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o
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a
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th
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n
u
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b
e
r
o
f
r
e
se
a
r
c
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e
s
b
a
se
d
o
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th
e
d
a
ta
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y
m
o
v
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k
n
o
w
n
a
s
m
o
b
il
e
o
b
jec
ts
in
d
e
x
in
g
c
a
m
e
o
u
t
f
ro
m
th
e
trad
it
io
n
a
l
sta
ti
c
o
n
e
.
T
h
e
re
a
re
so
m
e
in
d
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x
in
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
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to
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a
n
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th
e
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o
m
p
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ted
m
o
v
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g
p
o
siti
o
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s.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
su
it
a
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e
a
s
is
p
re
-
o
rd
e
rin
g
th
e
se
o
b
jec
ts
b
e
f
o
re
b
u
il
d
in
g
in
d
e
x
stru
c
tu
re
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
stru
c
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r
e
,
a
p
re
so
rted
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n
e
a
re
st i
n
d
e
x
tree
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
th
a
t
a
ll
o
w
e
d
m
a
in
tain
i
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g
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p
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ti
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a
n
d
ra
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g
e
q
u
e
ry
i
n
g
m
o
b
il
e
o
b
jec
ts
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
d
e
sire
d
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rio
d
.
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sid
e
s,
it
g
iv
e
s
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
a
n
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stru
c
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sy
d
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ta
a
c
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n
d
f
a
st
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e
r
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a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
re
tri
e
v
i
n
g
n
e
a
re
st
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
ro
m
a
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
p
o
in
t
in
th
e
in
d
e
x
stru
c
tu
re
.
A
s
y
n
th
e
ti
c
m
o
b
il
e
p
o
siti
o
n
d
a
tas
e
t
is
a
lso
p
ro
p
o
se
d
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
so
th
a
t
it
is
f
r
e
e
f
ro
m
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
p
riv
a
c
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ti
a
li
ty
.
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h
e
d
e
tail
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
re
su
lt
s
a
re
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
t
o
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e
th
e
r
w
it
h
th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
KD
tree
-
b
a
se
d
in
d
e
x
stru
c
tu
re
.
B
o
th
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
a
re
sim
il
a
rl
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
in
ra
n
g
e
se
a
rc
h
in
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
is
e
sp
e
c
ial
l
y
m
u
c
h
m
o
re
s
a
v
e
ti
m
e
f
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th
e
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e
a
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se
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w
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a
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g
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th
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n
KD
tree
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b
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se
d
c
a
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lati
o
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.
K
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w
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d
s
:
I
n
d
ex
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M
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
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s
M
o
v
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g
o
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b
o
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t
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2
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1
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In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
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d
E
n
g
i
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g
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c
ien
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e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
u
T
h
u
Z
a
n
,
Un
i
v
er
s
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y
o
f
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o
m
p
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ter
Stu
d
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No
.
1
2
9
,
Z
e
w
a
k
a
Ho
s
te
l,
Hlain
g
C
o
m
p
u
s
,
Ya
n
g
o
n
,
M
y
a
n
m
ar
.
E
m
ail: t
h
u
th
u
za
n
@
u
cs
y
.
ed
u
.
m
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
i
n
lo
ca
tio
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-
b
a
s
ed
s
er
v
ices
(
L
B
Ss
)
,
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
a
n
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
th
e
v
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
m
o
v
in
g
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
[
1
]
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
ar
e
a
lr
ea
d
y
e
m
er
g
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
e
w
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
So
,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
i
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
n
a
d
ail
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
u
s
er
's
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
ies.
M
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
q
u
er
ies
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
i
s
u
s
u
all
y
b
ased
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
an
tic
ip
ated
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
,
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
n
ea
r
est
r
estau
r
an
ts
,
v
ie
w
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
u
t
e
an
d
in
q
u
ir
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
th
e
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
q
u
er
ies
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
o
p
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
b
ased
o
n
s
tatic
d
ata
o
r
lo
ca
ti
o
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
s
er
v
ices
s
u
c
h
as
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
wea
th
er
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
aler
ts
,
ad
v
er
ti
s
e
m
e
n
t
g
etti
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
w
h
at
's
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
u
to
m
atic
n
o
tific
ati
o
n
s
ar
e
aid
ed
b
y
p
u
s
h
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
er
v
ice
is
u
s
u
all
y
b
ased
o
n
m
o
v
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
b
ile
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
I
n
s
u
ch
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
s
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
s
en
d
t
h
eir
cu
r
r
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
a
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
d
esire
d
q
u
er
ies
s
u
c
h
as
"
w
h
ich
m
o
b
ile
s
ar
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
lo
ca
ted
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
d
esire
d
ar
ea
"
.
T
o
r
ep
ly
s
u
ch
q
u
er
ies
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
el
y
,
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
er
h
as
to
s
ea
r
c
h
all
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
th
a
t
ar
e
in
th
e
d
esire
d
ar
ea
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
n
ea
r
est ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
th
e
n
ea
r
est
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
el
ess
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
-
b
ased
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
F
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
a
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
u
ch
as
k
th
e
n
ea
r
est
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
is
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
eles
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
it
is
v
er
y
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
w
o
r
k
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
eles
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
a
t
d
is
tan
ce
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
f
r
o
m
a
ll
n
o
d
es
to
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
n
o
d
e
o
f
a
q
u
er
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
w
ith
t
h
e
clo
s
est
d
i
s
tan
ce
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
[
4
-
5
]
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
v
er
y
s
i
m
p
le
b
u
t
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
k
a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
r
es
u
lt.
T
o
p
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o
v
id
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th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
q
u
er
y
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
r
eq
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ir
e
m
e
n
t,
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
tr
ee
-
b
ased
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
ca
lled
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
-
b
ased
tec
h
n
iq
u
es a
r
e
ap
p
lied
in
m
a
n
y
ar
ea
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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&
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g
I
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N:
2
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8
8
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Th
u
Th
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Za
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)
2557
I
n
s
tr
u
c
tu
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-
b
ased
tech
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es
,
m
o
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ar
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w
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en
,
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
to
s
ea
r
ch
th
e
n
ea
r
es
t
p
o
in
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
esi
re
d
q
u
er
y
p
o
in
t
[
6
]
.
I
t
is
to
tall
y
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
s
tatic
o
r
n
o
n
-
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
b
u
t
it
m
a
y
is
s
u
e
in
m
o
v
i
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
r
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
d
ex
i
n
g
.
Mo
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
t
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lar
u
p
d
ate
w
ill
also
n
ee
d
to
co
o
p
er
ate
u
p
d
atin
g
o
f
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est
p
o
in
t
s
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
I
t
m
a
y
t
h
i
n
k
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
in
d
e
x
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
d
is
cr
etio
n
ar
y
d
at
a
p
o
in
ts
q
u
er
y
a
n
d
s
ea
r
ch
w
ill
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
n
cu
r
r
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l.
R
ec
en
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
in
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
b
ased
r
esear
ch
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
in
d
ex
i
n
g
b
ased
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
h
av
e
co
llab
o
r
ated
to
g
eth
er
th
u
s
it
lead
s
to
a
p
er
f
ec
t
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
an
d
u
p
d
atin
g
m
o
b
ile
p
o
s
itio
n
in
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
No
r
m
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
g
e
n
er
atin
g
q
u
er
ies
f
a
s
ter
an
d
ea
s
ier
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
g
o
o
d
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
'
in
d
e
x
i
n
g
n
ee
d
s
n
o
t
th
e
o
n
l
y
f
aster
q
u
er
y
b
u
t
als
o
ab
ilit
y
to
u
p
d
ate
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
es t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
t
h
e
n
ea
r
e
s
t
n
eig
h
b
o
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
tr
ee
-
b
ased
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
g
e
n
er
atin
g
n
ea
r
est
lo
ca
tio
n
s
b
y
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
esire
d
q
u
er
y
p
o
in
t.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
al
l
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
n
o
d
es
ar
e
p
lace
d
b
y
lev
el
o
r
d
er
th
u
s
n
o
d
es
at
a
n
y
d
is
tan
ce
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
f
i
n
d
with
o
u
t
tr
av
e
lin
g
th
e
w
h
o
le
tr
ee
an
d
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
m
a
y
r
ed
u
ce
g
r
ea
tl
y
.
I
t
is
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
to
s
o
lv
e
n
ea
r
est
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
q
u
er
ies
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
a
ta
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
eir
r
elati
v
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
.
I
n
r
ea
lit
y
,
t
h
e
m
i
llio
n
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
d
ata
ar
e
u
n
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e.
I
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ataset
ca
n
cr
ea
te
s
y
n
th
etica
ll
y
,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tialit
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
et
lo
ca
tio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
g
en
er
at
in
g
a
s
y
n
th
e
tic
d
ataset
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
b
ile
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
t
h
at
s
ee
m
r
ea
lis
tic
i
s
a
ch
al
len
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
s
y
n
th
e
tic
d
ataset
w
h
ic
h
i
s
b
ased
o
n
d
y
n
a
m
ic
t
w
o
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
p
o
in
t
s
is
in
c
lu
d
ed
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
n
ee
d
s
,
m
an
y
d
atasets
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
s
y
n
t
h
etica
ll
y
s
u
c
h
as
an
i
m
al,
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
,
b
u
s
,
Hu
r
r
ican
e
d
ataset,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
A
s
y
n
th
etic
d
ataset
u
s
u
a
ll
y
c
o
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
ap
p
licatio
n
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
g
en
er
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
d
ataset
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ab
o
u
t th
eir
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
in
ter
est b
ef
o
r
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
an
y
d
ataset
s
y
n
t
h
etica
ll
y
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
s
h
o
w
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
attr
ib
u
tes
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
o
f
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
t
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
b
u
ilt
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
.
As
m
o
b
ile
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
b
asicall
y
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
th
at
it
r
eq
u
i
r
es
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ev
al
u
atio
n
as
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
r
es
u
l
t
n
ee
d
s
to
v
alid
af
ter
a
s
u
itab
le
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e.
W
h
en
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
d
ex
i
n
g
b
ased
o
n
lo
ca
tio
n
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
th
e
th
r
ee
b
asic
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
r
m
all
y
an
a
l
y
ze
d
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical,
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
an
ticip
ated
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
tak
es
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
w
h
ich
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
o
s
itio
n
t
h
u
s
it
h
as
to
g
e
t
its
lo
ca
tio
n
with
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
u
p
d
ate
w
ill
b
e
th
er
e.
I
t
co
m
b
i
n
es
Sp
r
in
g
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
th
at
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
tak
e
s
in
all
o
f
t
h
e
u
p
d
atin
g
ca
s
e
s
th
u
s
it
lead
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
b
o
th
s
er
v
er
u
p
d
ate
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
co
s
t
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
test
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
J
Un
it
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
ap
p
l
y
to
f
etc
h
a
n
d
test
r
ep
ea
tab
le
au
to
m
ated
tes
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ex
ec
u
t
io
n
ti
m
e,
u
p
d
ati
n
g
ti
m
e
an
d
C
P
U
u
s
a
g
e
ti
m
e
w
it
h
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
b
ile
d
atasets
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
to
f
i
v
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
lied
ar
ea
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
i
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
A
v
ir
t
u
al
m
o
b
ile
d
ataset
g
e
n
er
atio
n
is
p
r
ese
n
te
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
w
i
th
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
an
d
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
o
b
j
e
cts
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ar
e
co
llected
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
I
NDE
XIN
G
AND
I
T
S AP
P
L
I
E
D
AR
E
A
S
I
n
d
ex
i
n
g
is
a
s
p
ec
ial
d
ata
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
at
a
llo
w
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
q
u
ic
k
ac
ce
s
s
to
d
ata
o
r
o
b
j
ec
ts
s
y
s
t
e
m
atica
ll
y
.
I
n
d
ex
i
n
g
is
u
s
u
all
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
d
i
s
p
la
y
r
esu
lts
th
a
t
m
at
ch
t
h
e
d
es
ir
ed
u
s
er
cr
iter
ia.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
in
d
e
x
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
t
h
e
ac
tiv
it
ies
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
t
d
atab
ases
to
f
a
s
t
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
8
]
.
No
r
m
al
l
y
,
in
d
ex
in
g
h
a
s
its
o
w
n
r
elev
an
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
at
n
ee
d
s
ti
m
e
to
b
u
ild
it.
I
t
is
s
av
ed
b
y
b
u
i
ld
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
p
o
in
ts
th
a
t
n
ee
d
to
r
ec
eiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
a
n
d
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
m
u
lticas
t
n
o
ti
f
icatio
n
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
h
a
s
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
an
d
f
ield
w
o
r
k
s
to
ap
p
l
y
in
th
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
.
So
m
e
t
y
p
es
ar
e
g
o
o
d
in
q
u
er
y
in
g
an
d
s
o
m
e
ar
e
in
u
p
d
atin
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
th
er
e
is
a
s
p
ec
ial
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
at
allo
w
s
g
e
n
er
atin
g
r
an
g
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
q
u
er
ies o
v
er
co
n
te
n
t
-
m
a
t
ch
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
-
a
w
ar
e
q
u
er
ies [
9
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
e
x
es
p
r
eser
v
e
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
t
y
p
e
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
jects
[
10
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
i
n
d
ex
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
q
u
er
y
s
p
ec
ial
is
g
r
i
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
W
ith
t
h
e
r
ap
id
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
s
p
atial
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
a
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
Gr
id
I
n
d
ex
(
DGI
)
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
11
]
th
at
ac
cu
r
atel
y
i
n
te
r
r
o
g
ate
th
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
'
lo
ca
tio
n
b
y
u
n
iq
u
e
o
b
j
ec
t'
s
I
D
.
So
m
eti
m
es,
t
h
e
s
p
atial
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
u
c
h
as
R
tr
ee
u
s
ed
t
h
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
o
f
g
r
id
in
d
ex
t
h
at
b
ec
a
m
e
les
s
o
v
er
lap
an
d
g
ai
n
ed
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
[
12
]
.
L
ik
e
th
e
g
r
id
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
a
q
u
ad
tr
ee
in
d
ex
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
5
5
6
-
2563
2558
o
f
f
er
ed
[
13
]
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
[
14
]
u
s
in
g
a
s
i
m
p
le,
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
g
r
id
i
n
d
ex
w
a
s
b
asic
all
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
to
q
u
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
it
i
s
w
ea
k
in
u
p
d
ate
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
etter
h
elp
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
'
q
u
er
y
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
15
]
.
So
m
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
p
ap
er
th
o
u
g
h
t
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
d
ata
o
r
o
b
j
ec
t
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
w
er
e
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le
to
all
ty
p
es
o
f
q
u
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
[
1
6
]
.
A
s
[
1
7
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
a
t
s
o
m
e
tr
ee
-
b
ased
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
R
tr
ee
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
ata
i
n
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Gr
id
-
in
d
ex
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
GI
R
)
t
h
at
o
f
f
er
s
r
ev
er
s
e
r
an
k
q
u
er
ies
w
i
th
a
litt
le
m
e
m
o
r
y
co
s
t.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
[
1
8
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
at
it is
h
ar
d
to
g
et
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
in
d
e
x
b
ased
o
n
g
r
id
a
n
d
also
R
tr
ee
w
it
h
th
e
s
k
e
w
ed
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
A
s
a
r
esu
l
t,
a
q
u
alif
i
ed
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
in
d
ex
,
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
an
d
q
u
er
ies.
So
m
e
in
d
e
x
f
o
r
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
jects
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
q
u
er
ies
r
e
g
ar
d
less
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
s
p
ee
d
o
r
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
n
atu
r
e
[
19
]
.
A
s
u
i
t
ab
le
w
a
y
o
f
i
n
d
ex
in
g
a
n
d
q
u
e
r
y
in
g
to
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
is
h
a
v
in
g
a
g
o
o
d
d
esig
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
a
s
p
atio
-
te
m
p
o
r
al
in
d
ex
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
k
e
y
-
v
al
u
e
s
to
r
e
[
20
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
th
e
co
n
cu
r
r
en
c
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
in
t
h
eir
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
s
o
th
at
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
t
h
at
e
x
p
l
o
its
in
m
u
ltip
le
m
ac
h
in
e
s
[
2
1
]
.
A
ct
u
a
ll
y
,
a
n
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
b
ased
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
q
u
er
ies
w
i
th
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
t
i
m
e
b
y
s
e
n
d
in
g
m
u
l
ticast
m
e
s
s
a
g
es,
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
r
n
o
tif
icatio
n
s
.
I
t
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
l
e
as
lo
ca
tio
n
p
o
i
n
ts
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
w
it
h
i
n
a
r
an
g
e
b
y
o
n
l
y
o
n
ce
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
.
W
ith
o
u
t
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
q
u
er
y
i
s
av
ailab
le
b
ased
o
n
eith
er
a
s
ea
r
ch
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
r
o
th
er
m
ea
s
u
r
es
.
B
u
t,
it
h
as
to
s
ea
r
ch
alo
n
g
w
it
h
a
s
eq
u
en
t
ial
o
r
o
r
d
er
m
atch
p
atter
n
b
y
ea
ch
o
b
j
ec
t in
th
e
d
ataset.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
w
o
is
s
u
e
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
t
h
i
s
wa
y
.
a.
Su
c
h
a
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
lar
g
e
d
ataset
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
co
s
t.
b.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
er
d
ataset,
th
e
m
o
r
e
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
ti
m
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
s
eq
u
en
tial
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
r
ep
ea
tin
g
a
s
i
n
g
le
r
a
n
g
e,
in
d
e
x
in
g
b
a
s
ed
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
c
h
i
n
g
w
ill
b
e
f
aster
t
h
an
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
s
i
n
g
le
m
atc
h
o
f
r
an
g
e
s
e
ar
ch
in
g
.
A
s
[
2
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
in
d
e
x
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ca
lled
T
M
-
R
T
r
ee
b
y
p
lan
n
i
n
g
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
w
ith
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
es
s
u
c
h
as
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
te
m
p
o
r
al
an
d
s
p
atial.
T
h
e
y
clai
m
ed
th
at
t
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
w
ell
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
to
an
s
w
er
q
u
er
ie
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
esire
d
r
an
g
es.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
B
uil
din
g
ind
e
x
s
t
ruct
ure
w
it
h pre
s
o
rt
ing
I
f
t
h
e
d
ata
is
ad
d
ed
b
y
s
o
r
ted
lis
t,
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
n
i
n
d
ex
is
f
aster
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
u
s
u
al
b
ec
a
u
s
e
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
s
p
ac
e
to
s
to
r
e
t
h
e
n
e
w
v
al
u
e
,
an
d
it
s
a
v
es
b
o
th
I
/O
a
n
d
C
P
U
co
s
ts
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
v
alu
e
t
h
at
w
i
ll a
l
w
a
y
s
b
e
j
o
in
e
d
ad
j
ac
en
t t
o
th
e
last
v
al
u
e
th
a
t
w
as
s
to
r
ed
.
T
h
e
in
d
e
x
tr
ee
wo
u
ld
b
e
f
a
s
t a
s
it
i
s
ea
s
il
y
b
u
ilt
s
eq
u
en
tiall
y
.
I
f
a
n
in
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
at
i
s
b
u
il
t
b
y
u
n
s
o
r
ted
d
ata,
it
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
b
ig
g
er
t
h
an
th
e
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
r
ted
d
ata.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
it
i
s
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
h
ar
d
to
b
u
ild
a
n
d
s
to
r
e
in
a
h
u
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
s
ize.
Or
d
er
in
g
o
r
s
o
r
ti
n
g
t
h
e
d
ata
m
a
y
ta
k
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
ex
tr
a
ti
m
e,
b
u
t
it
w
ill
b
e
f
a
s
ter
t
h
an
an
y
o
t
h
er
u
n
s
o
r
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
th
u
s
i
t
w
ill b
r
in
g
to
b
e
a
f
ast an
d
co
m
p
ac
t in
d
e
x
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
in
d
ex
tr
ee
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
y
t
y
p
es
o
f
t
w
o
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
p
o
in
ts
.
A
ll
o
f
t
h
e
in
co
m
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
r
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
o
r
d
er
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
b
u
ild
in
g
i
n
d
ex
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
d
etailed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
tr
ee
.
3
.
2
.
P
re
s
o
rt
e
d
-
nea
re
s
t
ind
ex
t
re
e
I
n
p
u
t c
: c
en
ter
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
q
u
e
r
y
,
R
[
m
]
:
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
r
an
g
e
lis
t
s
th
a
t a
r
e
s
o
r
ted
b
y
latit
u
d
e
an
d
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e
o
f
ea
ch
lo
ca
t
io
n
,
m
:
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
Ou
tp
u
t N
ea
r
est lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
d
e
x
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
r
o
m
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
ts
b
y
le
v
el
o
r
d
er
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
: 2
D
-
Nea
r
est I
n
d
ex
T
r
ee
(
c,
R
(
m
)
)
if
m
!
=
n
u
l
l th
e
n
T
r
ee
-
>r
o
o
t :=
c;
m
i
n
_
I
n
d
ex
=
0
;
T
r
ee
-
>le
f
tKe
y
: =
Fin
d
Nea
r
es
t(
c)
;
T
r
ee
-
>r
ig
h
tKe
y
: =
Fi
n
d
Nea
r
est
(
c)
;
Gen
er
ateT
r
ee
(
c)
;
Fin
d
Nea
r
est(c
)
:
n
ea
r
est :=
No
d
e[
0
]
; m
i
n
d
is
t=0
;
f
o
r
i=1
to
R
(
m
)
d
=
d
is
tan
ce
(
c,
n
ea
r
est);
if
(
d
[
i]
<d
[
m
i
n
d
is
t]
)
n
ea
r
est=d
[
i]
;
r
etu
r
n
n
ea
r
e
s
t;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Mo
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
in
d
ex
in
g
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
yn
th
etic
mo
vi
n
g
o
b
jects (
Th
u
Th
u
Za
n
)
2559
Gen
er
ateT
r
ee
(
c)
:
f
o
r
d
=
1
to
h
eig
h
t(
T
r
ee
)
P
r
in
tGiv
e
n
L
ev
el
(
T
r
ee
,
d
)
;
if
le
v
el
is
1
th
e
n
p
r
in
t (
T
r
ee
-
>c)
else if
le
v
el>
1
th
e
n
P
r
in
tGiv
e
n
L
ev
el
(
T
r
ee
-
>le
f
t
K
e
y
,
lev
el
-
1
)
;
P
r
in
tGiv
e
n
L
ev
el
(
T
r
ee
-
>r
ig
h
t
Ke
y
,
lev
el
-
1
)
;
Firstl
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ta
k
es
m
o
b
ile
li
s
ts
(
r
an
g
eM
o
b
iles
)
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
in
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
in
i
m
u
m
r
an
g
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies.
T
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
m
o
b
iles
ar
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
s
t
w
o
s
o
r
ted
ar
r
ay
s
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
e
s
e
a
r
r
ay
s
ar
e
ar
r
a
y
s
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
s
w
h
ich
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
lo
ca
tio
n
p
o
in
ts
b
u
t
o
n
e
i
s
o
r
d
er
ed
b
y
latit
u
d
e
an
d
an
o
t
h
e
r
o
n
e
is
o
r
d
er
ed
b
y
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
n
ea
r
e
s
t
lo
ca
tio
n
tr
ee
i
s
b
u
ilt
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
C
en
ter
P
o
in
t
a
n
d
s
e
r
v
ice
r
an
g
e.
I
n
t
h
is
lo
ca
tio
n
tr
ee
,
th
e
C
en
ter
P
o
in
t
tak
e
p
lace
as
th
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
tr
ee
.
T
h
en
,
n
ea
r
est
lo
ca
tio
n
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
el
y
lo
ca
ted
to
th
e
r
ig
h
t
a
n
d
le
f
t
o
f
ea
c
h
r
o
o
t.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
p
o
in
t
s
w
il
l
b
e
p
lace
d
an
d
r
etr
iev
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
le
v
el
o
r
d
er
in
th
e
tr
ee
f
o
r
ea
s
y
a
n
d
q
u
ick
to
ac
ce
s
s
n
ea
r
est
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
r
an
g
e
q
u
er
ie
s
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
h
in
g
is
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
w
h
et
h
er
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
ar
e
in
t
h
e
cir
cu
lar
r
an
g
e
ar
ea
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
is
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
ca
lcu
late
b
y
b
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
co
o
r
d
in
ates
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
a
n
d
d
esire
d
s
er
v
ice
d
is
tan
ce
: (
latit
u
d
e,
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e,
d
i
s
tan
ce
)
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la.
-
m
i
n
L
o
n
g
it
u
d
e
=
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e
-
M
ath
.
to
Deg
r
ee
s
(
d
is
ta
n
ce
/
R
/Ma
t
h
.
co
s
(
Ma
th
.
to
R
ad
ia
n
s
(
lat)
)
)
;
-
m
ax
L
o
n
g
itu
d
e
=
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e
+
Ma
th
.
to
Deg
r
ee
s
(
d
is
tan
ce
/R
/M
ath
.
co
s
(
Ma
th
.
to
R
ad
ia
n
s
(
lat)
)
)
;
-
m
ax
L
a
tit
u
d
e
=
latitu
d
e
+
Ma
t
h
.
to
Deg
r
ee
s
(
d
is
tan
c
e/
R
)
;
-
m
i
n
L
atit
u
d
e
=
latitu
d
e
-
Ma
th
.
to
Deg
r
ee
s
(
d
is
ta
n
ce
/R
)
;
4.
VIRT
UAL M
O
B
I
L
E
DA
T
A
SE
T
G
E
N
E
RA
T
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
M
o
v
ing
o
bje
ct
g
ener
a
t
o
r
I
n
r
ea
lit
y
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ataset
s
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
u
s
a
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
all
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
th
in
k
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
d
o
m
ain
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t
b
ef
o
r
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
an
y
d
ataset
s
y
n
t
h
etica
l
l
y
.
I
t
h
as
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
r
ea
l d
ata
s
o
th
at
it see
m
s
r
ea
lis
tic.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
h
ases
an
d
d
etai
l
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
r
in
g
a
g
o
o
d
id
ea
f
o
r
m
a
k
in
g
an
y
o
t
h
er
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
I
n
th
is
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e,
s
y
n
t
h
etic
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
'
d
ataset
is
g
en
er
at
ed
alo
n
g
w
ith
t
h
eir
b
eh
av
io
r
s
a
n
d
ac
tiv
it
ies.
P
r
ac
ticall
y
,
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
ar
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
lo
ca
ted
at
s
tatio
n
ar
y
o
r
n
o
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
y
p
e,
s
o
m
eti
m
es
th
e
y
d
r
i
v
e,
an
d
s
o
m
e
ar
e
w
al
k
i
n
g
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
u
p
d
atin
g
m
o
v
i
n
g
d
ata,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
s
is
u
p
d
atin
g
t
h
eir
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
m
o
tio
n
s
.
As
an
e
x
a
m
p
le,
a
u
s
er
w
h
o
i
s
w
alk
in
g
an
d
a
u
s
er
w
h
o
is
d
r
iv
in
g
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
o
tio
n
as
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
u
p
d
ate.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
d
ataset
v
ar
ies,
th
e
m
o
r
e
r
esu
l
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t,
an
d
all
o
f
th
ese
o
u
tco
m
es
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
in
p
ar
t
f
o
r
in
co
m
i
n
g
r
esear
c
h
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
ett
er
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
ir
t
u
al
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t f
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
v
er
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
test
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
A
s
u
i
tab
le
w
a
y
t
h
at
ca
n
g
en
e
r
ate
s
y
n
th
e
tic
d
ataset
i
s
d
er
iv
in
g
a
m
o
d
el
o
r
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
w
it
h
v
ali
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
r
ea
l
d
ata.
An
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
v
alid
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
a
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
g
en
er
ato
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
t g
en
er
ato
r
I
n
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
tio
n
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
ta
k
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
u
p
d
ate.
T
w
o
m
ain
s
tep
s
ar
e
in
c
lu
d
e
d
in
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
i
s
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Mo
b
ile
u
s
er
s
'
lo
ca
ti
o
n
s
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ated
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
b
o
u
n
d
in
g
c
o
o
r
d
in
ates
th
at
ar
e
in
-
9
0
to
9
0
an
d
0
to
1
8
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
5
5
6
-
2563
2560
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
g
e
n
er
at
in
g
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
th
at
is
s
ep
ar
atel
y
ca
lcu
lated
w
it
h
latit
u
d
e
x
a
n
d
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e
y
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
lo
ca
ti
o
n
.
X=
m
i
n
X
+
(
r
an
d
o
m
(
)
*
(
m
ax
X
-
m
in
X)
+
1
)
;
Y=
m
i
n
Y
+
(
r
an
d
o
m
(
)
*
(
m
a
x
Y
-
m
i
n
Y)
+
1
)
;
Sin
ce
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
its
o
w
n
latit
u
d
e
an
d
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e,
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
s
ep
ar
atel
y
.
Af
ter
g
ett
in
g
r
a
n
d
o
m
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
all
o
f
t
h
ese
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
ar
e
w
al
k
i
n
g
,
d
r
iv
i
n
g
an
d
s
tatio
n
ar
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ti
m
e
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
es
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
ir
u
p
d
ates
ar
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
.
A
t
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
s
tep
,
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T
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s
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ated
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e
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ter
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ad
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s
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s
tr
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.
5
.
2
.
Ra
ng
e
s
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rc
hin
g
T
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m
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Co
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T
h
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F
ig
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4
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e
test
ed
r
esu
lts
w
it
h
in
a
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
les
s
t
h
a
n
1
0
0
k
m
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
ti
m
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
w
a
s
ta
k
en
n
ea
r
l
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
in
(
1
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
)
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
b
o
th
KD
tr
ee
an
d
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
i
n
d
ex
t
r
ee
ar
e
ad
e
q
u
atel
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
to
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
.
5
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
Nea
re
s
t
Neig
hb
o
r
Sea
rc
h w
it
hin
a
Ra
ng
e
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
e
s
t
in
d
e
x
tr
ee
an
d
KD
tr
e
e
th
at
ac
ts
w
it
h
i
n
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
ea
r
est
ar
e
m
ar
k
ed
an
d
ca
lcu
lated
.
.
I
n
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
th
e
cir
cu
lar
r
an
g
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
c
h
.
T
o
u
n
d
er
tak
e
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
t,
th
e
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
ar
e
f
ir
s
tl
y
c
h
ec
k
ed
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
r
n
o
t,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
ar
k
ed
t
h
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
en
,
th
e
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
li
s
ts
b
y
n
ea
r
es
t
c
alled
n
ea
r
est
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
is
te
s
ted
an
d
also
m
ar
k
ed
th
e
ti
m
e.
Su
c
h
a
q
u
er
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
s
ta
t
ic
o
r
s
tatio
n
ar
y
lo
ca
tio
n
s
b
u
t
also
m
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
q
u
er
y
th
at
r
ep
ea
ted
l
y
u
n
d
er
ta
k
es
a
s
a
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
r
a
n
g
e
q
u
er
y
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
es
o
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tak
e
s
a
h
al
f
ti
m
e
in
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
KD
tr
ee
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
t
i
m
e
o
v
er
t
w
o
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
tr
ee
s
ar
e
n
ea
r
l
y
th
e
s
a
m
e,
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
is
al
r
ea
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
t
o
n
ea
r
est n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
tr
ee
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
th
u
s
it c
an
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
n
ea
r
est
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
w
it
h
in
o
n
e
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
5
5
6
-
2563
2562
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
ti
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
ti
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
ec
u
tio
n
ti
m
e
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
ee
an
d
KD
tr
ee
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
v
er
t
w
o
n
o
n
-
b
ala
n
ce
d
tr
ee
s
(
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
e
ar
est
in
d
ex
tr
ee
an
d
KD
t
r
ee
)
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tr
ee
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
ti
m
e,
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
ti
m
e
d
u
r
in
g
r
an
g
e
s
e
ar
ch
es
a
n
d
n
ea
r
es
t
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
e
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
l
cu
latio
n
,
th
e
g
e
n
er
atin
g
o
f
th
e
latitu
d
e
a
n
d
lo
n
g
it
u
d
e
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
n
t
h
etic
m
o
b
ile
d
ataset
is
t
ak
en
b
y
M
y
a
n
m
ar
co
u
n
tr
y
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
latitu
d
es
an
d
lo
n
g
it
u
d
es a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
r
etr
iev
e
a
n
d
u
p
d
ate.
O
n
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
w
it
h
i
n
te
s
ts
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
ee
(
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
)
i
s
f
aster
in
tr
ee
b
u
il
d
in
g
d
u
e
to
o
r
d
er
ed
d
ata
b
y
q
u
er
ies
as
th
e
in
p
u
t d
a
ta.
I
t c
an
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
b
o
th
co
m
p
ar
at
iv
e
tr
ee
s
(
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est in
d
e
x
tr
ee
a
n
d
KD
tr
ee
)
ar
e
c
o
n
v
en
ien
t
l
y
an
d
f
ast
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
it
h
o
u
t
d
ela
y
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
ee
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
n
ea
r
est
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
b
y
le
v
el
o
r
d
er
s
in
ce
th
e
tr
ee
b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
o
t
h
at
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
g
i
v
e
p
r
iv
ate
ti
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
em
p
h
a
s
ized
an
e
f
f
i
cien
t
i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
an
d
q
u
er
y
in
g
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
n
a
s
y
n
t
h
etic
d
ataset.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
if
f
i
cu
ltie
s
o
f
g
etti
n
g
m
il
lio
n
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
a
s
y
n
t
h
etic
m
o
b
ile
d
ataset
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t.
T
h
e
p
r
eso
r
ted
-
n
ea
r
est
i
n
d
ex
tr
ee
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
s
y
s
te
m
atica
l
l
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
an
d
u
p
d
ated
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
to
d
esire
d
r
an
g
e
q
u
er
ies
o
v
er
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
i
n
d
icate
t
h
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ex
tr
ee
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
u
s
in
g
th
e
K
D
tr
ee
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
is
h
a
n
d
led
b
y
p
r
eso
r
tin
g
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tr
ee
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
p
r
eso
r
ted
b
y
in
p
u
t
q
u
er
ie
s
r
esis
t
th
e
s
k
e
w
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
d
esire
d
r
an
g
e
q
u
er
ies
an
d
n
ea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
with
i
n
th
e
s
h
o
r
t e
x
ec
u
tio
n
ti
m
e,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
lar
g
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ataset.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
I
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
ex
p
r
es
s
v
er
y
s
p
ec
ial
t
h
an
k
s
to
m
y
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
Dr
.
Sab
ai
P
h
y
u
,
P
r
o
f
es
s
o
r
,
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
St
u
d
ies,
Yan
g
o
n
.
I
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
co
n
tin
u
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
e
r
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
v
alu
ab
le
g
u
id
an
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
t
u
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Mo
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
in
d
ex
in
g
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
yn
th
etic
mo
vi
n
g
o
b
jects (
Th
u
Th
u
Za
n
)
2563
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
Dh
u
m
a
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
V
e
h
icle
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
G
P
S
a
n
d
A
n
d
r
o
id
OS,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
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a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
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e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
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o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
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ri
n
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
AR
CET
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
4
)
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
Bra
ta K
.
C
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
u
g
m
e
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ted
Re
a
li
t
y
In
f
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m
a
ti
o
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r
Bu
s Ro
u
te P
lan
n
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
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ti
o
n
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l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(1
),
p
p
.
1
4
2
-
1
4
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
S
y
a
f
i
e
N
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
On
li
n
e
Disa
ste
r
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
Ba
s
e
d
S
e
rv
ice
L
B
S
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
-
ICT
)
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
3
(1
)
,
p
p
.
47
-
5
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
S.
Dh
a
n
a
b
a
l
a
n
d
S.
C
h
a
n
d
ra
m
a
th
i,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
k
-
Ne
a
re
st
Ne
ig
h
b
o
r
Qu
e
ry
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s (
0
9
7
5
–
8
8
8
7
)
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
31
(
7
)
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
S
.
G
h
o
rb
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
M
u
tu
a
l
Ne
a
re
st
Ne
ig
h
b
o
u
r
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
o
n
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
in
S
p
a
ti
o
tem
p
o
ra
l
Da
tas
e
ts,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
5
)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
H
.
J
.
Ch
o
,
“
Eff
icie
n
t
S
h
a
re
d
Ex
e
c
u
ti
o
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
o
f
k
-
N
e
a
re
st
Ne
ig
h
b
o
r
Jo
in
s
in
Ro
a
d
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,
”
M
o
b
il
e
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
A
rti
c
le ID
1
2
4
3
2
8
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
Jo
v
a
n
o
v
ic
Z
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ja
v
a
S
p
ri
n
g
Bo
o
t
Re
st
W
EB
S
e
rv
ice
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
Ja
v
a
Artif
ici
a
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
W
e
k
a
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
t
if
ic Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
Ga
b
ro
v
o
,
p
p
.
270
-
2
7
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
Ay
a
b
a
k
a
n
I
.
a
n
d
Kili
m
c
i
P
.
,
“
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
t
Da
tab
a
se
s
-
In
d
e
x
in
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
(6
),
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
5
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
Ju
n
g
H
.
R
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
n
ten
t
-
M
a
tch
e
d
Ra
n
g
e
-
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
Qu
e
ries
o
v
e
r
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
in
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
5
(9
)
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
4
3
-
2
4
1
7
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
P
f
o
se
r
D
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
v
e
l
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
to
t
h
e
In
d
e
x
in
g
o
f
M
o
v
i
n
g
Ob
jec
t
T
ra
jec
to
rie,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
6
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
D
a
ta
b
a
se
s (
VL
DB'0
0
)
,
Ca
i
ro
,
Eg
y
p
t
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
-
4
0
6
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
1
]
P
a
rk
K.
,
“
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
g
rid
-
i
n
d
e
x
f
o
r
sp
a
ti
a
l
q
u
e
ry
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
”
Exp
e
rt
S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
El
se
v
ier
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
1
(4
),
p
p
.
1
2
9
4
-
1
3
0
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
Rsla
n
E
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
p
a
ti
a
l
R
-
T
re
e
In
d
e
x
Ba
se
d
o
n
G
rid
Div
isio
n
f
o
r
Qu
e
ry
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Da
ta
b
a
se
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
DM
S
),
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
6
),
p
p
.
2
5
-
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
Zh
a
n
g
F
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
S
p
a
ti
a
l
Qu
e
ries
f
o
r
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
U
sin
g
S
to
rm
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ge
o
-
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
1
0
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
S
id
lau
sk
a
s D
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
re
e
s o
r
G
r
id
s?
In
d
e
x
in
g
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
in
M
a
in
M
e
m
o
r
y
,
”
T
h
e
ACM
GIS
’0
9
.
S
e
a
tt
le,
W
A,
US
A
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
-
2
4
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
5
]
Zi
w
e
i
Z
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
V
o
r
-
K
V
G
Q
In
d
e
x
S
tr
u
c
tu
re
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
Ob
jec
ts
Ba
se
d
o
n
C
o
v
e
Re
d
A
re
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Hy
b
rid
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
5
),
p
p
.
1
7
7
-
1
8
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
Jo
h
n
A
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
In
d
e
x
in
g
a
n
d
Qu
e
ry
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
S
p
a
ti
o
-
T
e
m
p
o
ra
l
Da
ta,
”
ICT
ACT
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
o
f
t
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
6
(
3
),
p
p
.
1
1
9
8
-
1
2
7
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
Do
n
g
Y
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
rid
-
In
d
e
x
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Re
v
e
r
se
Ra
n
k
Q
u
e
ries
,
”
T
h
e
2
0
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Exte
n
d
in
g
Da
ta
b
a
se
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
EDBT
)
,
V
e
n
ice
,
Italy
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
P
a
rk
Y
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
F
a
st
a
n
d
Co
m
p
a
c
t
In
d
e
x
in
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts,
”
1
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
Reu
se
&
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
(
IRI
)
IEE
E
,
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
,
CA
,
USA
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
Ka
las
h
n
ik
o
v
D
.
V
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Eff
i
c
ien
t
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
Ra
n
g
e
Qu
e
ries
o
n
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts,
”
T
h
e
1
3
th
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
D
a
ta
b
a
se
a
n
d
Exp
e
rt S
y
ste
ms
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
p
p
.
7
3
1
-
7
4
0
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
0
]
L
e
H
.
V.
,
“
Distrib
u
te
d
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
Da
tab
a
se
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ke
y
-
V
a
lu
e
S
t
o
re
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
VL
DB
2
0
1
6
Ph
.
D.
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
,
Ne
w
De
lh
i,
In
d
i
a
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
L
e
e
Y
.
a
n
d
S
o
n
g
S
.
,
“
Distrib
u
te
d
In
d
e
x
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
M
o
v
in
g
Ob
jec
ts
b
a
se
d
o
n
S
p
a
rk
S
trea
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
n
ten
ts
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
1
(1
),
p
p
.
6
9
-
7
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
X
u
J
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
T
M
-
R
T
re
e
:
a
n
in
d
e
x
o
n
g
e
n
e
ric
m
o
v
in
g
o
b
jec
ts
f
o
r
ra
n
g
e
q
u
e
ries
,
”
An
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ie
n
c
e
fo
r Ge
o
g
ra
p
h
ic I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
m
s
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
9
(
3
),
p
p
.
4
8
7
-
5
2
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Th
u
T
h
u
Za
n
is
a
re
se
a
r
c
h
c
a
n
d
i
d
a
te
a
t
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
L
a
b
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
t
u
d
ies
Ya
n
g
o
n
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
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b
a
se
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o
n
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e
n
e
ra
ti
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g
sy
n
th
e
ti
c
d
a
tas
e
t
f
o
r
m
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v
in
g
o
b
jec
ts,
w
irele
ss
n
e
tw
o
rk
o
p
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ra
ti
o
n
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n
d
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
S
h
e
is
a
ls
o
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
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EN
G
(In
tern
a
ti
o
n
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l
A
ss
o
c
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n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
r).
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a
b
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Ph
y
u
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u
d
Co
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Un
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rsity
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f
Co
m
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ter
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tu
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,
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g
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(UCS
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M
y
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n
m
a
r.
S
h
e
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in
tere
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in
v
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De
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UCSY
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r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.