I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
9
8
4
~
3
9
90
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
8
i
5
.
p
p
3
9
8
4
-
39
90
3984
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Co
g
nitive Archi
te
cture to
A
na
ly
z
e
t
he
E
ff
ect
of
Int
ri
nsic
M
o
tiva
tion
w
ith
M
etaco
g
nition
o
v
er
E
x
trinsic
M
o
tiva
tion o
n Sw
a
r
m
Ag
ents
Ash
w
ini
K
o
dip
a
lli
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
G
lo
b
a
l
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
28
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
Mar
23
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
l
5
,
2
0
1
8
T
h
is
re
s
e
a
rc
h
w
o
rk
d
e
sc
rib
e
s
th
e
se
tu
p
o
f
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
t
e
stin
g
th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
in
tri
n
sic
a
ll
y
m
o
ti
v
a
ted
s
wa
r
m
a
g
e
n
ts
o
v
e
r
e
x
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
is
tes
ted
th
ro
u
g
h
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
d
e
m
o
n
stra
tes
th
a
t
a
g
e
n
ts
w
it
h
in
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
sp
e
c
i
f
ic
g
o
a
l
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
b
il
it
y
.
It
a
lso
s
h
o
w
s
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
w
it
h
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
b
il
it
y
is
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
g
ro
u
p
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
w
it
h
e
x
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
e
x
h
ib
it
in
g
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
b
il
it
y
.
G
o
a
l
se
tt
in
g
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
is
a
p
p
li
e
d
t
o
th
e
g
ro
u
p
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
in
o
rd
e
r
to
a
n
a
ly
se
th
e
in
tell
ig
e
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
a
g
e
n
ts.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
is
m
a
in
ly
f
o
c
u
sin
g
o
n
w
h
y
a
n
d
h
o
w
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
y
s
w
a
r
m
a
g
e
n
ts
is
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls.
T
h
is
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
re
q
u
ires
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
m
b
ien
t
tes
tb
e
d
w
h
e
re
sw
a
r
m
a
g
e
n
ts
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
c
ti
o
n
s
to
m
e
ta
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
c
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
is
a
im
in
g
to
p
ro
v
e
th
a
t
g
ro
u
p
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
b
y
s
wa
r
m
a
g
e
n
ts
is
h
ig
h
e
r
d
u
e
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
c
h
o
se
n
w
it
h
in
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
th
u
s p
r
o
v
e
s in
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
is
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
e
x
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
.
A
g
e
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
i
n
a
g
ro
u
p
c
a
n
b
e
a
n
a
l
y
se
d
u
sin
g
d
if
fe
re
n
t
m
e
tri
c
s
li
k
e
r
e
so
u
rc
e
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
,
li
f
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
,
lev
e
l
o
f
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tas
k
a
ss
ig
n
e
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
Ag
e
n
ts
C
o
g
n
iti
v
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
Me
taco
g
n
i
tio
n
S
w
ar
m
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ash
w
i
n
i K
o
d
ip
alli
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
an
d
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Glo
b
al
A
ca
d
e
m
y
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
an
g
alo
r
e
,
I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail:
as
h
w
i
n
i.
k
o
d
ip
alli@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Mo
tiv
atio
n
is
a
f
o
r
ce
s
ac
t
in
g
in
ter
n
a
ll
y
o
r
ex
ter
n
a
ll
y
o
n
o
r
w
ith
in
a
p
er
s
o
n
t
h
at
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
g
o
al
o
r
ien
ted
o
r
p
u
t
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
e
f
f
o
r
ts
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
g
o
al.
Mo
tiv
atio
n
i
s
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
to
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
in
th
e
w
o
r
k
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
R
ich
ar
d
M
R
y
a
n
,
E
d
w
ar
d
L
Dec
i
[
1
]
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
:
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
an
d
E
x
tr
i
n
s
ic.
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
t
h
e
s
el
f
-
d
esire
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
,
to
an
al
y
ze
o
n
e
’
s
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
t
o
o
b
s
er
v
e
an
d
g
ai
n
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
Mo
ti
v
ati
o
n
th
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
in
ter
n
al
f
a
cto
r
s
is
ca
lled
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
a
tio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
De
v
[
2
]
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
r
io
s
i
t
y
,
d
esire
to
en
g
a
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ak
e
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
leti
n
g
th
e
tas
k
,
d
esir
e
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
eg
i
n
a
M
Sh
ia
[
3
]
p
eo
p
le
w
i
th
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
h
as
g
o
al
to
lear
n
an
d
g
o
al
to
ac
h
iev
e.
I
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
in
g
s
o
m
eth
in
g
o
r
th
e
d
esire
to
d
o
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
is
f
ee
li
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
n
ter
n
al
l
y
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
in
te
r
est
o
r
en
j
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ta
s
k
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
d
esire
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
war
d
.
Mo
tiv
atio
n
t
h
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
is
ca
lled
ex
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
t
iv
at
io
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Ho
y
en
g
a
an
d
Ho
y
e
n
g
a
[
4
]
,
ex
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
r
e
f
er
s
to
m
o
tiv
a
te
th
a
t
ar
e
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
an
d
s
ep
ar
ate
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
t
h
e
y
ca
u
s
e.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
m
ain
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
atta
in
a
d
esire
d
o
u
tco
m
e.
E
x
tr
in
s
ic
is
w
a
n
ted
to
g
et
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
r
es
u
lt o
r
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e.
E
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
e
y
.
Dec
i s
tated
th
at
m
o
n
e
y
w
h
ic
h
is
a
n
ex
ter
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
g
n
itive
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
to
A
n
a
lyze th
e
E
ffect
o
f I
n
tr
in
s
ic
Mo
tiva
t
io
n
w
ith
..
.
(
A
s
h
w
in
i Ko
d
ip
a
lli)
3985
fa
cto
r
h
as
a
n
eg
at
iv
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
.
He
also
to
ld
th
at
if
a
p
er
s
o
n
d
o
es
task
b
ase
d
o
n
th
ese
ex
ter
n
a
l
f
ac
to
r
s
,
h
e
w
ill
b
e
le
s
s
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
tas
k
.
I
f
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
is
n
o
t
e
x
ter
n
al
l
y
m
o
ti
v
at
ed
,
h
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
i
n
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
w
i
ll b
e
in
tr
i
n
s
icall
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
.
E
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
l
ik
e
m
o
n
e
y
r
ed
u
ce
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
2.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE AN
D
M
O
T
I
VA
T
I
O
N
R
E
L
AT
I
O
NSH
I
P
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
ar
e
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
.
First
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
ac
t
as
an
i
n
ter
n
a
l
d
r
iv
e
f
o
r
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
t
h
e
g
o
al.
T
h
e
y
ca
n
b
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
p
eo
p
le
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
ta
s
k
,
th
e
y
w
ill
h
a
v
e
a
s
ati
s
f
ac
t
io
n
a
f
ter
co
m
p
leti
n
g
t
h
eir
tas
k
.
So
m
e
p
eo
p
le
g
e
t
m
o
tiv
a
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
v
alu
e
s
.
W
h
en
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
is
ex
ter
n
all
y
m
o
t
iv
ated
,
th
e
y
lo
o
k
w
h
at
th
e
y
g
et
af
ter
t
h
e
y
r
ea
c
h
t
h
eir
g
o
al.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
it
u
atio
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
w
a
y
s
lik
e
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
,
u
n
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
,
g
o
o
d
,
b
ad
,
h
ig
h
o
r
lo
w
an
d
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
task
s
.
As
p
er
th
e
m
an
a
g
er
s
i
t
is
b
ei
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
as
b
ein
g
h
i
g
h
,
a
v
er
ag
e
o
r
l
o
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
He
n
ce
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
h
a
s
to
b
e
w
ell
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
co
m
p
lete
t
h
eir
tas
k
at
h
i
g
h
lev
el
s
.
T
h
e
m
an
a
g
er
s
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
w
h
en
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
ar
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
,
th
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
h
i
g
h
le
v
el.
A
ls
o
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
ar
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
eir
j
o
b
,
th
ey
ten
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
h
a
s
t
h
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
j
o
b
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
y
te
n
d
to
g
e
t
co
m
m
itted
to
t
h
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
t
h
er
p
eo
p
le
in
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
Hen
ce
t
h
e
m
o
tiv
a
te
d
p
er
s
o
n
b
ec
o
m
es
b
en
ef
icia
l
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
Var
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
r
elate
b
o
th
th
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
to
s
ee
,
w
h
at
m
o
tiv
a
tes
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
at
h
ig
h
le
v
el.
A
p
ar
tic
u
lar
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
f
i
x
s
alar
y
p
a
y
v
er
s
es
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
m
o
tiv
ated
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
b
y
C
ad
s
b
y
,
So
n
g
an
d
T
ap
o
n
in
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
0
7
.
T
h
e
p
ay
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
w
as
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
f
ix
ed
p
a
y
w
a
s
n
o
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
e
ig
h
t
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
w
er
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
tici
p
an
t
w
as
g
iv
e
n
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
task
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
as
s
i
g
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
p
a
y
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
s
alar
y
.
T
h
e
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
g
i
v
e
n
an
o
p
tio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e,
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
w
er
e
p
aid
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e,
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
w
as
h
i
g
h
w
h
en
it
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
f
i
x
ed
p
ay
.
W
it
h
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
c
le
ar
th
at
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
w
er
e
p
aid
m
o
r
e
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
5
]
.
C
lase
n
,
Sil
v
a
-
J
alo
n
en
&
B
u
tl
er
[
6
]
co
n
d
u
cted
an
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t,
w
h
er
e
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
o
f
r
e
w
ar
d
s
h
as
a
n
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
er
e
as
k
ed
to
d
iv
id
e
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
m
t
h
at
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
eir
w
o
r
k
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
w
a
s
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
th
at,
w
h
e
n
a
n
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
w
er
e
to
ld
t
h
at
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
w
i
ll
b
e
g
i
v
en
to
t
h
eir
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
n
th
e
y
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
e
tas
k
in
a
b
etter
w
a
y
.
He
n
ce
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
w
ill
b
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
k
n
o
w
th
at
th
er
e
tas
k
w
i
ll
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
g
iv
e
n
,
t
h
e
y
ar
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
t
iv
a
ted
an
d
t
h
e
y
ten
d
s
to
g
iv
e
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Hen
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
t
w
o
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
r
elate
d
[
6
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
5
,
W
eg
g
e
an
d
Hasla
m
co
n
d
u
cted
an
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
ld
to
d
o
th
eir
b
est.
A
ll
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
f
i
n
is
h
ed
t
h
eir
tas
k
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
w
er
e
w
ell
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
th
i
s
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
I
t
w
a
s
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
a
t
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
as
h
ig
h
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
h
ad
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
as
h
ig
h
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
er
e
th
e
y
w
er
e
to
ld
to
d
o
y
o
u
r
b
est.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
g
o
al
s
etti
n
g
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
m
o
t
iv
ates
th
e
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
g
o
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
m
o
r
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
h
as a
w
ell
d
esire
d
g
o
al
s
etti
n
g
[
7
]
.
I
n
1
9
9
8
,
Veg
t
an
d
Vl
ier
t
co
n
d
u
cted
a
test
th
at
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
t
i
n
w
o
r
k
tea
m
an
d
h
o
w
i
t
af
f
ec
ted
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
m
o
tiv
a
t
io
n
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
ask
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
t
is
w
h
e
n
o
n
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
ta
s
k
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
co
m
e
o
f
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
is
,
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
s
b
elie
v
es
th
at
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
a
tas
k
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
o
al
attain
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
i
s
th
e
r
es
u
lt
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
w
as
m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
o
f
th
eir
w
o
r
k
m
o
r
e
as
w
el
l
as
tea
m
m
e
m
b
er
w
o
r
k
o
v
er
a
ll
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
w
a
s
h
i
g
h
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
w
e
r
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le.
A
l
s
o
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
ar
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
h
ad
a
g
o
al,
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
h
i
g
h
.
I
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
il
l
b
e
h
ig
h
w
h
en
th
e
y
h
av
e
g
o
al
an
d
also
i
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
g
o
al
th
e
y
w
i
ll
b
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
wo
r
k
an
d
h
en
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
P
e
o
p
le
ar
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
th
a
n
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
ta
s
k
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
a
y
s
th
at
t
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
le
v
el
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
d
o
in
g
t
h
eir
tas
k
a
n
d
th
e
ir
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
le
v
el.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
ll
b
e
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ta
s
k
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
398
4
–
39
90
3986
3.
NE
W
L
Y
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SAC
A
(
SWARM
A
M
B
I
E
NT
CO
G
NI
T
I
VE
AR
CH
I
T
E
C
T
UR
E
)
S
A
C
A
i
s
a
3
-
co
lu
m
n
an
d
f
o
u
r
la
y
er
e
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
ag
e
n
t
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
o
al
w
ill
al
w
a
y
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
an
th
e
a
g
e
n
ts
w
ith
ex
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
.
An
d
als
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
il
l
b
e
b
etter
if
a
g
r
o
u
p
h
as
ag
en
t
s
w
it
h
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
is
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
b
y
S
MC
A
[
9
]
,
E
M
-
On
e
[1
0
]
an
d
C
R
I
B
B
[
11
]
.
T
h
e
la
y
er
s
o
f
th
i
s
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ag
e
n
t
s
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t le
v
el
o
f
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
lev
el
o
f
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
SAC
A
a
r
ch
i
tectu
r
e
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
w
ar
m
a
g
en
t
s
ar
e
r
ef
le
x
i
v
e,
r
ea
cti
v
e
a
n
d
d
elib
er
ativ
e.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
le
v
el
at
t
h
e
l
o
w
er
s
id
e
ex
h
ib
it
s
s
i
m
p
le
r
ef
le
x
es
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
v
in
g
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
o
f
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
o
u
t
an
y
g
o
al
o
r
ien
ted
;
av
o
id
h
itt
in
g
t
h
e
w
all
an
d
o
t
h
er
ag
en
t
s
.
He
n
ce
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
g
o
al.
A
t
th
e
u
p
p
er
lev
el
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
ea
cti
v
e
to
th
e
g
o
al
f
o
r
th
e
r
ew
ar
d
.
R
e
w
ar
d
d
ef
in
ed
h
er
e
is
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
to
th
e
j
ew
e
l
p
o
in
t.
Sin
ce
it
i
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
g
o
al
o
r
ien
te
d
f
o
r
r
e
w
ar
d
,
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
ex
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
i
n
th
i
s
a
g
e
n
t.
A
t
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
le
v
el
is
B
DI
(
B
elief
,
Desire
an
d
I
n
ten
s
io
n
)
la
y
er
w
h
ic
h
b
u
il
d
s
a
d
esire
,
in
ten
s
io
n
s
et
f
o
r
ag
e
n
t
d
r
iv
es
t
h
e
ag
e
n
t.
T
h
is
ag
en
t
w
o
r
k
s
at
m
e
taco
g
n
iti
v
e
s
tr
ate
g
ies.
T
h
is
ag
e
n
t
c
an
s
e
n
s
e
its
i
n
ter
n
al
s
tate
b
ef
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
task
a
n
d
ac
t a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
in
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
ag
e
n
t
h
as i
n
tr
in
s
ic
le
v
el
o
f
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
.
At
th
e
t
h
ir
d
lev
el
t
h
e
h
ig
h
l
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
ag
e
n
ts
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
i
th
ea
ch
o
th
er
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
ta
s
k
f
aster
.
At
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
le
v
el
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ta
k
es p
lace
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
-
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
C
ST
(
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
iv
e
S
k
il
l T
r
ee
)
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
a
m
b
ien
t
test
b
ed
is
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
u
s
in
g
SW
I
-
P
r
o
lo
g
6
.
6
.
4
.
T
h
e
Am
b
ie
n
t
te
s
tb
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
in
cl
u
d
e
co
g
n
iti
v
e
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
n
t
h
e
ar
ch
itec
t
u
r
e.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
f
o
o
d
,
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
a
n
d
ag
e
n
ts
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fo
o
d
an
d
d
iam
o
n
d
ar
e
ag
e
n
t’
s
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Ag
e
n
ts
ar
e
cr
ea
te
d
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
lo
g
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
.
A
ll
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
cr
ea
ted
i
n
t
h
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
ch
a
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
ev
er
y
n
e
w
s
tar
t
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
an
d
is
d
ef
in
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
ag
en
t
ca
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiate
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
is
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
n
ee
d
ed
is
s
elec
ted
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
lid
in
g
b
ar
,
th
e
in
i
tial
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
an
ag
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles
th
e
ag
e
n
t
h
a
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
.
Fo
o
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
n
u
tr
itio
n
f
o
r
an
ag
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
is
g
r
ee
n
s
m
all
s
q
u
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
Dia
m
o
n
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
.
C
o
llectin
g
t
h
e
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
i
s
th
e
m
ai
n
ai
m
o
f
t
h
e
ag
e
n
ts
in
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
Dia
m
o
n
d
i
s
s
m
all
w
h
ite
cir
cle
s
h
ap
ed
p
ar
am
e
ter
.
An
a
g
en
t
is
a
n
ac
to
r
.
A
n
ag
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
e
s
t
h
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
a
n
d
ac
ts
to
its
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tu
ato
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t t
h
e
ag
e
n
ts
ar
e
b
ig
cir
cle
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t c
o
lo
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
g
n
itive
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
to
A
n
a
lyze th
e
E
ffect
o
f I
n
tr
in
s
ic
Mo
tiva
t
io
n
w
ith
..
.
(
A
s
h
w
in
i Ko
d
ip
a
lli)
3987
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Am
b
ien
t te
s
tb
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
ar
m
ag
e
n
t
s
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
ag
e
n
t
s
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
d
ia
g
r
a
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
w
ar
m
ag
en
t
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
an
d
a
r
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
ag
en
t
’
s
d
atab
ase.
All
ag
en
t
s
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
a
n
d
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
p
ar
a
m
et
er
d
atab
ase.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Ag
en
ts
a
n
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
in
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
w
ar
m
ag
e
n
t
s
s
e
n
s
e
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
a
s
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
ia
m
o
n
d
i
n
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
ag
en
t
h
as
a
p
er
ce
p
tu
al
r
an
g
e
o
f
5
s
tep
s
an
d
ca
n
s
ee
all
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
at
its
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
t
h
e
ag
en
t
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
th
e
s
e
n
s
ed
d
ata
is
s
en
t
f
o
r
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
w
h
er
e
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
i
n
g
tak
e
s
p
lace
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
is
ta
k
e
n
.
T
h
e
ac
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
an
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es d
ef
in
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ag
e
n
t.
a.
R
ef
le
x
i
v
e
a
g
e
n
t
co
llect
s
d
ia
m
o
n
d
a
n
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
o
n
it
s
w
a
y
to
t
h
e
ed
g
e
s
o
r
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
b.
R
ea
cti
v
e
ag
e
n
t c
o
llects o
n
l
y
d
i
a
m
o
n
d
.
c.
Delib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t c
o
llect
s
d
iam
o
n
d
b
u
t to
m
a
n
a
g
e
its
i
n
ter
n
al
en
er
g
y
,
th
e
a
g
en
t
co
llects t
h
e
f
o
o
d
.
On
ce
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
co
lle
cted
,
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
d
atab
ase.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
ag
e
n
t
lo
s
e
s
2
u
n
its
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
.
O
n
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
to
ze
r
o
th
e
ag
e
n
t
w
i
ll
d
ie
f
r
o
m
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
r
e
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
atab
ase.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Stru
ct
u
r
al
d
iag
r
a
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
398
4
–
39
90
3988
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
S
A
C
A
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
to
ch
ec
k
h
o
w
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
a
g
en
ts
w
i
ll
b
eh
a
v
e
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
h
o
w
ag
e
n
t
s
b
eh
av
io
r
w
ill
h
a
v
e
o
n
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ag
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ca
n
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
etr
ics
l
ik
e
co
m
p
et
itio
n
,
li
f
e
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
cial
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
it
s
p
ar
am
eter
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
ag
en
t
s
,
ag
e
n
t
s
b
eh
av
io
r
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
u
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
4
.
1
.
Study
o
ne:
Co
m
pa
ring
t
he
perf
o
r
m
a
nces o
f
t
he
s
w
a
r
m
a
g
ent
s
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
a
g
e
n
ts
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
w
h
o
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
a
g
e
n
ts
ar
e
v
er
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
an
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
a
g
e
n
t.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
in
f
r
a
m
i
n
g
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
h
e
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
all
th
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
a
g
en
t
s
,
Delib
er
ativ
e
ag
en
t
s
ar
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
in
tr
in
s
icall
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
,
R
ea
ct
iv
e
a
g
e
n
t
i
s
ex
tr
i
n
s
ica
ll
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
an
d
R
ef
le
x
i
v
e
a
g
en
t
is
less
/
0
m
o
ti
v
ated
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
eli
b
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
ca
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ir
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
ai
m
s
,
s
en
s
e
th
eir
s
tate
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
eir
g
o
als.
T
h
u
s
ex
h
ib
it
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
i
n
g
an
d
in
tellig
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
Dec
is
i
o
n
m
ak
i
n
g
lev
el
i
n
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
is
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
to
f
o
o
d
w
h
e
n
it
i
s
h
u
n
g
r
y
i.e
.
wh
en
its
e
n
er
g
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
elo
w
to
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e
an
d
w
h
en
it
h
as
n
o
r
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
,
it
s
w
itc
h
e
s
to
g
o
al
(
co
llecti
o
n
o
f
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
in
telli
g
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Delib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
in
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
t
h
eir
e
n
er
g
y
lev
el
co
llectin
g
m
o
r
e
g
o
als.
C
o
g
n
itio
n
a
g
en
ts
li
k
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
a
n
d
r
ef
le
x
iv
e
a
g
e
n
ts
c
an
n
o
t
co
n
tr
o
l
th
eir
e
n
er
g
y
lev
els
an
d
s
o
m
eti
m
e
s
f
alls
to
ze
r
o
en
er
g
y
lev
el
b
e
f
o
r
e
co
m
p
leti
n
g
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
c
y
cles.
Delib
er
ate
ag
e
n
t
co
llect
ed
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
o
als t
h
en
t
h
e
co
g
n
iti
v
e
ag
e
n
t
s
.
Gr
ap
h
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
w
ar
m
ag
e
n
t
s
T
h
is
co
n
clu
d
es
t
h
at
ag
e
n
t
w
it
h
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
ag
en
t
w
i
t
h
th
e
e
x
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
t
iv
at
io
n
a
n
d
ze
r
o
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
ag
e
n
t.
I
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
i
s
b
etter
th
a
n
t
h
e
e
x
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
p
lay
s
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
in
h
u
m
a
n
’
s
li
f
e
ac
t
iv
i
ties
.
B
ef
o
r
e
lear
n
in
g
tak
e
s
p
lace
,
in
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
lear
n
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
lear
n
i
n
g
w
i
ll
b
e
o
p
ti
m
al
w
h
e
n
lear
n
er
s
w
er
e
i
n
ter
n
al
l
y
w
il
lin
g
to
b
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
o
r
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
ar
e
in
ter
e
s
ted
v
o
liti
o
n
a
l
[
12
]
.
Delib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
h
a
s
co
m
p
l
ex
in
te
llig
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
Deli
b
er
ativ
e
ag
en
ts
h
a
s
co
m
p
lete
co
n
tr
o
l
in
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
an
d
g
o
al,
tr
y
to
b
alan
ce
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
s
.
Deli
b
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
s
co
llect
m
o
r
e
g
o
als
a
n
d
m
a
n
ag
e
h
ig
h
er
li
f
e
e
x
p
ed
ien
c
y
t
h
a
n
o
t
h
er
ag
e
n
ts
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
es
u
lts
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
at
d
elib
er
ativ
e
a
g
en
t
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
elf
-
r
e
f
lectio
n
ca
tal
y
s
t.
T
h
u
s
s
tatin
g
t
h
at
d
elib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
th
is
h
ig
h
l
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
t
h
a
n
o
th
er
ag
e
n
ts
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ag
en
ts
w
it
h
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
u
s
e
m
etac
o
g
n
i
tiv
e
s
tr
ate
g
ies
an
d
th
u
s
b
ec
o
m
es
f
le
x
ib
le,
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
an
d
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
lear
n
er
s
.
Me
taco
g
n
iti
v
e
s
tr
ate
g
ies
w
er
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
r
elate
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
in
tr
i
ns
ic
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
[
1
3
].
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
:
M
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
w
a
r
m
A
g
e
n
t
s
C
y
c
l
e
s
111
66
366
G
o
a
l
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
1
9
21
R
e
f
l
e
x
i
v
e
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
D
e
l
i
b
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
g
n
itive
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
to
A
n
a
lyze th
e
E
ffect
o
f I
n
tr
in
s
ic
Mo
tiva
t
io
n
w
ith
..
.
(
A
s
h
w
in
i Ko
d
ip
a
lli)
3989
4
.
2
.
Study
t
w
o
:
A
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
g
ro
up
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
g
r
ap
h
is
g
e
n
er
a
ted
to
ch
ec
k
h
o
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
v
ar
ies
with
p
r
o
p
er
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
Sin
ce
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
g
en
ts
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
to
g
et
h
er
,
al
w
a
y
s
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
W
ith
b
etter
g
r
o
u
p
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
ll
b
e
b
etter
.
W
h
at
m
a
k
es
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
m
e
m
b
er
b
etter
?
T
h
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
t
o
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
,
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
al
w
a
y
s
b
etter
th
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
G
r
ap
h
1
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
d
elib
er
ativ
e
ag
en
t
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
g
o
al
b
ec
au
s
e
it
i
s
i
n
tr
in
s
icall
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
ta
s
k
.
I
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
it
h
a
s
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
i
g
h
er
.
S
o
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
l
i
n
f
r
a
m
in
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
Sin
ce
d
elib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
i
s
h
ig
h
l
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
th
e
g
o
al,
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
a
g
en
t
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
m
o
tiv
ated
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
g
o
al.
So
th
i
s
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
to
an
al
y
s
es
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ag
en
t
s
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
b
y
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
elib
er
ativ
e
ag
e
n
t
s
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
an
d
r
ef
le
x
iv
e
ag
e
n
ts
.
So
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
ated
a
g
en
t1
an
d
ag
en
t2
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
a
t
b
o
th
a
g
e
n
ts
co
m
p
ete
w
ith
ea
ch
o
th
er
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
y
b
o
th
m
o
t
iv
ate
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
b
y
s
u
r
v
iv
i
n
g
al
m
o
s
t
eq
u
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cle
s
a
n
d
ti
m
e
ta
k
e
n
to
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
tas
k
is
also
f
aste
r
w
h
e
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
h
a
s
th
e
h
o
m
o
g
en
eit
y
in
ag
e
n
t
s
.
R
ea
cti
v
e
ag
en
t
i
s
ex
tr
in
s
icall
y
m
o
tiv
a
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
g
o
al
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
le
x
iv
e
a
g
e
n
t
is
ze
r
o
m
o
tiv
a
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
g
o
al.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
ag
en
t1
h
as
s
u
r
v
i
v
ed
f
o
r
2
2
1
c
y
cles
o
u
t
o
f
5
0
0
an
d
ag
en
t
2
also
f
o
r
2
2
1
cy
cles.
Ag
e
n
t
1
h
as
co
llected
1
2
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
o
u
t
o
f
2
5
an
d
a
g
en
t
2
co
llected
1
3
.
Fro
m
G
r
ap
h
2
it
is
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
d
elib
er
ativ
e
a
g
en
t
alo
n
e
co
llected
2
1
d
iam
o
n
d
s
.
B
u
t
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
th
e
a
g
e
n
ts
co
llected
2
5
o
u
t
o
f
2
5
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
ati
s
f
ies
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
o
f
“
S
y
n
er
g
y
”
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
co
ll
ec
tiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
th
a
n
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
o
cial
r
esear
ch
,
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
a
l g
ain
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t.
Af
ter
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
co
n
c
lu
d
es
th
a
t
ex
tr
in
s
i
ca
ll
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
ag
e
n
t
h
a
s
c
o
llected
7
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
i
v
ed
f
o
r
th
e
5
1
cy
cle
s
a
n
d
th
e
ze
r
o
m
o
t
iv
ated
ag
e
n
t
h
a
s
s
u
r
v
i
v
ed
f
o
r
6
6
cy
cle
s
b
u
t
n
o
t
co
llected
an
y
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
.
W
it
h
th
i
s
r
es
u
lt
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
i
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
h
as
t
h
i
s
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
g
e
n
ts
t
h
en
it
lead
s
to
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
al
lo
s
es
w
h
er
e
if
o
n
e
p
er
s
o
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
tas
k
t
h
e
o
th
er
w
ill
let
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
d
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
w
ill r
ela
x
w
it
h
o
u
t p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
n
y
ta
s
k
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
at
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
o
f
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
i
s
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
w
h
e
n
all
ag
en
t
s
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
ar
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
m
o
tiv
a
ted
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
o
r
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
g
o
al,
th
en
co
m
p
eti
tio
n
f
o
r
a
g
o
al
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
tas
k
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
a
g
en
ts
in
cr
ea
s
es
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
ll
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e.
I
f
th
e
ag
e
n
t
s
ar
e
less
m
o
ti
v
at
ed
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
th
en
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
d
ec
lin
es
a
n
d
lead
s
to
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
al
lo
s
s
e
s
li
k
e
s
o
cial
lo
a
f
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
d
ep
en
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
ag
e
n
t
s
b
u
t
also
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
g
o
al,
th
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
al
le
v
els
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ag
e
n
ts
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
(
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
o
r
ex
tr
in
s
ic)
,
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
)
,
co
h
esi
v
e
n
es
s
(
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t to
w
ar
d
s
s
ta
y
in
g
to
g
e
t
h
er
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
)
.
Gr
ap
h
2
.
A
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
S
A
C
A
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ag
en
ts
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
task
s
.
I
t
w
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
in
SAC
A
th
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
a
s
h
i
g
h
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
ad
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
an
d
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
a
s
h
i
g
h
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
g
o
al
s
ett
in
g
al
s
o
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
S
AC
A
.
I
t
m
o
ti
v
ate
s
a
g
en
ts
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
g
o
al.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
w
ar
m
a
g
en
t
s
i
n
S
A
C
A
is
h
ig
h
,
b
ec
au
s
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
o
f
t
h
eir
tas
k
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
m
o
r
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
h
av
e
a
w
ell
d
esire
d
g
o
al
s
ett
i
n
g
w
it
h
h
ig
h
l
y
m
o
ti
v
ated
ag
e
n
ts
.
S
A
C
A
m
o
d
el
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
clea
r
ly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
alo
n
e
a
m
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
398
4
–
39
90
3990
th
e
ag
e
n
ts
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
u
t
ev
e
n
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
tas
k
(
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al)
,
th
e
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
al
le
v
el
s
o
f
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
al
ag
e
n
ts
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
t
y
p
e
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
ag
en
ts
w
i
t
h
th
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
b
etter
th
an
th
e
a
g
en
ts
w
it
h
th
e
ex
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
.
S
A
C
A
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
s
w
ar
m
s
.
He
n
ce
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
A
lo
w
lev
el
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
te
d
am
o
n
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
g
en
t
s
i
n
S
AC
A
.
I
n
S
A
C
A
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e,
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
g
en
t
s
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
ask
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
S
AC
A
t
h
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
a
s
h
ig
h
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
ad
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
an
d
th
ei
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
a
s
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
g
o
al
s
etti
n
g
also
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
S
AC
A
.
I
t
m
o
tiv
a
tes
a
g
e
n
ts
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
g
o
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
m
o
r
e
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
w
ell
d
es
ir
ed
g
o
al
s
etti
n
g
w
it
h
all
ag
e
n
ts
h
i
g
h
l
y
m
o
tiv
a
ted
f
o
r
th
e
g
o
al.
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
s
w
ar
m
a
g
e
n
ts
i
n
S
AC
A
is
h
i
g
h
,
b
ec
au
s
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ar
e
m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
o
f
th
eir
tas
k
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
I
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
il
l
b
e
h
i
g
h
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
h
av
e
g
o
al
an
d
also
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
g
o
al
th
e
y
’
ll
b
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
w
o
r
k
an
d
h
e
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
to
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
co
g
n
iti
v
e
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e
s
lik
e
E
M
-
ONE
,
C
R
I
B
B
an
d
SMC
A
,
S
A
C
A
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
is
a
co
g
n
iti
v
e
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e,
w
h
er
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
g
e
n
ts
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
th
er
an
d
m
o
tiv
a
tes
ea
ch
o
th
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
tas
k
.
S
AC
A
m
o
d
el
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
clea
r
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
alo
n
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
a
g
en
t
s
i
s
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
u
t e
v
e
n
a
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
al
f
ac
to
r
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
ag
e
n
t
s
ad
d
s
to
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R
y
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
e
lf
-
d
e
term
in
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
F
a
c
il
it
a
ti
o
n
o
f
In
tri
n
sic
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
S
oc
ial
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
w
e
ll
-
b
e
in
g
”,
Ame
ric
a
n
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
ist
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
68
-
78
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
P
.
C.
De
v
,
“
In
tri
n
sic
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
A
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
”
,
Rem
e
d
ia
l
a
n
d
S
p
e
c
ia
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
12
-
19
,
1
9
9
7
.
[3
]
R.
S
h
ia,
“
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
In
tri
n
sic
a
n
d
Ex
tri
n
sic
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
”
,
A
ss
e
s
sin
g
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
in
tri
n
sic
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
:
A
lo
o
k
a
t
stu
d
e
n
t
g
o
a
ls
a
n
d
p
e
rso
n
a
l
st
ra
teg
y
,
W
h
e
e
li
n
g
Je
su
it
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
,
2
0
0
5
,
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
c
e
t.
e
d
u
/res
e
a
rc
h
/p
d
f
/m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
.
p
d
f
.
[4
]
K.
B.
Ho
y
e
n
g
a
a
n
d
K.
T
.
Ho
y
e
n
g
a
,
“
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ex
p
lain
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Be
h
a
v
io
r
”
,
M
o
n
tere
y
,
C
A
,
Bro
o
k
e
s/Co
les
P
u
b
l
ish
i
n
g
Co
m
p
a
n
y
,
1984.
[5
]
C.
B.
Ca
d
sb
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
rti
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
c
e
n
ti
v
e
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
P
a
y
f
o
r
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
:
A
n
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
I
n
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
”
,
Aca
d
e
my
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
5
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
3
8
7
-
4
0
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[6
]
B.
L
.
Co
o
p
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cre
a
ti
v
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
n
a
n
in
-
b
a
sk
e
t
Ex
e
rc
ise
:
E
ff
e
c
t
s
o
f
I
n
o
c
u
latio
n
Ag
a
in
st
Ex
tri
n
sic
R
e
wa
rd
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
ria
l
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
39
-
57
,
1
9
9
9
.
[7
]
J.
W
e
g
g
e
a
n
d
A
.
Ha
sla
m
,
“
I
m
p
ro
v
in
g
w
o
rk
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
Bra
in
sto
rm
in
g
G
ro
u
p
s:
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
th
re
e
G
ro
u
p
g
o
a
l
-
se
tt
in
g
S
trate
g
i
e
s
”
,
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
W
o
rk
a
n
d
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
4
0
0
-
430
,
2
0
0
5
.
[8
]
G
.
S
.
V
.
D
.
V
e
g
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
t
iv
a
ti
n
g
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
Tas
k
a
n
d
Ou
tco
m
e
In
terd
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
in
W
o
rk
T
e
a
m
s
”
,
Gr
o
u
p
&
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
-
1
4
3
,
1
9
9
8
.
[9
]
M
.
V.
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r,
“
S
o
c
iet
y
o
f
M
in
d
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
Co
g
n
i
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
in
a
C
o
g
n
it
iv
e
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
”
,
P
h
D T
h
e
sis
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Hu
ll
,
UK
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
P.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
EM
-
ON
E:
A
rc
h
i
tec
tu
re
f
o
r
Re
f
lec
ti
v
e
Co
m
m
o
n
se
n
se
T
h
in
k
in
g
”
,
P
h
D
T
h
e
sis
,
2
0
0
5
,
h
tt
p
:
//
w
e
b
.
m
e
d
ia.m
it
.
e
d
u
/~
p
u
s
.
[1
1
]
K.
Ba
rtsc
h
a
n
d
H.
W
e
ll
m
a
n
,
“
Yo
u
n
g
Ch
il
d
re
n
’s
A
tt
rib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
A
c
t
io
n
t
o
Be
li
e
f
s
a
n
d
De
sire
s
”
,
Ch
il
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
pp.
9
4
6
-
9
6
4
,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
2
]
E.
L
.
De
c
i
a
n
d
R.
M
.
Ry
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
S
u
p
p
o
rt
o
f
A
u
to
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
B
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
e
rs
o
n
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
o
c
ia
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
pp.
1
0
2
4
-
1
0
3
7
,
1
9
8
7
.
[1
3
]
P
.
R.
P
in
tri
c
h
a
n
d
E.
V
.
De
G
ro
o
t,
“
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
se
lf
-
re
g
u
late
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
Clas
s
ro
o
m
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
8
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
33
-
40
,
1
9
9
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.