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d
w
id
th
[
13
],
[
14
],
Def
ec
ted
Gr
o
u
n
d
Stru
ct
u
r
e
(
DGS)
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a.
DG
S
i
s
r
e
alize
d
b
y
i
n
s
er
ted
a
s
i
m
p
le
s
h
ap
e
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
T
h
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
DGS
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
c
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a.
A
l
s
o
DGS
p
er
m
it
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ize
o
f
a
n
a
n
te
n
n
a,
t
h
u
s
to
lo
w
er
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
w
e
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
DGS
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
t
h
er
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
in
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s
.
Fi
n
a
ll
y
th
e
DGS
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
p
la
y
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
ac
t
a
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
icr
o
w
av
e
cir
cu
its
[
15
],
[
16
].
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
an
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
DG
S
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
o
r
e
o
v
er
th
e
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
a
n
a
cc
ep
tab
le
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
w
id
er
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
s
tab
le
r
ad
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n
p
atter
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
UW
B
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
s
e
an
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
.
Deta
ils
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
s
;
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
2.
DE
S
T
RIP
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T
I
O
N
O
F
UWB
AT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
UW
B
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
an
d
ca
lcu
latio
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s
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
esi
g
n
e
d
is
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ased
o
n
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
r
ad
iato
r
p
atch
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
it c
an
b
e
ea
s
il
y
to
an
al
y
ze
.
I
n
d
esi
g
n
in
g
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
an
te
n
n
a,
th
er
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ar
e
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ar
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
n
ee
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ed
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
w
id
t
h
“
W
”
an
d
le
n
g
t
h
“
L
”
ar
e
cr
itical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
an
d
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
is
ab
o
u
t
L
=
λ
/2
f
o
r
d
o
m
in
a
n
t T
M
10
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
atc
h
i
s
v
er
y
cr
itica
l,
it
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Hen
ce
,
to
lead
to
p
r
ac
tical
d
e
s
ig
n
s
o
f
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
i
p
an
ten
n
as,
t
h
er
e’
s
a
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
e
ess
en
tia
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ar
e
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
(
ε
r
)
,
th
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
f
r
)
an
d
h
eig
h
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
h
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
[
5
]
:
Fo
r
an
ef
f
icie
n
t r
ad
iato
r
,
a
p
r
a
ctica
l
w
id
th
t
h
at
lea
d
s
to
g
o
o
d
r
ad
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n
ef
f
icien
c
ies is
:
√
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
C
is
t
h
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
li
g
h
t.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
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o
n
ea
ch
en
d
b
y
a
d
is
ta
n
ce
Δ
L
,
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
atch
i
s
:
(
2
)
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
at
ch
is
:
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
r
ec
tan
g
u
l
ar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
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J
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C
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Micr
o
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t
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ip
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ta
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u
la
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n
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n
ten
n
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s
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ith
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u
n
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B
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S
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la
jo
u
mi
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m
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lized
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io
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r
a
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g
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lar
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icr
o
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tr
ip
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atch
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te
n
n
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th
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e
f
f
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ti
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e
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iel
ec
tr
ic
co
n
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tan
t f
o
r
an
y
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M
m
n
m
o
d
e
i
s
g
i
v
e
b
y
as:
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5
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T
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m
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u
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ch
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u
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atin
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u
r
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u
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
J
E
C
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II
3.
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M
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S
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n
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ar
t
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s
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ip
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s
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it
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ec
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ed
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r
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n
d
s
tr
u
ct
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r
e
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DGS)
.
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h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
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t
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atch
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W
.
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a
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“
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o
f
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id
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b
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UW
B
Ra
d
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mu
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s:
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m
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e
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M
A
,
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l
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2
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0
0
.
[2
]
F
.
C.
C
o
m
m
issio
n
,
“
Re
v
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f
P
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1
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Co
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p
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]
Ka
rti
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m
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rn
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,
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Ultra
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ste
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n
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o
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Ap
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g
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M
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me
n
t
(
IJ
AIE
M
)
IS
S
N 2
3
1
9
-
4
8
4
7
[4
]
Ra
sh
id
A
.
F
a
y
a
d
h
,
M
o
h
d
F
a
re
q
A
.
M
a
lek
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Hilal
A
.
F
a
d
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il
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F
w
e
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Ho
o
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e
e
,
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lan
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in
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EL
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v
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1
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n
o
.
2
,
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n
e
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
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4
1
9
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4
2
8
[5
]
C.
A
.
Ba
lan
is,
“
A
n
ten
n
a
T
h
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ry
t
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e
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sig
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2
0
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p
p
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8
1
6
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0
[6
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S
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n
i
ta
Ra
n
i,
Er.
De
v
e
n
d
e
r
S
in
g
h
,
Krish
a
n
S
h
e
rd
ia
,
“
UW
B
Circu
lar
M
icro
strip
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a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
sim
u
latio
n
&
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s
A
n
a
l
y
sis
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,
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
J
o
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l
o
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Ad
v
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n
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e
d
Res
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a
rc
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ter
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mm
u
n
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En
g
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n
e
e
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v
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l.
3
,
no.
7
,
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ly
2
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[7
]
M
.
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o
h
e
sta
n
i
,
M
.
G
o
lp
o
u
r
,
“
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p
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M
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stri
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P
a
tc
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n
ten
n
a
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ra
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s
f
o
r
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id
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Ba
n
d
A
p
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ti
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n
s
”
,
IET
M
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wa
v
e
s,
An
ten
n
a
s &
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p
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g
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ti
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n
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
9
3
8
-
9
4
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
S
.
A
sh
o
k
Ku
m
a
r,
T
.
S
h
a
n
m
u
g
a
n
a
n
th
a
m
,
“
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m
p
lan
tab
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CP
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F
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d
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-
S
h
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p
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A
n
ten
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a
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o
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M
Ba
n
d
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9
7
8
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1
-
4
6
7
3
-
5
9
5
2
-
8
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3
/
IEE
E
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
X
.
T
a
n
g
,
H.W
o
n
g
,
Y.
L
o
n
g
,
Q.
X
u
e
,
K.
L
.
L
a
u
,
“
Circu
larly
P
o
lar
ize
d
S
h
o
rted
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
o
n
H
ig
h
P
e
rm
i
tt
iv
it
y
S
u
b
stra
te w
it
h
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
”
,
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E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
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An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
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o
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0
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o
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3
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p
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1
5
8
8
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5
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2
.
[1
0
]
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F
e
i
,
Y.
-
C.
Jia
o
,
Y.
Din
g
,
F.
-
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
c
Co
p
lan
a
r
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a
v
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g
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id
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e
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id
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p
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lo
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a
n
d
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ten
n
a
”
,
Pro
g
re
ss
In
El
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c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
L
e
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rs
, v
o
l.
2
5
,
p
p
.
7
7
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8
5
,
2
0
1
1
[1
1
]
Ch
a
ir,
R.
,
A
.
A
.
Kish
k
,
K.
F
.
L
e
e
,
C.
E.
S
m
it
h
,
“
M
ic
r
o
strip
L
in
e
a
n
d
C
P
W
f
e
d
Ultra
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id
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b
a
n
d
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l
o
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n
ten
n
a
s
w
it
h
U
-
sh
a
p
e
d
T
u
n
i
n
g
stu
b
a
n
d
Re
f
lec
to
r
”
,
Pro
g
re
ss
In
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
PIE
R
5
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
-
1
8
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
2
]
W
a
n
No
o
r
Na
jw
a
W
a
n
M
a
rz
u
d
i
,
Z
u
h
a
iri
a
h
Zain
a
l
A
b
id
in
,
“
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
G
-
S
h
a
p
e
d
S
lo
t
ted
P
r
in
ted
M
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
W
LAN
a
n
d
W
iM
AX
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
[1
3
]
Y.
S
u
n
g
,
“
T
rip
le
Ba
n
d
-
No
tch
e
d
UW
B
P
lan
a
r
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
Us
in
g
a
M
o
d
if
ied
H
-
S
h
a
p
e
d
Re
so
n
a
to
r
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
Ha
ss
a
n
M
.
El
k
a
m
c
h
o
u
c
h
i,
Ra
te
b
a
A
.
S
a
le
m
,
“
M
icro
strip
P
a
tc
h
A
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
Do
u
b
le
I
S
lo
tf
o
r
W
id
e
Ba
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
L
.
H.
W
e
n
g
,
Y.
C.
G
u
o
,
X
.
W
.
S
h
i,
X.
Q.
Ch
e
n
,
“
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.