Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp.
3483
~
34
91
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
4
.
pp3483
-
34
91
3483
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
The desi
gn of IP
T system
for mult
ipl
e kitch
en applianc
es
us
ing
class E
L
CCL ci
rcuit
N.
X
.
Y
in
1
,
S.
Saat
2
,
S.
H. H
usin
3
,
Y.
Yu
s
op
4
,
M.
R.
Awa
l
5
1,
2,3,4
Cent
re
for T
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
Resea
r
ch and
Innova
t
ion
(C
e
TRI),
Fa
cult
y
of
El
e
ct
roni
c and
C
om
pute
r
Engi
n
e
eri
ng,
Univer
siti
Te
kn
i
kal
Ma
lay
sia
Me
la
ka
,
Ma
lay
sia
5
School
of
O
ce
a
n
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
siti
Malays
i
a
T
ere
ngg
anu
(
UM
T),
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
un
13
, 2
019
Re
vised
Jan
17
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Fe
b 2
, 2
020
Since
m
an
y
y
e
ars
ago,
ki
tc
he
n
appliances
a
re
powere
d
up
b
y
c
able
conne
c
te
d
.
Thi
s
cre
a
te
a
troublesom
e
ca
se
as
wir
e
m
ight
ta
ngle
t
oget
her
an
d
ca
use
ki
tc
h
en
t
a
ble
m
ess
y
.
Due
to
thi
s,
wire
l
ess
power
tec
hnolog
y
(W
PT)
is
int
roduc
ed
as
it
s
abi
li
t
y
is
to
tra
n
sm
it
power
to
lo
ad
without
ph
y
si
ca
l
con
ta
c
t
.
Thi
s
leads
to
cor
dle
ss
soluti
o
n
bet
t
er
in
saf
ety
as
the
p
ro
duct
c
an
b
e
complet
e
l
y
se
al,
highly
expa
nd
abl
e
power
ran
ge.
Thi
s
work
foc
uses
on
the
design
of
W
PT
base
d
on
ind
uct
iv
e
appr
o
ac
h
to
power
up
m
ul
ti
ple
kitchen
appl
i
anc
es.
The
sele
c
ti
on
of
ind
uct
iv
e
appr
oa
ch
over
it
s
par
tne
r
s
ca
pacitiv
e
and
ac
ousti
c
is
m
ai
nl
y
du
e
to
high
power
eff
i
ci
en
c
y
.
Cl
ass
E
inve
rte
r
is
proposed
her
e
t
o
conve
r
t
th
e
D
C
to
AC
cur
ren
t
to
driv
e
the
ind
uct
iv
e
l
ink.
A
1
MH
z
oper
a
ti
ng
fre
qu
ency
i
s
used.
To
ensu
re
the
ci
r
cui
t
is
robust
with
loa
d
v
ari
a
ti
ons,
an
LCC
L
imped
anc
e
m
at
ch
ing
i
s
proposed.
Th
is
soluti
on
is
t
able
to
m
ai
ntain
the
output
power
if
the
re
i
s
a
slight
cha
nge
in
loa
d
impedanc
e
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
th
e
d
eve
lo
ped
proto
t
y
pe
i
s
abl
e
to
suppl
y
50V
utpu
t
which
c
an ac
hi
e
ve
power
tra
nsm
ission up
to
81.
7
6%.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Cl
ass E in
ver
te
r
Im
ped
ance m
atch
in
g
Ind
uctive
pow
er tra
ns
fe
r
Mult
iple kit
che
n
a
pp
li
anc
es
W
i
reless
powe
r
tra
ns
fe
r
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
S.
Saat
,
Ce
ntre fo
r
Tel
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Resea
rch
an
d
I
nnovat
ion (C
eTR
I)
,
Faculty
of Elec
tro
nics and
C
om
pu
te
r
En
gin
e
erin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knikal M
al
ay
sia
Mel
aka
,
Hang T
ua
h
Jay
a, 76
100 D
ur
ia
n
T
unggal
, Me
la
ka,
Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
sh
akir
@u
te
m
.ed
u.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Nowa
days,
wir
el
ess
power
tra
ns
fe
r
(
WPT
)
te
chnolo
gy
has
be
com
e
on
e
of
t
he
to
p
resea
rch
areas
f
or
reli
able
ap
plica
ti
on
s,
e
sp
eci
al
ly
in
low
-
pow
e
r
te
ch
no
l
og
y
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
s
uc
h
as
cel
l
ph
on
e
charge
rs,
sm
art
card
syst
e
m
s,
rad
i
o
fr
e
quency
identific
at
ion
(RFID)
,
high
-
powe
r
el
ect
ri
c
ve
hicle
s
(
E
V)
an
d
bi
o
m
edical
equ
i
pm
ents
[1
-
5].
WPT
tran
sfer
s
power
or
energy
from
the
power
s
ource
to
the
powe
r
l
oad
th
rou
gh
the
m
edium
wi
thout
a
c
onnect
ion
li
ne
(
physi
cal
co
ntact
)
[
1
-
3].
T
he
WPT
s
yst
e
m
will
el
i
m
inate
existi
ng
high
-
vo
lt
age
t
rans
m
issi
on
cables
,
towe
rs
a
nd
su
bst
at
ion
s
be
tween
powe
r
sta
ti
on
s
an
d
c
on
s
um
ers,
as
well
as
facil
it
ie
s
inter
connecte
d
by
el
ect
ri
cal
te
chnolo
gy
plan
ts
wo
rl
dw
i
de
[6
]
.
W
P
T'
s
adv
a
ntage
s
in
cable
el
i
m
inati
on
a
nd
m
ai
ntenan
ce
-
f
ree
oper
at
io
n
are
pa
rtic
ularly
help
fu
l
i
n
kitch
en
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
to
put
asi
de
the ele
ct
ronic
kitchen
appli
an
ces we
u
se
ev
e
ry d
ay
.
On
e
of
t
he
popula
r
WPT
t
echnolo
gy
is
base
d
on
capa
ci
ti
ve
couplin
g
bet
ween
tra
ns
m
itter
an
d
receiver
.
H
owever,
e
xistence
capaci
to
r
require
d
high
withstan
ding
volt
age
al
ong
with
the
high
ca
pa
ci
ta
nce
value
f
or
a
gi
ven
outp
ut
cu
rr
e
nt
w
hich
m
eans
that
this
kind
of
sup
ply
is
on
ly
pr
ac
ti
cal
fo
r
hi
gh
powe
r
app
li
cat
io
ns
[
7,
8].
O
n
the
ot
her
ha
nd,
ac
ousti
c
powe
r
tr
ansf
e
r
is
com
par
at
ively
ne
w
te
chnolo
gy
w
hich
op
ti
m
iz
ing
sound
wav
es
vi
br
at
io
n
or
ultraso
nic
pro
pagat
e
wav
es
to
convey
ene
r
gy
wireless
f
or
powe
r
transm
issi
on
.
Althou
gh
it
is
a
li
gh
t
-
base
d
syst
e
m
bu
t
sti
ll
able
to
su
pply
a
la
rg
e
a
m
ou
nt
of
powe
r.
Unfortu
natel
y,
it
s d
iff
racti
on l
os
s
directl
y af
f
ect
s ef
fici
ency
ov
e
r far
d
ist
an
ce [
9
-
11
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3483
-
3491
3484
Du
e
to
t
he
a
bo
ve
m
entione
d
i
ssu
e,
this
w
ork
f
ocu
se
s
on
the
inducti
ve
ap
proach
in
orde
r
t
o
tra
ns
m
i
t
powe
r
to
the
m
ul
ti
ple
kitch
en
a
pp
li
a
nces.
The
m
et
ho
d
i
s
al
so
kn
own
as
I
nductive
P
ow
e
r
T
ra
ns
fe
r
(IPT)
.
IP
T
syst
em
of
fer
s
sev
eral
a
dvanta
ges,
s
uch
as;
1.
A
bili
ty
of
tra
ns
m
it
t
ing
high
-
powe
r
transm
issi
on
,
2.
C
a
n
handle
r
obus
tn
ess
load
w
hic
h
m
ean
m
ob
ilit
y
of
m
ul
ti
pl
e
kitce
n
utens
il
s
sh
ift
aro
un
d
the
ta
ble
[12
-
14]
.
Althou
gh
t
he
AP
T
c
ou
l
d
ove
rco
m
e
po
w
er
t
ran
sm
issi
on
an
d
distan
ce
lim
i
ta
ti
on
but
sti
ll
the
hards
hip
s
of
la
rg
e
acoust
ic
m
is
m
at
ch
of
t
he
tr
ansm
itter
an
d
receive
r
with
the
m
edium
co
uld
le
a
d
t
o
a
s
eve
re
li
m
it
on
the ef
fici
ency
of powe
r
t
ran
s
f
er. He
nce,
t
he
i
nductive a
ppr
oa
ch
is
pr
e
fer
a
bl
e in this
w
ork.
Currentl
y,
in
t
he
com
m
ercial
m
ark
et
induct
ion
c
ooke
r
us
i
ng
direct
in
du
ct
ion
heati
ng
of
c
ooki
ng
vessels,
rather
than
rely
in
g
on
i
nd
ire
ct
ra
diati
on
,
c
onve
ct
ion
,
or
the
r
m
al
con
duct
io
n.
I
nductio
n
c
ooking
al
lows
hi
gh
po
wer
an
d
ve
ry
r
apid
inc
reases
in
tem
per
at
ur
e
to
be
achieve
d,
an
d
cha
nges
in
heat
set
ti
ng
s
are
instanta
ne
ous
[15].
H
oweve
r,
in
duct
ion
c
ooke
r
only
ha
s
lim
i
te
d
tw
o
slots
a
nd
m
ai
nly
fo
r
c
ooki
ng.
Also
,
in
du
ct
io
n
co
oker
c
ould
not
be
sh
i
fted
f
ro
m
on
e
l
oc
at
ion
to
a
nother
l
ocati
on
ea
sil
y.
By
util
izi
ng
I
P
T
syst
e
m
,
the
po
wer
can
be
transf
e
rr
e
d
to
m
u
lt
iple
kitchen
app
li
ance
s
an
d
enab
le
to
po
w
er
up
no
t
only
cooke
r
bu
t
al
so
bo
il
er
,
fr
uit
ble
nd
e
r,
m
ixer
and
oth
e
rs.
Be
sides
tha
t,
the
kitchen
l
oad
is
sh
i
ftabl
e
around
the
ki
tc
hen
ta
ble
and
this
increases
the
f
le
xib
il
it
y
on
prepa
rin
g
f
ood.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
in
t
his
wor
k
wirel
ess
m
ulti
ple
kitchen
app
li
anc
es syst
e
m
is p
r
opos
e
d usi
ng in
du
ct
iv
e ap
proac
h.
2.
OVERVIEW
OF THE
P
ROP
OSED
IPT
METHO
D
Figure
1
s
how
s
the
pro
pose
d
IP
T
syst
em
fo
r
this
w
ork.
T
his
prot
otype
is
desig
ne
d
to
deliver
hi
gh
powe
r
(at
le
ast
50W)
with
th
e
su
pply
vo
lt
age
up
to
50V
and
ef
fecti
ve
di
sta
nce
gap
is
5cm
.
Mosfet
dr
iver
i
s
us
e
d
to
s
upply
5V
volt
age
t
o
dr
i
ve
Mos
f
et
i
n
Cl
ass
E
Inve
rter
ci
rc
uit.
IR
FP25
0
N
M
osf
et
is
us
ed
he
re
as
its
able
to
switc
h
at
1
MHz
fr
eq
uen
cy
with
50%
of
duty
cy
c
le
.
High
f
re
quency
switc
hing
al
lows
power
to
be
trans
fer
e
d
in
a
sh
ort
durati
on
[16].
Figure
1
.
IPT s
yst
e
m
b
lock di
agr
am
Figure
2
.
Ge
ne
ral over
view
of
the
pro
j
ect
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Th
e
desi
gn o
f
I
PT syste
m
for
mu
lt
iple ki
tc
he
n appli
ances
usi
ng class
E LC
CL
ci
rcuit
(
N. X.
Yin
)
3485
In
IP
T
syst
em
,
a
high
fr
e
quency
cu
rr
e
nt
is
desire
d
to
dri
ve
the
m
agnet
ic
fiel
d
coupler
s
o
tha
t
the
m
agn
et
ic
flux
ca
n
flo
w
thr
ough
it
to
pro
vid
e
the
l
oa
d
with
the
require
d
powe
r.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
a
C
la
ss
-
E
inv
e
rter
is
desi
gn
e
d
as
the
hig
h
fr
e
quency
inv
e
rter
[
17,
18]
at
the
trans
m
it
te
r
to
conver
t
DC
source
to
AC
.
On
the
oth
e
r
hand,
the
pro
bl
e
m
of
power
loss
durin
g
th
e
transm
issi
on
process
is
overco
m
e
by
pro
po
si
ng
LCC
L
i
m
ped
a
nce
m
at
ching
ci
rcu
it
s
at
the
receiver
pa
rt.
The
overall
il
lustrati
on
of
th
e
w
ork
is
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
2.
3.
METHO
DOL
OGY
The basic
c
onc
eptual
desig
n o
f
this
prot
otype
is sho
wn in Fi
gure
1
a
nd Fi
gure
2 res
pecti
ve
ly
.
3.1
.
Clas
s
e in
verte
r desig
n
Cl
ass
E
I
nver
te
r
is
a
well
-
known
ci
rc
uit
i
m
ple
m
ented
f
or
high
f
re
qu
e
ncy
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s
[19].
The
ci
rc
uit
ha
s
low
switc
hi
ng
losse
s
with
high
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
ou
t
pu
t
wh
ic
h
be
ne
fits
to
our
propose
d
syst
e
m
.
Ba
sic
al
ly
,
cl
as
s
E
in
ver
te
r
is
cat
egorized
a
s
cl
ass
E
zer
o
vo
lt
age
switc
hi
ng
(Z
VS
)
in
ve
rter
a
nd
t
he
c
la
ss
E
zero cu
rr
e
nt s
witc
hing
(ZCS
)
in
ver
te
r.
T
he
cl
ass E in
ver
t
e
r
ci
rc
uit i
s sho
wn in Fi
gure
3.
Figure
3
.
Cl
ass
E
ci
rc
uit
The
ci
rc
uit
co
ns
ist
s
of
powe
r
MO
SFET
op
erati
ng
as
a
s
witc
h,
L
-
C
-
R
s
eries
-
re
sona
nt
ci
rcu
it
,
s
hunt
capaci
tor
C1,
and
ch
oke
in
duct
or
L
f.
T
he
switc
h
t
urns
on
a
nd
off
at
th
e
operati
ng
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
f=ω/
2π
wh
ic
h
determ
ined
by
a
dr
ive
r.
Be
sid
es
the
low
in
put
of
t
he
MOS
FET
gate,
Vg.
as
the
volt
age
dr
ai
n,
V
d
s
houl
d
be
three
ti
m
es
great
er
tha
n
V
g
to
e
nsure
the
res
on
a
nce
ta
nk
not
be
bur
ned.
T
he
resis
tor
R
is
a
n
ac
loa
d.
The
c
hoke
in
duct
ance
Lf
is
a
ssu
m
ed
to
be
hi
gh
e
noug
h
s
o
that
the
ac
cu
rrent
ri
pp
le
on
t
he
dc
s
upply
c
urren
t
I1
ca
n
be
ne
gl
ect
ed.
A
sm
al
l
ind
ucta
nce
wi
th
a
la
rg
e
cu
rrent
rip
ple
is
also
possi
ble
[20
]
.
Wh
e
n
the
s
witc
h
is
ON,
the
resona
nt
ci
rcu
it
co
ns
i
sts
of
L
,
C,
a
nd
R
beca
us
e
t
he
capaci
ta
nce
C1
is
short
-
ci
r
cuite
d
by
t
he
s
witc
h.
Howe
ver,
w
he
n
the
s
witc
h
i
s
OF
F
,
the
res
on
a
nt
ci
rc
uit
con
sist
s
of
C
1,
L,
C,
a
nd
R
connecte
d
in
s
eries.
Be
cause
C1
an
d
C
are
connec
te
d
in
series,
th
e
equ
ivale
nt
capaci
ta
nce
is
lower
tha
n
C
and
C1.
In
the
res
on
a
nt
ta
nk
ci
rc
uit,
th
ere
is
an
i
nduc
tor
se
ries
with
capaci
tor
t
hen
par
al
le
l
with
a
capaci
tor
.
T
he
value
of
t
he
pa
ssive
el
e
m
ents is d
ec
ided
acc
ord
i
ng to
the
foll
owin
g
e
qu
at
io
ns
:
The
l
oad resist
ance,
R
can
b
e
cal
culat
ed
as,
R
=
8
2
+
4
×
(1)
t
hen
,
base
d
on
the
pr
o
pose
d
operati
ng
frequ
e
ncy,
s
hunt
capaci
tor,
C
1
an
d
ch
oke
inducto
r
,
L
f
can
be
cal
culat
ed
as
f
ollows
[
8]
:
C
1
=
8
(
2
+
4
)
(2)
=
2
(
2
4
+
1
)
(3)
the
series
capa
ci
ta
nce,
C a
nd
series re
sona
nt inducto
r, L a
r
e g
ive
n
a
s
:
C
=
1
(
−
(
2
−
4
)
16
)
(4)
=
(5)
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S
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In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3483
-
3491
3486
N
ote
that,
Q
is
a
Qu
al
it
y
Facto
r
that
nee
ds
to
be
determ
ined
first.
I
n
this
work,
Q
is
10.
This
value
is
cho
s
e
n
so
that
t
he
ba
ndwi
dth
obta
ine
d
is
s
uffici
ent
enou
gh
f
or
tu
ni
ng
pur
pose
la
te
r
to
gua
natee
the
Z
VS
c
ondi
ti
on
of
the circ
uit, see
[10
]
f
or
detai
ls.
3.2
.
Imped
an
ce
m
at
c
hing
circ
uit
Im
ple
m
entation
of
im
ped
an
ce
m
at
ching
is
ap
plied
at
r
ecei
ver
side
i
n
order
to
im
pro
ve
powe
r
eff
ic
ie
ncy
[21,
22]
.
A
1
M
Hz
cl
ass
E
in
ver
t
er
ci
rc
uit
is
i
m
plem
ented
with
se
ries
LC
im
ped
a
nce
m
at
ching
at
transm
itter
part
[2
3].
Parall
el
top
ol
og
y
CL
par
t
of
i
m
ped
a
nce
m
a
tc
hin
g
connecte
d
with
the
load
in
pa
rall
el
topolo
gy
is
pr
op
os
ed
at
re
cei
ver
side
,
so
the
res
onan
te
beh
a
vio
r
will
com
pen
sat
e
the
power
bei
ng
tra
nsfer
[
24
]
.
This
im
ped
an
ce
m
at
ching
ci
rcu
it
is
known
as
LCC
L
topolo
gy
[25
]
,
see
Fi
gure
4
f
or
the
scem
atic
of
the
ci
rc
uit.
Ba
sed
on
sim
ulati
on
wor
k,
t
he
pe
rf
ect
c
ou
pling
facto
r
is
0.2
w
it
h
a
n
e
ff
ect
ive
distance
ga
p
o
f
5
cm
.
Figure
4
.
Scem
at
ic
f
or LCC
L
i
m
ped
ance
m
atch
in
g
ci
rc
uit
3.2
.
E
xp
eri
men
ta
l
w
ork
The
t
ran
sm
it
ter
ci
rc
uit
is
desi
gn
e
d
on
t
he
P
CB
bo
a
r
d
the
n
co
nnect
to
t
he
transm
it
te
r
ind
ucta
nce
c
oil.
The
tra
ns
m
i
tt
e
r
ci
rcu
it
inclu
ded
cl
ass
E
in
ver
te
r
ci
rc
uit
with
series
L
C
of
im
ped
an
ce
m
at
ching
.
Re
cei
ver
m
od
ule
are
buil
t
into
the
load
wh
ic
h
unde
r
ne
at
h
the
boil
er
with
seal
ed.
T
he
recei
ver
ci
r
cuit
include
d
r
ecei
ver
inducta
nce
coi
l
con
necte
d
to
the
par
al
le
l
t
opology
of
C
L
i
m
ped
ance
m
at
ching
.
Fig
ur
e
5
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
6
il
lustrate
s the e
xp
e
rim
ent set up of t
he pr
opose
d
syst
em
.
Figure
5
.
Tra
nsm
itter side
Figure
6. Re
cei
ver side
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
Ba
sed
on
the
de
sired
outp
ut
of
c
la
ss
E
in
ve
rter
ci
rc
uit,
the
va
lue
of
com
ponen
ts
in
res
on
a
nt
ci
rc
uit
is
decide
d
us
in
g
the
eq
uatio
n
f
r
om
(1
)
to
(
5)
by
us
i
ng
t
he
va
lues
that
are
giv
e
n
in
Table
1.
All
the
cal
culat
ed
values
are
the
n
ta
bu
la
te
d
in
T
able
2.
I
n
this
cl
ass
E
inv
erte
r
ci
rcu
it
,
IRFP
250N
MOSF
E
T
is
cho
se
n
be
cause
it
s
low
sta
ti
c
Dr
ai
n
-
to
-
S
ourc
e
O
n
-
Re
sist
a
nc
e,
RD
S
a
nd
withstan
d
high
powe
r
dissip
at
ion
,
P
D.
Functi
on
gen
e
rato
r
gene
rates
s
qu
a
re
w
ave
pu
lse
an
d
MOSFET
dri
ve
r
is
us
e
d
to
bo
os
t
the
squa
re
wav
e
pulse
t
o
achieve
m
ini
m
u
m
vo
lt
age
require
d
by
the
MOSFET.
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
ZV
S
co
ndit
ion
has
to
be
co
nsi
der
e
d
to
pro
duce
high
powe
r
ef
fici
en
cy
in
cl
ass
E
c
ircuit
.
Ba
sic
al
ly
,
the
c
om
po
ne
nt
val
ues
in
the
re
sona
nt
ci
r
cuit
m
us
t
be
s
el
ect
ed
appr
opriat
el
y so
that t
he
s
witc
h wil
l t
urn on a
t zero
volt
age.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Th
e
desi
gn o
f
I
PT syste
m
for
mu
lt
iple ki
tc
he
n appli
ances
usi
ng class
E LC
CL
ci
rcuit
(
N. X.
Yin
)
3487
Table
1
.
Desig
n
s
pecifica
ti
on
for
cl
ass
E in
ve
rter circ
uit
Desig
n
Specif
icati
on
Valu
e
Rated
po
wer,
Pou
t
50W
Inp
u
t vo
ltag
e,
Vi
50V
Du
ty
c
y
cle
,
D
50%
Frequ
en
cy
,
f
1
MHz
Qu
ality
f
acto
r
10
Table
2
.
Cl
ass
E in
ver
te
r
p
a
ra
m
et
er
Desig
n
Specif
icatio
n
Valu
e
Ch
o
k
e I
n
d
u
cto
r,
R
f
1
m
H
Sh
u
n
t Cap
acito
r,
C
s
h
u
n
t
2nF
Series Cap
acito
r
,
C
tan
k
550pF
Series ind
u
ctan
ce, L
tan
k
5
0
μH
R
lo
ad
30Ω
Figure
7
disp
la
ys
the
gate
vo
l
ta
ge
an
d
dr
ai
n
vo
lt
age
w
hich
fu
lfil
le
d
ZVS
c
onditi
on
of
the
si
m
ulati
on
work.
Wh
e
n
th
e
VG
dro
ps
to
zero
t
he
V
D
ac
hieves
170V.
This
ha
ppens
wh
e
n
MO
SFE
T
act
s
as
op
e
n
ci
rcu
it
.
This
def
i
nitel
y
f
ulfill
s
the
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs
of
c
la
ss
E
i
nvert
er
it
sel
f
wh
ic
h
pro
duces
VD
3
ti
m
es
la
rg
er
tha
n
the
in
put
volt
age.
Me
a
nwhile
,
Fig
ure
8
pro
vid
es
re
s
ults
f
or
ex
per
im
ental
wor
k
of
c
la
ss
E
i
nv
e
rter
c
ircuit
.
Fr
om
the
exp
e
rim
ental
resu
lt
s,
50V
dc
sup
pl
y
and
1MHz
r
eso
nan
t
f
reque
ncy
the
outp
ut
ZVS
wa
ve
for
m
has
been
s
uccessfu
ll
y
achieved
(
with
s
om
e
distor
ti
on)
an
d
this
is
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
8(
a
).
F
or
Figure
8(b
),
t
he
green
li
ne
is
the
ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
age
a
t
the
loa
d.
T
he
ouput
f
rom
this
ou
t
put
vo
lt
age
will
be
the
n
c
onne
ct
ed
to
the tra
ns
m
issi
o
n
c
oil.
Figure
7
.
ZV
S
conditi
on
in
class
E circ
uit
Figure
8(
a
)
.
Z
VS
from
o
sci
ll
os
c
op
e
Figure
8(b
)
.
Drai
n
volt
age
v
e
r
su
s
outp
ut volt
age
at
load
4.2
.
A
n
aly
sis
of im
pedance m
at
c
hing
Inde
pende
nt
cl
ass
E
ci
rcu
it
prov
i
des
in
put
powe
r
of
35.57
W
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
po
wer
of
30.84
5W.
The
po
wer
e
ffi
ci
ency
her
e
is
86
.
71%.
By
pro
po
si
ng
LC
CL
i
m
ped
ance
m
at
ching
ci
rc
uit,
the
input
powe
r
increases
t
o
121.1
9W
a
nd
outp
ut
po
wer
is
109.1
6W.
T
he
powe
r
ef
fici
en
cy
is
90%.
I
n
this
syst
em
,
kitche
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3483
-
3491
3488
app
li
anc
es
re
quire
high
pow
er
to
powe
r
up,
he
nce
im
pedance
m
at
ching
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole
to
boos
t
up
the ef
fici
ency,
so
t
he ou
t
pu
t
powe
r. This
is hi
gh
li
ghte
d
i
n F
igure
s
9
a
nd 10
corres
pondin
gl
y.
Fo
r
the
a
naly
sis
pur
pos
e,
we
would
li
ke
to
s
tud
y
the
im
pac
t
of
c
ouplin
g
va
riat
ion
t
o
the
ci
rcu
it
wit
h
and
with
ou
t
i
m
ped
ance
m
atch
in
g
ci
rc
uit.
In
this
c
onte
xt
the
fo
ll
owin
g
pa
ram
et
ers
are
m
ade
const
ant;
At
tra
ns
m
itter
side:
Cs
hunt
=
2nF,
c
hoke
in
du
ct
or
=
1m
H,
Ct
ank
=
550pF
,
Lta
nk
=
50uF,
a
nd
in
put
vo
lt
age=
50V
.
At
receive
r
s
ide,
L1
=
4.7
3uF
an
d
C1
=
5.354
nF
an
d
load
=
30
0ohm
.
The
m
anipu
la
te
d
var
ia
ble
is
coupling
facto
r
is
var
ie
d
f
ro
m
0
–
1.
The
res
pond
i
ng
va
riable
is
ou
tp
ut
po
w
er.
We
can
see
that
the
ou
pu
t
power
ac
hieve
d
the
hig
hest
on
e
with
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
ci
rcu
it
at
0.2
co
upli
ng
facto
r
.
Me
anwhil
e,
hi
gh
e
st
ouput
power
without
im
ped
ance
ha
ppene
d
at
0.4.
Ba
sed
on
this
it
is
ob
vious
to
us
that
app
ly
in
g
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
ci
rc
uit
al
low
one
to
tran
sfe
r
po
wer
at
hi
gher
distance
th
a
n
without
im
ped
a
nce
m
at
ching
ci
rc
ui
t.
Figu
re
11
e
xp
la
in
s
this
scenari
o
w
her
e
ouput
powe
r
without
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
have
sh
ifte
d t
o rig
ht
and achie
ve
d
t
he
sam
e p
ower
at a n
ea
re
r dist
ance.
Figure
s
12
-
14
pro
vid
es
detai
ls
res
ults
on
th
e
reas
on
of
c
ouplin
g
facto
r
0.2
giv
es
the
hi
gh
e
st
powe
r
ou
t
pu
t.
It
is
ob
vious
from
Figu
re
13
t
hat
at
0.2
c
ouplin
g
fac
tor,
the
ZV
S
is
su
cces
sf
ully
achieve
d
a
nd
le
ads
t
o
aprroxim
at
ely
switc
hi
ng
lo
ss.
T
his
will
great
ly
incre
as
e
the
e
ff
ic
i
ency
of
s
uc
h
syst
e
m
.
The
overall
com
par
ison
be
tween
t
he
perf
or
m
ance
of
the
ci
rcu
it
with
a
nd
with
out
im
ped
a
nce
m
at
ching
with
t
he
va
riat
ion
of co
upli
ng f
ac
tor
is
sho
wn in
F
ig
ur
e
15.
Figure
9
.
Cl
ass E circ
uit wit
hout im
ped
a
nce
m
at
ching
Figure
10
.
Cl
as
s E circ
uit wit
h im
ped
anc
e m
a
tc
hin
g
Figure
11
.
Pow
er
ver
s
us
c
oupl
ing
facto
r
Figure
12
.
Z
V
S con
diti
on
at
couplin
g fact
or
of
0.1
Figure
13
.
Z
V
S con
diti
on
at
couplin
g fact
or
of
0.2
Figure
14
.
Z
V
S con
diti
on
at
couplin
g fact
or
of
0.3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Th
e
desi
gn o
f
I
PT syste
m
for
mu
lt
iple ki
tc
he
n appli
ances
usi
ng class
E LC
CL
ci
rcuit
(
N. X.
Yin
)
3489
Figure
15
.
Pow
er
ef
fici
ency
ve
rsu
s
c
ouplin
g fact
or w
it
h an
d wit
hout im
pedance m
at
ching
4.3
.
P
roto
type de
ve
lopmen
t
The
proty
pe
of
the
w
ork
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
16.
T
hr
ee
l
oads
are
us
ed
he
re
,
nam
el
y,
LED
li
gh
t,
st
ov
e
and
f
ru
it
s
ble
nd
e
r.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
IPT
sy
stem
is
able
t
o
powe
r
up
l
oads
s
uccess
f
ully
.
I
n
t
his
c
on
te
xt,
the
kitche
n
li
gh
t
wa
s
li
gh
te
d
up,
the
f
r
uit
blend
e
r
is
sp
in
ned
a
nd
t
he
bo
il
er
ha
s
bo
il
ed
durin
g
powe
r
transm
issi
on
.
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su
ppli
ng
50V
DC
to
t
he
transm
it
t
er
par
t,
the
cl
ass
E
i
nv
e
rter
c
onve
r
ts
DC
source
t
o
AC
so
urce.
This
is
achieva
ble
by
locat
ing
t
he
re
cei
ver
par
t
at
the
ef
fecti
ve
ar
ea.
The
syst
em
able
to
deli
ver
72
W
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
t
o powe
r up t
he
k
it
che
n
a
pp
li
a
nces
with
81.
76%
of po
wer e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
Figure
16
.
C
om
ple
te
p
r
oto
ty
pe of
the
pro
posed
m
et
ho
d
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
c
on
cl
us
io
n,
the
proj
ect
ha
d
achiev
ed
t
he
obj
ect
i
ves
of
desig
ning
and
dev
el
op
i
ng
the
hi
gh
eff
ic
ie
ncy
res
on
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nt
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inv
e
rter
ci
r
c
uit.
T
he
cl
ass
E
in
ver
te
r
ci
rcu
it
is
s
ucce
ssfu
ll
y
co
ns
tr
u
ct
ed
in
si
m
ulati
on
an
d
im
ple
m
ente
d
in
pract
ic
al
.
The
ef
fici
ency
achie
ved
for
sim
ulatio
n
is
90.
07%
w
hile
exp
e
rim
ental
r
esult
achieve
d
81
.
76%.
A
ddit
ion
al
ly
,
the
ob
j
ect
iv
e
on
de
sign
i
ng
im
ped
ance
m
a
tc
hin
g
ci
rcu
it
by
us
i
ng
pa
rall
el
config
ur
at
io
n
to
polo
gy
ha
d
im
pr
ov
e
d
t
he
powe
r
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
of
the
syst
e
m
fr
om
86
.
71%
t
o
90%
f
or
a
gap
distance
of
5c
m
.
The
fu
tu
re
works
are;
1.
The
sa
fety
m
od
ule
at
the
rec
ei
ver
side
has
to
be
desig
ne
d
so
that
load
can
be
protect
ed
2.
Th
e
auto
tun
i
ng
ci
rc
uit
needs
to
be
intr
oduce
d
to
en
s
ure
the ef
fecti
ve
ne
ss of the
propo
sed
syst
em
alt
ho
ug
h
at
m
isa
lig
nm
ent cond
it
i
on.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
express
our
gr
at
it
ude
to
Un
ive
rsiti
Tekn
i
kal
Ma
la
ysia
Me
la
ka
and
Mi
nistry
of
Ed
ucati
on
M
al
ay
sia
fo
r
sp
ons
or
i
ng
this
w
ork
unde
r
F
undam
ent
al
Re
sear
ch
G
ra
nt
S
chem
e
(F
RG
S/1/2
016/
TK04/F
KEKK
-
Ce
tri/
F
0031
3).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3483
-
3491
3490
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aN
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-
E
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/MT
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Sy
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Based
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Anal
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tical
Der
iv
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la
ss
E
Curre
nt
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Drive
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Rec
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uct
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tr
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and
bal
un
i
n
CMO
S
te
chnol
o
g
y
,
”
in
IEEE
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ansacti
ons
on
C
ircui
ts
and
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ms
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La
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nce
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atching
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”
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EE
E
Inte
rnat
ion
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m
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ti
on
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opo
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e
l
y
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ed
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ct
iv
e
power
tra
nsfer
s
y
stem,”
2013
I
EE
E
Int
ernati
on
al
Confe
renc
e
on
Control
Syste
m
,
Computing
and
Engi
ne
ering
,
Mindeb,
pp
.
173
-
17
8
,
2013
.
[25]
S.
Sam
ant
a,
A.
K.
Rat
hore
,
an
d
D.
J.
Thri
m
a
witha
na
,
“
Bidi
r
ec
t
iona
l
Curr
ent
-
Fed
Half
-
Bridg
e
(C)
(LC)
-
(LC
)
Configura
ti
on
fo
r
Induc
ti
ve
W
ireless
Pow
er
Tra
nsfer
Sy
st
em,”
in
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Industry
A
ppli
cations
,
vol
.
53,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
40
53
-
4062,
Jul
y
-
A
ug.
20
17
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Th
e
desi
gn o
f
I
PT syste
m
for
mu
lt
iple ki
tc
he
n appli
ances
usi
ng class
E LC
CL
ci
rcuit
(
N. X.
Yin
)
3491
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ng
X
ue
Yin
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
stud
y
i
ng
Bac
hel
or
De
gre
e
in
E
le
c
tron
ic
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
Univer
siti
T
eknikal
Malay
s
ia Mel
ak
a.
Sh
akir
Saat
obta
ine
d
his
B.
Eng
and
Master
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
Eng
inee
ring
from
UTM
in
2002
and
200
6,
respe
ctively
.
Th
en,
he
obtained
his
PhD
from
T
he
Univer
sit
y
of
Auckla
nd
in
the
fie
ld
of
nonli
n
ea
r
cont
rol
th
eor
y
i
n
2013.
He
is
n
ow
an
As
socia
t
e
Profess
or
and
Dea
n
of
Facul
t
y
of
E
lectr
oni
c
and
Com
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
sit
i
Te
knik
al
Mal
a
y
sia
Me
la
ka
.
Hi
s
rese
arc
h
intere
st
is
on
nonli
near
s
y
stems
cont
rol
the
or
y
and
wire
l
ess
power
tra
nsfer
te
chno
logi
es
.
He
has
publi
shed
one
m
onogra
ph
(publi
shed
b
y
S
pringe
r
Verl
ag)
on
pol
y
nom
i
al
c
ontrol
s
y
st
ems
and
m
an
y
journ
als
and
conf
er
ence
pape
rs
and
m
ostl
y
publi
shed
in
t
he
high
qualit
y
j
ourna
l
such
as
I
nte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jour
nal
of
Robust
an
d
Nonline
ar
Contr
ol,
and
I
ET Cont
rol.
Yu
smarnita
Yusop
was
born
in
Mela
k
a,
Mal
a
ysia
in
1979.
She
rec
ei
v
ed
th
e
B
.
Eng
in
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(M
ec
ha
troni
c)
fro
m
Univer
siti
Teknologi
Malay
si
a,
in
2001
,
the
M.
Eng
degr
e
e
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
from
Kol
ej
Univer
sit
i
Tu
n
Hus
sein
Onn,
Malay
s
ia,
in
200
4
and
Ph.
D
degr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ical
Eng
ine
er
ing
(Cap
ac
i
ti
v
e
Pow
er
Tr
an
sfer)
from
Univer
siti
T
ekni
ka
l
Malay
si
a
Mela
k
a
i
n
2018.
Her
ca
r
ee
r
as
ac
ade
m
i
ci
an
begi
ns
in
2005
a
s
a
Te
ac
hh
ing
E
ngine
er
at
Depa
r
tment
of
Industri
al
El
e
ct
roni
c,
T
ec
h
nic
a
l
Univer
sit
y
Malay
si
a
Malacc
a
and
now
she
is
a
Senior
Le
ct
ure
r
a
t
the
sa
m
e
unive
rsit
y
.
Her
are
a
of
r
ese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
include
s
el
e
ct
roni
c
s
y
s
t
em
design,
wi
reless
power
tra
nsf
er
and
power
elec
tr
onic
s.
Siti
Huz
aima
h
Hus
in
rec
ei
ved
the
B.
Eng
(2000
)
from
Multi
m
edi
a
Univer
sit
y
,
M.E
ng
(2005)
fr
om
Kolej
Univer
sit
i
Tun
Hus
sein
O
nn,
Malay
si
a
res
pec
t
ive
l
y
.
First
a
ppoint
ed
as
Eng
ine
er
ing
Instruc
t
or
(2001)
at
Kol
ej
Univer
siti
Te
kni
kal
Mal
a
y
s
ia
M
el
ak
a
and
prom
ote
d
as
L
ecture
r
(2005)
and
Sen
ior
Le
c
ture
r
(2008)
in
the
Depa
r
tment
of
Industrial
El
ectroni
cs,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
E
le
c
tro
nic
and
Com
put
er
Engi
ne
eri
ng
at
Univer
siti
T
eknikal
Malay
si
a
Me
la
ka
.
Since
Sept
ember
2014,
she
is
pursuing
PhD
in
Advanc
ed
Con
tr
ol
T
ec
hnolog
y
t
hat
fo
cuse
d
on
a
cousti
c
s
ene
rg
y
t
ran
sfer.
Md
Rab
iul
A
w
al
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
working
with
S
chool
of
Oce
an
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
U
nive
rsiti
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Te
ren
gg
anu
(UM
T)
as
a
le
ct
ur
er.
He
has
rec
eived
his
PhD
in
Comm
unic
at
io
n
Engi
nee
r
ing
from
Univer
siti
Malay
sia
Perl
is
(Uni
MA
P),
Malay
s
i
a,
in
2
018
.
He
was
awa
rde
d
Master
in
Com
put
er
Scie
nc
e
from
Int
ern
ational
Islami
c
Univer
si
t
y
Mal
a
y
si
a
(IIUM
),
Malay
si
a
and
th
e
B.
Sc.
in
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
&
El
ectroni
cs
Engi
nee
r
ing
from
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Isla
m
ic
Univer
sit
y
Chit
ta
gong
(IIU
C),
Bangl
ad
esh
and
in
2015
and
2011
re
spec
ti
v
ely
.
F
rom
2011
to
201
2,
he
worked
as
a
RF
Engi
nee
r
in
3S Net
work (B
D
)
Lt
d.
and
from
2013
to
2015
he
worked
as
rese
a
rch
assistant
in
IIUM
and
Uni
MA
P.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
include
under
wate
r
com
m
unic
at
ions,
wir
el
ess power
tra
n
sfer
and
ene
rg
y
har
vest
ing
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.