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[
3
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Fo
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[
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m
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h
o
d
s
w
o
r
k
w
ell
in
co
n
tr
o
lled
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
eir
test
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
s
tatic
w
it
h
n
ea
r
d
is
ta
n
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
d
ev
ice.
I
n
r
ea
l
s
ce
n
a
r
io
it
is
co
m
m
o
n
t
h
at
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
w
o
u
ld
m
o
v
e
an
d
also
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
w
o
u
ld
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
m
er
a.
T
h
e
r
ec
en
t
w
o
r
k
in
[
7
-
1
0
]
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
m
o
tio
n
is
s
u
e
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
f
ac
ial
la
n
d
m
ar
k
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
,
tr
ac
k
er
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
r
ec
ti
f
icatio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
till
th
e
y
d
id
n
o
t
test
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
ar
io
u
s
ac
q
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is
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tio
n
d
is
t
an
ce
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
HR
r
esid
e
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
tas
k
is
d
au
n
t
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tact
b
ased
HR
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
i
n
v
est
ig
ate
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
H
R
f
o
r
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
p
tim
a
l f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
c
ap
ab
le
to
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
2.
SYST
E
M
O
VE
RVI
E
W
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
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m
ai
n
s
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a
m
el
y
,
f
ac
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l
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ac
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er
,
s
ig
n
al
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
,
B
lin
d
So
u
r
ce
Sep
ar
atio
n
(
B
SS
)
u
s
i
n
g
I
C
A
,
f
il
ter
in
g
an
d
las
tl
y
,
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ov
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
f
lo
w
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
is
f
a
ce
v
id
eo
th
at
w
a
s
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
y
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s
i
n
g
a
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id
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ca
m
er
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d
t
h
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u
tp
u
t
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th
e
H
R
esti
m
atio
n
r
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d
in
g
t
h
at
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
b
ea
t
p
er
m
i
n
u
te
(
b
p
m
)
u
n
it.
Fo
r
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t,
in
itial
l
y
t
h
e
f
ac
ial
tr
ac
k
e
r
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
e
im
a
g
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
T
h
is
f
ac
ial
tr
ac
k
er
w
o
u
ld
tr
ac
k
r
ig
id
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
r
i
g
id
f
ac
ial
lan
d
m
ar
k
,
an
d
4
9
p
o
in
ts
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
ial
p
o
in
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
.
T
h
e
4
9
p
o
in
ts
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
ial
la
n
d
m
ar
k
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tin
g
r
eg
io
n
o
f
i
n
ter
es
t
(
R
OI
)
.
Nex
t
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
is
ex
t
r
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
R
OI
b
ased
o
n
te
m
p
o
r
al
r
an
d
o
m
tr
ac
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
co
lo
r
ch
a
n
n
el.
S
in
ce
th
e
s
ig
n
al
ac
q
u
ir
ed
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
co
n
tain
n
o
i
s
e
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
a
n
I
C
A
b
ased
B
SS
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
u
s
ed
to
s
ep
ar
ate
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
er
P
P
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
n
w
an
ted
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
at,
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
er
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
is
u
n
d
er
g
o
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
f
i
lter
in
g
s
tep
to
o
b
tai
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
ta
te
o
f
s
i
g
n
al
p
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
it
y
(
P
SD)
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
t
h
e
HR
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
r
el
y
in
g
o
n
s
in
g
le
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
H
R
r
ea
d
in
g
is
s
till
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
i
s
,
a
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
ep
etiti
v
e
HR
r
ea
d
in
g
i
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
R
OI
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
an
d
o
m
tr
ac
es.
E
v
e
n
tu
a
ll
y
,
th
e
HR
i
s
es
ti
m
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
w
it
h
lo
w
est
v
ar
iatio
n
r
ea
d
i
n
g
.
2
.
1
.
F
a
cia
l D
et
ec
t
io
n
Facial
tr
ac
k
er
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
ac
e
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
t
f
ac
ial
la
n
d
m
ar
k
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
o
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
f
ac
e
d
etec
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t,
a
s
et
o
f
v
alid
ated
f
ac
e
r
eg
io
n
s
is
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
i
n
g
A
d
aB
o
o
s
t
-
b
ased
ca
s
ca
d
e
w
it
h
Haa
r
li
k
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
class
i
f
ier
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
a
s
tr
o
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clas
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if
ie
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(
p
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es)
as
lin
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co
m
b
in
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w
ea
k
cl
ass
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f
ier
s
(
n
e
g
ati
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m
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es).
D
u
r
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g
d
etec
tio
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,
a
s
er
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o
f
class
i
f
ier
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
ev
er
y
i
m
ag
e
s
u
b
-
w
i
n
d
o
w
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
.
R
eg
io
n
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
v
alid
if
t
h
e
y
p
as
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
all
th
e
clas
s
i
f
ier
s
ta
g
es.
Fro
m
th
e
d
etec
ted
f
ac
e
r
eg
io
n
,
f
ac
ial
lan
d
m
ar
k
s
ar
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
ca
s
ca
d
ed
o
f
p
o
s
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
r
a
w
i
n
itial
g
u
es
s
o
f
f
ac
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lan
d
m
ar
k
p
o
s
it
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n
s
an
d
u
s
es
a
ca
s
ca
d
e
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
o
r
s
to
i
n
f
er
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
a
s
w
h
o
le
an
d
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x
p
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m
i
n
i
m
i
ze
s
th
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ali
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n
m
e
n
t
er
r
o
r
o
v
er
t
h
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
d
ata.
L
et
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
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8
8
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7
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6
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6
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f
ac
e.
R
i
g
h
t
c
h
ee
k
w
as
ch
o
s
en
s
i
n
ce
les
s
n
o
n
-
r
i
g
id
m
o
tio
n
is
g
en
er
ated
i
n
th
is
ar
ea
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Ne
x
t,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
atch
w
a
s
s
elec
ted
o
n
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
f
ac
e
t
h
at
i
n
cl
u
d
es
e
y
es
a
n
d
n
o
s
e
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io
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t
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x
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u
d
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
eh
ea
d
ar
ea
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in
ce
t
h
e
f
o
r
eh
ea
d
ten
d
s
t
o
b
e
co
v
er
ed
b
y
h
air
.
T
h
is
ar
ea
w
a
s
ch
o
s
e
n
b
ec
au
s
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
1
3
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
f
ac
e
to
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
R
OI
f
o
r
v
id
eo
b
ased
HR
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
atch
w
a
s
th
e
w
h
o
le
f
ac
e
s
in
ce
b
asical
l
y
t
h
e
lar
g
er
t
h
e
r
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io
n
,
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
ex
tr
ac
t th
e
P
P
G
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
a
f
ar
d
is
tan
ce
is
h
ig
h
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
w
h
o
le
f
ac
e
r
eg
io
n
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
1
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%
h
o
r
izo
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tal
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
n
d
2
0
%
o
f
v
er
tical
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
to
ce
n
ter
lo
ca
tio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
ex
clu
d
e
p
lau
s
ib
le
r
eg
io
n
t
h
a
t
co
n
s
tit
u
te
to
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
p
atch
w
as
s
elec
ted
at
th
e
lo
w
er
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
f
ac
e
t
h
at
in
c
lu
d
es
n
o
s
e
an
d
m
o
u
t
h
b
u
t
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
e
y
es
a
n
d
ch
in
a
r
ea
.
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h
is
r
eg
io
n
w
as
ch
o
s
e
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
er
e
ar
e
less
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o
n
-
r
i
g
id
m
o
tio
n
i
n
it
an
d
w
id
er
R
OI
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
atc
h
p
l
ac
ed
o
n
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
ch
ee
k
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
s
elec
te
d
R
OI
,
r
an
d
o
m
p
air
te
m
p
o
r
al
g
r
ee
n
co
lo
r
ch
an
n
el
v
alu
e
s
t
h
at
in
d
icate
t
h
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
i
s
ex
tr
ac
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sa
m
p
le
o
f
f
ac
ial
tr
ac
k
er
r
esu
lt,
(
a)
4
9
f
ac
ial
lan
d
m
a
r
k
s
,
(
b
)
R
OI
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
t
h
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
2
.
2
.
P
P
G
Sig
na
l E
x
t
ra
ct
io
n a
nd
No
is
e
Re
m
o
v
a
l
I
n
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
R
O
I
th
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
is
o
b
tain
ed
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
p
ic
k
u
p
t
w
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d
if
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er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
R
O
I
,
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
tap
s
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
g
r
ee
n
co
lo
r
ch
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n
el
i
n
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
lo
ca
tio
n
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
v
id
eo
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
Gr
ee
n
ch
a
n
n
el
w
as
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
P
P
G
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
e
s
t
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
co
lo
r
ch
an
n
el
[
4
]
.
Sa
m
p
le
o
f
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
t
w
o
tr
ac
e
s
o
f
P
P
G
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
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t
h
at
t
h
e
o
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tain
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s
ig
n
al
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co
n
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i
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ated
w
it
h
n
o
is
e
d
u
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to
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e
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f
f
ec
t
f
r
o
m
th
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e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
n
ee
d
to
u
n
d
er
g
o
s
o
m
e
f
i
lter
in
g
s
tep
p
r
io
r
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
HR
v
al
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sa
m
p
le
o
f
ex
tr
ac
ted
t
w
o
r
a
w
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
g
r
ee
n
tr
ac
e
in
t
h
e
f
ac
e
r
eg
io
n
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u
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th
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w
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P
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ig
n
al
w
h
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e
b
lo
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m
e
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ar
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ca
u
s
e
b
y
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r
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ls
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d
th
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ill
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h
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g
es.
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h
e
co
m
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in
atio
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o
f
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o
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ar
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t
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d
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q
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(
2
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in
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r
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p
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PPG
raw
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s
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2
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I
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th
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C
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s
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h
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el
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m
t
h
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m
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e
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asicall
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s
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tech
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e
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th
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l
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m
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s
er
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ed
m
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x
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e
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h
e
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n
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m
e
to
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lin
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l
y
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r
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d
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w
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es
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e
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io
u
s
l
y
i
s
f
ed
to
th
e
I
C
A
b
y
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u
m
in
g
th
e
r
ec
tifie
d
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P
G
a
n
d
th
e
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
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e
in
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en
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e
n
t.
Af
ter
s
o
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n
g
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o
r
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e
co
m
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n
en
ts
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th
e
I
C
A
w
il
l
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
wo
s
ep
ar
ated
s
i
g
n
al
s
as
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
f
ed
t
w
o
tr
ac
es
p
r
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ce
t
w
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co
m
p
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e
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t
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in
w
h
ic
h
o
n
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o
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t
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e
n
t
s
s
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g
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a
l p
atter
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is
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te
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e
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e
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e
r
ated
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C
A
s
i
g
n
als
b
elo
n
g
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p
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i.e
.
,
P
P
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r
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m
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at
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est
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er
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e
E
u
licd
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n
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s
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r
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i
s
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er
f
o
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ed
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i
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
s
co
r
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
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d
th
e
tr
ac
es,
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
n
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
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il
l
b
e
la
b
eled
as
th
e
r
ec
tifie
d
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
w
h
ile
th
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
w
ill b
e
d
en
o
ted
as illu
m
i
n
atio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sa
m
p
le
o
f
I
C
A
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
B
SS
,
o
r
ig
in
a
l si
g
n
al
i
n
t
h
e
le
f
t sid
e
an
d
t
w
o
I
C
A
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
n
th
e
r
ig
h
t sid
e
2
.
4
.
P
P
G
F
ilte
ring
On
ce
th
e
p
u
r
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
is
i
n
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
f
i
n
al
s
tep
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
v
alu
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
till
co
n
tai
n
s
n
o
i
s
e
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
f
il
ter
in
g
s
tep
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
er
,
t
w
o
te
m
p
o
r
al
f
ilter
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
etr
en
d
in
g
[
1
4
]
an
d
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
v
er
ag
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
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ed
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cin
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w
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n
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o
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h
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ed
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ig
n
al
i
s
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ted
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r
eq
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ai
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eter
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i
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it
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(
P
SD)
u
s
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W
elch
m
et
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d
[
1
5
]
w
it
h
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co
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tr
ain
ed
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eq
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en
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y
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at
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ep
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esen
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g
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f
r
o
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4
2
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p
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to
2
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p
m
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v
e
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t
u
all
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i
s
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lcu
la
ted
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y
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ated
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g
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r
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elch
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Fig
u
r
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5
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ter
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a)
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g
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(
b
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v
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g
Av
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ag
e
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(
c)
P
w
elch
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eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
Hz
–
4
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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8
8
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8708
I
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Vo
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3034
2
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5
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Ana
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g
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ai
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e
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eter
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in
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te
n
c
y
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v
er
th
e
s
a
m
p
led
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
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o
an
al
y
ze
th
e
p
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m
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m
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ix
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t
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6
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t
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a
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u
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m
a
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tat
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m
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tio
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e
p
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s
s
.
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m
p
le
s
n
ap
s
h
o
ts
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
etti
n
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ar
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s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
w
h
ic
h
i
n
d
icate
s
p
ictu
r
es tak
e
n
w
it
h
f
ac
ial
la
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d
m
ar
k
s
d
etec
ted
.
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h
e
an
al
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s
is
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
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eter
m
in
e
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
cr
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s
s
c
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r
r
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d
is
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ce
s
a
n
d
f
ac
e
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th
a
t
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ield
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g
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est
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cc
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r
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f
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h
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m
ated
HR
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alu
e.
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ar
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t
c
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ee
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,
ce
n
ter
f
ac
e,
w
h
o
le
f
ac
e
a
n
d
lo
w
er
f
ac
e.
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ll
t
h
e
p
atc
h
w
il
l
b
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tili
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h
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f
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ce
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ab
le
1
.
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t
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tab
le,
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o
r
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eter
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(
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
to
p
lef
t)
)
th
e
m
o
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t
ac
cu
r
ate
HR
w
as
f
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n
d
to
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ated
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r
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m
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ig
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k
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h
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Fig
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r
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6.
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x
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en
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eter
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e
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,
it
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at
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m
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p
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s
a
m
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as
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h
t
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n
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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.
(
)
(
3
)
(
)
(
4
)
Fro
m
th
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
d
ata,
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
p
er
s
o
n
H
R
r
ea
d
in
g
o
v
e
r
a
5
m
eter
s
r
a
n
g
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
ed
u
ce
th
at
th
e
R
OI
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
ac
cu
r
ate
r
ea
d
i
n
g
w
a
s
t
h
e
p
atch
t
h
at
p
lace
d
in
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
f
ac
e
th
at
w
it
h
an
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
8
8
.
6
2
%
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
w
h
ile
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
R
OI
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lo
w
er
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
e
w
it
h
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
9
3
.
6
5
%
o
f
ac
cu
r
ate
HR
esti
m
at
io
n
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
in
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
HR
r
ea
d
in
g
is
t
h
e
e
y
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
s
e
lecte
d
R
OI
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
g
e
n
er
all
y
th
e
en
tire
s
elec
ted
p
at
h
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ar
o
u
n
d
8
0
% o
f
ac
cu
r
ate
HR
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
in
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
v
ar
iat
i
o
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
S
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
v
esti
g
ates
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
R
OI
v
ar
iatio
n
o
v
er
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
n
o
n
c
o
n
tact
HR
esti
m
atio
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
to
tal
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
tep
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
w
h
ic
h
is
v
id
eo
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
f
ac
ial
d
etec
tio
n
,
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
,
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
f
il
ter
in
g
a
n
d
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
,
w
e
ca
n
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ab
le
to
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
er
ly
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
tan
ce
s
v
ar
iat
io
n
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
m
eter
s
with
a
n
a
v
er
ag
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
9
2
%.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
e
v
al
u
ated
R
OI
,
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
lo
w
er
p
ar
t
o
f
f
ac
e
r
eg
io
n
ca
p
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
a
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
v
er
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
an
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
w
it
h
9
3
.
6
1
%.
Fo
r
f
u
tu
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
ex
p
e
cted
to
b
e
ab
le
to
d
etec
t
th
e
HR
r
ea
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
r
an
g
in
g
o
f
s
k
i
n
to
n
e
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
H
R
r
ea
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
p
er
s
o
n
s
.
W
e
w
o
u
l
d
also
i
n
ter
ested
to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
al
y
s
is
m
et
h
o
d
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
th
e
HR
r
ea
d
i
n
g
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
also
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
to
m
ak
e
it
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
r
ea
l ti
m
e
d
ata
HR
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t sce
n
ar
io
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
t
h
a
n
k
to
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
E
)
an
d
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
u
n
Hu
s
s
ei
n
o
n
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
UT
HM
)
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
F
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
Gr
an
t Sch
e
m
e
(
Vo
t.
n
o
.
1
5
8
2
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
.
G
.
Ce
n
n
in
i,
J.
A
rg
u
e
l,
K.A
k
sit
a
n
d
A
.
V
a
n
L
e
e
st,
“
He
a
rt
Ra
te
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
v
ia
Re
m
o
te
P
h
o
t
o
p
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
w
it
h
M
o
ti
o
n
A
rti
f
a
c
t
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
”
,
O
p
ti
c
Exp
re
ss
,
1
8
(5
)
:
4
8
6
7
-
4
8
7
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
.
C
.
L
i,
C.
X
u
,
C.
G
u
i,
M
.
D.
F
o
x
,
“
Dista
n
c
e
re
g
u
lariz
e
d
le
v
e
l
se
t
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
im
a
g
e
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
”
,
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
o
n
I
ma
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
]
.
M.
-
Z.
P
o
h
,
D.
J
.
M
c
Du
f
f
,
a
n
d
R.
W
.
P
ica
rd
,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
in
n
o
n
c
o
n
tac
ts,
m
u
lt
ip
a
ra
m
e
t
e
r
h
y
sio
lo
g
i
c
a
l
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
u
sin
g
a
w
e
b
c
a
m
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
.
W
.
V
e
rk
ru
y
ss
e
,
L
.
O.
S
v
a
a
sa
n
d
,
a
n
d
J.
S
.
Ne
lso
n
,
“
Re
m
o
te
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
im
a
g
in
g
u
sin
g
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
li
g
h
t”,
Op
ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
,
1
6
(
2
6
)
:
2
1
4
3
4
-
2
1
4
4
5
,
De
c
2
0
0
8
.
[5
]
.
S
.
Kw
o
n
,
H.
Kim
,
a
n
d
K
.
S
.
P
a
r
k
,
“
Va
li
d
a
t
io
n
o
f
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
e
x
tr
a
c
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
v
id
e
o
ima
g
in
g
o
n
a
b
u
il
t
-
i
n
c
a
me
ra
sy
ste
m
o
f
a
sm
a
rt
p
h
o
n
e
”
,
In
I
EE
E
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
i
n
M
e
d
icin
e
a
n
d
Bio
lo
g
y
S
o
c
iety
(E
M
BC),
p
a
g
e
s
2
1
7
4
-
2
1
7
7
,
A
u
g
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
.
G
.
Ba
la
k
ri
sh
n
a
n
,
F
.
Du
ra
n
d
,
a
n
d
J.
G
u
tt
a
g
,
“
De
tec
ti
n
g
p
u
lse
fr
o
m
h
e
a
d
mo
ti
o
n
s
in
v
i
d
e
o
”
,
In
I
EE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter
V
isio
n
a
n
d
P
a
tt
e
r
n
Re
c
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
(
CVP
R),
p
a
g
e
s 3
4
3
0
-
3
4
3
7
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
.
X
.
L
i,
J.
Ch
e
n
,
G
.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
ietik
a
i
n
e
n
,
“
Rem
o
te
He
a
rt
Ra
te
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
fro
m
Fa
c
e
V
id
e
o
u
n
d
e
r
Rea
li
sti
c
S
it
u
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
In
IEE
E
C
o
m
p
u
ter Visio
n
a
n
d
P
a
t
tern
Re
c
o
g
n
it
i
o
n
(C
VP
R),
p
p
.
:
4
2
6
4
-
4
2
7
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
.
M
.
Ku
m
a
r,
A
.
V
e
e
ra
ra
g
h
a
v
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
b
h
a
rw
a
l,
“
Dista
n
c
e
c
e
P
P
G
:
Ro
b
u
st
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
tac
t
Vital
S
i
g
n
M
o
n
it
o
r
i
n
g
u
sin
g
a
Ca
m
e
r
a
”
,
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
O
p
t
ic E
x
p
re
ss
,
6
(5
):
1
5
6
5
-
1
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
3
0
–
3
0
3
6
3036
[9
]
.
A
.
La
m
a
n
d
Y.
Ku
n
o
,
“
R
o
b
u
st
He
a
rt
Ra
te
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
fro
m
Vi
d
e
o
u
sin
g
S
e
lec
t
Ra
n
d
o
m
P
a
t
c
h
e
s”
,
In
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
V
isi
o
n
(ICC
V
),
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
.
R.
-
Y.
Hu
a
n
g
a
n
d
L
.
-
R
D
u
n
g
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
He
a
rt
Ra
t
e
V
a
riab
il
i
ty
u
sin
g
o
ff
th
e
sh
e
lf
s
m
a
rt
p
h
o
n
e
s”
,
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
o
n
li
n
e
,
1
5
:1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
.
P
.
Vio
la
a
n
d
M
.
Jo
n
e
s,
“
Ra
p
id
o
b
jec
t
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
a
b
o
o
ste
d
c
a
sc
a
d
e
o
f
simp
le
fea
t
u
re
s
”
,
In
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
C
o
m
p
.
V
isi
o
n
a
n
d
P
a
tt
e
rn
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
2
0
0
1
,
p
p
.
5
1
1
-
5
1
8
.
[1
2
]
.
P.
Do
ll
a
r,
P
.
W
e
li
n
d
e
r,
P
.
P
e
ro
n
a
,
“
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
Po
se
Reg
re
ss
io
n
”
,
In
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
V
is
io
n
a
n
d
P
a
t
tern
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
.
T
.
P
u
rsc
h
e
,
J.
Kra
je
w
s
k
i,
a
n
d
R.
M
o
e
ll
e
r,
“
Vi
d
e
o
-
b
a
se
d
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
me
a
su
re
me
n
t
fro
m
h
u
ma
n
fa
c
e
s”
,
In
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
su
m
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(IE
EE
,
2
0
1
2
),
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
4
–
5
4
5
[1
4
]
.
P
.
T
a
rv
a
in
e
n
,
P
.
O.
R
a
n
ta
-
a
h
o
,
a
n
d
P
.
A
.
Ka
rjala
in
e
n
,
“
A
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
d
e
tren
d
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
w
it
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
h
rv
a
n
a
ly
si
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
Bi
o
me
d
.
E
n
g
.
,
2
0
0
2
[1
5
]
.
P
.
W
e
lch
,
“
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
f
a
st
f
o
u
rier
tran
sf
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
sp
e
c
tra:
a
m
e
th
o
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
ti
m
e
a
v
e
ra
g
in
g
o
v
e
rsh
o
rt,
m
o
d
if
ied
p
e
ri
o
d
o
g
ra
m
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
o
n
Au
d
i
o
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
a
c
o
u
st
ics
,
1
9
6
7
B
IO
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
No
r
w
a
h
id
a
h
Ibra
h
i
m
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
9
3
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
l
a
y
sia
in
2
0
1
6
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
d
o
i
n
g
h
e
r
M
.
En
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
c
o
m
p
u
ter v
isio
n
,
im
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
sig
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
Ra
z
a
li
To
m
a
r
i
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
1
9
8
0
.
He
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ics
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsi
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
0
3
,
M
.
S
c
i
n
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
6
.
A
n
d
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isio
n
a
n
d
ro
b
o
ti
c
f
ro
m
th
e
S
a
it
a
m
a
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
,
Ja
p
a
n
in
2
0
1
3
.
In
2
0
0
3
,
h
e
jo
i
n
e
d
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsi
t
y
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
a
s
a
tu
to
r
a
n
d
late
r
o
n
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
2
0
1
3
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isio
n
,
p
a
tt
e
rn
re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
sm
a
rt
w
h
e
e
lch
a
ir
a
n
d
se
n
sin
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
W
N
Wa
n
Za
k
a
r
i
a
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
B.
En
g
(2
0
0
7
)
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Ch
ib
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
M
S
c
(2
0
0
8
)
a
n
d
P
h
D
(2
0
1
2
)
f
ro
m
N
e
w
c
a
stle
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
M
e
d
ica
l
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s
S
y
ste
m
sp
e
c
i
f
ica
ll
y
o
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ro
b
o
t
f
o
rc
e
c
o
n
tro
l,
Im
a
g
e
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
A
id
e
d
Dia
g
n
o
sis,
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
e
a
ra
b
le
De
v
ice
.
S
h
e
is
a
u
t
h
o
r
a
n
d
c
o
-
a
u
t
h
o
r
o
f
se
v
e
ra
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
p
a
p
e
rs an
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
gs
.
Nu
r
m
i
z
a
B
in
ti
O
t
h
m
a
n
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
T
e
re
n
g
g
a
n
u
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
1
9
8
3
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
f
ro
m
Utsu
n
o
m
i
y
a
Un
iv
e
rsi
ty
,
Ja
p
a
n
in
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
)
f
ro
m
K
y
u
sh
u
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ja
p
a
n
in
2
0
1
4
.
I
n
2
0
0
7
,
sh
e
jo
in
e
d
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
a
s
a
tu
to
r.
F
ro
m
2
0
1
4
t
o
p
re
se
n
t,
sh
e
h
a
s
a
p
p
o
in
te
d
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
.
C
u
rre
n
t
ly
,
sh
e
is
a
lso
a
S
e
n
i
o
r
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
o
f
U
T
HM
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ce
n
ter
F
o
r
A
p
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
m
e
m
b
e
rs
h
ip
IEE
E
u
n
d
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
in
M
e
d
icin
e
a
n
d
Bi
o
lo
g
y
S
o
c
iety
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
M
icro
f
a
b
ric
a
ti
o
n
,
Na
n
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
M
a
teria
ls,
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
P
a
rti
c
le
Im
a
g
in
g
,
a
n
d
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
.
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