Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
4654
~
4662
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
4654
-
46
62
4654
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Augmen
ted Re
ality Desig
n of Ind
onesia F
ruit Re
cogniti
on
Dewi
Agush
in
ta R
.
1
, I
h
san
Jatn
ik
a
2
,
Hen
n
y Med
ya
w
at
i
3
,
Husti
na
w
aty
4
1,
3
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ion
S
y
s
te
m
,
Gunad
arma
Univer
sit
y
,
Indo
nesia
2, 4
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ic
s
,
Gu
nada
rm
a
Univ
er
sit
y
,
Indon
esia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
30
, 201
7
Re
vised
Ma
y
3
, 201
8
Accepte
d
J
un
2
, 2
01
8
Augm
ent
ed
Reality
(AR)
is
on
e
of
the
popu
l
ar
t
ec
hnolog
ie
s
nowada
y
s.
Along
with
the
te
chno
logi
c
al
ad
vanc
es,
Augm
ent
ed
Re
al
i
t
y
is
an
eff
ort
to
combine
th
e
r
ea
l
world
and
vir
tu
al
worlds
creat
e
d
through
computer
s
so
th
a
t
the
bound
ar
y
b
et
wee
n
the
two
bec
om
es
ve
r
y
thi
n
b
ecause
Augm
ent
ed
Rea
lit
y
allows
users
to
int
eract
in
rea
l
-
ti
m
e
wi
th
the
s
y
st
em.
Augm
ent
ed
Rea
lit
y
ca
n
b
e
a
ppli
ed
in
var
iou
s
fie
lds
ac
cor
d
in
g
to
the
nee
ds
o
f
ea
ch
user.
One
appl
icati
on
is
on
Android
-
base
d
m
obil
e
har
dware
app
li
c
at
ions.
Th
i
s
rese
arc
h
d
eve
lo
ped
the
Augm
ent
ed
Reality
b
at
t
l
e
with
som
e
of
the
feature
s
m
ore
int
er
ac
t
ive,
intere
st
ing
and
cl
e
are
r
informa
ti
on
to
facil
i
ta
t
e
the
user
in
it
s
oper
a
ti
on.
T
his
Augm
ent
ed
Rea
lit
y
is
app
l
ie
d
to
th
e
Andr
oid
m
obil
e
devi
c
e
with
the
name
of
Fruit
Garde
n.
Thi
s
p
ape
r
pr
ese
nte
d
of
designi
ng
Augm
ent
ed
Rea
l
ity
for
re
cognizi
ng
the
frui
t
of
I
ndonesia
ar
chi
p
e
la
go
which
will
giv
e a
d
iffe
r
ent
v
ie
w of
per
f
orm
ing
the
fruit
image
and
infor
m
at
ion
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Androi
d
Augm
ented
rea
li
ty
D
esi
gn
Fr
uit
G
ar
den
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Dew
i
A
gu
s
hi
nta R
,
Dep
a
rt
m
ent o
f
Inform
at
ion
System
,
Guna
darm
a
Un
ive
rsity
,
Jl. Mar
gonda
Ra
ya
N
o.
100 Po
ndok Ci
na
, Dep
ok
16424,
West Ja
va
, I
ndon
e
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
dew
ia
r
@
sta
ff.gu
nad
a
rm
a.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
de
velo
pm
ent
of
c
om
pu
te
r
te
chnolo
gy
and
the
s
upport
of
in
form
a
ti
on
te
ch
no
l
ogy
based
on
m
ob
il
e
m
uch
help
in
s
olv
i
ng
inf
orm
ation
and
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
pro
blem
.
Ever
y
on
e
is
ver
y
easy
to
a
cces
s
inf
or
m
at
ion
without
bein
g
at
ta
ched
to
the
pl
ace
becau
se
of
the
easy
acce
s
s
to
In
te
r
net
ne
tworks
a
nd
m
ob
il
e
-
base
d
in
f
or
m
ation
-
base
d
de
vi
ces. I
n
the
earl
y
de
velo
pm
ent
of
m
ob
il
e
de
vi
ces,
es
pecial
ly
m
ob
il
e
phon
es
,
each
vend
or
m
akes
their
own
platfor
m
,
so
the
ap
plica
ti
on
is
m
a
de
only
fo
r
a
pro
duct
.
This
is
no
t
pr
of
it
able
f
or
t
he
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
the
ap
plica
ti
on
it
sel
f
because
the
e
xisti
ng
ap
plica
ti
on
s
a
re
ver
y
de
penden
t
on
t
he
brand
of
m
ob
il
e
phon
es
.
A
platfo
rm
that
is
cu
rr
e
ntly
in
use
by
m
any
app
li
cat
io
n
de
velo
per
s
is
A
ndr
oid
.
T
hey
c
hoos
e
this o
per
at
i
ng s
yst
e
m
b
ecause
it
is o
pe
n
s
ourc
e.
The
de
velo
pe
r
s
can
us
e
it
f
or
fr
ee
by
cust
om
iz
ing
the
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s
that
will
be
in
us
e.
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
(A
R)
i
s
a
te
ch
nolo
gy
that
c
om
bin
es
three
-
dim
ension
al
virt
ual
ob
j
ect
s
int
o
a
re
al
three
-
dim
ension
al
env
i
ronm
ent
a
nd
d
isplay
s
the
m
in
real
t
i
m
e.
Un
li
ke
virtu
al
r
eal
it
y
that
co
m
ple
te
ly
su
persedes
reali
ty
,
a
reali
ty
is
add
e
d
sim
ply
to
add
or
c
om
ple
m
ent
reali
ty
.
I
m
pr
ove
d
reali
ty
can
be
a
pp
li
ed
t
o
al
l
senses,
i
nc
lud
in
g
hear
i
ng,
tou
c
h,
and
sm
el
l.
A
na
vig
at
io
n
syst
e
m
with
a
n
AR
ap
plica
ti
on
that
us
es
a
ca
m
era
and
GP
S
is
introd
uced.
Th
e
inform
at
ion
arou
nd
t
he
us
e
r
will
be
re
flect
ed
in
real
-
ti
m
e.
Use
rs
can
fi
nd
t
he
buil
ding
the
y
are
lo
ok
i
ng
f
or
or
get
w
hat
they
wa
nt
ar
ound.
The
te
ch
no
l
og
y
m
ade
is
div
i
ded
into
three
bases
,
s
ens
or
s
,
visio
n
an
d
hybr
i
d
traci
n
g
te
chnolo
gy
[
1].
An
AR
protot
ype
has
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
to
s
uppress
oil
le
aks.
Oil
le
akag
e
se
nsor
data
m
akes
exp
l
or
at
io
n
an
d
data
visu
al
iz
a
ti
on
dif
ficult
to
m
anag
e.
A
ut
om
a
ti
c
AR
that
can
sci
entifi
cal
ly
visu
al
iz
e,
m
ake
identific
at
io
n,
local
iz
at
ion
,
a
nd
vis
ualiz
at
ion
of
le
aka
ge
da
ta
can
be
s
el
ect
ed
and
m
anag
e
d
with
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
prot
otype
[
2].
H
oweve
r,
t
he
AR
te
chnolo
gy
wi
th
the
sub
j
ect
of
fruit
are stil
l rare
.
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
can
al
so
be
use
d
as
a
m
ediu
m
o
f
recog
niti
on
of
a
n
obj
ect
su
c
h
as
the
introd
uctio
n
of
fruit
ty
pes
in
the
f
orm
of
inform
at
ion
by
us
ing
a
m
ob
il
e
Androi
d
dev
ic
e.
I
n
this
pap
e
r,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Au
gm
e
nted
Re
alit
y D
esi
gn
of
Ind
on
esi
a
… (
Dewi
Agus
hin
t
a
R
.
)
4655
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
will
us
e
a d
iffe
re
nt
rec
og
niti
on
m
et
ho
d
t
o
visu
al
iz
e
t
he
i
m
age
of
f
r
uit
as
an
o
bject
. A
fruit
recog
niti
on
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is dev
el
op
e
d
based
on co
lo
r,
s
hap
e
at
t
rib
utes
an
d
siz
e
-
base
d.
T
he
m
et
ho
d
cl
assifi
es
and
recog
nizes
f
ru
i
t
i
m
ages
base
d
on
obta
ined
featu
res
val
ue
s
by
usi
ng
ne
arest
nei
ghbo
r
cl
assifi
cat
ion
[3
]
.
A
view
po
i
nt in
va
riant s
olu
ti
on
f
or
i
ntra
-
cl
ass re
cogniti
on of
f
ru
it
s
by co
m
bin
in
g
c
olor and
t
extur
e
f
eat
ure
s u
si
ng
a
Ne
ur
al
Network
(
NN)
cl
assifi
er
is
e
xperim
ented
[4
]
.
Propose
d
of
i
m
age
analy
sis
al
gorithm
s
est
i
m
a
ti
on
m
od
el
s
per
f
orm
ed
accuratel
y
us
in
g
can
opy
and
fruit
featu
r
es
us
in
g
BP
N
N
[
5].
H
oweve
r,
these
m
et
hods
use
d
two
-
dim
ensional
i
m
age d
at
a
of fr
uits.
A
di
ff
e
ren
t
m
et
ho
d
to
rec
ognize
the
f
rui
ts
has
create
d.
AR
create
s
a
m
od
er
n
en
vi
ronm
ent
by
com
bin
ing
real
an
d
virtu
al
en
vir
on
m
ents'
interact
ivit
y
so
t
he
us
e
rs
feel
th
at
the
e
nv
i
ron
m
ent
create
d
is
real.
Thr
ee
-
dim
ensi
on
im
age
data
of
f
ru
it
can
be
e
m
erg
ed
,
ex
posing
s
om
e
inform
ation
on
the
fruit
ty
pe
directl
y
by
the
suppo
rt
of
m
ul
ti
ple
sensors
set
on
AR
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
es
[6
]
.
This
pap
e
r
pr
e
sents
the
desig
n
of
m
aki
ng
th
i
s
Fr
uit
Garden
A
R
app
li
cat
ion,
bu
t
no
t
t
he
im
plem
entat
ion
ye
t.
This
F
ru
it
Garde
n
ap
pli
cat
ion
will
gi
ve
a
real
env
i
ronm
ent inf
orm
ation
. T
he
p
ape
r
will
co
nsi
st of
so
m
e p
arts, an
intr
oduc
ti
on
, th
e m
et
ho
d,
the U
ML
de
sign,
with a
disc
us
si
on and t
he
c
oncl
us
io
n.
2.
METHO
D
The
resea
rch
m
et
ho
d
us
e
d
f
or
de
sig
ning
the
A
ug
m
ented
Re
al
i
ty
is
di
vid
e
d
into
sev
eral
sta
ges,
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
1.
I
n
the
pl
ann
i
ng
phase,
identific
at
ion
of
pro
blem
s
a
nd
i
nfor
m
at
ion
relat
ed
to
res
earch
is
perform
ed.
Suppo
rting
the
ori
es
are
colle
ct
ed
from
m
any
resour
ces
.
Furtherm
or
e,
in
the
analy
sis
ph
ase
form
ulate
d
pro
blem
-
so
lving
ba
s
ed
on
s
uppor
ti
ng
the
or
y
that
has
bee
n
c
ollec
te
d
in
the
for
m
of
an
ov
e
r
view
of
the
w
orkin
gs
of
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
pr
ogram
create
d.
At
the
de
sign
sta
ge
of
t
he
a
pp
li
cat
ion
pro
gr
am
is
design
e
d
in
acc
ordan
ce
with
the
pro
blem
so
lving
that
has
be
en
determ
ined.
T
he
d
esi
gn
c
on
du
ct
e
d
by
cr
e
at
ing
a
Un
i
fied
M
od
el
ing
Lan
guage
(UML) m
od
el
in
g
as
w
el
l as
de
sign
i
ng the i
nterf
ace
[
7].
Figure
1. The
m
et
ho
d
In
desi
gn
i
ng
this
A
ugm
ented
Re
al
it
y
appl
ic
at
ion
pro
gra
m
,
we
need
to
c
on
si
der
and
analy
z
e
hard
war
e
an
d
so
ft
war
e
re
quirem
ent
that
wi
ll
be
us
ed
f
or
the
pro
gr
am
c
an
r
un
as
ex
pe
ct
ed.
The
proc
ess
of
dev
el
op
i
ng
thi
s
app
li
cat
ion
pro
gr
am
req
uire
s
hardw
a
re
an
d
softwa
re
as
m
edia
and
to
ols
us
ed
.
It
sta
rts
fr
om
the
m
od
el
design
un
ti
l
the
com
plete
d
pro
gr
am
as
well
wh
e
n
the
pro
gr
am
is
i
m
p
leme
nted
into
t
he
real
env
i
ronm
ent.
Ther
e
is
so
m
e
hardw
a
re
r
equ
i
red
f
or
the
Fruit
Garde
n
ap
plica
ti
on
program
sta
r
ts
fr
om
the
m
anu
fact
ur
e
,
s
tora
ge
un
ti
l
th
e
pro
gr
am
is
use
d
in
the
act
ua
l
conditi
on.
F
irst
is
a
com
pu
te
r
t
hat
is
use
d
f
or
desig
ning,
w
ri
ti
ng
pro
gr
am
s,
and
te
sti
ng
the
pro
gr
am
.
Nex
t
is
a
database
ser
ver
th
at
serv
es
as
da
ta
base
stora
ge
c
on
ta
i
ni
ng
fruit
d
at
a
a
nd o
t
her inf
or
m
at
ion
w
il
l be
us
e
d
f
or the
pr
ogram
.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
t
hi
s
program
req
ui
res
a
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
e
that
has
a
m
ini
m
al
Android
ca
m
er
a
sens
or.
Alm
os
t
all
m
o
bile
dev
ic
es
wi
th
the
And
ro
i
d
op
e
rati
ng
syst
e
m
al
read
y
hav
e
the
cam
era.
This
too
l
ser
ve
s
as
a
m
edium
to
instal
l
and
run
pr
ogram
s
that
will
be
us
e
d
by
the
us
er
to
get
inf
or
m
at
ion
on
th
e
fr
uits.
Ta
ble
1
is
a
li
st of
hard
ware use
d
t
o
cr
eat
e an
d run
pro
gra
m
s.
It
al
so
requires
software
f
or
pro
gr
am
m
ing
and
im
ple
m
entin
g
it
beside
s
the
hardw
a
re.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n
t
o
the
ope
rati
ng
syst
e
m
that
be
ca
m
e
the
basi
c
softwa
re,
t
he
desi
gn
of
t
he
pro
gr
am
for
t
he
dev
el
opers
of
the
Androi
d
opera
ti
ng
syst
em
r
equ
i
res
ot
her
so
ft
war
e
.
The
so
ft
war
e
incl
ud
e
s
JD
K,
Ec
li
ps
e,
A
DT
Pl
ug
i
n,
Androi
d
S
DK,
Ma
p
A
PI,
W
i
kitud
e
A
PI
,
an
d
My
SQ
L
to
proces
s
data
bas
e
ser
ver
.
Table
2
is
a
li
st
of
s
of
t
war
e
us
e
d
to
c
reate
and
r
un
the
program
.A
t
this
sta
ge,
a
m
od
el
will
be
desig
ned
in
Un
i
fi
ed
Mod
el
in
g
Lan
gu
a
ge
(U
ML
),
a
nd th
e Fruit
Garde
n app
li
cat
io
n
int
erf
ace a
s
well
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4654
-
4662
4656
Table
1.
Hard
war
e
Req
uirem
ent
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
Re
m
ark
Co
m
p
u
ter
M
i
n
i
m
a
l
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
:
1.
P
r
o
c
ess
o
r
I
n
t
el
Co
re
2
Du
o
P
7
5
5
0
2.
2
6
G
H
z
2.
M
e
m
o
r
y
2
GB RA
M
3.
GE
F
o
rce
9
4
0
0M
4.
H
ard
D
isk
2
5
0
GB
M
obi
l
e
D
ev
i
c
e
M
i
n
i
m
a
l
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
:
1.
Op
er
at
i
n
g
Sy
s
t
e
m
A
nd
r
o
i
d
2.
2
.1
(
Fr
o
y
o
)
2.
P
r
o
c
ess
o
r
A
R
M
v6
6
0
0
M
H
z
3.
M
e
m
o
r
y
2
7
9
M
B
R
A
M
4.
QVGA
(
2
4
0
X
3
2
0)
p
i
x
el r
e
so
l
u
t
io
n
dis
p
lay
5.
Ge
n
er
a
l
H
S
D
P
A
7.
2
M
b
p
s,
9
0
0
/
2
1
0
0
MH
z
,
E
D
GE
/
GPR
S
8
5
0
/
9
0
0
/
18
0
0/
1
9
0
0
MH
z
6.
Ca
m
e
ra
D
a
tab
a
se
Se
rv
e
r
h
tt
p
s
:
//
d
ev
e
l
o
p
e
r
.v
u
f
o
r
i
a.
co
m/
q
d
ev
n
e
t
/
pr
o
j
e
c
t
s
U
S
B cab
le
A cable to co
n
n
ect
dev
ices to
the co
m
p
u
te
r.
Table
2.
Softw
are Req
uirem
ent
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
Re
m
ark
Wi
n
d
o
ws 7
Op
e
r
a
tio
n
sy
s
t
e
m
QCAR
S
DK
V
UF
O
R
I
A
J
a
v
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
l
i
b
r
a
r
y
E
c
l
i
p
se H
e
l
i
os
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
o
d
e
v
e
lo
p
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
a
n
g
u
ag
e
p
rog
ra
m
m
in
g
env
i
ron
m
en
t
An
d
r
o
id
S
DK
(
Sof
t
wa
re
D
eve
lo
p
m
e
n
t
K
i
t
)
An
d
r
o
id
pro
g
ra
m
d
ev
elo
p
er
to
o
l
CY
G
W
I
N
C
+
+ lang
u
ag
e co
m
p
i
ler
Ad
o
b
e
P
h
o
to
shop
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
n
d
e
d
i
t
an
i
m
a
g
e
3.
UN
I
FIED
MODEL
IN
G
L
ANGU
AGE
(
UM
L
) MO
DE
LING
OF TH
E
FR
UITG
A
RD
E
N
This
sect
io
n
w
il
l
be
di
vid
e
d
i
nto
t
wo
pa
rts.
First
pa
rt
will
exp
la
in
how
t
he
proces
s
of
th
e
ap
plica
ti
on
thr
ough the
m
od
el
ing. T
he
s
ec
ond pa
rt w
il
l d
escribe t
he
m
ock
-
up
desig
n o
f
the
Fruit
Ga
rden in
te
rf
ace
.
3.1.
UM
L
Model
ing
It
has
bec
om
e
an
obso
le
te
or
an
ol
d
m
et
ho
d
of
dev
el
opm
ent
wh
e
n
de
sign
i
ng
a
n
a
pp
li
cat
ion
with
abstract
analy
s
is
and
desig
n.
Using
UML
too
ls
will
help
dev
el
op
e
rs
in
desig
ning
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
a
n
app
li
cat
io
n
that
su
pport
s
obj
ect
-
base
d
pr
ogram
m
ing
.
UML
is
us
ed
to
bu
il
d
effe
ct
ive
m
ob
il
e
cl
ou
d
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
The
Am
azon
Web
Ser
vice
and
A
ndr
oid
m
ob
il
e
platform
are
us
ed
t
o
m
od
el
pro
fi
le
s
an
d
diag
ram
s
again
st
m
ob
il
e
cl
oud
-
base
d
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s.
UML
is
us
e
d
t
o
s
horte
n
the
ga
p
betw
een
s
of
t
war
e
de
sign
and
im
ple
m
entat
ion
.
UML
ca
n
be
us
e
d
to
r
edu
ce
t
he
com
plexity
of
m
obil
e
app
li
cat
ion
dev
el
op
m
ent
[
8]
.
I
n
this resea
rch,
we
m
od
el
ed us
e case
diagram
, s
e
qu
e
nce
diag
ram
, an
d
act
ivi
ty
d
ia
gr
am
f
or
the appli
cat
ion.
In
t
he
F
ru
it
G
ar
den
ap
plica
ti
on
,
A
ug
m
ented
Re
al
it
y
us
er
m
en
u
an
d
t
he
se
rv
e
r
m
us
t
be
c
onnected
to
the
i
m
age
so
t
he
m
ark
er
detect
ion
ca
n
be
run
well
.
Users
and
ser
ver
s
c
a
n
co
nnect
w
he
n
the
re
is
an
i
nter
net
connecti
on
or
on
li
ne
becau
se
al
l
data
i
n
F
r
ui
tGard
e
n
rec
ogniti
on
ap
plica
ti
on
sto
re
d
on
a
serv
e
r.
T
he
data
will
be
an
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
wh
ic
h
will
autom
a
ti
cal
ly
app
ear
i
f
the
cam
era
has
correct
ly
detect
ed
a
m
ark
er
.
This
Fr
uit
Garden
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
can
al
so
r
un
offli
ne
,
but
only
to
see
oth
e
r
in
for
m
at
ion
su
c
h
as
the
Fruit
m
enu
that
con
ta
in
s
in
for
m
at
ion
an
d
gal
le
ry
of
the
f
ru
it
s,
as
well
as
i
nfo
rm
ation
m
enu
.
Fruit
Ga
rd
e
n
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
use
case
diag
ram
is sh
own
in Fi
gure
2.
Figure
2. Fruit
Garde
n use cas
e d
ia
gram
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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om
p
En
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20
88
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8708
Au
gm
e
nted
Re
alit
y D
esi
gn
of
Ind
on
esi
a
… (
Dewi
Agus
hin
t
a
R
.
)
4657
Acti
vity
diag
ra
m
of
the
Fruit
Garde
n
ap
plica
ti
on
il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ure
3
st
arts
with
ope
nin
g
the
m
ai
n
m
enu
.
T
her
e
a
re
three
act
ivit
y
m
enu
s
ch
oice,
AR
m
enu
,
f
ru
it
rec
ogniti
on,
a
nd
in
f
or
m
at
ion
.
I
n
AR
m
enu,
act
ivit
y
will
c
on
ti
nue
to
dis
play
how
to
use
the
ap
plica
ti
on
a
nd
a
butt
on
t
o
sta
rt
det
ect
ing
a
m
ark
er.
F
ru
it
recog
niti
on
m
e
nu
c
onsist
s
of
m
ark
er
detect
ion
act
i
v
it
y.
Th
e
fruit
data
or
i
nfor
m
at
ion
in
t
he
AR
f
or
m
will
be
sh
ow
n
if
t
he
app
li
cat
io
n
ca
n
de
te
ct
m
arker
pr
op
e
rly
.
It
m
eans
if
we
tou
c
h
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y,
the
fruit
inf
or
m
at
ion
will
app
ear.
In
t
he
Fruit
m
enu
act
ivit
y,
there
are
severa
l
cho
ic
es
of
f
r
uit
colle
ct
ion
s.
E
ach
of
wh
ic
h
ha
s
dif
f
eren
t
in
form
at
i
on
a
nd
galle
rie
s.
Wh
il
e
the
in
form
ation
act
ivit
y
will
disp
la
y
inform
ation
i
n
the
form
o
f
a
ddres
s and
phone
nu
m
ber
o
f A
gr
ic
ultur
al
Mi
nist
r
y.
Figure
4
is
a
be
hav
i
or
al
re
pr
e
sentat
ion
a
rr
a
nged
as
a
series
of
pr
act
ic
al
ste
ps
.
T
he
seq
ue
nc
e
diagr
am
us
es
on
e
act
or,
f
our
pa
rtic
ip
ants
with
t
he
li
feli
ne
ba
r,
a
nd
ni
ne
interc
onnecte
d
m
essages.
T
he
flo
w
beg
i
ns
wh
e
n
a
us
e
r
opens
the
ap
plica
ti
on
us
in
g
a
n
Androi
d
ph
on
e
that
will
ap
pe
ar
the
m
ai
n
vie
w
of
t
his
Fruit
Garde
n
pro
gr
am
,
wh
i
c
h
co
ntains
pro
file
and
m
enu
.
The
u
ser
ca
n
sel
ect
m
enu
from
the
pr
ofi
le
m
enu
a
vaila
ble.
T
he
m
enu
s
on
the
prof
il
e
pa
ge
con
sist
of
A
ugm
ented
Re
al
ity
(A
R),
Fruit
(fru
it
galle
ry),
and
inf
o
(a
dd
ress
a
nd
phone
nu
m
ber
)
.
The
fi
rst
ap
plica
ti
on
will
go
into
the
m
ai
n
pag
e
view
,
but
the
inter
net
ne
twork
relat
es
to
the
m
ob
il
e
Androi
d
m
us
t
be
avail
able.
On
the
m
ai
n
pag
e,
pr
of
il
e
sel
ect
s
the
Augme
nted
Re
al
it
y
(A
R)
m
enu
,
aft
er
the
entry
will
i
m
m
ediat
el
y
app
ear
the
proce
dure
of
us
in
g
th
e
AR
app
li
cat
ion.
T
his
pag
e
has
a
butt
on
m
enu
to
sta
rt
Re
cogniti
on
m
ark
er.
Re
cogniti
on
m
ark
er
re
quires
se
ver
al
proce
sse
s
fo
r
the
detect
ion
by
the
V
ufor
ia
serv
e
r.
I
f
the
m
ark
er
detect
i
on
process
is
su
ccess
fu
l
the
n
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
Fr
uitGar
de
n
will
app
ea
r
al
ong
with
ad
diti
ona
l
inform
at
ion
.
Othe
r
m
enu
s
can
al
so
be
sel
ect
ed
in
us
e
of
t
his
ap
plica
ti
on
,
a
no
t
he
r
m
enu
consi
sti
ng
of
F
ru
it
(
fruit
galle
ry)
a
nd
i
nfo
(infor
m
at
ion
).
T
he
f
r
uit
m
enu
con
ta
in
s
a
galle
ry
of
f
ru
it
a
nd
in
fo
m
enu
c
on
ta
i
nin
g ad
dress i
nfo
rm
ation
a
nd ph
on
e
num
ber
of
Agricult
ural
M
inis
try
.
Figure
3. Fruit
Garde
n
act
ivit
y diag
ram
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4654
-
4662
4658
Figure
4. Fruit
Garde
n
se
qu
e
nc
e d
ia
gram
3.2.
I
nt
er
f
ace
Design
This
sect
ion
w
il
l
exp
la
in
the
interface
de
sig
ns
will
be
bu
il
t
in
this
Fr
uitG
ard
e
n
ap
plica
ti
on.
Broa
dly
desig
ne
d
In
te
rfac
es
to
be
exp
l
ai
ned
di
vid
e
d
into
tw
o
,
the
m
ai
n
pag
e
desig
n
an
d
the
desig
n
of
the
m
enu
page
.
The
desi
gn
of
the
m
a
in
pag
e
of
this
ap
plica
ti
on
is
a
sp
la
sh
scree
n
an
d
prof
il
e.
T
he
m
ai
n
pa
ge
has
s
ever
a
l
m
enu
s
,
A
ugm
e
nted
Re
al
it
y (
AR)
m
enu
s
, Fr
uit (fr
uit gall
er
y)
,
a
nd Inform
at
ion
.
The
inter
face
desig
n
in
this
sect
ion
co
ntains
a
sp
la
sh
sc
reen
an
d
pr
of
i
le
.
On
the
m
a
i
n
pa
ge,
th
e
sp
la
sh
scree
n
will
first
ap
pe
ar
on
t
he
ope
ni
ng
pa
ge.
Wh
il
e
the
m
ai
n
pag
e
prof
il
e
as
t
he
par
e
nt
pa
ge
in
this
app
li
cat
io
n
,
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
T
he
s
plash
s
creen
on
the
t
op
pa
ge
c
onta
in
s
the
ope
ning
i
m
age
that
ap
pe
ars
a
few
sec
onds
be
fore
the
pr
of
il
e
pag
e
.
A
fter
the
sp
la
s
h
scree
n
ap
pears
then
the
ne
xt
is
to
di
sp
la
y
the
m
ain
pa
ge
prof
il
e a
p
plica
t
ion
w
hich
c
onta
ins the
m
enu
bu
tt
on a
nd te
xt
as in
Fig
ur
e
6.
The
i
nterf
ace
desig
n
on
the
AR
m
enu
page
co
ntains
i
nfo
rm
ation
on
ho
w
to
us
e
AR
Re
cogniti
on.
The
pa
ge
inf
orm
s
the
ste
ps
us
er
m
us
t
per
form
bef
ore
us
i
ng
the
ap
plica
tio
n
.
Wh
en
the
us
er
has
gr
a
s
pe
d
the
sta
ges
then
the
us
er
can
im
mediat
el
y
sta
rt
t
he
Re
cogniti
on
m
ark
er
to
get
Au
gm
ented
Re
al
it
y.
The
design
of
the p
a
ge
c
an
be seen
in Fi
gur
e 7
.
On
ce
the
us
er
sta
rts
the
Re
cog
niti
on
m
ark
er
then
the
A
ugm
ented
Re
al
ity
view
will
app
ear
.
O
n
this
AR
pa
ge,
th
e
us
er
ca
n
al
so
see
the
about
and
prof
il
e
m
e
nu.
This
m
enu
con
ta
ins
flas
h
on
(acti
vate
c
a
m
era
flash
),
co
nt.
A
utofoc
us
f
or
a
ca
m
era
and
the
n
ab
out
the
ap
plica
ti
on
de
vel
op
e
r.
T
he
de
sign
of
t
he
pa
ge
can
be
seen i
n
Fi
gure
8.
Figure
5. Fruit
Garde
n
s
plash
s
creen
hom
e p
age
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Au
gm
e
nted
Re
alit
y D
esi
gn
of
Ind
on
esi
a
… (
Dewi
Agus
hin
t
a
R
.
)
4659
Figure
6. Fruit
Garde
n prof
il
e
in m
ai
n
m
enu
Figure
7. Fruit
Garde
n AR m
e
nu p
a
ge
Figure
8. Fruit
Garde
n
al
ert m
enu opti
on
The
i
nterf
ace
on
the
Fruit
m
enu
pa
ge
c
onta
ins
a
galle
ry
of
f
ru
it
s.
This
f
r
uit
galle
ry
is
a
n
a
dd
it
io
nal
featur
e
in
the
Fr
uit
Garden
ap
plica
ti
on
.
With
this
ad
diti
on
al
featu
re,
us
er
s
can
view
the
f
r
uit
li
st
avail
able
for
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y.
Hen
ce,
the
us
e
r
ha
s
no
diff
ic
ulty
in
ge
tt
ing
the
inf
orm
at
ion
.
T
he
de
sign
of
the
frui
t
pag
e
can
be
see
n
i
n Fi
gure
9
.
The
F
ru
it
Ga
rden
pa
ge
in
Fi
gure
9
co
ns
ist
s
of
se
ver
al
f
r
uit
m
enu
s,
ra
re
fruit
,
pro
du
ct
i
on
fruit
and
seaso
nal
fruit
.
The
f
ru
it
is
or
iginal
I
ndonesi
an
fruit
s
.
I
ns
id
e
the
m
enu
s
con
ta
in
fruit
inf
or
m
at
ion
and
galle
ry
m
enu
.
I
n
the Ga
ll
ery
m
enu
o
n t
he
info
rm
at
ion
p
a
ge
co
ntain
s p
ic
tures
of th
e fr
uit, the f
r
uit i
s a
co
m
m
on
o
bj
ect
fruit
for
t
ouris
m
. F
igu
re
10 s
hows
t
he fr
uit
galle
ry.
Fi
gure
11 sho
ws
i
nform
at
ion
pa
ge.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4654
-
4662
4660
Figure
9. Fruit
Garde
n
m
enu
pag
e
Figure
10. Fr
uit im
age o
n F
ru
i
tGar
den g
al
le
r
y
pag
e
Figure
11. Fr
uitGar
den info
r
m
at
ion
p
a
ge
Ma
king
Augme
nted
Re
al
it
y
req
ui
res
a
cam
e
ra
that
is
fea
sible
f
or
the
m
ark
er
rec
ogniti
on
proces
s
for
the
ap
plica
ti
on
to
r
un p
r
op
e
rl
y.
As
well
as
a
good p
r
ogram
desig
n
ca
n
rec
ognize
the
m
ar
ker
quickly
[
9
]
.
The
n
we
do
sta
rt
th
e
m
ark
er
pr
oject
and
en
sure
that
al
l
the
req
ui
red
to
ols
are
instal
le
d
pro
per
ly
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
m
et
adata
is
a
data
file
sh
ould
be
m
ade
that
con
ta
in
s
the
nam
e
JSON.
T
he
file
w
il
l
be
up
loa
de
d
int
o
Fr
uit
Garden
da
ta
base
on
V
ufo
ria
[
10
]
.
Me
ta
d
at
a
is
create
d
us
i
ng
no
te
pa
d
an
d
the
n
fill
with
the
sam
e
JSON
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Au
gm
e
nted
Re
alit
y D
esi
gn
of
Ind
on
esi
a
… (
Dewi
Agus
hin
t
a
R
.
)
4661
nam
es
as
the
JSON
file
s
on
t
he
co
ntent.
M
akin
g
Fruit
Garden
Augm
ented
Re
al
it
y
req
uires
so
m
e
i
m
a
ges
of
fruit
s
as
the
i
m
age
uplo
aded
to
t
he
ser
ver
V
ufo
ria
an
d
us
e
d
as
a
m
ark
er
[
11
]
.
The
sit
e
of
htt
ps
:/
/devel
oper.
vuforia.c
om/
will
be
us
e
d
to
uploa
d
thes
e
fruit
i
m
ages.
Be
fore
the
im
age
is
uploa
de
d,
t
he
first
im
age
is
pr
oces
sed
dig
it
a
ll
y
by
us
ing
Pa
int
and
P
ho
t
oshop
to
ha
ve
be
tt
er
qu
al
it
y.
Th
is
fruit
i
m
ages
will
hav
e
em
erg
ed
i
n
th
ree
-
dim
ension
al
form
.
This
AR
a
ppli
cat
ion
ca
n
be
e
xp
ect
e
d
c
om
bi
ned
with
oth
e
r
agr
ic
ultur
al
fie
lds
resea
rc
h.
A
r
esearc
h
of
i
m
age
processi
ng
dia
gnos
es
t
he
le
aves
dise
ase
is
possible
to
be
em
bed
de
d
int
o
AR
[
12
]
.
E
valuati
on
of
t
he
conditi
on
of
t
he
fruit
has
ex
pe
rim
ented.
H
oweve
r,
t
her
e
ar
e
seve
ral
te
ch
ni
qu
es
pe
rfor
m
ed
in
the
a
gr
ic
ul
tural
industry, es
pec
ia
ll
y
in o
bse
r
vi
ng
t
he
co
ndit
io
ns
in
t
he
f
ru
it
. Quali
ty
o
f fr
uit and
m
at
ur
it
y lev
el
is the ev
al
uated
par
am
et
ers.
S
m
oo
th
evaluati
on
te
ch
niques
are
usi
ng
ultrason
ic
m
easur
e
m
ents,
li
gh
t
s
pe
ct
ro
sc
op
y,
MR
I
a
nd
X
-
Ra
y, c
om
pute
r
visio
n, an
d othe
rs.
Eval
uation o
f usin
g A
R t
echn
i
qu
e
is
al
so
c
halle
ng
i
ng
[
13
].
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
An
A
ug
m
ented
Re
al
it
y
desig
n
a
pp
li
cat
ion,
t
he
F
ru
it
Ga
r
den
will
recog
nize
fruit
ty
pes
of
us
in
g
cl
ou
d
recog
niti
on
m
et
hod
on
the
Androi
d
m
ob
il
e
de
vice.
T
his
ap
plica
ti
on
w
il
l
disp
la
y
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
of
t
he
existi
ng
f
ru
it
by
us
in
g
t
he
ca
m
era
on h
an
dp
hone
so
that us
er
ca
n
easi
er
to
know
t
he
in
f
orm
ation
o
f
t
he
fruit
in
real
-
ti
m
e, interesti
ng
a
nd inte
racti
ve deta
il
s.
This
propose
d m
et
ho
d
is
dif
fe
ren
t i
n
any
frui
t reco
gnit
ion
s
yst
e
m
avail
able.
T
he
i
m
ple
m
entat
i
on
will
be
w
orke
d
la
te
r.
This
F
r
uitGar
den
ap
plica
ti
on
e
nr
ic
hes
t
he
AR
te
chnolo
gy in
obj
ect
s
var
ia
ti
on.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
wor
k
is
pa
rtia
ll
y
su
pport
ed
by
I
ndon
e
sia
Mi
nistr
y
of
Re
s
earc
h
Tech
nolo
gy
and
Hi
gher
Ed
ucati
on
-
Ke
m
enr
ist
ekd
i
kti
Gr
a
nt
No.
0421/K
3/KM/2
01
7
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Chee
Oh
Chung
,
Yilun
He,
Hoe
K
y
ung
Jung,
“
Augm
ent
ed
Reality
N
avi
ga
ti
on
S
y
stem
on
Andr
oid”
,
Int
ernati
on
al
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
Vol.
6
,
No.
1
,
pp
.
406
-
4
12
,
Februa
r
y
20
16.
[2]
Folorunso Olufem
i
A.,
Mohd Sh
ahr
izal
S
.
,
Ikotu
n
Abiodun
M.
,
“
Augm
ent
ed
Re
alit
y
Protot
y
p
e
for
Visuali
sing
Lar
ge
Sensors
’
Data
set
s”,
TEL
KOMNIKA
(
Tele
communic
ati
on
,
Compu
ti
ng,
Elec
tronic
and
Control)
,
Vol.
9,
No.1
,
pp
.
161
-
170
,
April
2
011.
[3]
Seng,
W
oo
Cha
w,
and
Mirisa
ee,
S.H.,
“A
New
Me
thod
for
Fruit
s
Recogni
t
ion
Syste
m”
,
ICE
E
I'
09
In
te
rn
at
ion
a
l
Confer
ence
on
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering
and
Inform
a
ti
cs,
Vol.
01,
pp.
130
–
134
,
2009
.
[4]
Jana
,
Sus
ovan,
Pare
kh,
Ran
ja
n
,
“
Intra
-
class
R
ec
ognit
ion
of
Fruits
using
Color
and
Te
x
ture
Fe
a
ture
s
with
Neur
al
Cla
ss
ifi
ers”
,
In
ter
nati
onal Journal
of
Computer
A
ppli
cations
,
Vol
.
148,
No.11, 6p,
Augus
t
2016.
[5]
Cheng,
Hong,
Dam
ero
w,
Lut
z
,
Sun,
Yurui,
Bl
anke
,
Michael
,
“
Ea
rl
y
Yie
ld
Prediction
Us
ing
I
m
age
A
naly
s
is
of
Apple
Fruit
and
Tre
e
Canop
y
F
e
at
ure
s wi
th
Neur
al
Ne
tworks”,
Jo
urnal
of
Imaging
,
Vol
.
3
,
No.
6,
1
3p,
2017
.
[6]
Dewi
Agus
hint
a
R.
,
Ihsan
Jatni
k
a
,
Henn
y
Med
y
a
wati
,
Hus
ti
nawa
t
y
,
“
A
Me
thod
of
Cloud
and
Imag
e
-
Based
Tr
ack
in
g
for
Indone
sia
Fr
uit
R
ec
ogn
it
ion
”,
Int
ern
ationa
l
C
onfe
ren
c
e
on
En
gine
er
ing,
Techn
ologi
es
a
nd
Soci
al
Sci
ences
2017
,
5p
,
7
-
8
Augus
t
2
017.
[7]
Booch,
Grad
y
,
Rum
baugh
,
Jam
es
,
Jac
obson
,
Iv
ar
,
Unif
ie
d
Mod
el
ing
La
ngu
age
Us
er
Guide,
2nd
Edi
t
ion,
Addison
-
W
esley
Profess
iona
l
,
2005
.
[8]
Dong
Kw
an
Kim
,
“
Deve
lopment
of
Mobile
Cloud
Applic
at
i
on
s
using
U
ML”,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
El
ec
tri
cal
and
Computer
E
ngine
ering
(
IJECE)
,
Vol.
8
,
No
.
1,
pp.
596
-
604,
Februa
r
y
2018
.
[9]
Kim
,
Young
-
G
eun
and
Kim
,
W
on
-
Jung
"I
m
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
Augm
ent
ed
Rea
lit
y
S
y
s
tem
for
S
m
art
phone
Advert
isements
",
Int
ernati
onal
J
ournal
of
Mu
lt
i
media
and
Ubiq
uit
ous E
ng
ine
eri
ng,
Vol
.
9,
No.2,
pp.
385
-
392,
201
4.
[10]
Irm
a
Perm
at
a
Sa
ri,
Se
lo
Sulist
y
o
,
Bim
o
Sunarfri
Hantono,
2014
,
“Eval
uasi
Kema
mpuan
Si
stem
P
ende
t
ek
sian
Obj
e
k
Augme
nte
d
Re
a
li
ty
se
cara
Clo
ud
Re
cognition
”,
Sem
ina
r
Nasiona
l
Aplika
si
Te
knologi
Inf
orm
asi
(SN
ATI
),
Yog
y
ak
art
a
,
H
-
1
-
6,
21
Juni
2014
.
[11]
Le
e
,
Youngho,
and
Choi,
Jong
m
y
ung
As
signi
ng
3D
Conte
nt
to
Us
er
Defi
ned
Ta
rg
et
s
for
eBook
rea
d
er
wit
h
Augm
ent
ed
Reality
T
ec
hno
log
y
,
Adv
anc
ed
Sc
ience
and
Techno
logy
Letters
,
Vol.
42
(Mobil
e
an
d
W
ire
le
ss
2013)
,
2013,
pp
.
69
-
72.
[12]
S.
A.
Dhol
e,
Rukaiyy
a
P.
S
hai
kh,
“
Revi
ew
of
L
ea
f
Unhe
al
th
y
R
egi
on
Detect
ion
Us
ing
Im
age
Proce
ss
i
ng
Te
chn
ique
s”
,
Bul
le
t
in
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
al
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
and
Informati
cs
(
BE
EI)
,
Vol.
5,
No.
4,
pp.
4
66
-
468
,
Dec
embe
r
2016.
[13]
Mohd
Fadzl
i
A
bd
Shaib,
Ruz
airi
Abdul
Rahi
m
,
S.
Z.
M.
Muj
i,
Azia
n
Abd
Azi
z
Ahm
ad,
“
Inve
stiga
ti
ng
Ma
tur
i
t
y
Stat
e
and
Int
e
rna
l
Properties
of
Fruits
U
s
ing
Non
-
Destruc
ti
v
e
Te
chn
iq
ues
-
A
Revi
ew”
,
TEL
KOMNIK
A
(
Tele
communic
ati
on,
Computing, E
l
ec
troni
c
and
Control)
,
Vol.
15
,
No.4
,
pp
.
1574
-
1584,
De
ce
m
ber
2017.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4654
-
4662
4662
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dewi
Agus
hint
a
R.
had
her
Bac
hel
or
degr
ee
i
n
1993
and
Do
ct
ora
l
degr
ee
fr
om
Gunada
rma
Univer
sit
y
in
2
007.
Her
Maste
r
degr
e
e
was
fr
om
As
ia
n
Institute
Te
chno
log
y
at
Bangkok
,
Tha
iland.
She
is
givi
ng
som
e
lectur
es
in
th
e
De
par
tment
of
Info
rm
at
ion
S
y
st
em
at
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Com
pute
r
Scie
nce
and
Inform
ation
Te
chnol
og
y
.
Her
int
ere
st
re
sea
rch
is
in
Hum
an
-
Com
pute
r
Inte
ra
ct
ion
,
Im
a
ge
Proce
ss
ing
,
a
nd
Inform
at
ion
Te
chno
log
y
.
Ihsan
Jatni
ka
ha
d
his
Bac
hel
or
a
nd
Master
degr
e
e
from
Gunada
rm
a
Univer
sit
y
.
His
fie
ld
is
on
informati
cs.
He
is
a
Docto
ral
student
at
Gu
nada
rm
a
Unive
rsit
y
.
His
subje
ct
t
eachi
ng
is
Know
le
dge
-
Bas
ed
S
y
stem,
Co
m
pute
r
Archi
tec
ture
,
and
Organ
iz
a
ti
on.
H
e
is
expe
rt
s
on
th
e
progra
m
m
ing.
Henn
y
Med
y
aw
at
i
pursued
h
er
Bac
h
el
or
,
Ma
ster,
and
Doc
t
ora
l
d
egr
e
e
fro
m
Gunada
rm
a
Univer
sit
y
.
She
took
Master
and
Doctor
al
degr
ee
in
m
ana
gement
fie
ld
.
She
is
al
so
int
ere
st
ed
in
computer
sci
ence
field.
H
er
res
ea
rch
intere
st
is
Inform
at
ion
S
y
stem,
B
anki
ng
S
y
stem,
and
Ec
onom
y
as
we
l
l.
Hus
ti
nawa
ti
is
a
progra
m
m
ing
expe
rt.
She
does
the
progr
amm
ing.
She
t
eache
s
progra
m
m
ing
unti
l
now.
Her
Bac
he
lor,
Maste
r
and
Doctor
al
degr
ee
got
from
Gunada
rm
a
Univer
sit
y
.
He
r
subjec
t
teac
h
ing
is
web
-
base
d
p
rogra
m
m
ing
s
y
stem.
Now
she
is
one
of
th
e
l
abo
rat
or
y
h
ea
d
in
Le
m
baga
Pen
ge
m
banga
n
Kom
pute
r
(
Le
PK
om
).
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