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J
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n f
o
r OFDM w
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co
mm
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ra
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H
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H
a
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lili
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Sa
m
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a
m
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Abdelh
a
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el
m
a
le
k
S
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a
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De
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Ba
k
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v
1
5
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2
0
1
9
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
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isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
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)
is
a
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m
o
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m
u
lt
i
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c
a
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ra
n
s
m
issio
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h
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e
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ici
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n
c
y
.
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w
e
v
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r,
in
im
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u
lsiv
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ise
e
n
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iro
n
e
m
e
n
t
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ER
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e
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a
n
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e
s
o
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ll
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e
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n
e
d
f
o
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a
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a
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ise
m
o
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l,
a
re
m
u
c
h
d
e
g
ra
d
e
d
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
n
e
w
s
y
m
m
e
t
ric
-
a
lp
h
a
-
sta
b
le
(S
α
S
)
n
o
ise
s
u
p
p
re
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io
n
tec
h
n
iq
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e
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
j
o
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n
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on
a
d
a
p
ti
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e
m
o
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u
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n
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c
o
n
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
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l
c
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d
in
g
(A
M
C)
a
n
d
Re
c
u
r
siv
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L
e
a
st
S
q
u
a
re
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S
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f
il
terin
g
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re
se
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ted
.
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h
e
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ro
p
o
se
d
sc
h
e
m
e
is
a
p
p
li
e
d
o
n
OFDM
sy
ste
m
in
Ra
y
l
e
i
g
h
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l.
T
h
e
tra
n
sm
issio
n
s
a
re
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
ig
it
a
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
(
BP
S
K,
Q
P
S
K,
1
6
-
QA
M
,
6
4
-
QA
M
)
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
o
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ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
d
e
ra
tes
(1
/
2
,
2
/3
,
3
/4
)
.
S
im
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
o
u
r
p
ro
p
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d
h
y
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rid
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h
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i
q
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e
p
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o
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id
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e
c
ti
v
e
i
m
p
u
lsiv
e
n
o
ise
c
a
n
c
e
latio
n
in
OFDM
sy
st
e
m
a
n
d
e
x
h
ib
it
s
b
e
tt
e
r
BER
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
E
R
I
m
p
u
l
s
iv
e
n
o
is
e
OFDM
R
L
S
S
α
S
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
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e
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rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
He
y
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m
Ha
m
lili
,
ST
I
C
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ab
o
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y
,
D
ep
ar
t
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e
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f
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m
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icatio
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A
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n
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1
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0
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A
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m
ail:
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m
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lili
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s
t
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d
en
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tle
m
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n
.
d
z
1.
I
NT
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D
UCT
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al
m
eth
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tr
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t
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o
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a
s
Gau
s
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ia
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w
h
ite
n
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is
e
A
W
GN
in
w
h
ic
h
its
s
tat
is
tica
l
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
ar
e
p
r
ed
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in
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
is
n
o
t
th
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ca
s
e
p
r
ac
ticall
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-
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
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s
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v
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at
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e,
w
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all
y
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s
tatio
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y
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it
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a
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p
le
x
f
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eq
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e
n
c
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av
io
r
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e
f
i
n
d
t
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k
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d
o
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n
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n
d
er
w
a
t
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co
m
m
u
n
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n
s
[
1
]
,
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
m
m
u
n
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s
,
L
P
C
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
[
2
]
an
d
telem
ed
icin
e
[
3
]
etc.
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
m
o
d
els
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
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o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
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im
u
lat
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i
m
p
u
l
s
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v
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n
o
is
e
M
id
d
leto
n
class
A
[
4
]
,
B
er
n
o
u
lli
Gau
s
s
ian
[
5
]
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
r
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
alp
h
a
-
s
tab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
S
α
S)
[
6
]
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
α
-
s
tab
le
n
o
is
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
th
e
Or
th
o
g
o
n
al
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Di
v
i
s
io
n
Mu
lt
ip
lex
in
g
OF
DM
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
aj
o
r
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
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as
i
tis
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
b
ein
g
ad
o
p
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ed
as
a
p
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ic
al
-
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y
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m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
in
late
s
t
an
d
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
.
OFD
M
h
as
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
W
i
-
Fi
ar
en
a
[
7
]
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
lik
e
8
0
2
.
1
1
a,
8
0
2
.
1
1
n
,
8
0
2
.
1
1
ac
an
d
m
o
r
e.
I
t
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
t
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ce
llu
lar
telec
o
m
m
u
n
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n
s
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
L
T
E
/
L
T
E
-
A
,
W
iMA
X
[
8
]
a
n
d
m
an
y
m
o
r
e.
Ma
n
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
an
OFDM
f
a
m
il
y
is
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
5
G
lik
e
W
-
OFDM
[
9
]
,
G
-
DFT
-
s
-
OF
DM
[
1
0
]
,
W
R
-
OFDM
[
1
1
]
an
d
F
-
O
FDM
[
1
2
]
.
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
co
r
r
u
p
ted
b
y
a
n
i
m
p
u
l
s
i
v
e
n
o
is
e
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
o
r
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l
e
f
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
an
d
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
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tr
a
n
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m
i
s
s
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o
n
is
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ce
d
d
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m
p
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l
s
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v
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’
s
b
r
o
ad
f
r
eq
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en
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y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
No
w
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y
s
,
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
r
n
o
f
th
i
s
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ar
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to
in
v
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s
ti
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a
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e
w
m
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o
d
to
m
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t
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s
p
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f
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f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
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p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
0
0
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2010
2004
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate.
Var
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
to
e
li
m
i
n
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t
h
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i
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p
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n
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s
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t
h
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m
ed
ia
n
f
ilter
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
s
ig
n
al
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
W
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
b
ase
d
lo
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ar
ith
m
ic
s
h
r
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n
k
a
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tec
h
n
iq
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e
is
u
s
ed
i
n
[
1
4
]
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
th
e
i
m
p
u
ls
i
v
e
n
o
is
e
o
f
co
r
r
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p
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m
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s
.
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ap
tiv
e
f
i
lter
s
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av
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n
u
s
ed
s
u
cc
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s
f
u
l
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m
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e.
A
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ased
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L
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s
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M
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Sq
u
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ith
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(
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f
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i
n
g
is
p
r
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p
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b
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Kh
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[
1
5
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to
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ter
-
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ar
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ter
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.
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in
[
1
6
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to
r
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C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
c
h
an
n
el.
A
li
n
a
Mir
za
et
al.
in
[
1
7
]
u
s
ed
th
e
State
Sp
ac
e
R
ec
u
r
s
iv
e
L
ea
s
t
Sq
u
ar
e
(
SS
R
L
S)
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
i
m
p
u
l
s
i
v
e
n
o
is
e
i
n
th
e
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
Sri
n
u
P
y
la
et
al.
[
1
8
]
an
al
y
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ilter
c
h
a
n
n
el
esti
m
ated
MI
M
O
OFDM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
til
l
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
y
m
in
i
m
iz
in
g
(
S
α
S)
i
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e
in
R
a
y
lei
g
h
Fad
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
el,
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
R
L
S
f
ilter
s
a
n
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
a
l
co
d
in
g
(
A
M
C
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFDM
s
u
b
-
c
h
an
n
els.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
es
i
m
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
m
o
d
el
,
w
h
er
e
p
r
ec
esil
y
(
S
α
S)
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
g
eo
m
e
tr
ic
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
-
r
atio
n
(
GS
NR
)
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Sectio
n
3
b
r
ief
l
y
ex
p
lain
t
h
e
ad
o
p
ted
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
Sectio
n
4
d
es
cr
ib
es
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
i
m
u
lp
s
iv
e
n
o
i
s
e
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
,
b
ased
co
n
j
o
in
tl
y
o
n
ad
ap
tativ
e
R
L
S
f
ilter
an
d
A
M
C
tech
n
iq
u
e.
S
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
S
ec
tio
n
6
co
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
I
M
P
UL
SI
VE
NO
I
S
E
M
O
D
E
L
2
.
1
.
Sα
S
d
is
t
rib
utio
n
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
as
p
o
in
ted
b
ef
o
r
e
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
α
-
s
tab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
o
d
el
[
1
9
,
2
0
]
.
A
r
ea
l
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
X
f
o
llo
w
s
a
la
w
α
-
s
ta
b
le
if
an
d
o
n
l
y
if
i
ts
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
d
escr
ib
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
Ψ
α
(
t
)
=
e
xp
{
−
γ
α
|
t
|
α
[
1
+
i
β
s
ign
(
t
)
ω
(
t
,
α
)
]
+
i
δ
t
}
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
ω
(
t
,
α
)
=
{
−
ta
n
(
π
α
2
)
si
α
≠
1
2
π
ln
|
t
|
si
α
=
1
(
2
)
An
d
s
ign
(
t
)
=
{
1
si
t
>
0
0
si
t
=
0
−
1
si
t
<
0
(
3
)
An
α
-
s
tab
le
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
s
c
o
m
p
lete
l
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
f
o
u
r
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
le
1
an
d
it
ca
n
b
e
d
en
o
ted
X
~
S
α
(
β
,
γ
,
δ
)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
f
o
r
s
tab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
y
mb
o
l
V
a
l
u
e
s
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
∈
]
0
,
2
]
S
c
a
l
e
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
>
0
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
∈
]
−
∞
,
+
∞
[
T
h
e
s
y
mm
e
t
r
y
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
∈
[
−
1
,
1
]
A
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
is
s
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
α
-
s
tab
le
(
Sα
S)
if
β
an
d
γ
ar
e
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
[
21
]
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
v
ar
ia
b
le
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
X
~
S
α
(
0
,
0
,
δ
)
if
:
=2
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
a
Gau
s
s
ia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
P
r
o
b
ab
i
lit
y
Den
s
it
y
Fu
n
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
:
(
)
=
1
√
4
2
e
xp
(
−
2
2
2
)
(
4
)
α
=1
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
C
a
u
ch
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
P
DF is d
ef
i
n
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
(
2
+
2
)
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
SαS
n
o
is
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
fo
r
OF
DM wi
r
eles
s
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
i
n
r
a
yleig
h
t c
h
a
n
n
el
(
Hey
em
Ha
mlili
)
2005
α
=
½
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
L
o
w
o
f
L
év
y
a
n
d
th
e
P
DF is p
r
esen
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
√
2
1
(
−
)
3
2
e
xp
(
−
2
(
−
)
)
,
<
<
∞
(
6
)
Fo
r
th
e
o
th
er
ca
s
es
w
e
ca
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
P
DF
o
f
a
s
tab
le
la
w
b
y
th
e
i
n
v
er
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
al
i
s
w
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
1
2
∫
−
∞
−
∞
Ψ
(
)
(
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
P
DFs
o
f
th
e
Sα
S
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
alu
e
s
o
f
α
w
h
ile
t
h
e
o
th
er
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ar
e
k
ep
t
f
ix
ed
at
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sα
S d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t v
al
u
es o
f
α
2
.
2
.
G
SN
R
Fo
r
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
i
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
i
s
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
B
E
R
cu
r
v
e
i
s
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
all
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
GSNR
g
eo
m
etr
ic
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Go
n
za
le
z
in
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
GSNR
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as:
=
1
2
.
(
0
)
2
(
8
)
W
h
er
e:
S
0
is
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
p
o
w
er
o
f
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
α
-
s
tab
le
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
0
=
0
(
)
=
2
(
|
|
)
(
9
)
C
g
is
th
e
e
x
p
o
n
en
t
ial
o
f
t
h
e
E
u
ler
co
n
s
tan
t
=
=
1
.
7811
A
i
s
th
e
p
ea
k
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
al
3.
O
F
DM
SYST
E
M
Or
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
is
a
m
u
l
ti
-
ca
r
r
i
er
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
wh
ich
h
i
g
h
-
r
ate
s
tr
ea
m
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
lo
w
-
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
s
tr
ea
m
s
i
n
p
a
r
allel
an
d
m
o
d
u
la
ted
s
ep
ar
ate
l
y
o
n
m
a
n
y
clo
s
el
y
s
p
ac
ed
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
ted
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
ta
il
b
itin
g
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
co
d
es
(
C
C
)
w
h
o
s
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
len
g
th
is
7
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itte
r
s
id
e
an
d
a
n
R
L
S
ad
ap
ti
v
e
f
ilter
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
ia
g
r
a
m
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
an
d
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
s
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
0
0
3
-
2010
2006
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
T
ab
le
2
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
et
o
f
O
FD
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
m
u
latio
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
Q
P
S
K
,
M
-
Q
A
M
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
su
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
16
S
i
z
e
o
f
c
y
c
l
i
c
p
r
e
f
i
x
1
2
8
FFT
-
l
e
n
g
t
h
5
1
2
BW
2
G
H
Z
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
mo
d
e
l
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
H
YB
RID T
E
C
H
NIQ
U
E
F
O
R
S
α
S
NO
I
S
E
SUPP
RE
S
SI
O
N
Ou
r
s
o
l
u
tio
n
is
to
eq
u
al
ize
t
h
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
S
α
S
c
h
an
n
el
b
y
R
L
S
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
il
ter
in
g
a
n
d
eli
m
i
n
ate
r
esid
u
al
n
o
i
s
e
in
O
FDM
s
u
b
-
c
h
an
n
el
s
b
y
A
MC.
4
.
1
.
RL
S
a
da
ptiv
e
f
ilte
r
A
d
ap
tiv
e
f
ilter
s
ar
e
s
elf
-
d
esi
g
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
a
t
ca
n
ad
ap
t
to
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Fig
u
r
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3
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ex
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s
.
T
h
e
A
M
C
tech
n
iq
u
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w
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l
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b
e
u
s
ed
h
er
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to
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d
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m
p
r
o
v
e
B
E
R
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
SαS
n
o
is
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s
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p
p
r
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n
fo
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OF
DM wi
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s
co
mmu
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tio
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r
a
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h
t c
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el
(
Hey
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mlili
)
2007
Fig
u
r
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3
.
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lo
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d
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r
a
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n
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lla
tio
n
4
.
2
.
Ada
ptiv
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m
o
d
ula
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nd
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nv
o
lutio
nn
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g
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m
A
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Mo
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d
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v
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lu
tio
n
n
al
C
o
d
in
g
(
A
M
C
)
is
u
ti
lized
.
AM
C
tech
n
iq
u
e
allo
w
s
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
ea
c
h
O
FDM
s
u
b
-
c
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a
n
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e
ls
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co
n
s
tellatio
n
s
iz
e
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ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Data
r
ate,
in
s
tan
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s
B
E
R
,
ch
an
n
el
co
d
e/sch
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e
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d
co
n
s
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ize
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f
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.
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h
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ated
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R
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S
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ilter
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e
m
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d
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latio
n
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c
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e
(
B
P
SK,
QP
SK,
1
6
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M,
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)
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ates (
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)
ar
e
ad
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s
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
C
QI
.
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
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I
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tio
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s
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i
q
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e
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co
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d
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g
to
t
h
e
r
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o
f
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e
s
i
m
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la
tio
n
.
T
h
e
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m
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v
e
n
o
is
e
w
as
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
DF
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
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4
d
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ict
t
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is
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e
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ated
.
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h
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Fro
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lts
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Fi
g
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r
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h
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o
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u
r
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7
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r
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1
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Fig
u
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8
s
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Fig
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4
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Sα
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
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iq
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d
if
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en
t v
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u
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α
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
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n
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n
r
a
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h
t c
h
a
n
n
el
(
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em
Ha
mlili
)
2009
Fig
u
r
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8
.
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er
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ates f
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v
el
ap
p
r
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ac
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f
o
r
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
-
al
p
h
a
-
s
tab
le
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α
S)
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o
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m
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m
u
n
icatio
n
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te
m
s
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ex
p
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tec
h
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p
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m
u
ltip
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m
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n
t.
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p
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ed
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tio
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alize
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h
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
Sα
S
ch
an
n
el
b
y
R
L
S
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
il
ter
in
g
a
n
d
el
i
m
in
a
tes
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esid
u
a
l
n
o
is
e
i
n
OFDM
s
u
b
-
ch
a
n
n
els
b
y
A
M
C
.
Si
m
u
l
atio
n
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
n
o
is
e
ca
n
ce
latio
n
a
n
d
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
m
p
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o
v
e
m
e
n
t e
v
e
n
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
i
m
p
u
l
s
i
v
e
n
o
is
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ba
ra
z
id
e
h
.
R.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
Im
p
u
lsiv
e
n
o
ise
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
in
u
n
d
e
rw
a
ter
a
c
o
u
stic
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
:
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
stu
d
ie
s,
"
IEE
E
9
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
a
n
d
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
CC
W
C)
,
Ja
n
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
Am
e
l
Be
n
a
issa
,.
A
b
d
e
lma
lek
.
A
.,
F
e
h
a
m
M
.
,
"
Imp
ro
v
e
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
p
o
we
r
li
n
e
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o
mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
a
l
p
h
a
-
sta
b
le
n
o
ise
,
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5
t
h
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
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rin
g
-
Bo
u
m
e
rd
e
s (ICE
E
-
B),
Oc
t
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
Re
z
a
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
b
a
y
e
sia
n
f
il
terin
g
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
e
c
g
d
e
n
o
isin
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Bi
o
me
d
ic
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
2
-
2
1
8
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
D.
M
id
d
let
o
n
,
"
No
n
-
g
a
u
ss
ian
n
o
i
se
m
o
d
e
ls
in
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
fo
r
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s:
N
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
re
su
lt
s
f
o
r
c
las
s a
a
n
d
c
las
s b
n
o
ise
m
o
d
e
ls,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
pp.
1
1
2
9
-
1
1
4
9
,
1
9
9
9
.
[5
]
S.
P.
He
ra
th
,
"
On
o
p
ti
m
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
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mit
o
f
b
e
rn
o
u
ll
i
-
g
a
u
ss
ia
n
imp
u
lsive
n
o
ise
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls,
"
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s (ICC
)
,
p
p
.
3
4
2
9
-
3
4
3
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
M.
S
h
a
o
a
n
d
C.
L.
Nik
ias
,
"
S
ig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
w
it
h
f
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
lo
w
e
r
o
rd
e
r
m
o
m
e
n
ts:
sta
b
le
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
IEE
E
,
v
o
l.
8
1
,
pp.
9
8
6
-
1
0
1
0
,
1
9
9
3
.
[7
]
Je
a
n
-
F
ra
n
ç
o
is
Bo
u
sq
u
e
t
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
n
ten
n
a
a
rra
y
d
e
sig
n
s
f
o
r
OFDM
W
LA
N
in
d
o
o
r
tran
sm
issio
n
,
"
W
ire
les
s
Per
s
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
p
p
.
7
7
9
-
7
8
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
Hw
a
n
g
T
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
OFDM
a
n
d
it
s
w
irele
ss
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
a
su
rv
e
y
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
ic
u
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
pp.
1
6
7
3
-
1
6
9
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
Ch
a
n
g
y
o
u
n
g
A
n
a
n
d
He
u
n
g
-
Gy
o
o
n
Ry
u
.
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
W
-
OFDM
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
HP
A
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
W
ire
les
s P
e
r
s Co
mm
u
n
,
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
o
n
l
in
e
:
A
u
g
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
G
.
Be
r
a
rd
in
e
ll
i.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
G
e
n
e
r
a
li
z
e
d
DFT
-
sp
re
a
d
-
OFDM
a
s
5
G
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
,
"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
pp.
99
-
1
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
C.
An
,
B.
Kim
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
sp
e
c
tru
m
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
W
R
-
OFDM
sy
ste
m
fo
r
5
G
a
n
d
B
5
G
mo
b
il
e
sy
ste
m,
"
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
icro
w
a
v
e
s,
A
n
te
n
n
a
s,
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
S
y
ste
m
s
COMCA
S
,
pp.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
X.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
il
tere
d
-
OFD
M
e
n
a
b
ler
f
o
r
f
lex
ib
le
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
in
th
e
5
t
h
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
"
IEE
E
Glo
b
e
c
o
m
,
S
a
n
Die
g
o
,
CA
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
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t J
E
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&
C
o
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
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0
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-
2010
2010
[1
3
]
S
.
V
.
V
a
se
g
h
i
,
"
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
d
ig
it
a
l
sig
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
"
3
5
5
,
4
t
h
e
d
.
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
a
n
d
S
o
n
s
L
td
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
4
]
Ha
y
a
t
Ullah
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
W
a
v
e
let
b
a
se
d
d
e
-
n
o
isin
g
u
si
n
g
lo
g
a
rit
h
m
ic
sh
rin
k
a
g
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
,
"
W
ire
les
s
Per
s
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l.
9
8
,
pp.
1
4
7
3
1
4
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
Kh
e
d
k
a
r
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
T
ra
in
e
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
fi
lt
e
r
b
a
se
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
mi
ti
g
a
te
ICI
in
OFDM
sy
ste
m
,
"
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
e
r
v
a
siv
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
pp.
1
-
4
,
P
u
n
e
,
I
n
d
ia,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
S.
M
a
th
e
w
a
n
d
P
.
M
u
r
u
k
a
n
,
"
P
e
rio
d
ic
im
p
u
lsiv
e
n
o
ise
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
OFDM
b
a
se
d
p
o
w
e
r
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3,
p
p
.
5
1
7
-
5
2
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
A
li
n
a
M
irza
,
et
a
l.
,
"
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
im
p
u
lsiv
e
n
o
ise
in
OFDM
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
W
o
rld
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
,
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
,
El
e
c
trica
l
,
Au
t
o
ma
t
io
n
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
S
rin
u
P
y
la,
K
.
P
a
d
m
a
Ra
ju
,
N
.
Ba
la
S
u
b
ra
h
m
a
n
y
a
m
,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
f
il
ter
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
stim
a
ted
M
IM
O
OFDM
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
3
8
2
9
-
3
8
3
8
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
M.
A
.
Ch
it
re
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
O
p
ti
m
a
l
a
n
d
n
e
a
r
-
o
p
ti
m
a
l
sig
n
a
l
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
in
sn
a
p
p
in
g
sh
rim
p
d
o
m
in
a
ted
a
m
b
ien
t
n
o
ise
,
"
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
lo
f
Oc
e
a
n
ic E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
pp.
4
9
7
-
5
0
3
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
0
]
Jo
h
n
P
.
N
o
lan
.
,
"
S
ta
b
le
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
s:
mo
d
e
ls f
o
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