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Dif
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m
f
u
l
th
a
n
P
M
10
.
T
h
e
C
A
QM
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
m
ai
n
l
y
i
n
lo
ca
tio
n
s
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
en
s
itie
s
an
d
h
i
g
h
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
al
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
Du
e
to
th
at,
ce
r
tain
a
r
ea
s
w
ith
n
o
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
tatio
n
s
ca
n
o
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
A
P
I
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
n
ea
r
b
y
lo
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
less
ac
cu
r
ate.
R
ec
en
t
h
az
e
i
n
cid
en
t
s
in
So
u
t
h
ea
s
t
Asi
a
[
6
]
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
a
n
d
u
r
g
e
n
c
y
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
lo
w
-
co
s
t
air
q
u
al
it
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ev
ice.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
an
o
u
td
o
o
r
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
est
i
m
ate
t
h
e
A
P
I
v
alu
e
o
f
an
y
lo
c
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e,
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
ca
n
d
is
p
la
y
th
e
r
es
u
lt
in
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
e
v
ic
e
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
a
n
d
ca
n
tr
an
s
m
it t
h
e
r
esu
lt
w
ir
el
ess
l
y
to
a
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
p
o
r
tab
le
o
u
td
o
o
r
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
w
i
th
lo
w
co
s
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
First,
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
w
ill
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Sect
io
n
2
.
Sec
ti
o
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
A
P
I
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
.
Nex
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
esig
n
w
il
l
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Sectio
n
4
.
Sect
io
n
5
ev
alu
a
tes
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
,
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
s
et
u
p
,
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
w
ith
v
a
lid
atio
n
.
Sectio
n
6
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Ma
n
y
r
esear
c
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
d
ev
ice
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
w
il
l h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t t
h
e
cr
itical
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
.
In
[
7
]
,
a
m
o
b
ile
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
ca
l
led
“
GasMo
b
ile”
f
o
r
p
ar
t
icip
ato
r
y
air
q
u
al
it
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
is
to
u
s
e
p
ar
tici
p
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cit
izen
to
co
llect
th
e
air
q
u
al
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
u
s
in
g
t
h
eir
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
s
s
in
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
is
v
ar
ied
i
n
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
t
h
at
i
s
co
m
p
atib
le
w
it
h
An
d
r
o
id
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
ill
b
e
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
it
s
elf
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
test
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t
o
zo
n
e
s
en
s
o
r
th
at
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
v
ia
USB
h
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
an
d
it
is
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
a
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
.
I
t
i
s
s
e
t
to
au
to
m
at
ic
m
o
d
e
s
o
t
h
at
it
w
ill
b
e
au
to
m
atica
l
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
air
q
u
alit
y
e
v
er
y
t
w
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
GasMo
b
ile
g
iv
e
s
h
ig
h
d
ata
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
ca
lib
r
atio
n
is
al
w
a
y
s
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
b
y
u
tili
zi
n
g
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
ea
r
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
ta
ti
o
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
u
til
ize
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
.
An
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
s
u
r
es
air
q
u
alit
y
,
w
ea
th
er
a
n
d
ea
r
th
q
u
ak
e
u
s
in
g
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
(
R
P
i)
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
s
o
t
h
at
it
ca
n
b
e
r
e
m
o
tel
y
ac
ce
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
p
latf
o
r
m
.
R
ea
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
n
t
h
e
I
o
T
p
latf
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ca
lled
“
Xi
v
el
y
”
a
n
d
it
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
an
y
o
n
e
v
ia
t
h
e
w
eb
s
ite.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
is
te
s
ted
an
d
p
r
o
v
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
atel
y
.
T
h
e
o
n
l
y
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
s
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ev
i
ce
is
t
h
at
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
R
P
i
is
v
er
y
li
m
ited
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
a
m
a
g
es
to
th
e
d
ev
ice.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
C
O
2
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
ed
an
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
SC
A
D
A
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
y
o
n
l
y
li
m
ited
t
h
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
to
C
O
2
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
n
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
2
8
0
–
2
9
0
282
In
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
co
s
t e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
a
ir
q
u
ali
t
y
f
in
e
-
g
r
ain
ed
air
q
u
alit
y
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e.
O
n
e
is
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
p
u
b
lic
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
u
ch
a
s
b
u
s
a
n
d
tr
ai
n
a
n
d
th
e
o
t
h
er
o
n
e
is
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
ca
r
s
.
Fo
r
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
a
cu
s
to
m
m
ad
e
m
o
b
ile
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
b
o
x
t
h
at
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
A
r
d
u
in
o
as
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
C
O
an
d
P
M
s
en
s
o
r
,
G
P
S
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
a
m
o
d
e
m
is
u
s
ed
w
h
i
le
f
o
r
ca
r
s
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
en
s
in
g
d
ev
ice
(
P
SD
)
NODE
th
at
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
ill
b
e
g
eo
tag
g
ed
an
d
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
.
A
w
eb
p
o
r
tal
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
v
i
e
w
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
a
ir
p
o
llu
tio
n
.
B
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
ar
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ted
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
o
f
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
lev
els
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
ata
is
li
m
ited
to
ar
ea
s
t
h
at
o
n
l
y
co
v
er
ed
b
y
t
h
o
s
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tati
o
n
.
A
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
ed
lo
w
co
s
t
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
w
ir
ele
s
s
a
m
b
ie
n
t
air
q
u
a
lit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
d
ata
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
as
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
w
ir
eles
s
l
y
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
u
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
B
ee
m
es
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l‟
s
co
m
p
u
ter
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
,
NO2
s
en
s
o
r
,
P
M
s
en
s
o
r
,
h
u
m
id
it
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
o
s
i
tio
n
ed
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
p
lace
s
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
ir
e
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
g
ate
w
a
y
v
ia
r
o
u
ter
an
d
it
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
a
d
atab
ase.
Fro
m
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
co
n
d
u
cted
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
is
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
is
f
av
o
u
r
ab
le.
T
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
ca
n
b
e
v
ie
w
ed
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
l
y
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
g
et
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
In
[
1
2
]
,
a
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
t
h
at
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
P
M
2.
5
h
as b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
b
ased
o
n
lig
h
t sca
tter
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticles is
d
etec
ted
b
y
lig
h
t scat
ter
in
g
s
i
g
n
al
th
at
i
s
s
e
n
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
d
i
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
is
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
b
ee
n
te
s
ted
w
it
h
s
m
o
k
es
f
r
o
m
a
ci
g
ar
ette
an
d
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
g
r
ea
t p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
a
n
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
ev
i
ce
.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
i
s
m
ad
e
s
p
ec
i
all
y
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
P
M
2.
5
.
A
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
b
icy
cle
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
1
3
]
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
i
n
t
h
e
cit
y
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ices
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
ch
i
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
GP
S
r
ec
eiv
er
,
B
lu
eto
o
th
in
ter
f
ac
e,
ex
h
a
u
s
t
g
as
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
P
M
s
en
s
o
r
.
W
h
en
a
u
s
er
r
e
n
ts
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
b
ic
y
cle,
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
w
ill
s
tar
t
to
co
llect
t
h
e
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
d
ata
a
n
d
th
ese
d
ata
w
il
l
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
a
SD
ca
r
d
.
On
ce
th
e
u
s
er
h
av
e
f
in
is
h
r
en
tin
g
t
h
e
b
ic
y
c
le,
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
o
n
b
ic
y
cle
w
i
ll
b
e
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
th
e
d
ata
ce
n
tr
e
v
ia
B
lu
e
to
o
th
i
n
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
h
as
b
e
en
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
t
w
o
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t;
o
u
td
o
o
r
an
d
in
d
o
o
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
b
tain
ed
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
is
v
er
y
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
air
q
u
alit
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
w
id
e
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
g
u
ab
l
y
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
w
h
at
r
an
d
o
m
s
in
ce
i
t o
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
b
ic
y
cle
u
s
er
.
In
[
1
4
]
,
an
au
to
m
atic
air
q
u
a
lit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
w
ir
el
ess
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
W
SN)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
i
n
te
g
r
ates
w
i
th
Glo
b
al
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
Mo
b
ile
C
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
(
GSM)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
c
lu
d
es
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
d
a
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
a
g
ate
w
a
y
.
T
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
w
i
ll
tr
an
s
m
i
t
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ce
n
tr
e
v
ia
Sh
o
r
t
Me
s
s
ag
e
Ser
v
ice
(
SMS)
th
at
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
G
S
M.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
th
is
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
air
q
u
alit
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
is
C
O
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
A
lo
w
co
s
t
a
ir
q
u
alit
y
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
s
el
f
-
p
o
w
er
ed
d
ev
ice
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
C
O,
P
M
an
d
O3
an
d
it
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
o
ff
-
g
r
id
u
s
in
g
b
atter
y
o
r
s
o
lar
p
an
el.
R
ed
b
o
ar
d
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
clo
n
e
is
u
s
ed
a
s
m
icr
o
-
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
i
n
clu
d
ed
s
o
th
at
s
en
s
i
n
g
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
w
ir
ele
s
s
l
y
t
o
s
er
v
er
f
o
r
s
to
r
in
g
th
e
r
es
u
lt
an
d
to
m
ap
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
r
esu
l
t
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
d
e
v
ice
is
test
ed
f
o
r
s
e
v
e
n
d
a
y
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
co
llec
ted
f
it
th
e
tr
en
d
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
air
q
u
alit
y
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
o
n
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
o
llu
tan
t a
n
d
d
id
n
o
t e
v
al
u
ate
t
h
e
air
p
o
llu
tan
t i
n
d
ex
.
A
v
eh
icu
lar
air
p
o
llu
tio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
I
o
T
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
R
ad
io
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
I
d
en
tif
icat
io
n
(
R
FID
)
r
ea
d
er
w
it
h
C
O
2
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
s
u
l
f
u
r
o
x
id
es
(
SO
x
)
s
e
n
s
o
r
th
at
ar
e
in
te
g
r
ated
alo
n
g
with
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
b
e
p
lace
at
r
o
ad
s
id
es
an
d
it
w
il
l
d
etec
t
v
e
h
icle
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
s
er
ted
w
ith
R
FID
ca
r
d
s
.
W
h
en
a
v
e
h
icle
s
p
ass
e
s
b
y
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ev
ice,
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
w
ill
d
etec
t
th
e
v
e
h
icle
a
n
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
il
l
b
e
ac
ti
v
ated
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
air
q
u
al
it
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
v
e
h
icles.
I
f
t
h
e
v
eh
icle
e
x
ce
ed
ed
air
q
u
alit
y
lev
el
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
et,
a
w
ar
n
in
g
m
es
s
ag
e
w
il
l
b
e
s
en
t
to
t
h
e
v
e
h
icle
‟
s
o
w
n
er
u
s
i
n
g
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ted
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
v
eh
ic
le
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
v
er
i
f
ied
as
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
i
s
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
R
FID
ca
r
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
s
er
ted
in
v
e
h
icles
o
r
else
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
air
q
u
alit
y
.
In
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
y
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
m
a
r
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
air
q
u
ali
t
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
a
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
P
M
2
.
5
s
en
s
o
r
,
C
O
2
s
en
s
o
r
,
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
,
h
az
ar
d
g
as
d
etec
to
r
an
d
VOC
s
en
s
o
r
.
W
h
en
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
w
a
n
ts
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
air
q
u
ali
t
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
ic
e,
h
e
ca
n
r
u
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
h
i
s
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
w
il
l
s
tar
t
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
air
q
u
ali
t
y
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
m
i
t
th
e
d
ata
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
v
ia
B
l
u
eto
o
th
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
w
i
th
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
GP
S
lo
ca
tio
n
,
d
ate
a
n
d
tim
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
air
q
u
alit
y
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
p
lace
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
if
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
u
b
m
it t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
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8708
Desig
n
a
n
d
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m
p
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f P
o
r
ta
b
le
Ou
td
o
o
r
A
ir
Qu
a
lity Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
…
(
Ted
d
y
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r
ya
Gu
n
a
w
a
n
)
283
A
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
air
q
u
alit
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m
o
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i
to
r
in
g
ca
l
led
„
u
Se
n
s
e
‟
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
.
u
Se
n
s
e
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
,
C
O
2
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
NO
2
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
O
3
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
VOC
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
ill
m
ea
s
u
r
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th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
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llu
tan
t
s
an
d
s
en
d
th
e
d
ata
to
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Se
n
s
e
s
er
v
er
v
ia
W
i
-
F
i.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
w
i
ll
s
to
r
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
d
ata
in
to
d
atab
ase
an
d
t
h
e
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
all
u
Sen
s
e
u
s
er
in
t
h
e
w
eb
s
i
te.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
is
test
ed
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
ar
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
w
o
r
k
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
o
n
l
y
W
i
-
Fi
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
is
av
ailab
le
s
in
ce
t
h
is
d
ev
ic
e
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
air
q
u
alit
y
o
u
ts
id
e
h
o
m
e
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
d
ep
l
o
y
t
h
is
d
e
v
ice,
a
W
i
-
Fi
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t is ess
e
n
tia
l.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
h
av
e
d
esig
n
ed
th
eir
a
ir
q
u
alit
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
e
v
i
ce
w
i
ll
tr
a
n
s
m
it
w
ir
ele
s
s
l
y
to
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
b
y
e
v
er
y
o
n
e.
Fo
r
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
o
n
l
y
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
A
P
I
v
al
u
e
a
n
d
s
to
r
e
it
in
a
m
e
m
o
r
y
ca
r
d
f
o
r
d
ata
lo
g
g
in
g
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
s
h
a
v
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
lo
w
co
s
t
o
r
c
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
d
ev
ice
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
a
n
d
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
th
a
t
ar
e
ea
s
i
l
y
av
ai
lab
le
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
ets.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
d
id
n
o
t
i
n
clu
d
e
all
s
i
x
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
m
ain
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
u
ch
a
s
O
3
,
C
O
an
d
P
M.
T
h
is
w
ill
b
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
as
t
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
o
n
l
y
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
r
e
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t a
ir
p
o
llu
tan
ts
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
3.
AIR P
O
L
L
UT
I
O
N
I
ND
E
X
(
AP
I
)
CALCU
L
A
T
I
O
N
A
P
I
is
es
tab
lis
h
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
p
u
b
lic
w
i
th
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
th
at
i
s
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
a
ir
p
o
llu
tio
n
lev
e
l.
A
P
I
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
is
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
e
w
Am
b
ie
n
t
A
ir
Qu
al
it
y
S
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
I
t
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
P
o
llu
tan
t
S
ta
n
d
ar
d
I
n
d
ex
(
P
SI)
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
eg
u
lat
ed
b
y
Un
ited
States
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
P
r
o
tectio
n
Ag
en
c
y
(
USEP
A
)
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
s
tan
d
ar
d
a
d
d
ed
o
n
e
n
e
w
p
o
llu
tan
t
w
h
ic
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lat
e
m
atter
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
le
s
s
t
h
an
2
.
5
µm
(
P
M
2.
5
)
to
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
p
o
ll
u
ta
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
C
ar
b
o
n
Mo
n
o
x
id
e
(
C
O)
,
Ozo
n
e
(
O
3
)
,
Nitr
o
g
en
Dio
x
id
e
(
NO
2
)
,
S
u
l
f
u
r
Dio
x
id
e
(
SO
2
)
an
d
p
ar
ticu
late
m
atter
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
le
s
s
th
a
n
1
0
µm
(
P
M
10
)
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
P
M
2.
5
is
in
c
lu
d
ed
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
w
Am
b
ie
n
t
A
ir
Q
u
ali
t
y
Sta
n
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
s
tatio
n
s
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
o
llu
tan
t
y
e
t.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
A
P
I
v
alu
es
an
d
its
i
n
d
icatio
n
.
T
ab
le
1.
A
P
I
Valu
es a
n
d
C
o
lo
u
r
C
o
d
ed
I
n
d
icato
r
s
A
P
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I
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
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5
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o
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51
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3
0
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H
a
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a
r
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u
s
A
P
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v
al
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is
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
all
p
o
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tan
t
s
an
d
it
i
s
ca
lled
as
s
u
b
-
A
P
I
v
alu
e.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
f
i
n
al
A
P
I
v
alu
e,
ea
ch
s
u
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v
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a
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T
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(
)
v
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an
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u
s
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f
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3
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1
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6
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.
30
10
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300
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3
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CO
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3
3
3
O
O
O
O
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O
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C
C
C
C
C
C
(
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
-
8708
I
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t J
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&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
2
8
0
–
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9
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NO
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(
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,
,
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2
3
(
6
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w
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,
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SO
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CO
C
C
C
C
is
th
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co
n
ce
n
tr
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n
o
f
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O
3
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NO
2
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2
in
p
p
m
,
w
h
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PM
C
is
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
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n
o
f
PM
i
n
g
/
m
3
.
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AIR
Q
UA
L
I
T
Y
M
O
NIT
O
RING
S
YST
E
M
T
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
in
g
lo
w
co
s
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
t
is
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
p
o
r
tab
le
m
a
k
in
g
it
ea
s
y
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
air
q
u
alit
y
in
a
n
y
p
lace
.
I
t
is
ca
p
a
b
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
t
y
p
es o
f
p
o
llu
tan
t
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
C
O,
O
3
,
P
M
10
an
d
P
M
2.
5
.
4
.
1
.
H
a
rdw
a
re
Desig
n
T
h
e
air
q
u
alit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
A
r
d
u
in
o
U
n
o
,
C
O
s
en
s
o
r
,
O
3
s
en
s
o
r
,
P
M
10
s
en
s
o
r
,
P
M
2.
5
s
en
s
o
r
,
1
6
x
2
L
C
D
d
is
p
la
y
an
d
SD
ca
r
d
r
ea
d
er
.
GP
S
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
R
T
C
m
o
d
u
le
co
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
e
d
as
w
ell.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
i
ll
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
o
llu
tan
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
an
d
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
v
al
u
e
to
s
u
b
-
A
P
I
v
a
lu
e.
T
h
e
s
u
b
A
P
I
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
c
h
p
o
llu
ta
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
A
P
I
v
al
u
e
ar
e
d
i
s
p
la
y
ed
a
n
d
s
to
r
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
lo
g
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
p
o
llu
tan
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
C
O,
O
3
an
d
P
M
ar
e
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
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t
air
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2088
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
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u
n
ctio
n
a
liti
es o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
g
r
atit
u
d
e
to
th
e
I
n
t
er
n
atio
n
al
I
s
la
m
ic
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
Ma
la
y
s
ia
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
R
es
ea
r
ch
I
n
itiati
v
e
Gr
a
n
t Sc
h
e
m
e,
R
I
GS1
6
-
066
-
230
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Am
o
s,
"
P
o
o
r
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
k
il
ls
5
.
5
m
il
li
o
n
w
o
rld
w
id
e
a
n
n
u
a
ll
y
,
"
[
h
tt
p
s:/
/n
e
w
s.u
b
c
.
c
a
/2
0
1
6
/
0
2
/1
2
/p
o
o
r
-
a
ir
-
q
u
a
li
ty
-
k
il
ls
-
5
-
5
-
m
il
li
o
n
-
w
o
rld
w
id
e
-
a
n
n
u
a
ll
y
/
]
,
Re
tri
e
v
e
d
o
n
:
[2
]
K.
J.
M
a
ji
,
M
.
A
ro
ra
,
a
n
d
A
.
K.
Dik
sh
it
,
"
Bu
rd
e
n
o
f
d
ise
a
s
e
a
tt
ri
b
u
ted
t
o
a
m
b
ien
t
P
M
2
.
5
a
n
d
P
M
1
0
e
x
p
o
su
re
i
n
1
9
0
c
it
ies
in
Ch
i
n
a
,
"
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
P
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
5
9
-
1
1
5
7
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
DOE
-
M
a
la
y
sia
,
"
A
G
u
id
e
to
A
ir
P
o
ll
u
tan
t
I
n
d
e
x
(A
P
I)
i
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
4
t
h
E
d
it
i
o
n
,
"
D.
o
.
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
Ed
.
,
2
0
0
0
.
[4
]
A
.
A
z
id
,
H.
Ju
a
h
ir,
M
.
E
.
T
o
rim
a
n
,
M
.
K.
A
.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
,
A
.
S
.
M
.
S
a
u
d
i,
C.
N.
C.
Ha
sn
a
m
,
N.
A
.
A
.
A
z
i
z
,
F
.
A
z
a
m
a
n
,
M
.
T
.
L
a
ti
f
,
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
M
.
Zain
u
d
d
in
,
"
P
re
d
icti
o
n
o
f
th
e
lev
e
l
o
f
a
ir
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
p
ri
n
c
ip
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
t
wo
rk
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s:
A
c
a
se
stu
d
y
in
M
a
la
y
sia
,
"
W
a
ter
,
Ai
r,
&
S
o
il
Po
l
lu
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
P
.
Zan
n
e
tt
i,
"
Ai
r
p
o
l
lu
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
:
t
h
e
o
rie
s,
c
o
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
a
l
me
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
so
f
twa
re
,
"
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
Y.
F
.
L
iu
,
"
Ha
z
e
in
S
o
u
t
h
e
a
st A
si
a
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
e
rs
Clu
b
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
D.
Ha
se
n
f
ra
tz,
O.
S
a
u
k
h
,
S
.
S
tu
rz
e
n
e
g
g
e
r,
a
n
d
L
.
T
h
iele
,
"
P
a
rti
c
ip
a
to
ry
a
ir
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
u
sin
g
s
m
a
rtp
h
o
n
e
s,"
M
o
b
i
le S
e
n
si
n
g
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
M
.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
A
.
El
g
a
m
ri,
S
.
B
a
b
ik
e
r,
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
"
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
e
n
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
mo
n
it
o
rin
g
u
sin
g
th
e
ra
sp
b
e
rr
y
-
p
i
c
o
mp
u
ter
,
"
in
Dig
it
a
l
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(ICDI
P
C),
2
0
1
5
F
if
th
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
6
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
M
.
F
.
Ro
h
a
n
i,
N.
A
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
S
.
S
a
h
ib
u
d
d
in
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
Da
u
d
,
"
OP
C
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
C
a
rb
o
n
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
In
d
u
stria
l
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
te
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
1
-
1
0
5
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
S
.
De
v
a
ra
k
o
n
d
a
,
P
.
S
e
v
u
su
,
H.
L
iu
,
R.
L
iu
,
L
.
If
to
d
e
,
a
n
d
B.
Na
th
,
"
Rea
l
-
ti
me
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
mo
n
it
o
ri
n
g
t
h
ro
u
g
h
mo
b
il
e
se
n
si
n
g
in
me
tro
p
o
l
it
a
n
a
re
a
s,"
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
n
d
A
CM
S
IGK
DD
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
w
o
r
k
sh
o
p
o
n
u
rb
a
n
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
p
p
.
1
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
H.
A
li
,
J.
S
o
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
R.
W
e
ll
e
r,
"
A
re
a
l
-
ti
me
a
mb
ien
t
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
fo
r
sc
h
o
o
ls
i
n
sm
a
rt citi
e
s,"
i
n
S
m
a
rt
Cit
ies
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(IS
C2
),
2
0
1
5
IE
EE
F
irst
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
X
.
L
i,
E.
Ie
rv
o
li
n
o
,
F
.
S
a
n
tag
a
ta,
J.
W
e
i,
C.
Yu
a
n
,
P
.
S
a
rro
,
a
n
d
G
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
M
in
iatu
rize
d
p
a
rti
c
u
late
m
a
tt
e
r
se
n
so
r
f
o
r
p
o
rtab
le air
q
u
a
li
ty
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
d
e
v
ice
s,
"
in
S
EN
S
ORS
,
2
0
1
4
IE
EE
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
1
-
2
1
5
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
X
.
L
iu
,
B.
L
i,
A
.
Ji
a
n
g
,
S
.
Qi,
C.
X
ian
g
,
a
n
d
N.
X
u
,
"
A
b
icy
c
le
-
b
o
rn
e
se
n
so
r
fo
r
mo
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
ir
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
n
e
a
r
ro
a
d
w
a
y
s,"
i
n
Co
n
s
u
m
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
-
T
a
i
w
a
n
(ICCE
-
TW
),
2
0
1
5
I
EE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
J.
-
H.
L
iu
,
Y.
-
F
.
Ch
e
n
,
T
.
-
S
.
L
in
,
C.
-
P
.
C
h
e
n
,
P
.
-
T
.
Ch
e
n
,
T
.
-
H.
W
e
n
,
C.
-
H.
S
u
n
,
J.
-
Y.
Ju
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
J
.
-
A
.
Jia
n
g
,
"
A
n
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
u
rb
a
n
a
re
a
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
w
irele
s
s
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
ma
rt
S
e
n
sin
g
a
n
d
In
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
-
2
1
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
K.
M
.
Re
il
l
y
,
M
.
T
.
Bir
n
e
r,
a
n
d
N.
G
.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
"
M
e
a
su
rin
g
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
u
sin
g
wire
les
s
s
e
lf
-
p
o
we
re
d
d
e
v
ice
s,"
in
G
lo
b
a
l
Hu
m
a
n
it
a
rian
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(G
H
T
C),
2
0
1
5
I
EE
E
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
-
2
7
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
R.
Ru
sh
ik
e
sh
a
n
d
C.
M
.
R
.
S
iv
a
p
p
a
g
a
ri,
"
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
I
o
T
b
a
se
d
v
e
h
icu
l
a
r
p
o
ll
u
t
io
n
mo
n
it
o
r
in
g
sy
ste
m,"
i
n
G
re
e
n
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (ICG
CIo
T
),
2
0
1
5
I
n
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
7
7
9
-
7
8
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
Y.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
L
.
L
i,
"
A
sm
a
rt
s
e
n
so
r
sy
ste
m
fo
r
a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
mo
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
n
d
ma
ss
ive
d
a
t
a
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
,
"
in
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
(ICT
C),
2
0
1
5
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
-
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
S
.
Brien
z
a
,
A
.
G
a
ll
i,
G
.
A
n
a
sta
si,
a
n
d
P
.
Bru
sc
h
i,
"
A
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
se
n
sin
g
sy
ste
m f
o
r a
ir
q
u
a
li
ty mo
n
it
o
rin
g
i
n
u
rb
a
n
a
re
a
s,"
in
S
m
a
rt
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s
(S
M
A
RT
COMP
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s),
2
0
1
4
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
5
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
N.
I.
Zain
a
l,
K.
A
.
S
id
e
k
,
T
.
S
.
G
u
n
a
w
a
n
,
H.
M
a
n
se
r,
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
rti
w
i,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
me
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