I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
,
p
p
.
189
~
200
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
2
i
1
.
pp
1
8
9
-
200
189
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Dielect
ric prope
rt
ies
a
ss
ess
m
en
t
o
f
ho
ney
by usin
g
n
o
n
-
destruc
tive diele
c
tric
spe
ctrosco
py
Asl
ina
Ab
u B
a
k
a
r
1
,
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d A
i
m
a
n Na
j
m
i bi
n Ro
dz
a
li
2
,
Ro
s
f
a
riza
Ra
dza
li
1
,
Azlina
I
dri
s
2
,
Ah
m
a
d Ra
s
hi
dy
Ra
za
li
1
1
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
A
R
A
,
C
a
w
a
n
g
a
n
P
u
l
a
u
P
i
n
a
n
g
,
K
a
mp
u
s Pe
r
mat
a
n
g
P
a
u
h
,
P
e
r
mat
a
n
g
P
a
u
h
,
P
u
l
a
u
P
i
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
2
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
A
R
A
,
S
h
a
h
A
l
a
m,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
Art
icle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 2
7
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l 1
6
,
2
0
2
1
A
cc
ep
ted
3
0
J
u
l,
2
0
2
1
In
t
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
th
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
re
e
ty
p
e
s
o
f
M
a
lay
si
a
n
h
o
n
e
y
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
u
sin
g
a
n
o
n
-
d
e
stru
c
ti
v
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
e
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
o
f
th
is r
e
se
a
rc
h
is t
o
a
ss
e
ss
th
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
e
t
h
re
e
ty
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
in
M
a
la
y
sia
u
sin
g
a
n
o
n
-
d
e
stru
c
ti
v
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
c
o
a
x
ial
p
r
o
b
e
in
th
e
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
f
ro
m
1
0
0
M
Hz
to
1
0
G
Hz
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
n
th
e
e
ffe
c
t
wa
ter
c
o
n
c
e
n
tra
ti
o
n
in
h
o
n
e
y
o
n
th
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
o
n
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
.
T
h
e
th
re
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
c
h
o
se
n
to
b
e
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ted
in
t
h
is
p
r
o
jec
t
a
re
stin
g
les
s
b
e
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
il
d
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
rc
ial
(o
rg
a
n
ic)
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
to
g
e
th
e
r
t
h
e
ir
w
a
ter
a
d
u
lt
e
ra
ted
sa
m
p
les
.
F
o
r
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
,
th
e
p
ro
b
e
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
se
t
u
p
b
y
se
tt
in
g
a
ra
n
g
e
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
ro
m
1
0
0
M
Hz
to
1
0
G
Hz
a
n
d
n
e
e
d
s
to
b
e
c
a
li
b
ra
ted
w
it
h
t
h
re
e
c
a
li
b
ra
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
o
p
e
n
,
sh
o
rt
a
n
d
re
f
e
re
n
c
e
w
a
t
e
r.
F
ro
m
th
e
re
s
u
lt
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
e
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
p
e
rc
e
n
tag
e
o
f
wa
ter
c
o
n
ten
t
i
n
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
th
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
is
in
c
re
a
se
d
.
T
h
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
ts
o
f
a
ll
h
o
n
e
y
s
d
e
c
re
a
se
d
w
it
h
in
c
re
a
sin
g
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
in
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
n
g
e
a
n
d
i
n
c
re
a
se
d
w
it
h
in
c
re
a
se
p
e
rc
e
n
tag
e
o
f
w
a
te
r
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
Ho
n
e
y
Op
en
en
d
ed
co
ax
ial
p
r
o
b
e
P
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
W
ater
co
n
ten
t
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Asl
i
n
a
A
b
u
B
ak
ar
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
A
R
A
C
a
w
an
g
a
n
P
u
lau
P
in
a
n
g
,
P
er
m
ata
n
g
P
au
h
C
a
m
p
u
s
,
1
3
5
0
0
P
er
m
ata
n
g
P
au
h
,
P
u
lau
P
in
a
n
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
E
m
ail:
as
lin
a0
6
0
@
u
it
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
P
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
v
er
y
v
a
lu
ab
le
i
n
th
e
m
ar
k
et,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
it
s
b
en
ef
its
to
h
ea
lt
h
.
So
,
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
as
d
ail
y
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
o
r
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
s
.
Ho
n
e
y
co
n
s
is
t
m
an
y
v
ita
m
i
n
a
n
d
m
i
n
er
al
t
h
at
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
[
1
]
.
On
e
th
e
b
en
ef
i
t
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
is
it
is
a
g
o
o
d
alter
n
ati
v
e
to
s
u
g
ar
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
h
o
n
e
y
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
u
g
ar
,
b
u
t
it
i
s
h
ea
lt
h
ier
th
a
n
th
e
s
u
g
ar
.
So
,
it
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
lacin
g
s
u
g
ar
as
a
f
o
o
d
s
w
ee
ten
er
in
d
ail
y
f
o
o
d
.
Oth
er
th
an
t
h
at,
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
r
a
w
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
k
ill
u
n
w
a
n
ted
b
ac
ter
ia
an
d
f
u
n
g
u
s
.
I
t
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
it
n
at
u
r
all
y
co
n
tain
s
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
p
er
o
x
id
e,
an
an
ti
s
ep
tic
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
w
h
er
e
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
f
o
u
n
d
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
s
y
n
th
e
tic
h
o
n
e
y
an
d
ad
u
lter
ated
h
o
n
e
y
i
m
p
o
s
e
s
an
o
th
er
t
h
r
ea
t
to
h
o
n
e
y
s
af
e
t
y
a
n
d
p
u
r
it
y
d
u
e
to
its
r
elati
v
el
y
h
i
g
h
s
u
g
ar
co
n
te
n
t
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
On
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
ad
u
lter
atio
n
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
is
b
y
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
f
o
r
ei
g
n
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
h
o
n
e
y
i
.
e.
b
y
ad
d
in
g
w
ater
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
s
en
s
o
r
y
an
d
ch
e
m
ical
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
w
ith
a
co
m
p
licated
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
ast,
n
o
n
-
d
estr
u
cti
v
e,
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
e
a
n
al
y
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
ed
to
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
8
9
-
200
190
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
is
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ty
t
h
at
w
il
l
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
w
i
th
th
e
e
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
b
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
at
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
ci
es.
R
esear
c
h
er
s
i
n
[
11]
-
[
1
5
]
,
h
as
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
m
o
is
t
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t
b
ein
g
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
f
ac
to
r
i
n
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
f
o
o
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
ater
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
h
o
n
e
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
f
o
r
all
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
,
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
w
i
th
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
w
ater
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
th
e
n
o
n
-
d
estr
u
cti
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
c
h
o
s
en
d
u
e
to
its
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
t
h
at
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
estro
y
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
u
n
d
er
tes
t,
an
d
it
is
r
ap
id
,
th
u
s
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
q
u
alit
y
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
ce
r
t
ain
f
o
o
d
i.e
.
h
o
n
e
y
[
10
]
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
a
m
ater
ial
w
h
en
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
a
n
elec
t
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
[
16]
-
[
1
8
]
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
it
co
v
er
s
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
a
m
p
le
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
d
estru
cti
v
e
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ag
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
an
d
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ie
s
[
19]
-
[
2
1
]
.
W
ith
th
e
u
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
co
ax
ial
p
r
o
b
e,
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
n
d
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
i
m
p
le
p
r
o
b
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
12
]
,
[
16
]
,
[
17
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
m
a
y
b
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
t
h
er
r
ese
ar
ch
er
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
d
ata
o
n
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
a
v
ailab
le
an
d
ca
n
s
er
v
e
f
o
r
q
u
alit
y
co
n
tr
o
l.
2.
M
AT
E
RIAL
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
y
pes
o
f
ho
ney
Fo
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
in
th
e
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
ee
ty
p
e
s
w
er
e
s
tin
g
le
s
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
A
ll
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
u
s
ed
b
y
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ail
y
f
o
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
m
ed
icatio
n
o
r
m
a
y
b
e
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
A
ll
t
h
e
th
r
ee
h
o
n
e
y
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
h
o
n
e
y
av
a
ilab
le
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
t
y
p
es o
f
h
o
n
e
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
:
s
ti
n
g
les
s
,
w
ild
an
d
o
r
g
an
ic
h
o
n
e
y
Sti
n
g
le
s
s
b
ee
ar
e
also
p
o
p
u
lar
ly
k
n
o
w
n
as
leb
ah
k
el
u
lu
t
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
w
i
th
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
3
8
s
t
in
g
les
s
b
ee
s
p
ec
ies
[
22
]
,
[
23
]
.
Sti
n
g
le
s
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
also
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
as
m
ed
icatio
n
a
n
d
it
is
clai
m
e
d
th
at
it
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
m
ed
icin
a
l
b
en
e
f
icial
t
h
a
n
o
th
er
b
ee
s
p
ec
ies
[
6
]
,
[
24
]
.
W
ild
b
ee
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
n
a
m
e
af
te
r
tu
alan
g
h
o
n
e
y
b
y
lo
ca
l
p
eo
p
le.
T
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
r
o
ck
b
ee
(
a
p
is
d
o
r
s
ata)
,
w
h
ic
h
b
u
ild
s
h
i
v
es
o
n
b
r
an
ch
es
o
f
tall
T
u
alan
g
tr
ee
s
lo
ca
ted
m
ai
n
l
y
in
t
h
e
n
o
r
th
-
w
ester
n
r
eg
io
n
o
f
P
en
in
s
u
lar
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
Fi
n
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
th
at
h
as
a
f
lo
w
e
r
-
lik
e
ar
o
m
a.
I
t
h
as
a
d
elica
te
f
lav
o
r
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
ac
ac
ia
m
a
n
g
iu
m
tr
ee
s
f
lo
w
er
s
.
2
.
2
.
Dielec
t
ric
co
ns
t
a
nt
m
ea
s
ure
m
e
nt
m
et
ho
d
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t,
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
p
r
o
b
e
n
am
e
l
y
k
e
y
s
i
g
h
t
1
5
0
1
A
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
th
at
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
0
MH
z
to
5
0
GHz
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
c
o
ax
ial
ca
b
le
p
r
o
b
e
(
N1
5
0
1
A
k
e
y
s
i
g
h
t)
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
a
v
ec
to
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
al
y
ze
r
(
E
5
0
8
0
B
)
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
e
w
it
h
a
co
a
x
ial
ca
b
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
e
h
as
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
h
ad
b
ee
n
s
et
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
MH
z
to
1
0
GHz
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
co
n
d
u
c
t
ed
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ca
lib
r
ated
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
e
h
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
l
ec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
erti
e
s
a
s
s
es
me
n
t o
f h
o
n
ey
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
A
s
lin
a
A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
191
b
ee
n
ca
lib
r
ated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
o
p
en
(
air
)
,
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
2
5
°C
o
f
d
eio
n
ized
w
ater
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
d
eio
n
ize
w
ater
i
s
u
s
ed
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
to
v
er
if
y
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
is
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l.
T
o
d
o
s
o
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
p
r
o
b
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
im
m
er
s
ed
i
n
to
t
h
e
d
eio
n
ized
w
ater
an
d
n
ee
d
to
av
o
id
f
r
o
m
air
b
u
b
b
les
b
et
w
ee
n
w
ater
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
e
s
u
r
f
ac
ed
.
L
ater
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
r
esu
m
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
ax
ial
ca
b
le
p
r
o
b
e
(
N1
5
0
1
A
k
e
y
s
ig
h
t)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
v
ec
to
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
al
y
ze
r
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
f
o
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
s
T
h
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
ar
e
p
o
u
r
ed
in
to
2
0
m
l
b
ea
k
er
an
d
lab
eled
.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
ig
ital
th
er
m
o
m
eter
an
d
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
2
5
°C
)
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
les,
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
an
d
h
o
n
e
y
with
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
f
o
r
test
in
g
.
Kn
o
w
n
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
eio
n
ized
w
a
ter
w
a
s
ad
d
ed
t
o
th
e
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
it
h
1
0
%
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t,
o
f
ea
ch
t
y
p
e
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
th
e
ad
u
lter
ated
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
les
t
o
g
et
a
f
i
n
al
w
ater
co
n
ten
t
s
(
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%
)
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
m
e
asu
r
i
n
g
th
r
ee
k
n
o
w
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
to
ch
ar
a
cter
ize
th
e
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
d
ef
au
lt
ca
lib
r
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
air
,
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it,
an
d
w
ater
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
e,
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
a
s
u
itab
le
h
ei
g
h
t
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
en
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
m
p
letel
y
i
m
m
er
s
ed
in
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
r
e
s
u
lt,
t
h
e
air
b
u
b
b
le
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
b
ef
o
r
e
an
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t to
a
v
o
id
in
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
8
9
-
200
192
Af
ter
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
2
5
°C
h
ad
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
co
n
t
in
u
es
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le
b
ee
n
h
ea
ted
to
3
0
°C
,
3
5
°C
,
4
0
°C
,
4
5
°C
,
a
n
d
5
0
°C
.
T
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
h
ea
ted
u
p
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
h
ea
ti
n
g
p
late
an
d
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
tirr
ed
u
n
til
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le
to
tall
y
h
ea
ted
u
p
u
n
til
to
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
Af
ter
h
e
ated
u
p
,
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
u
n
til
to
t
all
y
i
m
m
er
s
ed
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
MH
z
to
1
0
GHz
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
al
l
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
tab
u
lated
an
d
an
a
l
y
z
ed
.
2
.
4
.
P
enet
r
a
t
io
n dept
h
P
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as th
e
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
p
o
w
er
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
alu
e
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
d
ep
th
is
r
ed
u
cin
g
to
1
/e
w
h
er
e
e=
2
.
7
1
8
3
th
at
is
ab
o
u
t
3
7
%
o
f
its
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lat
ed
as i
n
(
1
)
:
=
2
√
2
′
(
1
+
(
′
′′
)
2
−
1
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e:
=sp
ee
d
o
f
lig
h
t (
3
x
1
0
8
m
/
s
)
=f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
n
Hz
ɛ
’
=d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
ɛ
’’
=d
ielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
f
ac
to
r
Af
ter
all
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
ts
h
ad
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
es
ar
e
f
ed
i
n
to
t
h
e
p
e
n
etr
at
io
n
d
ep
th
eq
u
atio
n
as
s
tated
in
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ɛ
’
an
d
ɛ
’’
h
ad
b
ee
n
id
en
tif
ied
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
it
h
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
w
ater
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
e
d
in
d
etail
i
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Dielec
t
ric
co
ns
t
a
nt
o
f
p
ure
ho
ney
I
n
th
is
r
esear
c
h
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
t
h
at
i
s
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
b
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
MH
z
to
1
0
GH
z
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
w
a
s
s
et
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
Mh
z
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
m
icr
o
w
av
e
s
w
ith
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
a
ter
ial
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
ab
o
v
e
1
0
0
MH
z
d
ep
en
d
s
m
o
r
e
o
r
les
s
e
x
clu
s
i
v
el
y
o
n
aq
u
eo
u
s
a
n
d
io
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
th
u
s
it
co
u
ld
g
i
v
e
a
b
etter
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lt
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
at
lo
w
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
w
ill
b
e
r
ip
p
le
d
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
w
ill
b
e
in
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
c
o
n
s
tan
t o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
l
ec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
erti
e
s
a
s
s
es
me
n
t o
f h
o
n
ey
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
A
s
lin
a
A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
193
F
ig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
I
t
is
clea
r
l
y
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
i
th
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
t
s
o
m
e
lev
el,
it
s
ee
m
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
b
ee
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
5
0
0
0
MH
z
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
s
t
in
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
h
as
th
e
l
o
w
e
s
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
1
3
.
4
6
w
h
e
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
1
0
0
MH
z
at
2
5
°C
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
to
8
.
2
1
,
4
.
3
7
,
an
d
4
.
1
4
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
GHz
,
5
GHz
,
an
d
1
0
GHz
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
is
f
r
o
m
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
2
8
.
1
1
at
1
0
0
MH
z
at
2
5
°C
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
to
1
2
.
7
6
,
6
.
2
0
,
an
d
5
.
4
7
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
GHz
,
5
GHz
,
an
d
1
0
GHz
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
h
ad
a
s
li
g
h
tl
y
l
o
w
er
th
a
n
th
e
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
,
th
at
2
4
.
0
0
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z,
b
u
t
it
s
ti
ll
h
ig
h
er
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
s
tin
g
le
s
s
h
o
n
e
y
a
t
2
5
°C
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
4
.
0
0
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z
to
1
1
.
4
0
,
5
.
8
9
,
an
d
5
.
2
2
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
0
MH
z,
5
0
0
0
MH
z,
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
MH
z
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
all
t
h
e
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
m
i
g
h
t
co
n
tai
n
w
ater
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
w
ater
i
s
in
a
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
r
elax
atio
n
is
li
k
el
y
r
es
u
lted
f
r
o
m
b
o
u
n
d
w
ater
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
h
er
e
cr
itical
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
h
o
n
e
y
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
h
o
n
e
y
s
h
av
e
s
i
m
ila
r
co
n
ten
t
o
f
to
tal
s
o
lu
b
le
s
o
l
id
s
,
o
th
er
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ca
n
also
h
av
e
a
m
aj
o
r
i
m
p
ac
t o
n
t
h
eir
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
h
o
n
e
y
a
t r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
2
5
º
C
)
H
o
n
e
y
P
e
r
mi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
z
)
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
S
t
i
n
g
l
e
ss B
e
e
H
o
n
e
y
ɛ
’
1
3
.
4
6
7
3
5
8
.
2
1
6
9
5
4
.
3
7
7
4
2
9
4
.
1
4
6
5
4
4
W
i
l
d
H
o
n
e
y
ɛ
’
2
8
.
1
1
2
9
1
1
2
.
7
6
5
4
6
.
2
0
1
2
4
9
5
.
4
7
1
8
1
1
C
o
mm
e
r
c
i
a
l
H
o
n
e
y
ɛ
’
2
4
.
0
0
4
7
6
1
1
.
4
0
2
9
8
5
.
8
9
9
0
1
4
5
.
2
2
0
0
6
1
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
ti
n
g
less
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
h
a
s
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
.
T
h
is
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
s
tin
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
m
a
y
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
m
a
y
h
av
e
lo
w
er
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t t
h
a
n
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
.
W
it
h
lo
w
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
in
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
v
al
u
e
m
a
y
b
e
lo
w
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
w
ater
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
o
th
er
h
o
n
e
y
w
h
ich
is
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
an
d
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
m
a
y
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
m
o
f
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t t
h
an
t
h
e
s
t
in
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
.
3
.
2
.
T
he
influence
o
f
wa
t
er
c
o
nte
nt
t
o
dielect
ric
co
ns
t
a
nt
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
f
w
ater
co
n
t
en
t
ca
n
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
t
h
at
is
m
i
x
ed
to
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t.
R
e
g
ar
d
less
o
f
h
o
w
m
u
ch
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t
w
a
s
ad
d
ed
in
s
tin
g
less
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
in
cr
e
asin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
j
u
s
ti
f
ied
w
ith
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
P
u
r
a
n
ik
et
a
l.
[
12
]
.
I
t
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
r
ela
x
atio
n
ti
m
e
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
w
ater
an
d
th
u
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
d
[
11
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
th
e
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
h
ad
b
ee
n
ad
d
ed
to
2
0
m
l
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
.
T
h
e
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t
w
i
ll
b
e
ad
d
ed
as
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
v
o
l
u
m
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
to
m
i
m
ic
ad
u
lter
ated
h
o
n
e
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
it
h
as
t
h
e
lo
w
est
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
a
n
d
it
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
s
lo
w
l
y
w
ater
co
n
ten
t i
s
ad
d
ed
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
h
o
n
e
y
s
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
r
o
m
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%
at
2
5
°C
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
A
ll
th
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
h
av
e
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
in
d
iele
c
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
h
en
w
a
ter
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
s
lo
w
l
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
w
ater
co
n
ten
t.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
e
s
ti
n
g
less
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
(
n
o
w
ater
i
s
ad
d
ed
)
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
lo
w
at
1
8
.
8
8
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z
an
d
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
1
0
.
6
4
,
6
.
3
9
,
an
d
5
.
1
1
at
1
0
0
0
MH
z,
5
0
0
0
MH
z,
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
MH
z
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
B
u
t
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
w
ate
r
co
n
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
t
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
a
n
d
3
0
%
o
f
w
a
ter
co
n
te
n
t,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
at
5
0
.
1
2
,
5
5
.
7
7
,
an
d
5
7
.
3
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
e
w
il
d
h
o
n
e
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
s
2
9
.
8
6
,
1
3
.
8
4
,
7
.
6
0
,
an
d
5
.
4
0
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z,
1
0
0
0
MH
z,
5
0
0
0
MH
z,
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
MH
z
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
w
ater
co
n
ten
t
m
ad
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
o
4
4
.
1
8
,
5
4
.
2
6
,
an
d
5
7
.
7
0
at
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
an
d
3
0
%
o
f
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
a
t 1
0
0
MH
z
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
s
i
m
ilar
f
o
r
p
u
r
e
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
w
h
er
eb
y
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
ater
co
n
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
o
r
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
,
t
h
e
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
i
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
ic
h
o
n
e
y
a
t
w
at
er
co
n
ten
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
8
9
-
200
194
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
0
%,
1
0
%,
2
0
%
an
d
3
0
%
is
2
6
.
0
9
,
4
1
.
5
9
,
5
5
.
4
4
,
an
d
5
9
.
2
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
i
s
r
es
u
l
t,
th
e
p
u
r
it
y
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
id
en
ti
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
w
ater
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
lo
w
est
d
ielec
tr
i
c
co
n
s
t
a
n
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
b
ec
au
s
e
h
ig
h
er
co
n
ten
t
o
f
w
a
ter
p
r
esen
ce
in
th
e
ad
u
lter
ated
h
o
n
e
y
.
W
ith
th
is
,
th
e
p
u
r
it
y
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
r
esu
lt a
s
a
d
atab
ase.
A
ll
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
ielec
t
r
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
io
n
ic
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
A
d
d
in
g
w
a
ter
in
h
o
n
e
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
its
v
i
s
co
s
it
y
a
n
d
b
in
d
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
to
io
n
ic
m
o
v
e
m
en
t,
s
o
th
e
io
n
ic
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
p
la
y
s
a
g
r
o
w
in
g
r
o
le
in
th
e
lo
s
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
t
h
e
w
ater
c
o
n
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
s
lo
w
l
y
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
io
n
ic
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
is
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
o
f
lo
s
s
in
h
o
n
e
y
[
25
]
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
t
ab
le
o
f
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
w
ater
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
at
f
o
u
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
w
h
e
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
2
5
°C
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
a
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
p
att
er
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
all
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
I
t
al
s
o
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
th
at
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
all
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
S
tin
g
les
s
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
t
h
e
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
W
ild
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
t
h
e
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
l
ec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
erti
e
s
a
s
s
es
me
n
t o
f h
o
n
ey
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
A
s
lin
a
A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
195
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
th
e
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
c
e
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t a
t
f
o
u
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
(
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
2
5
°C
)
H
o
n
e
y
W
a
t
e
r
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
(
%)
P
e
r
mi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
z
)
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
S
t
i
n
g
l
e
ss B
e
e
0
ɛ’
1
8
8
8
2
4
9
1
0
.
6
4
8
8
4
6
3
9
3
0
5
9
5
.
1
1
3
5
0
4
ɛ’
’
4
3
9
8
5
4
2
5
.
0
2
4
8
7
8
3
.
5
5
3
9
3
4
3
.
1
2
0
0
0
0
10
ɛ’
5
0
.
1
2
8
5
0
3
0
.
9
6
3
7
1
1
6
.
1
5
5
7
5
1
0
.
4
9
8
1
3
ɛ’
’
9
.
5
4
0
3
0
5
1
4
.
5
0
1
9
1
1
1
.
8
6
2
5
0
8
.
7
0
4
8
4
3
20
ɛ’
55
.
7
1
5
5
6
4
0
.
0
0
9
7
4
2
1
.
5
2
7
2
6
1
2
.
9
7
8
3
4
ɛ’
’
9
.
5
4
9
7
1
3
1
5
.
7
0
8
5
4
1
5
.
8
6
6
5
0
1
2
.
2
9
4
7
3
3
0
ɛ’
57
.
3
5
1
7
4
4
2
8
0
6
3
8
2
3
.
6
7
1
6
2
1
4
.
1
0
2
7
9
ɛ’
’
9
.
9
0
3
9
4
1
1
5
.
6
4
8
9
4
1
7
.
1
2
9
1
0
1
3
.
6
1
3
6
4
W
i
l
d
H
o
n
e
y
0
ɛ’
29
.
8
6
6
0
4
1
3
.
8
4
7
0
7
7
.
6
0
4
4
7
8
5
.
4
0
8
1
3
0
ɛ’
’
1
0
.
3
7
9
7
6
7
.
8
1
5
7
3
8
5
.
0
1
4
0
7
9
2
.
6
9
9
9
1
9
10
ɛ’
44
.
1
8
4
2
9
22
.
8
5
6
8
0
10
.
4
9
0
6
1
6
.
5
9
3
6
7
1
ɛ’
’
9
.
4
9
9
3
2
2
1
3
.
1
8
4
6
0
9
.
1
1
5
5
9
0
5
.
8
4
5
3
9
3
20
ɛ’
5
4
.
2
6
6
1
3
3
5
.
9
1
6
6
1
1
5
.
5
8
5
7
7
8
.
9
7
6
2
8
9
ɛ’
’
6
.
3
3
5
6
9
7
1
6
.
5
2
8
6
7
15
.
2
2
8
8
7
8
.
5
6
0
6
1
0
30
ɛ’
5
7
.
7
0
8
7
6
4
2
.
5
9
4
5
8
1
9
.
5
0
8
8
2
1
0
.
6
6
0
4
1
ɛ’
’
5
.
2
5
5
3
8
0
1
6
.
6
5
5
6
9
1
8
.
5
8
3
3
0
1
0
.
9
3
7
6
8
C
o
mm
e
r
c
i
a
l
0
ɛ’
26
.
0
9
2
1
8
1
2
.
6
2
5
3
7
.
8
2
6
0
1
3
5
.
4
3
6
9
3
8
ɛ’
’
9
.
5
8
2
2
7
4
6
.
3
1
5
8
6
4
.
2
0
5
0
7
0
2
.
1
8
3
0
5
7
10
ɛ’
41
.
5
9
2
8
0
2
1
.
2
9
5
4
9
1
0
.
8
6
0
4
1
6
.
9
6
8
4
6
6
ɛ’
’
9
.
8
2
5
6
0
6
1
1
.
6
9
8
4
6
8
.
1
3
6
1
9
4
4
.
4
7
9
2
1
4
20
ɛ’
5
5
.
4
4
6
2
0
3
9
.
1
0
4
1
5
19
.
1
7
7
3
8
1
0
.
9
3
9
4
2
ɛ’
’
5
.
6
1
3
9
0
2
1
5
.
8
8
3
6
4
1
6
.
1
8
9
0
8
9
.
8
6
6
1
8
5
30
ɛ’
5
9
.
2
0
3
8
8
4
6
.
7
9
5
2
5
25
.
3
4
0
7
8
1
4
.
5
5
1
2
1
ɛ’
’
4
.
4
8
3
4
5
1
1
5
.
0
9
2
4
4
1
9
.
2
4
6
2
5
1
2
.
6
0
1
0
6
3
.
3
.
T
he
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
em
pera
t
u
re
I
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
n
th
e
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
h
ad
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
A
ll
th
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
b
ee
n
h
ea
ted
u
p
u
s
i
n
g
h
ea
ted
p
late
u
n
til
i
t
r
ea
ch
ed
t
h
e
tar
g
et
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
s
et
f
r
o
m
2
5
°C
,
3
0
°
C
,
3
5
°C
,
4
0
°C
,
4
5
°C
,
an
d
5
0
°
C
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
h
ea
ted
u
p
a
n
d
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
s
tab
led
,
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
w
ill
b
e
p
r
o
b
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
,
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
ic
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
a
t
v
ar
io
u
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
it
s
ee
m
s
t
h
at
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
h
ad
g
i
v
en
an
e
f
f
e
ct.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ti
n
g
le
s
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
d
r
a
m
atic
w
h
e
n
h
ad
b
ee
n
h
ea
ted
u
p
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
at
2
5
°C
t
h
e
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
i
s
1
3
.
8
0
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z
b
u
t
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
to
3
8
.
0
4
w
h
e
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
at
3
0
°
C
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
d
ie
lectr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z
is
a
t
4
1
.
7
2
w
h
en
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
4
5
°C
.
T
h
er
e
i
s
r
ap
i
d
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
8
9
-
200
196
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
at
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
2
5
°C
to
3
0
°C
.
P
er
h
ap
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
b
o
n
d
s
b
et
w
ee
n
w
a
ter
m
o
lecu
le
s
an
d
s
ac
c
h
ar
id
e
m
o
lecu
les
ar
e
w
ea
k
e
n
i
n
g
a
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
es,
an
d
th
e
r
eo
r
ien
tatio
n
m
o
tio
n
s
o
f
w
ater
m
o
lecu
les
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ea
s
ier
[
9
]
.
W
ith
th
at,
t
h
e
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
il
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
D
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
e
is
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
c
lean
ed
a
n
d
w
ip
ed
an
d
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
o
f
air
g
ap
at
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
e
is
av
o
id
ed
w
h
e
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
is
d
o
n
e.
T
ab
le
3
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
tab
u
lated
d
ata
o
f
th
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
esu
l
t
o
f
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
s
t
in
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
at
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z,
1
0
0
0
MH
z,
5
0
0
0
MH
z
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
MH
z
an
d
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
at
2
5
°C
,
3
0
°C
,
35
°C
,
4
0
°C
,
4
5
°C
,
an
d
5
0
°
C
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
f
o
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
w
il
d
h
o
n
e
y
w
i
th
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
25
°C
,
3
0
°
C
,
3
5
°
C
,
4
0
°
C
,
4
5
°C
,
a
n
d
5
0
°
C
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
,
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
also
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
th
e
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
1
0
0
MH
z
i
n
cr
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
2
2
.
2
6
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
2
5
°C
to
2
8
.
1
8
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
3
0
°C
i
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
lo
w
es
t
d
ielec
tr
i
c
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
a
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z
is
2
2
.
2
6
w
h
en
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
at
2
5
°C
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
3
6
.
5
3
w
h
e
n
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
5
0
°C
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
2
5
°C
to
4
5
°C
b
u
t
w
h
en
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
is
at
5
0
°
C
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
a
l
o
w
er
v
alu
e.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
tab
u
lated
d
ata
o
f
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
w
i
ld
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
at
1
0
0
MH
z,
1
0
0
0
MH
z,
5
0
0
0
MH
z
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
MH
z
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
at
2
5
°C
,
3
0
°C
,
3
5
°C
,
4
0
°C
,
45
°C
an
d
5
0
°C
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Sti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
W
ild
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
l
ec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Dielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
erti
e
s
a
s
s
es
me
n
t o
f h
o
n
ey
b
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
A
s
lin
a
A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
197
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
i
c
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
w
ith
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
,
3
0
°C
,
35
°C
,
4
0
°C
,
4
5
°C
,
an
d
5
0
°C
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
t
an
t
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
w
ith
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
b
o
n
d
s
b
et
w
ee
n
w
ater
m
o
lec
u
les
a
n
d
s
ac
c
h
a
r
id
e
m
o
lecu
le
s
ar
e
w
ea
k
en
in
g
as
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
s
,
an
d
th
e
r
eo
r
ien
tatio
n
m
o
t
io
n
s
o
f
w
a
ter
m
o
lec
u
les
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
lo
w
est
d
ielec
tr
i
c
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
cia
l
h
o
n
e
y
is
2
2
.
9
4
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
4
5
°C
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
is
2
8
.
6
2
at
5
0
°C
.
T
h
e
d
ec
r
em
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
at
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
2
5
°
C
,
3
0
°C
,
an
d
3
5
°C
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
i
s
2
6
.
3
7
,
2
3
.
6
7
6
6
7
,
an
d
2
4
.
6
8
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
r
r
eg
u
lar
p
atter
n
i
s
s
ee
n
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es to
4
5
°C
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
b
u
t
w
h
en
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
to
5
0
°C
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
f
o
r
all
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
C
o
m
m
er
cial
h
o
n
e
y
v
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
s
tin
g
le
s
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
z
)
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
°
C
)
25
30
35
40
45
50
1
0
0
1
3
.
8
0
3
1
8
3
8
.
0
4
0
4
3
3
.
9
7
5
7
3
3
3
.
7
1
6
1
1
4
1
.
7
2
6
3
6
3
6
.
6
1
9
5
6
1
0
0
0
9
.
0
3
6
9
1
3
2
0
.
4
2
3
6
7
1
8
.
2
0
5
5
8
1
8
.
4
6
9
4
5
2
4
.
7
1
5
5
7
2
1
.
3
3
6
6
5
0
0
0
6
.
0
0
9
9
4
3
1
1
.
6
7
7
7
8
1
0
.
9
3
1
1
1
1
.
1
4
7
1
6
1
3
.
7
2
8
1
1
1
2
.
6
5
5
2
4
1
0
0
0
0
4
.
8
7
4
2
3
6
8
.
7
8
7
1
8
5
8
.
3
8
4
2
0
6
8
.
5
1
2
7
9
8
9
.
9
5
1
2
4
3
9
.
3
9
9
0
1
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
z
)
T
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
°
C
)
25
30
35
40
45
50
1
0
0
2
2
.
2
6
2
4
3
2
8
.
1
8
4
0
3
2
8
.
8
2
2
0
8
3
0
.
1
4
3
1
9
3
1
.
2
9
3
8
5
3
6
.
5
3
3
3
7
1
0
0
0
1
1
.
5
3
5
1
1
3
.
8
6
2
1
1
1
4
.
4
2
9
0
9
1
4
.
1
9
6
2
4
1
5
.
1
5
2
9
1
1
9
.
3
8
1
7
8
5
0
0
0
6
.
9
4
6
6
3
6
8
.
2
8
5
8
6
5
8
.
8
9
1
8
7
2
8
.
8
9
1
8
7
2
9
.
1
7
5
9
8
0
1
1
.
0
8
3
4
4
1
0
0
0
0
4
.
9
2
5
2
2
7
5
.
9
0
4
1
2
4
6
.
4
1
6
3
3
6
6
.
9
8
5
4
5
6
.
5
6
0
6
1
5
8
.
1
7
2
7
7
9
3
.
4
.
T
he
penet
ra
t
io
n dept
h o
f
ho
ney
T
h
e
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tab
u
lat
ed
d
ata
o
f
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
af
ter
all
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
ta
in
ed
.
A
ll
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
a
lu
e
w
ill
b
e
i
n
s
er
ted
in
to
p
en
e
tr
atio
n
d
ep
th
eq
u
ati
o
n
an
d
r
u
n
u
s
in
g
a
MA
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
is
r
ese
ar
ch
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
lo
w
er
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
p
e
n
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
h
ad
b
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ain
f
ac
to
r
in
g
etti
n
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
en
etr
ati
o
n
d
ep
th
o
f
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
lo
w
er
t
h
e
p
en
e
tr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
w
ill
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
I
t
m
i
g
h
t
lead
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t
al
s
o
ef
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t i
n
h
o
n
e
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
w
i
t
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
1
8
9
-
200
198
T
ab
le
5
.
P
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
o
f
s
tin
g
les
s
h
o
n
e
y
at
1
0
%,
2
0
%
,
an
d
3
0
% a
t 2
5
°C
in
m
H
o
n
e
y
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
H
z
)
W
a
t
e
r
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
(
%)
10
20
30
S
t
i
n
g
l
e
ss H
o
n
e
y
1
0
0
0
.
3
5
5
9
0
.
3
7
4
8
0
.
3
6
6
4
1
0
0
0
0
.
0
1
8
8
0
.
0
9
1
6
0
.
0
2
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
3
4
0
.
0
0
3
0
0
.
0
0
2
9
1
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
1
9
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
1
4
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
P
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
o
f
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
at
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
3
0
% o
f
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fro
m
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
w
ater
an
d
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
h
as
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
t
an
t
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
s
o
f
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
n
d
h
o
n
e
y
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ied
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e,
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
w
a
ter
co
n
ten
t.
A
d
d
in
g
w
ater
i
n
h
o
n
e
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
its
v
is
co
s
it
y
an
d
b
in
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
ce
s
to
io
n
ic
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t,
s
o
th
e
io
n
ic
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
p
la
y
s
a
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
o
le
i
n
t
h
e
lo
s
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
s
t
h
e
w
ater
co
n
ten
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
lo
w
l
y
an
d
lead
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
i
c
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
O
f
all
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
s
t
in
g
le
s
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
t
h
e
lo
w
es
t
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
w
ild
h
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
th
e
co
m
m
er
c
ial
h
o
n
e
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
t
m
a
y
b
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
ti
n
g
les
s
b
ee
h
o
n
e
y
h
ad
th
e
lo
w
est
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
w
ater
a
n
d
le
ad
to
lo
w
er
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
th
a
n
o
th
er
t
y
p
e
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
s
a
m
p
le
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
u
p
to
3
0
°
C
,
3
5
°
C
,
4
0
°
C
,
4
5
°C
,
a
n
d
5
0
°
C
,
t
h
e
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
n
e
y
w
ill
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
o
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
b
o
n
d
s
b
et
w
ee
n
w
a
ter
m
o
le
cu
les
a
n
d
s
ac
ch
ar
id
e
m
o
lecu
le
s
ar
e
w
ea
k
en
i
n
g
as
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
es
an
d
lead
to
h
ig
h
er
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
to
th
e
h
o
n
e
y
.
T
h
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
d
ep
th
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
en
er
g
y
i
n
all
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
ith
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
b
ee
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
w
ater
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
w
it
h
a
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
I
f
an
un
k
n
o
w
n
h
o
n
e
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
r
p
r
o
b
ed
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
di
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
p
u
r
e
h
o
n
e
y
,
o
r
lies
in
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ad
u
lter
ated
r
an
g
e,
th
e
p
u
r
it
y
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
So
,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
p
u
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
o
n
e
y
b
y
r
e
f
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
as a
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
r
atef
u
ll
y
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
r
a
,
C
a
w
a
n
g
an
P
u
lau
P
in
a
n
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.