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a
h
ig
h
er
y
ield
[
1
1
]
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
o
ten
tial
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icie
n
t
elec
tr
o
n
ics
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
a
v
er
tical
MO
SF
E
T
d
ev
ice,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
to
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
f
er
.
I
n
n
-
c
h
an
n
el
MO
SF
E
T
d
ev
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a
s
tac
k
o
f
n
+
p
n
+
s
ilico
n
is
m
ad
e
b
y
ep
itax
ial
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
r
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m
p
lan
tatio
n
,
t
h
en
a
g
ate
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s
p
u
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
ed
to
b
e
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to
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b
-
1
0
0
n
m
ch
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n
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el
len
g
t
h
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ev
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[
1
4
]
.
Sin
ce
th
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
G
AA
MO
SF
E
T
,
m
u
c
h
d
if
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er
en
t
ar
ch
itect
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r
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h
as
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o
p
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ed
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u
s
in
g
h
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g
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-
k
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ielec
tr
ics
[
1
3
,
1
5
]
o
r
u
ltra
-
th
i
n
s
ilico
n
ch
a
n
n
el
w
it
h
p
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to
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s
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g
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n
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V
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ater
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n
O
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tace
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d
if
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er
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t
a
p
p
licatio
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o
f
MU
GFET
s
d
ev
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[
16
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
A
1
5
n
m
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
le
n
g
th
i
n
a
v
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tical
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ate
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SF
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T
h
as
r
ec
en
tl
y
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Ver
t
ical
MO
SF
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T
s
s
h
o
w
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
t
h
an
b
u
lk
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la
n
ar
d
ev
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T
h
e
y
ar
e
attr
ac
tiv
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s
tr
u
ct
u
r
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t
h
at
s
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etter
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ce
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n
if
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n
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ll
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ti
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ized
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s
f
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th
e
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o
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
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M
OSFET
,
w
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h
is
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asicall
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3
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D
s
tr
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ct
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n
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t b
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al
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tl
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w
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y
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t c
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atio
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lar
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d
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ates b
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e
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er
ies e
x
p
an
s
io
n
in
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s
el
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
a
s
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m
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latio
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f
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o
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ter
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q
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an
t
u
m
m
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ic
s
[
2
1
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I
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p
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3
D
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
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1
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(
a)
On
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(
b
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Fo
u
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s
R
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As
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F
ig
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All
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2
1
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2
2
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(
1
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w
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q
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E
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
A
ll o
u
r
r
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l
ts
w
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e
ca
r
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t a
t r
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p
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r
e.
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m
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So
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T
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p
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u
r
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3
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u
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4
s
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n
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g
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6.
AS
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2017
:
1
8
9
9
–
1
9
0
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1904
RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
T
h
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In
tern
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T
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to
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RS
),
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
T
.
P
o
ir
o
u
x
,
M
.
V
i
n
e
t,
O.
F
a
y
n
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t,
J.
W
il
d
e
iz,
J.
L
o
li
v
ier,
T
.
Ern
st,
B.
P
re
v
it
a
li
,
S
.
De
l
o
n
i
b
u
s
,
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M
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p
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G
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te
De
v
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s:
A
d
v
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Ch
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s”
,
M
ic
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rin
g
, v
o
l.
8
0
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p
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3
7
8
-
3
8
5
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
5
.
[3
]
S
.
Oh
,
D.
M
o
n
ro
e
a
n
d
JM
.
He
rg
e
n
ro
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e
r,
“
A
n
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l
y
ti
c
De
sc
rip
ti
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S
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ra
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ice
s
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
4
4
5
-
4
4
7
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
0
0
.
[4
]
M
u
n
a
w
a
r
A
Ri
y
a
d
i,
Ira
w
a
n
D
S
u
k
a
w
a
ti
,
T
e
g
u
h
P
ra
k
o
so
,
Da
rjat
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
Ga
te
M
a
teria
l
a
n
d
P
ro
c
e
ss
o
n
Ju
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s
F
ET
S
u
b
th
re
sh
o
ld
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
”
,
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
8
9
5
~
9
0
0
[5
]
Ha
k
Ke
e
Ju
n
g
,
S
im
a
Di
m
it
rij
e
v
,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
T
u
n
n
e
li
n
g
o
n
th
e
S
u
b
th
re
sh
o
ld
S
w
in
g
in
S
u
b
-
2
0
n
m
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
Do
u
b
le
G
a
te
M
OSF
ET
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
0
~
2
7
3
4
.
[6
]
D.
Jim
e
n
e
z
,
B.
In
ig
u
e
z
,
J.
S
u
n
e
a
n
d
J.
J.
S
a
e
n
z
,
“
A
n
a
lo
g
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
Na
n
o
sc
a
le
Do
u
b
le
G
a
te
M
OSF
ET
n
e
a
r
th
e
Ulti
m
a
te S
c
a
li
n
g
L
i
m
it
s”
,
J
.
A
p
p
.
P
h
y
sic
s
.
,
v
o
l.
9
6
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
5
2
7
1
-
5
2
7
6
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
D.
Jim
é
n
e
z
,
J.
J.
S
á
e
n
z
,
B.
Iñ
íg
u
e
z
,
J.
S
u
ñ
é
,
L
.
F
.
M
a
rsa
l,
J.
P
a
ll
a
rè
s,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
Na
n
o
sc
a
le
G
a
t
e
-
A
ll
-
A
ro
u
n
d
M
OSF
ET
s”
,
IEE
E
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
J.
-
T
.
P
a
rk
,
J.
-
P
.
Co
l
in
g
e
,
“
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
-
g
a
te S
OI M
OSF
ET
s: D
e
v
ic
e
D
e
sig
n
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
2
2
–
2
2
2
9
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
2
.
[9
]
J.
-
T
.
P
a
rk
,
J.
-
P
.
Co
l
in
g
e
,
“
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
-
g
a
te S
OI M
OSF
ET
s: D
e
v
ic
e
D
e
sig
n
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
2
2
–
2
2
2
9
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
2
.
[1
0
]
S
.
D.
S
u
k
,
S
.
-
Y.
L
e
e
,
S
.
-
M
.
Ki
m
,
E.
-
J.
Yo
o
n
,
M
.
-
S
.
Kim
,
M
.
L
i,
C.
W
.
Oh
,
K.
H.
Ye
o
,
S
.
H.
Kim
,
D.
-
S
.
S
h
i
n
,
K.
-
H.
L
e
e
,
H.
S
.
P
a
rk
,
J.
N.
Ha
n
,
C.
J.
P
a
rk
,
J.
-
B.
P
a
rk
,
D.
-
W
.
Ki
m
,
D.
P
a
rk
,
B.
-
I.
R
y
u
,
“
Hi
g
h
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
5
n
m
Ra
d
iu
s
tw
in
S
il
ico
n
n
a
n
o
-
w
ire
M
OSF
ET
(T
S
N
W
F
ET
):
F
a
b
rica
ti
o
n
o
n
b
u
lk
S
i
w
a
fe
r,
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
,
a
n
d
R
e
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
IEDM
T
e
c
h
.
Dig
.
,
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
7
1
7
7
2
0
.
[1
1
]
Da
v
id
e
S
a
c
c
h
e
tt
o
,
S
h
e
n
q
i
X
ie,
Ve
ro
n
ica
S
a
v
u
,
M
ic
h
a
e
l
Zerv
a
s,
G
io
v
a
n
n
i
De
M
ich
e
li
,
Jü
rg
e
n
Bru
g
g
e
r
,
Yu
su
f
L
e
b
leb
ici,
“
V
e
rt
ica
ll
y
-
sta
c
k
e
d
g
a
te
-
a
ll
-
a
ro
u
n
d
P
o
ly
sili
c
o
n
Na
n
o
w
ire
F
E
T
s
w
it
h
S
u
b
-
lm
G
a
t
e
s
P
a
tt
e
r
n
e
d
b
y
Na
n
o
ste
n
c
il
L
it
h
o
g
ra
p
h
y
”
,
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
Ra
m
a
n
a
th
a
n
Ga
n
d
h
i,
Z
h
ix
ian
Ch
e
n
,
Na
v
a
b
S
in
g
h
,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
Ka
u
sta
v
Ba
n
e
rjee
,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
S
u
n
g
jo
o
L
e
e
,
“
CM
OS
-
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
l
e
V
e
rti
c
a
l
-
S
il
ic
o
n
-
Na
n
o
w
ire
Ga
te
-
A
ll
-
A
ro
u
n
d
p
-
T
y
p
e
T
u
n
n
e
li
n
g
F
ET
s
W
it
h
≤
5
0
-
m
V
/d
e
c
a
d
e
S
u
b
t
h
re
sh
o
l
d
S
w
in
g
”
,
IEE
E
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
No
v
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
J.
M
.
He
rg
e
n
ro
th
e
r,
G
.
D.
W
il
k
,
T
.
Nig
a
m
,
F
.
P
.
Kle
m
e
n
s,
D.
M
o
n
ro
e
,
P
.
J.
S
il
v
e
rm
a
n
,
T
.
W
.
S
o
rsc
h
,
B.
Bu
sc
h
,
M
.
L
.
G
r
e
e
n
,
M
.
R.
Ba
k
e
r,
T
.
Bo
o
n
e
,
M
.
K.
Bu
d
e
,
N.
A
.
Cia
m
p
a
,
E.
J.
F
e
rr
y
,
A
.
T
.
F
io
r
y
,
S
.
J.
Hill
e
n
iu
s,
D.
C.
Ja
c
o
b
so
n
,
R
.
W
.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
P
.
Ka
lav
a
d
e
,
R.
Ke
ll
e
r,
C.
A
.
Kin
g
,
A.
Ko
rn
b
li
t,
H.
W
.
Kra
u
tt
e
r,
J.
T
.
-
C.
L
e
e
,
W
.
M
.
M
a
n
sf
ield
,
J.
F
.
M
in
e
r,
M
.
D.
M
o
rris,
S
.
-
H.
Oh
,
J.
M
.
Ro
sa
m
il
ia,
B
.
J.
S
a
p
jeta
,
K.
S
h
o
rt,
K.
S
tein
e
r,
D.
A
.
M
u
ll
e
r,
P
.
M
.
V
o
y
les
,
J.
L
.
G
ra
z
u
l,
E.
S
h
e
r
o
,
M
.
E
.
G
iv
e
n
s,
C.
P
o
m
a
re
d
e
,
M
.
M
a
z
a
n
e
c
,
a
n
d
C.
W
e
rk
h
o
v
e
n
,
’’5
0
n
m
v
e
rt
ica
l
re
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
-
g
a
te
(V
RG
)
n
M
OSF
ET
s
w
it
h
A
L
D
H
f
O2
a
n
d
A
l2
O3
g
a
te
d
iele
c
tri
c
s’’,
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Dig
e
st
o
f
I
EDM
,
p
p
.
3
.
1
.
1
-
3
.
1
.
4
,
W
a
sh
in
g
t
o
n
DC,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
4
]
E.
Jo
ss
e
,
T
.
S
k
o
tn
ick
i,
M
.
Ju
rc
z
a
k
,
M
.
P
a
o
l
i,
B.
T
o
rm
e
n
,
D.
Du
tart
re
,
P
.
Ri
b
o
t,
A
.
V
il
lare
t
a
n
d
E.
S
o
n
d
e
rg
a
rd
,
’
’Hig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
4
0
n
m
v
e
rti
c
a
l
M
OSF
ET
w
it
h
in
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
CM
OS
p
ro
c
e
ss
f
lo
w
’’,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
VL
S
I
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
5
6
,
Ky
o
to
J
P
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
5
]
Ka
v
in
d
ra
Ka
n
d
p
a
l,
Na
v
n
e
e
t
G
u
p
ta,
“
Zi
n
c
Ox
id
e
T
h
in
F
il
m
T
r
a
n
sisto
rs
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
F
u
tu
re
T
re
n
d
s”
,
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
~
2
1
2
.
[1
6
]
F
a
d
li
o
n
d
i
,
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ku
n
ta
Bid
d
i
n
ik
a
,
S
h
u
n
-
ic
h
iro
O
h
m
i
,
“
Th
e
Hu
m
id
it
y
De
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
P
e
n
tac
e
n
e
Org
a
n
ic
M
e
tal
-
Ox
id
e
-
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
F
iel
d
-
Ef
fe
c
t
T
r
a
n
sisto
r,
”
T
EL
KOM
NI
KA
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
5
7
8
~
5
8
3
.
[1
7
]
M
.
M
a
sa
h
a
ra
,
T
.
M
a
tsu
k
a
w
a
,
K.
Ish
ii
,
L
.
Yo
n
g
x
u
n
,
H.
T
a
n
o
u
e
,
K.
S
a
k
a
m
o
to
,
T
.
S
e
k
ig
a
wa
,
H.
Ya
m
a
u
c
h
i,
S
.
Ka
n
e
m
a
ru
,
E.
S
u
z
u
k
i,
“
15
-
nm
-
th
ick
S
i
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
w
a
ll
v
e
rti
c
a
l
d
o
u
b
le
-
g
a
te
M
OSF
ET
”
,
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Dig
e
st
o
f
IEDM
,
p
p
.
9
4
9
-
9
5
1
,
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
CA
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
8
]
P
.
Ra
z
a
v
i,
G
.
F
a
g
a
s,
I.
F
e
ra
in
,
N.
Ak
h
a
v
a
n
,
R.
Yu
,
J.
C
o
li
n
g
e
,
“
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
I
n
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
o
f
J
u
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s
M
u
lt
ig
a
te
sh
o
rt
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
T
r
a
n
sist
o
rs
”
,
i
n
Ulti
m
a
te
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
n
S
il
ic
o
n
(
UL
IS
),
2
0
1
1
1
2
th
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
P
.
1
-
3
,
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
1
.
W
F
ET
):
F
a
b
ric
a
ti
o
n
o
n
b
u
lk
S
i
w
a
f
e
r,
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.
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[2
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.
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.
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4
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B.
T
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Ch
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,
J
.
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,
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.
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.
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st,
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v
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.
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.
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7
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D.
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.
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8
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J.
S
.
M
a
rti
n
,
“
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Pa
ris XI
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5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.