B
L
Y
N
K
n
e
tw
or
k
p
l
a
t
fo
rm
I
o
T
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
st
e
m
N
ETP
I
n
e
t
wo
rk
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
Sm
a
r
t
h
ous
e
s
ys
te
m
T
hi
s
i
s
an ope
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
t
i
c
l
e
un
de
r
t
he
CC B
Y
-
SA
l
i
c
e
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
po
n
di
n
g
A
u
t
h
or
:
S
am
eer
A
l
a
n
i
,
S
ar
m
a
d
N
o
zad
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
,
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
o
f
C
om
put
e
r
T
e
c
hn
ol
o
g
y
E
n
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g,
C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
ngin
e
e
r
ing
T
e
c
hno
log
y,
A
l
-
K
i
t
a
b
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
A
l
t
u
n
K
o
p
ri
,
K
i
rk
u
k
,
I
ra
q
.
E
m
a
i
l
:
s
a
m
e
e
r
@
s
i
s
w
a
.
u
k
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
,
s
a
r
m
a
dn
m
a
h
m
o
od@
gm
a
il.
c
o
m
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
E
ve
r
y
m
i
n
ut
e
i
n
h
um
a
n l
i
f
e
i
s
on
t
he
r
i
s
e
ne
e
de
d t
o
us
e
t
he
w
e
b
a
nd
s
m
a
r
t
de
vi
c
e
s
,
w
he
r
e
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e a
n
es
s
en
t
i
al
pa
r
t
of
l
i
f
e
a
n
d
be
i
n
g u
s
e
d
wi
de
l
y a
l
l
a
r
ou
n
d t
he
u
ni
ve
r
s
e
[
1]
.
N
o
wa
d
a
y
s
,
C
o
nt
r
ol
l
i
ng a
nd
m
o
ni
t
or
i
ng s
m
a
r
t
ho
us
e
s
i
n
us
i
n
g W
i
-
Fi
-
b
a
s
e
d s
m
a
r
t
p
ho
ne
s
i
s
t
he
p
oi
nt
of
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
.
I
nde
e
d
,
t
he
w
h
ol
e
ope
r
a
t
i
o
n ne
e
d
s
t
o be
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
vi
a
r
o
b
us
t
a
nd
uni
qu
e
de
ve
l
o
pe
d
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
,
w
h
i
ch
act
a
s
a
g
at
ew
a
y
t
o th
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
[2
,
3]
.
T
h
es
e t
as
k
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
ei
t
h
er
au
t
o
m
at
i
cal
l
y
or
m
a
n
ua
l
l
y
a
nd b
ot
h de
pe
n
de
nt
on
t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
s
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
[4
,
5]
.
A
ut
om
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y,
t
he
de
vi
c
e
s
de
p
e
nd o
n
t
he
s
e
ns
or
b
e
i
n
g
r
e
a
d a
n
d c
a
n
m
a
ke
t
he
i
r
o
w
n
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
t
o
r
un
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
as
t
,
t
he
us
e
of
s
m
a
r
t
p
ho
ne
s
or
ne
t
w
or
k s
i
t
e
s
us
e
d t
o c
on
t
r
ol
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
m
a
n
ua
l
l
y a
s
l
on
g a
s
t
he
us
e
r
i
s
o
nl
i
ne
[5
,
6]
.
In
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
Io
T
)
i
s
a
ne
w
ve
r
s
i
on
of
t
he
w
e
b
(
n
e
t
w
or
k)
t
h
a
t
f
aci
l
i
t
at
es
co
m
m
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
b
et
w
een
d
ev
i
ces
t
h
at
ar
e
l
i
n
k
ed
t
o
e
a
c
h
ot
he
r
us
i
n
g
t
he
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
o
f
t
he
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
[7
,
8]
.
T
he
s
e
p
r
oc
e
d
ur
e
s
i
nc
l
ude
va
r
i
o
us
t
o
ol
s
,
c
a
m
e
r
a
s
,
s
e
ns
or
s
,
a
nd s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
.
T
hi
s
i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
t
i
on g
oe
s
be
y
o
nd t
he
c
o
n
ve
n
t
i
ona
l
c
o
nc
e
pt
of
hu
m
a
n
be
i
ngs
C
om
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
on
t
hr
ou
g
h c
om
pu
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
de
vi
c
e
s
o
ve
r
a
s
i
n
gl
e
gl
o
ba
l
ne
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d t
h
r
o
u
gh
a
w
e
l
l
-
k
n
ow
n c
o
nve
nt
i
o
na
l
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
pr
ot
oc
ol
[9
,
10]
.
T
he
a
s
s
um
pt
i
o
n t
ha
t
r
e
c
o
gni
z
e
s
I
oT
i
s
t
ha
t
i
t
a
l
l
ow
s
a
pe
r
s
o
n t
o
be
di
s
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
f
r
om
a
l
oc
a
t
i
on,
w
h
i
c
h
e
n
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
an
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
can
acces
s
t
h
e
d
ev
i
ces
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e i
n
a
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
ar
p
l
ace t
o
d
eal
w
i
t
h
a
s
p
eci
f
i
c
d
ev
i
ce
[
11
,
12
]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
t
i
l
l
s
o
m
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
s
u
f
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
u
n
s
t
a
b
l
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
o
r
w
a
te
r
s
u
pp
ly
t
ha
t
ne
e
d
pe
o
p
l
e
t
o s
t
a
y h
o
m
e
a
n
d
wa
i
t
f
or
t
he
r
i
ght
t
i
m
e
t
o
po
we
r
on
h
om
e
a
p
pl
i
a
nc
e
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
87
08
I
oT
b
as
e
d
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
c
om
p
ar
i
s
o
n
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
w
o
w
e
l
l
-
k
no
w
n
n
e
tw
or
k
pla
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
.
.
.
(
S
am
e
e
r
A
l
ani
)
4
43
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
I
r
a
q
.
I
r
a
q
s
t
i
l
l
s
u
f
f
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ho
r
t
a
ge
o
f
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
d
ue
t
o t
he
de
s
t
r
uc
t
i
on
o
f
s
ev
er
al
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
a
s
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
co
n
s
ecu
t
i
v
e w
ar
s
[1
4
]
.
T
h
us
,
t
he
ne
e
d t
o
m
oni
t
o
r
a
nd
c
o
nt
r
ol
h
om
e
a
ppl
i
a
nc
e
s
r
e
m
ot
e
l
y i
s
hi
g
hl
y
ne
e
de
d
i
n
s
uc
h a
s
i
t
ua
t
i
on
.
In
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
S
m
a
r
t
hom
e
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
i
s
de
s
i
g
ne
d a
nd
t
e
s
t
e
d t
o
o
ve
r
c
om
e
c
ha
l
l
e
n
ge
s
i
n
I
r
a
q
,
s
u
c
h
as
w
at
er
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
,
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
of
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y c
ons
u
m
pt
i
o
n a
n
d
bui
l
di
ng
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
t
o i
m
pr
o
ve
t
he
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
l
i
f
e
a
n
d c
o
m
f
or
t
.
T
he
r
e
s
t
of
t
hi
s
p
a
p
e
r a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
s
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
3 a
n
d
4 de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
ar
ch
i
t
ect
u
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
m
e
tho
dolo
gy
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
5
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
he
c
onc
l
us
i
on
i
s
e
xpl
a
i
ne
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
6.
2.
LI
TER
A
TU
R
E
S
U
R
V
E
Y
S
m
a
r
t
h
om
e
s
ba
s
e
d on
Io
T
te
c
h
no
log
y
ar
e
b
e
c
o
m
i
n
g m
or
e
a
n
d m
or
e
po
pu
la
r
.
Re
c
e
n
t
l
y
,
s
ev
er
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
ha
ve
b
e
e
n pr
o
po
s
e
d
d
i
ffe
r
e
n
t de
s
ign
s
.
[1
5
]
R
eco
m
m
en
d
e
d
h
ow
t
o t
r
a
c
k
t
he
he
a
l
t
h t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
of
t
he
i
n
di
vi
d
ua
l
(
B
P
,
p
ul
s
e
r
a
t
e
,
he
a
r
t
r
hyt
hm
,
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
)
a
n
d i
n
f
o
r
m
t
he
d
oc
t
or
whe
t
he
r
a
n a
b
no
r
m
a
l
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
d
ecr
eas
es
o
r
en
h
a
n
ces
s
h
i
f
t
s
.
P
eo
p
l
e at
r
i
s
k
can
b
e t
r
ac
k
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
al
ar
m
i
n
g
d
e
v
i
ce,
s
o
acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
i
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
y
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
r
i
s
e
o
r
d
e
c
l
i
n
e
i
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
(
BP
,
p
u
l
s
e
r
h
y
t
h
m
,
h
e
a
r
t
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
,
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
)
i
t
c
a
n
be
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
d
us
i
n
g a
D
HT
11
s
e
ns
o
r
a
nd
i
s
a
l
e
r
t
e
d
u
s
i
ng
a
n
a
l
a
r
m
i
ng
de
vi
c
e
o
r
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
e
ns
or
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
i
n
[
16]
,
t
he
y
de
ve
l
o
pe
d a
s
ys
t
e
m
t
ha
t
gi
ve
s
t
he
c
on
s
um
e
r
t
he
a
bi
l
i
t
y t
o
e
i
t
he
r
m
o
ni
t
or
t
h
e
i
r
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
b
y
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
r
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
v
o
i
c
e
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
i
s
a
l
l
o
w
s
u
s
e
r
s
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
a
ut
om
a
t
e
t
he
i
r
ho
m
e
w
i
t
h
out
t
he
ne
e
d
t
o
bu
y
e
x
pe
ns
i
ve
s
m
a
r
t
de
vi
c
e
s
;
ot
he
r
i
n
no
va
t
i
o
n
s
c
a
n
be
m
a
de
t
o t
hi
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
,
by
r
e
p
l
a
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
W
a
t
t
m
e
t
e
r
&
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
on
tr
ol
pa
c
ka
ge
[1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
n
u
al
el
ect
r
i
cal
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
c
a
n
b
e
t
r
i
g
g
e
r
e
d
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
l
o
g
g
i
n
g
i
s
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
s
i
n
c
e
E
S
P
8
2
6
6
E
S
P
-
12F
h
as
o
nl
y
1
A
D
C
,
i
m
pl
yi
ng
t
h
a
t
i
t
c
a
n
o
nl
y
u
s
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
l
y
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
,
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
s
t
a
t
e
d
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
n
t
he
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
a
ne
l
.
T
he
ne
w
a
p
pr
oa
c
he
s
t
o m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd t
he
hu
m
i
di
t
y w
e
r
e
de
ve
l
ope
d
,
as
ex
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
[1
8
]
.
T
h
e
a
u
thor
a
d
de
d
t
he
D
H
T
1
1 s
e
ns
or
t
o
t
h
e
I
oT
ba
s
e
d
s
m
a
r
t w
ind
ow
.
T
hi
s
pr
o
vi
de
s
t
he
w
i
n
do
w
pr
oc
e
s
s
w
i
t
h a
n e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
s
ol
u
t
i
on.
F
or
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
,
or
p
ha
na
ge
s
a
nd s
m
a
r
t
c
i
t
i
e
s
,
t
hi
s
w
i
l
l
be
ve
r
y be
ne
f
i
c
i
a
l
.
I
t
i
s
l
i
a
bl
e
f
or
t
he
n
or
m
a
l
m
a
i
nt
e
n
a
nc
e
o
f
t
he
r
oo
m
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
.
T
he
A
r
d
ui
n
o
i
s
l
i
n
ke
d
t
o
t
h
e
B
l
ue
t
oot
h
ne
t
wo
r
k
.
A
l
l
t
he
de
vi
c
e
s
c
a
n
be
o
pe
r
a
t
e
d wi
t
h t
he
A
r
d
ui
n
o
.
H
o
w
ev
e
r
,
t
o
l
i
n
k
t
o
t
h
e
Bl
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
i
t
h
a
s
t
o
b
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
s
h
o
r
t
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
[1
9
]
.
M
or
e
o
v
e
r
,
i
n t
he
f
i
e
l
d
of
a
s
m
a
r
t
ho
m
e
s
ys
t
e
m
t
ha
t
us
e
s
W
S
N
t
o
m
o
ni
t
or
/
c
ont
r
o
l
da
t
a
,
t
he
s
ol
ut
i
on i
s
di
s
c
us
s
e
d a
n
d
e
xpl
a
i
n
e
d
f
o
r
t
he
h
ou
s
e
a
ut
om
a
t
i
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
ba
s
e
d on I
o
T
,
w
hi
c
h f
oc
u
s
e
d on
t
h
e
t
ra
n
s
p
o
rt
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
a
rd
wa
re
,
s
o
ft
w
a
re
,
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
[
20
]
.
T
he
s
ol
ut
i
on
t
he
y
ga
ve
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
’
s
m
a
i
n
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
i
s
r
u
n
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
er
,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
l
o
cat
ed
at
h
o
m
e,
co
n
n
ect
ed
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
h
ous
e
ho
l
d
ap
p
l
i
an
c
e t
o
c
o
l
l
ect
d
at
a a
n
d
t
o
b
e t
h
e
c
en
t
r
al
d
ev
i
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
w
h
i
ch
i
s
c
o
n
n
ect
ed
t
o
t
h
e
s
er
v
e
r
.
T
h
e
ho
m
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
tion pr
ogr
a
m
t
h
a
t
h
as
b
een
b
u
i
l
t
can
b
e
o
p
er
at
e
d
ei
t
h
er
b
y
a
w
e
b
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
o
r
b
y
a
C
ha
bot
[
21]
.
H
o
we
ve
r
,
s
i
nc
e
t
he
t
e
xt
C
h
a
bot
i
s
us
e
d i
ns
t
e
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
voi
c
e
C
ha
bot
,
t
he
us
e
r
n
e
e
ds
t
o i
n
p
ut
c
om
m
a
n
ds
m
a
nua
l
l
y
,
whi
c
h not
o
nl
y
t
a
ke
s
m
o
r
e
t
i
m
e
but
i
s
a
l
s
o not
e
a
s
y
f
o
r
t
he
us
e
r
.
P
.
S
.
N
.
R
e
d
d
y,
e
t
a
l
.
[
22
]
ha
s
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
a
h
om
e
m
a
i
nt
e
na
nc
e
a
nd s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
hi
s
pa
p
e
r
f
oc
u
s
e
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
on a
d
dr
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
da
i
l
y p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
f
a
c
e
d
by
p
e
opl
e
i
n
Ne
pa
l
,
w
he
r
e
r
e
gul
a
r
p
o
we
r
c
ut
-
o
f
f
s
,
un
m
a
na
ge
d
ur
ba
ni
z
a
t
i
on,
l
a
c
k
of
m
a
n
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
i
r
r
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
f
i
s
h
e
r
i
e
s
a
r
e
a
p
p
a
r
e
n
t
.
M
o
s
t
r
es
ear
ch
e
r
s
us
e
d
ne
t
w
or
k c
l
o
uds
s
uc
h
a
s
B
L
YN
K
F
r
a
m
e
w
o
rk
,
w
hi
c
h c
a
n
be
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
e
d
e
a
s
i
l
y
b
y I
OS
o
r
A
n
dr
oi
d a
p
ps
t
o
c
ont
r
ol
A
r
d
ui
n
o,
R
a
s
p
be
r
r
y
P
i
a
nd
t
he
ot
he
r
m
i
c
r
oc
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
s
t
h
a
t
w
o
r
k
o
ve
r
t
he
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
.
M
or
e
o
ve
r
,
N
E
T
P
I
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k c
a
n
b
e
t
he
opt
i
m
um
c
hoi
c
e
t
o f
ul
f
i
l
l
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
N
E
T
P
I
i
s
a
l
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
BL
Y
N
K
e
x
c
e
p
t
w
i
t
h
a
b
i
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
n
BL
Y
N
K
.
3.
S
M
A
RT
S
Y
S
T
E
M
A
R
C
H
I
T
E
CT
U
RE
T
he
c
o
r
ne
r
s
t
o
ne
of
t
o
da
y’
s
p
r
oj
e
c
t
i
s
t
h
e
w
i
-
fi
c
o
m
pa
tib
le
bo
a
r
d th
a
t
n
e
e
ds
no in
tr
od
u
c
tion;
t
he
N
o
de
MC
U
de
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
boa
r
d
ba
s
e
d
o
n t
he
E
S
P
8
26
6.
I
t
i
s
a
n
ope
n
-
s
our
c
e
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
t
o
pr
odu
c
e
W
i
F
i
-
ba
s
e
d
e
m
be
dde
d s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd
i
s
b
a
s
e
d o
n
t
he
po
p
ul
a
r
E
S
P
8
26
6 wi
-
f
i
m
o
dul
e
r
un
ni
n
g t
he
L
ua
b
a
s
e
d
No
d
e
M
C
U
fi
rm
w
a
re
[2
2
,
2
3]
.
E
S
P
82
66
N
ode
MC
U
i
s
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
a
).
F
u
rt
h
e
rm
o
re
,
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
/
hum
i
di
t
y
s
e
n
s
or
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
b
)
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
D
HT
.
It
i
s
m
e
a
s
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
(
T
)
a
n
d
(
H
)
de
l
i
ve
r
i
ng
c
om
pa
t
i
bl
e
a
dva
nc
e
d
yi
e
l
d.
D
H
T
i
s
a
l
o
w
-
c
os
t
opt
i
c
a
l
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
h
um
i
di
t
y s
e
ns
or
.
T
hi
s
s
e
ns
or
c
a
n
be
c
on
ve
ni
e
n
t
l
y
a
t
t
a
c
he
d
t
o
a
ny
m
i
c
r
oc
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
s
uc
h
a
s
A
r
d
ui
n
o
a
n
d
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
.
I
n
or
de
r
t
o m
e
a
s
ur
e
h
um
i
di
t
y
a
nd t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
ns
t
a
nt
a
ne
ou
s
l
y,
t
h
e
s
e
ns
or
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d r
e
l
i
a
bl
e
a
n
d
s
t
a
bl
e
d
ue
t
o t
he
e
xc
l
us
i
ve
d
i
gi
t
a
l
s
i
gna
l
a
n
d
da
t
a r
eal
i
zat
i
o
n
-
b
as
ed
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
/
Hu
m
i
di
t
y s
e
ns
i
n
g m
o
dul
e
.
I
t
gi
ve
s
u
nw
a
v
e
r
i
n
g hi
g
h qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd
long
-
h
a
ul
d
e
pe
n
da
bi
l
i
t
y
[1
9
,
2
4]
.
T
h
e
r
el
ay
m
o
d
u
l
e i
s
an
el
ect
r
i
cal
l
y
ope
r
a
t
e
d
de
vi
c
e
t
ha
t
c
a
n
be
t
ur
ne
d
ON
or
OF
F
,
l
e
t
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
m
ove
t
h
r
o
u
gh
o
r
n
ot
,
a
nd
c
a
n
be
m
a
n
a
ge
d
a
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
87
08
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g,
V
o
l
.
11
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
20
21
:
442
-
4
50
4
44
l
ow
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
,
s
uc
h a
s
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
pr
o
vi
de
d
b
y t
he
N
O
DE
MC
U
.
Ma
na
gi
ng
t
he
A
r
d
ui
n
o r
e
l
a
y m
o
dul
e
i
s
a
s
e
a
s
y a
s
m
a
na
g
i
ng a
ny
ot
he
r
out
put
,
a
s
de
pi
c
t
e
d i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
.
T
he
s
u
n
de
l
i
ve
r
s
i
t
s
e
ne
r
g
y t
o
us
a
s
he
a
t
a
nd
l
i
g
h
t
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
s
o
l
a
r
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
a
t
t
r
a
p
h
e
a
t
t
o
w
a
r
m
w
at
er
an
d
s
o
l
ar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
ai
c s
y
s
t
em
s
t
h
a
t
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
d
).
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
a
r
e
e
x
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
,
t
h
e
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
(
D
C)
[2
5
,
26
]
.
Be
s
i
d
es
,
t
h
e S
n
O
2
-
b
a
s
ed
g
as
l
i
q
u
e
f
i
e
d
p
e
t
r
o
l
e
u
m
g
a
s
(
L
P
G
)
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
m
i
l
d
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
c
l
e
a
n
a
i
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
e
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
m
o
d
u
l
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
i
s
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
h
i
g
h
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
g
a
s
f
o
r
pr
o
pa
ne
,
L
P
G,
h
yd
r
o
ge
n,
m
e
t
ha
ne
,
a
n
d t
he
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
e
a
m
.
T
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
M
Q
-
2
s
e
ns
or
i
s
c
o
ns
i
de
r
e
d
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
l
y
h
i
g
h
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
e
’
s
c
o
s
t
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
[
27
,
28]
.
Th
e
V
H
he
a
t
e
r
v
ol
t
a
ge
p
r
o
vi
de
s
t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
w
i
t
h
t
he
w
or
k
i
ng
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
w
hi
l
e
V
C
d
i
s
c
ove
r
s
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
ove
r
t
he
l
oa
d
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
VR
L
.
T
he
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y o
f
t
he
pr
o
po
s
e
d s
e
ns
o
r
c
a
n
be
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
b
y us
i
ng a
r
e
a
s
o
na
bl
e
RL
t
o
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
(
1
)
[2
7
]
.
=
∗
(
+
)
(
1)
W
he
r
e
,
P
s
:
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
ve
p
ow
e
r
of
t
he
bo
d
y,
Vc
:
L
o
op
v
ol
t
a
ge
,
R
s
:
S
en
s
i
n
g
r
e
s
i
s
t
an
ce,
R
L
:
L
o
ad
r
es
i
s
t
a
n
ce.
F
o
r
m
o
r
e
c
l
a
r
i
t
y
,
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
(
e
)
de
pi
c
t
s
t
he
pr
o
po
s
e
d
m
o
dul
e
a
n
d s
c
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y.
P
I
R
s
e
ns
or
i
s
t
he
a
b
br
e
vi
a
t
i
on
de
r
i
ve
d f
r
om
“
P
a
s
s
i
ve
I
n
f
r
a
r
e
d”
o
r
“
I
R
m
ot
i
on
.
”
T
he
pr
op
os
e
d
s
e
ns
or
i
s
c
o
ns
i
de
r
e
d
l
o
w
-
c
o
s
t
,
e
a
s
y
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
,
s
m
a
l
l
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
po
w
e
r
c
o
ns
u
m
pt
i
on
.
T
he
P
I
R
m
od
ul
e
c
o
ns
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
p
yr
oe
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
s
e
n
s
o
r
t
h
a
t
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
I
n
a
ddi
t
i
on,
t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
i
s
m
a
de
i
n t
w
o
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
p
a
r
t
s
.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
h
ni
q
ue
of
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
i
s
c
a
r
r
i
e
d o
ut
be
c
a
us
e
t
he
s
e
ns
or
a
i
m
s
n
ot
o
nl
y t
o de
t
e
c
t
t
he
c
or
r
e
s
po
ndi
n
g
m
o
t
i
o
n
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
t
o
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
t
h
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
e
a
c
h
h
a
l
f
w
i
l
l
f
i
n
i
s
h
e
a
c
h
ot
he
r
s
o t
ha
t
i
f
o
ne
-
ha
l
f
s
e
ns
e
s
l
o
w
I
R
r
a
di
a
t
i
on,
t
he
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
c
a
n s
w
i
t
c
h hi
gh
or
l
ow
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
(
f
)
.
F
i
n
al
l
y
,
a
n
a
n
em
o
m
et
er
i
s
a
d
e
v
i
ce
u
s
e
d
t
o
ca
l
cu
l
at
e w
i
n
d
s
p
eed
a
n
d
i
s
f
a
m
ed
t
o
b
e a
n
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
g
)
.
T
he
a
ne
m
om
e
t
e
r
i
s
d
e
s
i
gne
d f
o
r
o
ut
d
oo
r
e
qui
pm
e
nt
t
o
p
a
s
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
e
a
s
i
l
y
.
N
o
n
et
h
el
es
s
,
m
o
s
t
r
es
ear
c
h
p
ap
e
r
s
a
n
d
i
n
i
t
i
at
i
v
es
ar
e
n
o
t
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
at
i
n
g
s
u
ch
a r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e f
eat
u
r
e
as
t
he
w
i
n
d
s
pe
e
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
g
g
es
t
ed
.
T
h
i
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
i
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
f
e
at
u
r
e
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
act
er
i
s
t
i
cs
o
f
t
h
e
w
e
at
h
er
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
i
s
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
,
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
BL
Y
N
K
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
by
(
9
-
1
2
)
V
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
[
30
]
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
I
ndi
v
i
dua
l
s
ys
t
e
m
c
om
po
ne
nt
s
4.
M
E
T
H
O
D
O
L
O
G
Y
I
n
t
hi
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n,
t
he
de
vi
c
e
s
wi
l
l
be
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
us
i
ng
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
s
e
r
vi
c
e
,
l
i
n
ki
n
g t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
s
t
o t
he
n
o
de
s
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
l
i
n
g
t
he
s
e
de
vi
c
e
s
r
e
m
ot
e
l
y s
uc
h
t
ha
t
t
he
s
m
a
r
t
s
ys
t
e
m
wa
s
b
u
i
l
t
t
o c
a
r
r
y t
he
t
a
s
ks
o
f
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
out
.
T
w
o
ki
n
ds
of
ne
t
w
or
k
pl
a
t
f
or
m
s
we
r
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
N
o
d
e
M
C
U
t
h
a
t
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
t
he
ho
us
e
h
ol
d
de
vi
c
e
s
.
O
ne
of
t
he
s
e
pl
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
i
s
t
he
B
L
Y
N
K
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
one
of
t
he
ph
on
e
s
sy
s
t
e
m
s
-
b
a
s
ed
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
w
i
t
h
a
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
a
c
t
i
v
e
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
i
n
s
i
n
g
l
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
d
e
s
i
g
n
(G
U
I
).
U
n
d
e
r
t
h
i
s
a
c
t
,
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
c
a
n
b
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
d
w
i
t
h
BL
Y
N
K
t
o
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
a
s
u
bs
y
s
t
e
m
.
D
e
pe
n
di
n
g o
n
t
hi
s
a
s
s
u
m
pt
i
o
n,
N
E
T
P
I
pl
a
t
f
or
m
c
a
n
be
t
h
e
opt
i
m
um
c
h
oi
c
e
due
t
o i
t
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y t
o
cu
s
t
o
m
i
ze
s
ev
e
r
al
m
i
c
r
oc
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
s
’
c
o
nne
c
t
i
vi
t
y
wi
t
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
pr
og
r
a
m
m
i
ng
m
e
t
h
od
ol
og
y.
T
he
s
u
pe
r
vi
s
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
en
t
i
r
e
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
e
ls
s
how
n
in
F
igu
r
e
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
87
08
I
oT
b
as
e
d
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
c
om
p
ar
i
s
o
n
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
w
o
w
e
l
l
-
k
no
w
n
n
e
tw
or
k
pla
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
.
.
.
(
S
am
e
e
r
A
l
ani
)
4
45
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
he
ove
r
a
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
t
h
od
ol
o
gy
4.
1.
N
ETP
I
ba
s
e
d
N
O
D
E
M
CU
1
I
n t
hi
s
wo
r
k
,
t
he
c
on
ne
c
t
i
o
n
of
e
ach
N
O
D
E
M
C
U
d
i
f
f
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
each
o
t
h
er
.
E
a
c
h
N
O
DE
M
C
U w
i
l
l
be
a
s
s
i
g
ne
d
t
o
pe
r
f
or
m
a
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
t
a
s
k.
N
O
D
E
MC
U
1 c
o
n
t
r
ol
s
t
he
q
ua
d
r
upl
e
r
e
l
a
y
p
or
t
s
t
h
r
o
u
gh
t
he
di
gi
t
a
l
p
i
n
s
s
u
c
h
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
p
i
n
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
rt
s
o
f
t
h
e
re
l
a
y
fr
o
m
(I
N
1
–
IN
4
)
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
he
VC
C
a
nd
G
ND
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
s
of
t
he
r
e
l
a
y
a
r
e
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d t
o t
he
N
O
D
E
MC
U
1
.
T
he
ot
he
r
s
i
de
o
f
t
he
r
e
l
a
y
c
o
nt
r
ol
s
f
ou
r
de
vi
c
e
s
de
f
i
ne
d b
y
t
he
l
i
ght
s
ys
t
e
m
o
f
t
he
h
ou
s
e
,
t
he
HV
A
C
(
H
e
a
t
i
n
g,
ve
nt
i
l
a
t
i
on,
a
nd a
i
r
c
o
n
di
t
i
oni
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
s
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
e
t
c
.
T
h
e h
o
us
e
de
vi
c
e
s
c
a
n
be
t
ur
ne
d O
N
/
O
F
F
m
a
n
ua
l
l
y ba
s
e
d on
t
h
e
d
eci
s
i
o
n
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
4.
2.
N
ETP
I
ba
s
e
d
N
O
D
E
M
CU
2
T
he
NO
DE
M
C
U2 i
s
c
h
os
e
n
t
o m
oni
t
o
r
a
n
d de
t
e
c
t
t
he
e
x
i
s
t
e
nc
e
o
f
ga
s
l
e
a
ka
ge
i
n t
he
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
nt
r
e
m
ot
e
l
y.
T
he
L
P
G
ga
s
s
e
ns
o
r
i
s
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
N
O
D
E
MC
U
2
a
c
r
os
s
o
ne
o
f
t
he
di
gi
t
a
l
pi
n
s
,
V
C
C
a
nd
G
ND
.
I
n
or
de
r
T
o m
e
a
s
ur
e
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
n
d
hu
m
i
di
t
y,
t
he
D
H
T
11
s
e
n
s
o
r
i
s
us
e
d a
nd
c
o
n
ne
c
t
e
d t
o
N
O
D
E
MC
U
2
a
c
r
os
s
VC
C
t
o
3
.
3
V
pi
n,
G
N
D
t
o
G
N
D a
n
d
t
he
da
t
a
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
t
o
o
ne
o
f
t
he
di
gi
t
a
l
pi
ns
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
,
t
he
p
ow
e
r
sy
st
e
m
-
b
a
s
ed
P
V
p
an
el
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
ed
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
i
n
ct
i
v
e p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e s
m
ar
t
h
o
u
s
e d
u
e t
o
t
h
e
n
eces
s
i
t
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
cl
ean
en
er
gy
p
r
ov
ide
d
by
s
un
r
a
dia
tio
n
to r
e
duc
e
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
el
ect
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
.
M
eas
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
ag
e an
d
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
t
he
ba
t
t
e
r
y
r
e
m
ot
e
l
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h t
he
a
na
l
o
g
pi
n
(
AD
C
0)
o
f
N
O
D
E
MC
U
2 a
n
d t
he
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
f
o
r
t
he
P
V
us
e
d
s
h
a
l
l
be
a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
-
P
e
a
k
po
w
e
r
=
3
W
pow
e
r
-
M
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
c
u
r
re
n
t
(I
m
p
)
=
0
.
3
4
A
-
O
pe
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t
v
ol
t
a
ge
(
V
oc
)
=
12
V
T
h
e
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
c
e
l
l
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
s
a
l
i
t
h
i
u
m
-
i
o
n ba
t
te
r
y
(
12V
,
1
.
2A
)
,
s
ta
ndb
y
(
13
.
5
–
1
3
.
8
)V
a
nd c
yc
l
e
us
e
(
14
.
4
–
1
5)
V
.
T
o
i
nt
e
ns
i
f
y t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
,
we
pl
a
n
ne
d t
o l
i
nk
4 p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
P
V
p
a
n
el
s
as
s
een
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
i
n
o
r
de
r
t
o
ge
t
t
he
f
ol
l
o
wi
n
g
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
opt
i
o
ns
s
h
ow
n
i
n
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
a
n
d
(
4
)
:
4
∗
=
1
.
36
(
2)
4
∗
=
12
(
3)
=
∗
→
1
.
2
∗
12
=
14
.
4
(
4)
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
F
ou
r
P
V
pa
ne
l
s
c
on
ne
c
t
e
d
i
n
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
T
h
e
r
es
t
o
f
t
h
e I
o
T
s
y
s
t
em
p
ar
t
s
t
h
at
ar
e
co
n
n
ect
ed
can
b
e m
o
d
el
ed
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
t
h
e d
e
s
i
r
e
d
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
nt
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
d
e
s
c
r
i
be
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
87
08
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g,
V
o
l
.
11
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
20
21
:
442
-
4
50
4
46
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
O
ve
r
a
l
l
I
oT
s
ys
t
e
m
c
on
ne
c
t
i
o
n
4.
3.
BLY
N
K
b
a
s
e
d
N
O
D
E
M
C
U
3
A
s
s
h
o
w
n i
n F
i
gu
r
e
4,
N
O
D
E
MC
U
3 i
s
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
r
e
s
p
o
ns
i
bl
e
f
or
c
o
nt
r
ol
l
i
n
g t
he
w
i
n
d s
pe
e
d a
nd
m
ot
i
o
n s
e
ns
or
s
vi
a
B
L
Y
N
K
pl
a
t
f
or
m
.
T
he
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
pa
r
t
i
s
t
ha
t
we
c
oul
d
us
e
t
he
P
V
pa
ne
l
s
t
o
c
ha
r
ge
t
he
ba
t
t
e
r
y t
h
r
o
u
gh
N
O
D
E
MC
U
2 a
nd
p
r
ovi
de
t
he
wi
n
d s
p
e
e
d s
e
n
s
or
by
th
e
r
e
quir
e
d
p
ow
e
r
t
hr
oug
h
N
O
D
E
MC
U
3.
H
e
nc
e
,
t
he
ove
r
a
l
l
s
u
pe
r
v
i
s
i
on m
e
t
h
od
o
l
og
y i
s
s
a
t
i
s
f
i
e
d s
uc
h
t
ha
t
t
he
w
h
ol
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
de
pe
n
de
nt
r
e
g
a
r
dl
e
s
s
of
t
he
s
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d ne
t
w
o
r
k
pl
a
t
f
or
m
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
us
e
d t
o i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
w
i
t
h t
he
a
va
i
l
a
bl
e
N
OD
E
M
C
U
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
.
B
L
Y
NK
p
l
a
t
f
or
m
ne
e
ds
t
o
be
c
o
n
f
i
gu
r
e
d a
n
d
r
e
gi
s
t
e
r
e
d
u
s
i
n
g a
n
e
m
a
i
l
s
uc
h t
h
a
t
a
n
y
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
d
e
s
i
g
n
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
e
d
b
y
a
n
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
d
e
s
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
b
y
BL
Y
N
K
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
he
a
ut
he
nt
i
c
a
t
i
on
c
ode
a
l
o
n
gs
i
de
w
i
t
h t
he
S
S
I
D
a
nd
t
h
e
pa
s
s
w
or
d
o
f
t
he
ne
t
w
or
k
s
t
a
t
i
on m
us
t
be
i
nc
l
u
de
d i
n
t
he
p
r
o
gr
a
m
m
i
ng c
ode
o
f
N
O
DE
MC
U3
.
T
he
B
L
Y
N
K
p
r
oj
e
c
t
de
s
i
g
n c
ont
a
i
n
s
t
w
o ga
ge
s
t
o
s
ho
w t
he
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
a
n
d t
h
e
hu
m
i
di
t
y t
hr
ou
g
h a
n
a
d
di
t
i
ona
l
D
H
T
1
1 s
e
ns
or
.
I
n a
d
di
t
i
on,
t
he
a
ne
m
om
e
t
e
r
id
e
n
tif
ie
d b
y
t
h
e
w
ind
s
pe
e
d s
e
n
s
o
r
i
s
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d t
o
NO
D
E
MC
U
3
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
a
na
l
o
g
pi
n
(
A
D
C
0)
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
t
o t
he
p
o
we
r
gi
ve
n
f
r
om
t
he
b
a
t
t
e
r
y t
o
m
e
a
s
ur
e
t
he
s
pe
e
d
o
f
t
he
w
i
n
d
out
do
o
r
,
w
hi
c
h
w
i
l
l
be
s
e
e
n a
s
a
not
he
r
ga
ge
i
n
t
he
pl
a
t
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
BL
Y
N
K
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
d
e
s
i
g
n
A
s
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5,
we
us
e
d t
w
o
t
ool
s
a
va
i
l
a
bl
e
i
n B
L
YN
K.
T
he
s
e
t
ool
s
a
r
e
t
he
“
E
ve
nt
or
”
a
n
d
t
h
e
“
N
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
.
T
h
e
s
e
t
w
o
t
o
o
l
s
a
r
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
(
P
I
R
)
s
u
c
h
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
e
n
s
e
t
h
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
n
y
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
P
I
R t
h
r
o
u
g
h t
he
“
E
ve
nt
or
”
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
t
o t
h
e
pi
n
t
ha
t
t
he
P
I
R
i
s
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
N
O
D
E
M
C
U
3
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
t
h
a
t
h
o
l
d
BL
Y
N
K
w
i
l
l
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
a
n
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
t
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
m
o
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
87
08
I
oT
b
as
e
d
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
c
om
p
ar
i
s
o
n
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
w
o
w
e
l
l
-
k
no
w
n
n
e
tw
or
k
pla
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
.
.
.
(
S
am
e
e
r
A
l
ani
)
4
47
5.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
ND
DI
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
T
he
o
ve
r
a
l
l
s
ys
t
e
m
be
ha
v
e
s
by
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
us
e
r
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
w
e
r
e
i
t
e
m
i
z
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
.
T
he
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
of
t
he
m
od
ul
e
s
c
om
pl
e
t
e
t
he
t
a
s
ks
o
f
e
a
c
h
ot
he
r
un
de
r
t
he
s
u
p
e
r
vi
s
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
s
up
e
r
vi
s
o
r
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y,
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
n
d
h
u
m
i
di
t
y s
e
ns
or
m
eas
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
out
put
t
hr
o
u
gh
t
he
D
H
T
11
s
e
ns
o
r
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
he
i
ns
t
r
um
e
nt
us
e
d f
or
t
he
ga
s
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on
(
M
Q
2)
pa
s
s
e
s
t
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
o
f
a
i
r
qua
l
i
t
y
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
di
gi
t
a
l
pi
n
s
uc
h
t
ha
t
(
0)
i
n
di
c
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
r
e
i
s
n
o
ga
s
l
e
a
k,
(
1)
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
ha
t
a
l
e
a
k
i
s
de
t
e
c
t
e
d.
T
h
e
ke
y
i
s
s
ue
de
s
c
r
i
be
d a
bo
ve
i
s
t
ha
t
,
u
nl
i
ke
t
he
ot
he
r
s
e
r
ve
r
s
,
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
t
o
u
s
e
m
or
e
t
ha
n
o
ne
m
i
c
r
oc
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
t
o
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
(
i
n
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
,
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
G
U
I
)
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
u
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
BL
Y
N
K
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
,
i
t
i
s
a
i
m
e
d
t
o om
i
t
t
he
f
l
o
wc
ha
r
t
o
f
t
he
de
vi
c
e
’
s
w
o
r
k un
de
r
t
he
s
u
pe
r
vi
s
i
o
n of
N
O
DE
M
C
U3.
F
or
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
t
o
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
a
p
r
e
c
a
u
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
u
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
c
on
di
t
i
o
ns
.
M
o
r
e
o
ve
r
,
t
he
w
i
n
d s
e
n
s
or
p
r
og
r
a
m
m
i
ng
m
a
nne
r
c
a
n
be
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
by
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
i
n
g
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
s
t
a
t
e
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
a
l
w
i
n
d
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
a
r
e
d
et
er
m
i
n
ed
acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
(5
)
a
nd
(
6)
a
s
f
ol
l
o
w
s
:
(
−
)
=
(
0
.
01
−
0
)
(
5)
(
−
)
=
(
1
.
30
−
32
)
(
6)
T
h
e
a
dj
us
t
m
e
n
t
f
a
c
t
or
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
om
pl
i
s
he
d
b
y
di
vi
di
ng
t
he
di
gi
t
a
l
c
o
ns
t
a
nt
i
nt
o t
he
a
na
l
o
g
r
a
n
g
e
w
hi
c
h gi
ve
s
(
0
.
0
05
)
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n be
us
e
d
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
he
s
p
e
e
d o
f
t
he
wi
n
d
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
a
na
l
o
g pi
n
(
A
D
C
0)
o
f
N
O
DE
MC
U
3
by
s
a
t
i
s
f
yi
n
g
(
7)
a
s
f
ol
l
o
ws
:
A
n
em
o
m
eter
=
(
0
)
∗
0
.
005
(
7)
A
s
a
f
i
na
l
s
p
ot
l
i
ght
,
NO
D
E
MC
U
m
i
c
r
o
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
r
de
a
l
s
onl
y
w
i
t
h 3
.
3
V
a
s
a
r
e
g
ul
a
r
vol
t
a
ge
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t
of
t
hi
s
,
t
he
1
2V
ba
t
t
e
r
y
v
ol
t
a
g
e
m
us
t
be
s
t
e
p
pe
d
d
ow
n t
o 3
.
3
V a
c
r
os
s
v
ol
t
a
ge
di
vi
de
r
r
o
l
e
a
s
a
ppl
i
e
d
i
n
t
he
ove
r
a
l
l
c
o
n
ne
c
t
i
on
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
a
n
d
gi
ve
n
i
n
(
8)
:
2
=
2
1
+
2
∗
(
8)
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
i
s
t
o
r
s
R
1
an
d
R
2
ar
e
s
p
eci
f
i
ed
b
y
(
1
5
an
d
5
)
k
Ω
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
,
w
i
t
h
r
es
p
ect
t
o
t
he
1
2V
ba
t
t
e
r
y a
s
t
he
i
n
p
ut
v
ol
t
a
ge
ba
s
e
d o
n t
he
c
o
nne
c
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
ne
r
e
x
pos
e
d
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
l
y i
n F
i
g
ur
e
4.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
H
V
A
C
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
h
e
a
t
i
n
g
,
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
i
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
t
he
h
ou
s
e
b
ot
h
a
r
e
de
pe
nde
nt
on s
i
t
ua
t
i
ona
l
c
on
di
t
i
on
s
,
w
hi
c
h s
u
pp
os
e
d
t
o be
c
ont
r
ol
l
e
d e
ve
n m
a
n
u
a
l
l
y or
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
r
e
m
o
t
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
d
e
p
i
c
t
e
d
i
n
N
E
T
P
I
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
a
l
o
n
g
s
i
d
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
ot
he
r
o
ut
p
u
t
of
t
he
s
e
ns
or
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
N
E
T
P
I
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
i
n
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
87
08
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g,
V
o
l
.
11
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
20
21
:
442
-
4
50
4
48
T
he
c
on
di
t
i
on
of
t
h
e w
eat
h
er
w
as
r
e
co
r
d
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
9
th
o
f
J
a
n
ua
r
y 2
0
20
a
t
t
he
“
R
os
ha
nbi
r
y”
z
o
ne
,
E
r
b
il g
ov
e
r
nor
a
te
-
I
r
a
q ov
e
r
c
oo
r
d
in
a
tion (
36
.
13
85
°
N,
44
.
0
342
°
E
)
f
or
12
hou
r
s
f
r
o
m
(
17
:00
–
4
:
0
0
).
F
i
na
l
l
y,
t
he
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
r
e
s
ul
t
s
a
r
e
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
7
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
O
v
er
al
l
w
eat
h
e
r
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
6.
C
O
N
CL
U
S
I
O
N
T
h
i
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
a
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
,
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
c
os
t
s
m
a
r
t
h
ous
e
s
ys
t
e
m
.
U
nde
r
t
he
gu
i
da
nc
e
o
f
I
oT
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
,
t
h
e s
y
s
t
em
ca
n
act
an
d
e
f
f
ect
i
v
el
y
a
ut
om
a
t
e
s
r
e
m
ot
e
e
n
vi
r
o
nm
e
nt
s
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
m
a
i
n
l
y
t
o
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
N
E
T
P
I
a
n
d
B
L
Y
N
K
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
.
N
E
T
P
I
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
e
d
t
h
a
t
m
a
ny
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
ou
l
d
be
f
ul
f
i
l
l
e
d us
i
ng
s
e
ve
r
a
l
m
od
ul
e
s
un
de
r
t
he
s
upe
r
vi
s
i
on
of
t
he
m
a
i
n
s
u
pe
r
vi
s
o
r
.
H
o
w
e
ve
r
,
BL
Y
N
K
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
’
de
s
i
g
n
i
n
a
u
ni
q
ue
s
ol
e
G
UI
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
w
he
n
m
or
e
t
ha
n
o
ne
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
us
e
d.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
,
t
he
c
os
t
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d
e
x
pe
ns
i
ve
d
ue
t
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
i
m
i
t
s
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
BL
Y
N
K
t
h
a
t
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
t
h
e
i
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
O
n
t
he
ot
h
e
r
ha
n
d,
t
h
e
BL
Y
N
K
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
i
s
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
,
he
l
p
f
ul
a
n
d e
a
s
y t
o
de
s
i
g
n
c
ons
i
de
r
a
bl
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
l
e
s
s
t
i
m
e
,
u
n
l
i
k
e
the
N
E
T
P
I p
l
a
t
fo
rm
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
g
r
eat
e
f
f
or
t
t
o
de
a
l
w
i
t
h
t
he
c
om
pl
e
xi
t
y
of
t
he
pr
o
gr
a
m
m
i
n
g
m
a
n
ne
r
.
A
C
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
ME
NT
S
W
e
w
o
u
l
d
l
i
k
e
t
o
t
h
a
n
k
o
u
r
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
(
A
L
K
I
T
A
B
U
N
I
V
E
RS
I
T
Y
)
p
r
e
c
i
s
e
l
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
,
f
o
r
t
he
i
r
s
u
pp
o
r
t
a
nd c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g t
he
a
p
pr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
r
e
q
ui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y du
r
i
ng o
ur
s
t
ud
y
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
r
oj
e
c
t
pe
r
i
o
d.
R
EF
ER
E
N
C
ES
[1]
S
.
A.
Hu
sse
i
n
, et
al
.
,
“
A
N
e
w
H
y
bri
d T
e
c
hn
i
que
t
o Im
prove
t
h
e
P
a
t
h S
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
i
n
Re
duc
i
ng
E
n
e
rg
y Cons
um
pt
i
on
i
n
Mo
b
i
l
e
AD
-
HO
C
Ne
t
wo
r
k
s,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
o
f
A
ppl
ie
d
En
g
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
Re
s
ea
r
c
h
,
vo
l
.
12
,
no
.
3
,
pp.
277
-
282
,
2017.
[2]
B.
Bohora
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
IoT
Ba
s
e
d S
m
a
rt
H
om
e
U
s
i
ng Bl
yn
k F
ra
m
e
w
ork,
”
Z
e
r
one
Sc
h
ol
ar
,
vo
l
.
1
,
no.
1,
pp.
26
-
3
0,
2016.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g
IS
S
N
:
208
8
-
87
08
I
oT
b
as
e
d
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
c
om
p
ar
i
s
o
n
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
w
o
w
e
l
l
-
k
no
w
n
n
e
tw
or
k
pla
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
.
.
.
(
S
am
e
e
r
A
l
ani
)
4
49
[3]
T
.
A
di
ono,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Curt
a
i
n
c
on
t
r
ol
s
ys
t
e
m
s
d
e
ve
l
opm
e
nt
on
m
e
s
h w
i
re
l
e
s
s
n
e
t
w
or
k of
t
h
e
s
m
a
rt
h
om
e
,
”
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
al
E
ng
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng and
Inf
or
m
at
i
c
s
(B
E
E
I)
,
vo
l
.
7,
n
o.
4,
p
p.
61
5
-
625,
2018
.
[4]
O.
S
.
Al
-
H
eet
y
,
Z
. Z
ak
ar
i
a
, M
.
I
s
m
ai
l
, M
. M
.
S
h
ak
i
r
, S
. A
l
an
i
, an
d
H
. A
l
s
ar
i
er
a,
“
A
Com
pre
he
ns
i
ve
S
urve
y:
Be
ne
fi
t
s
,
S
e
rvi
c
e
s
,
Re
c
e
nt
W
or
ks
,
Cha
l
l
e
nge
s
,
S
e
c
uri
t
y
,
a
nd U
s
e
Ca
s
e
s
for S
D
N
-
VANE
T
,
”
I
E
E
E
A
cces
s
,
v
o
l
. 8
,
pp.
91028
–
9104
7,
2020
.
[5]
S
. A
l
an
i
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
S
t
udy Re
vi
e
w
on M
obi
l
e
A
d
-
H
oc
N
e
t
w
ork :
Cha
ra
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
Cha
l
l
e
nge
s
a
n
d
Rout
i
ng P
rot
o
c
o
l
s
Cl
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
Sc
i
e
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hno
l
ogy
,
vo
l
.
28,
no
.
1
,
pp.
394
-
405
,
20
19.
[6]
R
. A
. R
ah
m
an
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
Io
T
b
a
s
e
d t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd hum
i
di
t
y
m
oni
t
or
i
ng fra
m
e
w
ork,
”
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
al
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng and
Inf
or
m
at
i
c
s
(
B
E
E
I
)
,
vo
l
.
9,
no.
1,
pp.
9
-
11,
2020.
[7]
A.
H.
Al
i
,
et
al
.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
m
oni
t
ori
ng s
ys
t
e
m
fo
r pr
e
s
s
ure
re
gul
a
t
or
ba
s
e
d on
IoT
,”
In
t
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
ou
r
nal
of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
a
l
and
Com
put
er
En
g
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
(IJ
E
CE
)
,
vo
l
.
9,
no.
5,
pp
.
3450
-
345
6,
2019
.
[8]
A
. M
. F
ah
ad
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
N
s
2 ba
s
e
d
pe
rform
a
nc
e
c
o
m
pa
ri
s
on s
t
udy
be
t
w
e
e
n
ds
r a
nd
a
odv pro
t
oc
ol
s
,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
a
n
ced
T
re
n
d
s
i
n
Com
put
er
Sc
i
en
ce a
n
d
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
vo
l
.
8,
no.
1,
pp.
379
-
393,
20
19.
[9]
A
. A
.
J
ab
er
,
et
al
.
,
“
Int
e
rne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
ba
s
e
d
i
nd
us
t
ri
a
l
e
nvi
ronm
e
nt
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
a
nd c
ont
ro
l
:
A
d
e
s
i
gn a
ppro
a
c
h,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
o
ur
nal
of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
al
and
Com
put
er
E
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
(IJ
E
CE
)
,
vol
.
9
,
no
.
6,
pp.
4657
-
466
7,
2019
.
[10]
S
. A
l
an
i
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
ne
w
e
ne
rgy
c
ons
um
pt
i
on
t
e
c
hni
que
for
m
ob
i
l
e
A
d
-
H
oc
ne
t
w
orks
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
J
our
nal
of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
a
l
and
C
om
put
er
E
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
(IJ
E
CE
)
, v
o
l
. 9
, n
o
.
5,
p
p.
41
4
7
-
4153,
2019
.
[11]
M
. A
. S
a
ad
,
et
al
.
,
“
P
e
rform
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
on
i
m
prove
m
e
n
t
of
e
ne
rgy c
ons
um
p
t
i
on i
n
a
dhoc
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
ne
t
w
ork,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
o
ur
nal
of
A
dv
a
nc
e
d
S
ci
en
ce a
n
d
T
e
c
hnol
o
gy
,
vol
.
29,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
41
28
-
4137,
2020
.
[12]
S.
A
. R
a
s
h
i
d
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
P
re
di
c
t
i
on b
a
s
e
d
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
t
m
ul
t
i
-
hop
c
l
us
t
e
ri
ng a
ppro
a
c
h
w
i
t
h a
d
a
pt
i
v
e
re
l
a
y
node
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
f
o
r
V
A
N
E
T
,”
J
our
nal
of
Com
m
un
i
c
at
i
ons
,
vo
l
.
15,
n
o.
4
,
pp
.
332
-
34
4,
2020
.
[13]
M
a
hm
ood,
S
.
N
.
,
et
al
.,
“
G
S
M
ba
s
e
d ga
s
l
e
a
k
m
o
ni
t
ori
ng s
ys
t
e
m
,”
Pe
r
io
d
ic
a
ls
o
f
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng and
Nat
ur
al
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
vol
.
7
, n
o
.
2,
p
p.
670
-
678
,
2019
.
[14]
A
.
L
.
M
a
hm
oo
d,
et
al
.
,
“
D
e
s
i
gn a
nd
p
e
rform
a
nc
e
a
na
l
ys
i
s
of
s
t
a
nd
-
a
l
o
n
e P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
al
-
n
a
hra
i
n
un
i
ve
rs
i
t
y,
Ba
ghda
d,
Ira
q
,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
P
o
w
er
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
and
Dri
v
e
S
y
st
e
ms
(IJ
P
E
D
S)
,
vol
.
11
,
no
.
2
,
pp.
921
-
930
,
20
20.
[15]
J
. S
. P
. P
et
e
r
a
n
d
V.
S
.
K.
J
.
Re
s
hm
a
a
,
“
A
S
t
udy on M
Q
T
T
ba
s
e
d E
nv
i
ronm
e
nt
a
l
P
a
ra
m
e
t
e
rs
,
M
oni
t
ori
ng a
n
d
A
la
r
min
g
S
y
s
te
m,
”
E
ur
a
s
i
an J
o
ur
nal
of
A
nal
yt
i
ca
l
Che
m
i
st
ry
,
vo
l
.
13
,
pp
.
323
-
32
7,
2018
.
[16]
J
.
S. P. Pe
t
e
r
,
et
al
.
,
“
H
om
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on
a
nd
hom
e
s
e
c
uri
t
y
us
i
ng
a
rdui
no
a
nd
E
S
P
8266(
IoT
)
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
na
l
of
Innov
a
tiv
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and
E
x
pl
or
i
ng
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
vol
.
8
,
no
.
7,
pp
.
39
-
42
,
20
19.
[17]
L
. S
y
af
a’
A
h
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
E
S
P
8266 for Cont
rol
a
n
d M
oni
t
ori
ng i
n
S
m
a
rt
H
om
e
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
,
”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
ngs
of
201
9
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
Co
nf
er
en
c
e o
n
Co
m
put
er
Sc
i
en
ce
,
Inf
or
m
at
i
on
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ng
i
n
eer
i
n
g
(
ICO
MIT
E
E
2019
)
,
vol
.
1
,
pp
.
123
-
128
,
2019
.
[18]
F.
M
.
S
h
a
r
m
i
l
a,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Io
t
Ba
s
e
d S
m
a
rt
W
i
nd
ow
us
i
ng S
e
ns
o
r D
ht
11,
”
2019 5t
h
In
t
e
r
nat
i
ona
l
Conf
e
r
e
n
ce o
n
A
dv
anc
e
d
Com
p
ut
i
ng and
Com
m
un
ic
a
tio
n
S
y
st
e
ms
(
ICA
CCS 2019
)
,
pp
.
782
-
784
,
2
019.
[19]
H
.
S
i
ngh,
et
al
.
,
“
IoT
ba
s
e
d s
m
a
rt
ho
m
e
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
us
i
ng s
e
ns
or n
ode
,
”
P
ro
c
e
e
di
n
gs
of
4
t
h
I
E
EE
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
Co
nf
er
en
c
e o
n
R
e
c
en
t
A
d
v
anc
e
s
i
n
Inf
or
m
at
i
on
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
(
R
A
IT
2
018
)
, p
p
. 1
-
5
,
20
18.
[20]
T
.
M
a
l
ch
e
an
d
P
. M
ah
es
h
w
a
ry,
“
Int
e
rne
t
of T
h
i
ngs
(IoT
) for b
ui
l
di
ng s
m
a
rt
h
om
e
s
ys
t
e
m
,
”
i
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
In
t
e
r
nat
i
ona
l
Conf
e
r
e
n
c
e
on I
oT
i
n Soc
i
al
,
Mo
bi
l
e
,
A
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
a
nd Cl
oud,
I
-
SMA
C 2017
,
pp
.
65
-
70
,
2017
.
[21]
N.
Vi
k
r
a
m
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
l
ow
c
os
t
h
om
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
us
i
ng w
i
-
fi
b
a
s
e
d
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
s
e
ns
or ne
t
w
or
k i
nc
orpo
ra
t
i
ng
i
nt
e
rn
e
t
of
t
hi
n
gs
(IoT
)
,
”
7t
h
IE
E
E
Int
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
A
dv
anc
e
C
om
put
i
ng
Con
f
e
r
en
ce
(
IA
CC
2
017
)
,
vo
l
.
100
,
pp.
174
-
178
,
20
17.
[22]
P.
S.
N
.
Re
ddy,
e
t a
l.
,
“
A
n IoT
b
a
s
e
d hom
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
on
us
i
ng
a
n
droi
d a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
”
i
n
Int
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
Conf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng,
Com
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on,
P
owe
r
and
E
m
be
dde
d
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
SCO
P
E
S
2
016
)
,
vol
.
4,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
285
-
2
90
,
201
6
.
[23]
D.
Va
si
c
e
k
,
et
al
.
,
“I
o
T
S
m
ar
t
H
o
m
e C
o
n
cep
t
,”
2018 26t
h
T
e
l
eco
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
ons
F
o
ru
m
(
T
E
L
F
O
R
2018
)
, p
p
. 1
-
4,
2018.
[24]
P
. J
. R
an
i
,
e
t a
l.
,
“
V
oi
c
e
c
on
t
rol
l
e
d hom
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on s
ys
t
e
m
us
i
ng na
t
ura
l
l
a
ngua
ge
proc
e
s
s
i
ng (N
L
P
) a
nd i
nt
e
rn
e
t
of t
hi
ngs
(IoT
)
,
”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
ngs
of
3r
d
IE
E
E
In
t
e
r
nat
i
onal
Con
f
er
en
c
e o
n
Sc
i
en
c
e
T
e
c
hnol
o
gy
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
n
g an
d
Manag
em
en
t
(
ICO
NST
E
M 2017
)
, v
o
l
.
2018
,
pp.
3
68
-
373,
201
7.
[25]
V
. H
.
B
h
i
d
e
an
d
S
.
Wag
h
,
“I
-
l
e
a
rni
ng
IoT
:
A
n
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
s
e
l
f
l
e
a
rn
i
ng s
ys
t
e
m
for hom
e
a
u
t
om
a
t
i
on
us
i
ng Io
T
,
”
i
n
2015 In
t
e
r
nat
i
onal
Conf
e
r
e
nc
e
on Com
m
uni
c
at
i
on and S
i
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
n
(
ICCSP
2015
0
,
pp.
1763
-
1767
,
2015
.
[26]
S
.
N
.
M
a
hm
ood,
“
G
S
M
Int
e
ra
c
t
i
on Ba
s
e
d Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
Cl
i
m
a
t
e
C
ha
nge
M
oni
t
or
i
n
g T
e
c
hn
i
que
,
”
K
i
rk
u
k
Un
i
v
e
rsi
t
y
J
our
nal
/
Sc
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
St
ud
i
e
s
(KU
J
S
S)
, v
o
l
. 1
3
, n
o
. 2
, p
p
. 1
-
1
7,
2018
.
[27]
A
.
S
.
T
.
H
us
s
a
i
n a
nd
S
.
N
.
M
a
hm
ood,
“
H
ybri
d
pow
e
r s
t
a
t
i
on
a
c
t
ba
s
e
d
on
ru
n off r
i
ve
r
,
”
i
n
2017 IE
E
E
3r
d
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
T
e
c
h
nol
ogi
e
s
and
So
c
i
al
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
(
I
CE
T
SS 2017
)
,
v
ol
.
201
8
, p
p
. 1
-
7
,
2018
.
[28]
R
. C
. P
an
d
ey
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Int
e
rne
t
o
f T
hi
ngs
(
IoT
)
Ba
s
e
d G
a
s
L
e
a
k
a
ge
M
oni
t
or
i
ng
a
nd A
l
e
rt
i
ng S
ys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h M
Q
-
2
S
e
ns
or,
”
Int
e
r
na
t
i
onal
J
our
nal
o
f
E
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
D
ev
e
l
opm
e
n
t
and
Re
s
ea
r
ch
,
vol
.
5,
no.
2
,
pp
.
21
35
-
2137
,
2017
.
[29]
T
. H
. M
u
j
aw
ar
,
et
al
.
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
op
m
e
nt
of w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
ns
or ne
t
w
ork s
ys
t
e
m
for
L
P
G
g
as
l
eak
ag
e
d
et
e
ct
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
,
”
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
o
ur
nal
of
Sc
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
n
d
E
ng
i
n
eer
i
n
g
R
es
ea
r
ch
,
v
ol
.
6,
n
o.
4,
p
p.
5
58
-
563,
2015
.
[30]
N
.
A
.
Z
.
M
.
N
oa
r
a
nd
M
.
M
.
K
a
m
a
l
,
“
T
he
de
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
of
s
m
a
r
t
f
l
ood
m
oni
t
or
i
ng s
ys
t
e
m
us
i
ng
ul
t
ra
s
oni
c
s
e
ns
o
r
w
i
t
h bl
ynk a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
”
2017
IE
E
E
Int
e
r
nat
i
onal
Conf
er
en
c
e o
n
S
m
ar
t
Ins
t
r
um
e
nt
at
i
on
,
M
e
as
ur
e
m
e
nt
and
A
ppl
ic
a
tio
n
(
ICS
IMA
2017
)
,
vol
.
2017,
pp
.
1
-
6
,
2
018
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-
87
08
I
nt
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
om
p
E
n
g,
V
o
l
.
11
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
20
21
:
442
-
4
50
4
50
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
IE
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
S
ame
e
r
A
l
an
i
w
a
s
born i
n
Ira
q
i
n 1989
.
H
e
re
c
e
i
ve
d
t
he
B.
S
.
d
e
gre
e
i
n
c
om
pu
t
e
r e
ng
i
ne
e
ri
ng
a
nd M
.
S
c
.
de
gr
e
e
i
n w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n a
n
d Com
put
e
r
ne
t
w
orki
ng t
e
c
hnol
ogy from
T
h
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
Un
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
Ma
l
a
y
si
a
(
UKM)
i
n
2017
.
H
e
i
s
c
urre
nt
l
y
purs
ui
ng
t
he
P
h
.
D
.
de
gre
e
i
n
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
c
om
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
on a
nd
ne
t
w
orki
ng.
H
i
s
re
s
e
a
rc
h i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
i
nc
l
ud
e
a
nt
e
nna
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
i
m
a
g
e
proc
e
s
s
i
n
g,
bre
a
s
t
c
a
n
c
e
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
,
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n,
a
nd
ne
t
w
orki
n
g t
e
c
hnol
ogy
.
S
ar
mad
N
oz
ad
M
ah
mood
w
a
s
born i
n
Ir
a
q,
i
n
1985.
H
e
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
he
B.
S
.
d
e
gr
e
e
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
roni
c
a
nd c
ont
ro
l
e
ngi
ne
e
ri
ng fro
m
N
o
rt
he
rn T
e
c
hni
c
a
l
U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
y,
I
ra
q
,
i
n 2008,
a
nd t
h
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
gre
e
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
c
a
nd
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
e
ng
i
ne
e
ri
ng
fro
m
Ç
a
nka
ya
U
ni
ve
rs
i
t
y,
T
urke
y
,
i
n 201
4
.
H
e
i
s
c
urre
nt
l
y purs
ui
ng t
he
P
h.
D
.
d
e
gre
e
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
c
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng w
i
t
h
t
he
F
a
c
ul
t
y
of
E
ngi
ne
e
ri
ng,
U
n
i
ve
rs
i
t
i
P
ut
ra
M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
(U
P
M
),
M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
.
H
i
s
m
a
i
n
re
s
e
a
rc
h
i
nt
e
re
s
t
s
i
nc
l
ud
e
ul
t
ra
-
w
i
d
eb
an
d
an
t
en
n
as
, w
e
ar
a
b
l
e an
t
en
n
as
, an
t
en
n
a
ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
, i
m
ag
e p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
, w
i
r
el
es
s
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on,
a
na
l
og
a
nd
di
gi
t
a
l
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
a
nd
c
ont
ro
l
s
ys
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
gns
.
S
ar
ah
Zae
e
ad
w
a
s
born i
n
Ira
q
,
i
n
1998.
S
he
i
s
c
urre
n
t
l
y
i
n
t
he
l
a
s
t
s
t
a
ge
of
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
s
t
udyi
ng
N
e
t
w
ork Com
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
E
ngi
ne
e
ri
ng
a
t
A
l
K
i
t
a
b
uni
ve
rs
i
t
y.
H
a
ne
e
n Sa
m
e
e
r
w
a
s
born
i
n
Ira
q i
n
1992.
S
he
i
s
c
urre
n
t
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
s
t
a
ge
of
c
ol
l
e
g
e
s
t
udyi
ng
N
e
t
w
ork Com
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
E
ngi
ne
e
ri
ng
a
t
A
l
K
i
t
a
b
uni
ve
rs
i
t
y.
Ze
e
n
a A
b
d
u
l
s
attar
w
a
s
born
i
n Ira
q
,
i
n
1995.
S
he
i
s
c
urre
n
t
l
y i
n
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
s
t
a
ge
of
c
o
l
l
e
ge
s
t
udyi
ng N
e
t
w
or
k Com
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n E
ngi
n
e
e
ri
ng
a
t
A
l
K
i
t
a
b un
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y.
A
z
z
am A
me
r
w
a
s
born i
n Ira
q,
i
n 1993.
H
e
i
s
c
urre
nt
l
y
i
n t
h
e
l
a
s
t
s
t
a
ge
of
c
ol
l
e
g
e
s
t
udyi
ng
N
e
t
w
ork Com
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
E
ngi
ne
e
ri
ng
a
t
A
l
K
i
t
a
b
uni
ve
rs
i
t
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.