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est.
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as s
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it
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ch
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s
.
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o
t
h
er
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at
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e
ch
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ar
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a
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ta
k
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in
t
o
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co
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t
h
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c
h
ar
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ter
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o
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an
s
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itta
n
ce
o
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ab
s
o
r
b
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f
r
ar
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s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
t
h
e
m
ater
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l b
ein
g
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
1
.
1
.
H
y
per
s
pect
ra
l I
m
a
g
i
ng
Sp
e
ct
ro
s
co
py
,
re
m
o
t
e
s
ens
i
ng
a
nd
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m
a
g
ing
ind
e
x
es
Mo
s
t
o
f
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
o
ad
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
em
o
te
s
e
n
s
in
g
u
s
ed
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m
a
g
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
n
co
lo
r
im
a
g
es
,
lik
e
r
ec
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
i
n
g
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
h
ill
c
li
m
b
i
n
g
f
o
r
clas
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
i
m
a
g
e
[
5
]
.
An
o
t
h
er
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
lo
r
-
b
ased
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
m
ater
ial
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
class
i
f
ica
tio
n
w
er
e
u
s
ed
te
x
t
u
r
e
-
b
ased
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
So
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
h
y
p
er
-
s
p
ec
t
r
al
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
a
n
d
r
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
in
g
d
ata
in
u
r
b
an
r
o
ad
m
ater
ials
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
w
er
e
a
v
ailab
le
.
A
n
ea
r
l
y
l
ib
r
ar
y
o
f
h
y
p
er
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata
o
f
u
r
b
an
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
m
ater
ials
h
ad
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
[
2
]
.
C
ateg
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
u
r
b
an
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
m
ater
ial
s
th
at
r
elate
to
h
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
e
m
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
as
u
s
ed
to
ass
e
s
s
th
e
r
o
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
(
asp
h
alt
r
o
ad
)
f
o
r
th
e
ag
i
n
g
an
d
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
h
alt
r
o
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
h
y
p
er
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
O
th
er
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
co
m
m
o
n
to
u
r
b
an
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
m
ater
ial
w
er
e
cla
y
t
h
at
as
p
ar
t
o
f
s
o
il
-
m
i
x
an
d
ca
lciu
m
ca
r
b
o
n
ate
t
h
at
as
p
ar
t
o
f
co
n
cr
ete
m
i
x
,
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
h
y
p
er
-
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata
b
o
th
in
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
an
d
air
b
o
r
n
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
i
s
a
v
ailab
le
[
1
0
]
.
So
il
is
an
o
th
er
asp
ec
t
o
f
u
r
b
an
la
n
d
s
c
ap
e,
h
yp
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata
o
f
w
ater
p
r
esen
ce
i
n
s
o
il
w
as
co
llected
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
w
as
t
h
at
th
e
l
o
n
g
er
th
e
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
,
t
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
w
ater
s
p
ec
tr
a
in
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
o
il
-
w
ater
m
i
x
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
h
o
r
ter
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
eg
io
n
w
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s
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o
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m
p
ac
ted
m
u
ch
b
y
t
h
e
w
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ter
p
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ce
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co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
lo
n
g
er
in
f
r
a
r
ed
w
av
e.
An
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
[
1
2
]
a
d
d
ed
th
e
r
o
ad
class
i
f
icatio
n
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
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ased
o
n
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h
alt,
b
u
t
g
r
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v
el
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d
co
n
cr
etes
o
n
h
i
s
h
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
-
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
W
h
ile
ea
r
l
y
co
m
p
ar
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s
o
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u
s
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P
av
e
m
e
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t
C
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n
d
itio
n
I
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d
ex
(
P
C
I
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d
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ct
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r
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I
n
d
ex
(
SI)
w
as
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v
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le
,
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th
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m
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ar
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o
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t
h
at
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Ag
g
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ate
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E
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,
M
u
n
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el
Gr
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Scale
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d
De
g
r
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f
asp
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alt
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ta
g
e
w
it
h
th
e
H
y
p
e
r
s
p
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tr
al
d
ata
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
er
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
1
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
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I
m
a
g
ing
I
n
dex
e
s
f
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Urba
n Ro
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M
a
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p
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s
m
u
lt
i
-
s
p
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tr
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r
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r
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ad
m
ater
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v
i
s
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n
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
u
r
b
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r
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ad
m
ater
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b
y
i
m
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i
n
d
ex
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in
t
h
e
r
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n
g
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f
7
0
0
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m
to
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0
n
m
,
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
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r
y
u
r
b
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r
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ater
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:
cla
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ates,
n
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co
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An
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m
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h
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class
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th
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r
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r
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at
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as
s
h
o
w
n
i
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tab
le
1
,
th
i
s
is
th
e
b
ase
o
f
t
h
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m
ap
p
i
n
g
o
f
f
o
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r
m
ater
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g
r
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u
p
f
r
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m
t
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lib
r
ar
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s
p
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tr
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d
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b
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A
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AVI
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d
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U
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[
1
5
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T
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An
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class
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T
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1
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Un
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Sa
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5
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ates
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s
a
n
d
s
an
d
r
o
ck
s
)
,
co
n
cr
etes,
d
r
y
n
at
u
r
al
f
ib
er
(
leav
es
a
n
d
w
o
o
d
s
)
an
d
asp
h
alt/b
it
u
m
in
o
u
s
m
ater
ial
as
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
a
k
e
-
u
p
o
f
r
o
ad
m
ater
ials
an
d
its
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Veg
eta
ti
o
n
,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
p
ar
t o
f
r
o
ad
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
,
w
as
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
s
co
p
e,
as ND
VI
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ar
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
i
n
ce
b
ac
k
in
th
e
7
0
s
.
C
o
n
cr
ete,
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
u
r
b
an
r
o
ad
m
ater
ial,
is
a
m
ix
o
f
s
ev
er
al
o
t
h
er
m
a
ter
ials
.
A
t
y
p
ical
co
n
cr
ete
m
a
y
t
a
k
e
1
0
to
1
5
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
ce
m
e
n
t,
6
0
to
7
5
p
er
ce
n
t
ag
g
r
eg
ate
s
,
1
5
to
2
0
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
w
ater
an
d
5
to
8
p
er
ce
n
t
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
air
.
L
i
m
es
to
n
e,
o
r
k
n
o
w
n
as
ca
lciu
m
ca
r
b
o
n
ate
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
(
C
aCO3
)
,
h
as
a
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
h
y
d
r
atio
n
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
e
ce
m
e
n
t
alo
n
g
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
m
i
n
er
als
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ce
m
en
t’
s
n
ea
r
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
p
atter
n
is
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
h
i
g
h
l
y
b
y
ag
g
r
eg
a
tes
a
n
d
m
in
o
r
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ten
ce
o
f
li
m
esto
n
e.
L
i
m
esto
n
e
(
C
aCO3
)
h
a
s
d
is
ti
n
ct
s
p
ec
tr
al
at
1
4
1
0
n
m
,
8
7
0
n
m
an
d
7
1
0
n
m
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ested
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
c
h
w
a
s
8
7
0
n
m
a
n
d
7
1
0
n
m
,
as
t
h
is
is
w
it
h
i
n
n
ea
r
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
it
h
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
a
s
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
f
ca
m
er
a
u
s
ed
.
.
R
o
ad
asp
h
alt
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
i
n
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
n
m
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
it
h
ad
d
is
tin
ct
l
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
p
latea
u
w
ith
v
eg
etatio
n
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
n
m
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
s
h
o
w
n
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
th
at
it
w
a
s
d
is
ti
n
ctl
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
r
o
ad
asp
h
alt
a
n
d
co
n
cr
ete.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
lo
o
k
ed
at
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
asp
h
al
t
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
n
t
h
e
asp
h
al
t
r
o
ad
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
h
ap
p
en
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
asp
h
alt
r
o
ad
ag
i
n
g
an
d
d
et
er
io
r
atio
n
.
Asp
h
alt
m
ater
ial
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
ad
w
i
ll
d
i
m
in
is
h
an
d
e
x
p
o
s
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
t
h
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ates/
g
r
a
v
els.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
o
n
ce
t
h
e
asp
h
a
lt
m
ater
ia
l
r
e
m
o
v
ed
,
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
4
0
0
n
m
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
cl
o
s
e
to
g
r
a
v
el
’
s
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
m
o
r
e
g
r
av
el/a
g
g
r
eg
ates
ex
p
o
s
ed
o
u
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
E
x
p
o
s
ed
A
g
g
r
eg
a
te
I
n
d
ex
o
f
t
h
e
asp
h
alt
-
r
o
ad
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
Ag
g
r
eg
ate
s
ar
e
th
e
m
ai
n
m
ate
r
ial
m
ak
e
-
u
p
o
f
co
n
cr
ete
an
d
r
o
ad
asp
h
alt.
I
t
h
as
a
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
at
lo
n
g
er
in
f
r
ar
ed
w
av
e
s
,
a
th
er
m
al
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
eg
io
n
,
at
ar
o
u
n
d
9
0
0
0
n
m
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
[
1
9
]
.
As
it
h
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ar
ag
r
ap
h
,
it h
a
s
s
i
m
ilar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
n
b
et
w
e
en
asp
h
al
t a
n
d
co
n
cr
ete.
C
la
y
p
r
esen
t
s
i
n
s
o
il
alo
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
g
g
r
e
g
ates
a
n
d
o
th
er
m
i
n
er
a
ls
.
E
s
ti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
o
f
cla
y
a
n
d
C
aCO3
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
w
a
s
in
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
1
0
0
n
m
t
o
2
4
0
0
n
m
[
2
0
]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
o
f
cla
y
co
n
tain
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
t
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
-
1000nm
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
k
ao
li
n
ite
cla
y
w
h
er
e
t
h
is
i
s
a
th
e
ab
u
n
d
an
c
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
s
o
ils
i
n
tr
o
p
ical
ar
ea
.
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
lan
ts
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
to
tal
o
r
g
an
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
in
s
o
il
[
2
2
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
s
h
o
o
ts
,
r
o
o
ts
an
d
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
p
lan
t
m
ater
i
al.
I
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
n
m
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
o
f
th
is
o
r
g
an
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
o
f
s
o
il
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
[
2
3
]
.
So
il,
as
in
th
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
as
p
ar
t
o
f
r
o
ad
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
m
ater
ial,
w
h
er
e
n
o
t
i
n
clu
d
ed
as
th
is
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
it
m
a
in
l
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
an
d
s
,
cla
y
a
n
d
s
ilt.
W
h
er
e
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
o
r
o
f
s
ilt
is
ca
r
b
o
n
m
ater
ial
f
r
o
m
v
eg
e
tatio
n
n
at
u
r
al
f
ib
er
s
th
at
n
o
ticea
b
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
f
r
a
r
ed
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
[
2
4
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
g
r
ed
ien
t
s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
,
clay
a
n
d
s
an
d
s
/ag
g
r
eg
ates
i
n
s
h
o
w
in
g
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
5
0
0
n
m
t
o
2
5
0
0
n
m
[
2
5
]
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
an
g
e
7
0
0
n
m
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
w
er
e
s
h
o
w
n
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
ic
o
n
l
y
,
lo
w
o
r
g
a
n
ic
w
it
h
h
ig
h
le
v
el
c
l
a
y
a
n
d
lo
w
o
r
g
an
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
lev
e
l o
f
s
a
n
d
/ag
g
r
e
g
ates.
W
ater
co
n
ten
t
in
s
o
il c
h
a
n
g
e
s
th
e
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
o
il
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
i
n
itia
l
r
esear
ch
o
n
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
w
it
h
d
r
y
m
ater
ial
s
o
f
cla
y
,
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
tes,
co
n
cr
etes,
asp
h
al
t
an
d
n
atu
r
al
p
lan
t
f
ib
er
s
.
Oth
er
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
in
f
r
ar
e
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
v
ar
iatio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
o
f
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
v
eg
e
tat
io
n
,
v
e
g
etatio
n
a
n
d
m
o
is
t
s
o
il
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
en
f
o
r
ce
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
n
ea
r
in
f
r
a
r
ed
s
p
ec
tr
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
7
1
–
1
1
7
9
1174
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
s
is
t
s
i
n
to
t
wo
p
ar
ts
,
(
1
)
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
r
esea
r
ch
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tat
io
n
a
n
d
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
i
n
d
ex
e
s
s
elec
tio
n
a
n
d
(
2
)
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tat
io
n
test
s
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
w
as
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
in
e
s
et
o
f
c
a
m
er
as
an
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
f
i
v
e
d
r
y
m
ate
r
ials
:
cla
y
,
ag
g
r
eg
a
tes,
n
at
u
r
al
f
ib
er
,
co
n
cr
etes
a
n
d
asp
h
alt
s
.
T
h
e
r
an
g
es
o
f
n
ea
r
in
f
r
a
r
ed
s
p
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m
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n
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C
D
ca
m
er
a’
s
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
li
m
itatio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
in
e
ca
m
e
r
as
w
er
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o
n
e
R
GB
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m
er
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an
d
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e
I
n
f
r
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m
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as.
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h
e
s
elec
ted
o
p
tical
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ilter
s
s
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if
icatio
n
w
a
s
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
a
s
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ec
t
in
th
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s
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ch
.
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h
er
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w
er
e
t
w
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asp
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ts
th
at
n
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d
s
to
co
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th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
tical
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ilter
s
:
s
p
ec
tr
al
ce
n
ter
an
d
Fu
ll
W
id
th
at
Hal
f
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
(
FW
HM
)
.
T
h
e
s
e
lecte
d
o
p
tical
f
i
lter
s
co
v
er
s
th
e
s
a
m
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le
r
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n
g
e
s
o
f
7
0
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m
to
1
0
0
0
n
m
th
a
t a
v
ailab
l
e
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
UV/I
R
cu
t o
p
tical
f
ilter
f
o
r
R
GB
ca
m
er
a
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
n
o
UV
o
r
I
R
in
ter
f
er
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
esu
lt
2.
7
2
0
n
m
h
i
g
h
p
ass
o
p
tical
f
il
ter
,
th
is
i
s
u
s
ed
as th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
a
n
d
3.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
7
1
0
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
1
0
n
m
.
4.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
7
3
0
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
1
0
n
m
5.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
7
5
0
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
4
0
n
m
.
6.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
8
0
0
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
1
0
n
m
.
7.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
8
7
0
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
1
0
n
m
8.
Nar
r
o
w
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
w
it
h
ce
n
ter
at
9
0
5
n
m
a
n
d
FW
HM
1
0
n
m
9.
9
5
0
n
m
h
i
g
h
p
ass
o
p
tical
f
il
ter
w
h
ic
h
w
ill b
e
cu
t o
f
f
t
h
e
ca
m
e
r
a
at
1
0
0
0
n
m
T
h
e
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
u
s
ed
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g
en
L
a
m
p
w
i
th
2
5
0
w
att.
T
h
e
h
al
o
g
en
la
m
p
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
w
i
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
t
h
at
r
ese
m
b
li
n
g
t
h
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
is
d
is
tu
r
b
ed
b
y
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h
e
p
r
esen
t
o
f
w
ater
v
ap
o
r
at
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
d
u
e
to
th
is
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
2
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w
att
h
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n
la
m
p
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o
t s
u
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t a
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t
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e
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o
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r
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o
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T
h
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th
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ir
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m
e
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t
v
ar
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w
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f
i
x
ed
:
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
at
2
7
-
2
8
C
an
d
r
o
o
m
h
u
m
id
it
y
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8
0
%.
A
s
th
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n
te
n
t
o
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wate
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e
m
a
ter
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w
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t
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h
e
e
x
p
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i
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en
t,
t
h
e
m
ater
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s
s
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o
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th
i
s
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d
r
y
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ater
ia
ls
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i
th
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
at
l
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ast
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h
r
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r
s
o
f
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p
o
s
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r
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alo
g
e
n
la
m
p
s
.
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h
e
r
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ch
in
s
tr
u
m
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n
tatio
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s
h
o
w
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i
n
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
w
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co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
P
C
w
h
er
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M
A
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L
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u
s
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d
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th
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v
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e
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a
m
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1
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ca
lcu
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
1
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.
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h
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g
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o
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m
et
h
o
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o
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s
:
1.
E
v
er
y
m
ater
ial
o
b
j
ec
t w
a
s
p
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d
in
th
e
t
w
o
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id
d
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o
x
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t th
e
te
m
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late
2.
I
m
ag
e
i
s
tak
e
n
at
1
5
x
1
5
p
ix
els at
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
x
.
T
h
is
is
a
g
r
a
y
lev
el
i
m
a
g
e,
ex
ce
p
t
th
e
o
n
e
R
GB
ca
m
er
a
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
)
r
ig
h
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
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N:
2
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8
8
-
8708
Urb
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teri
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it
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e
ls
v
alu
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w
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e
ca
lc
u
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an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
4.
1
0
s
am
p
le
s
p
er
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
C
la
y
,
Ag
g
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ates,
Nat
u
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al
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er
,
C
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n
cr
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t v
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s
co
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&
t
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p
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n
d
asp
h
alt
at
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u
s
q
u
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y
A
t
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e,
th
e
ex
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i
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
5
m
ater
ial
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te
g
o
r
ies,
1
0
s
a
m
p
les
ea
ch
,
3
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
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m
/s
h
ap
es.
E
x
a
m
p
le
f
o
r
ag
g
r
e
g
ates
w
er
e
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
a
n
d
s
,
r
o
ck
s
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n
d
r
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tile
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
On
th
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le
f
t i
s
th
e
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s
t
r
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
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n
g
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d
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n
t
h
e
r
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h
t i
s
n
i
n
e
ca
m
er
as a
n
d
it
s
ass
o
ciate
d
o
p
tical
f
ilter
s
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
m
eth
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f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
1
.
Nea
r
in
f
r
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g
i
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izatio
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m
7
2
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ilter
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R
o
p
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(
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v
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o
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(
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(
2
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e
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th
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2
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k
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.
T
h
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s
h
o
w
n
i
n
s
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tio
n
3
.
1
.
3.
B
o
x
-
p
lo
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
ater
ial
ca
teg
o
r
y
f
o
r
all
1
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s
am
p
les
w
a
s
co
llected
to
v
is
u
alize
t
h
e
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
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ch
m
ater
ial
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te
g
o
r
y
.
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r
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ar
is
o
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m
e
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ata
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s
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m
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Dif
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I
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-
No
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m
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Di
f
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Gr
ee
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R
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d
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e
-
R
ed
as
s
tated
in
t
h
e
Fo
g
ler
’
s
R
ep
o
r
t [
2
5
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
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s
s
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tio
n
f
o
r
f
iv
e
u
r
b
an
r
o
ad
m
ater
ial
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
s
ev
en
i
n
d
ex
e
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
b
o
x
-
p
lo
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llected
w
a
s
ca
lcu
la
ted
u
s
i
n
g
NDVI
,
N
DGR an
d
NDB
R
as c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
3
.
1
.
E
x
peri
m
e
nta
t
io
n Re
s
ults
T
h
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
d
r
y
n
at
u
r
al
f
i
b
er
s
/leav
es,
asp
h
alt/b
it
u
m
en
,
co
n
cr
etes,
ag
g
r
e
g
ates,
an
d
cla
y
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
Fig
u
r
e
s
v
i
s
u
alize
t
h
e
p
atter
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ly
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s
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ig
u
r
e
5.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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N:
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2
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is
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s
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s
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.
1
.
f
o
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ar
r
o
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f
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n
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s
.
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n
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6
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a
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lt o
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s
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tio
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3
.
2
.
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
est o
f
in
d
e
x
es a
n
d
f
o
r
all
f
i
v
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
:
1.
Asp
h
alt/B
it
u
m
en
a
n
d
co
n
cr
ete
&
ag
g
r
eg
ate
w
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e
clea
r
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
ab
le
2.
C
o
n
cr
ete
an
d
.
ag
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g
ate
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in
d
is
ti
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s
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le,
th
er
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o
r
e
it
m
a
y
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ee
d
to
f
i
n
d
an
o
th
er
i
n
d
ex
o
r
in
d
ex
(
es)
3.
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la
y
a
n
d
ag
g
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eg
ate/c
o
n
cr
ete
w
er
e
d
if
f
er
en
t v
al
u
e
r
an
g
es b
u
t c
lo
s
e
4.
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
an
d
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h
alt/b
it
u
m
en
w
er
e
clea
r
l
y
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
a
b
le
5.
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
an
d
co
n
cr
ete/a
g
g
r
eg
ate
w
er
e
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
ex
ce
p
t o
n
th
e
in
d
e
x
1
an
d
in
d
ex
5
6.
Natu
r
al
f
ib
er
an
d
cla
y
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
at
in
d
ex
2
an
d
3
,
m
in
o
r
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
at
in
d
ex
1
a
n
d
7
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ab
le
at
in
d
e
x
4
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
iv
e
to
i
d
en
tify
th
e
f
iv
e
u
r
b
an
r
o
ad
m
ater
ial
s
w
as
y
et
m
et,
as
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
an
d
co
n
cr
ete
w
er
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
.
An
o
th
er
in
d
ex
n
ee
d
to
b
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p
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p
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e
d
to
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g
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t
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t
w
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m
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t
u
r
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r
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ad
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ater
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,
as
b
o
th
th
e
u
r
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ad
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ater
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h
a
v
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d
if
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m
ater
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ar
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t
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p
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f
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f
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co
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f
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tab
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.
W
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ten
tial
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h
at
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ar
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o
w
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d
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f
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h
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v
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e
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7
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
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p
o
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u
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s
y
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to
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y
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an
r
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ad
m
ater
ial
s
b
y
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m
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i
n
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in
d
ex
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h
as
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.
Sp
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at
9
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f
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ater
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T
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-
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4
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4
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B
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
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1
–
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9
1178
class
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f
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m
et
h
o
d
o
r
v
is
u
aliza
tio
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.
Ho
w
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ate.
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th
p
r
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s
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m
a
g
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g
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n
d
ex
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s
(
NDVI
,
ND
GR
an
d
NDB
R
)
,
a
co
llectio
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o
f
n
ar
r
o
w
b
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d
an
d
in
f
r
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ed
o
n
l
y
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m
a
g
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g
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n
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ex
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s
w
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s
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u
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r
.
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h
er
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e,
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is
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ea
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ili
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e
s
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
r
o
ad
m
ater
ia
ls
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
er
e
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
g
r
an
t
f
r
o
m
ce
n
tr
al
r
esear
c
h
f
u
n
d
o
f
S
wis
s
Ger
m
a
n
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
(
SGU)
.
A
to
k
e
n
o
f
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
as
w
ell
f
o
r
th
e
ass
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
SGU
ac
a
d
em
ic
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
er
v
ice
s
an
d
it
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
r
esear
ch
ce
n
ter
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ro
se
n
z
w
e
i
g
J,
B
a
rtl
M
,
―
A
Re
v
iew
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
o
n
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
Driv
in
g
‖,
E
-
J
o
u
rn
a
l
M
a
k
in
g
-
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
He
ro
ld
M
,
G
a
rd
n
e
r
M
,
Ha
d
le
y
B,
Ro
b
e
rts
D,
“
T
h
e
S
p
e
c
tra
l
Dime
n
sio
n
in
Ur
b
a
n
la
n
d
Co
v
e
r
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
fr
o
m
Hig
h
-
Res
o
lu
ti
o
n
O
p
ti
c
a
l
Rem
o
te S
e
n
si
n
g
D
a
t
a
”,
I
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
3
r
d
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
re
m
o
te S
e
n
sin
g
o
f
Urb
a
n
A
re
a
s
2
0
0
2
J
u
n
(
Vo
l.
6
,
p
.
2
0
0
2
)
.
[3
]
F
o
g
ler
RJ,
―
M
u
lt
i
-
a
n
d
Hy
p
e
r
-
sp
e
c
tral
S
e
n
sin
g
f
o
r
A
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
G
ro
u
n
d
V
e
h
icle
N
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
‖
,
S
a
n
d
ia
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
L
a
b
s.
2
0
0
3
Ju
n
1
:2
5
-
9.
[4
]
Ko
su
g
i
Y,
M
u
ra
se
T
,
A
sa
n
o
T
,
Uto
K,
T
a
k
a
g
ish
i
S
,
M
o
rig
u
c
h
i
M
,
―
S
e
n
si
n
g
On
-
ro
a
d
Ob
jec
ts
b
y
In
f
ra
re
d
Hy
p
e
r
S
p
e
c
tru
m
,
S
EI
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Re
v
ie
w
,
2
0
1
0
A
p
r
(
7
0
):
1
1
0
-
4.
[5
]
Ch
a
n
d
a
n
a
B,
S
rin
iv
a
s
K,
Ku
m
a
r
RK
,
―
Clu
ste
ri
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
Co
m
b
in
e
d
w
it
h
Hill
C
li
m
b
in
g
f
o
r
Clas
sif
ic
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Re
m
o
te S
e
n
sin
g
I
m
a
g
e
‖,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
4
De
c
1
;4
(6
):
9
2
3
.
[6
]
Ku
m
a
r
P
V
,
P
u
l
lela
S
V,
Ku
m
a
r
S
R,
M
a
d
h
u
ri
N,
De
v
i
M
U,
―
S
to
n
e
Im
a
g
e
Cla
ss
i
f
ica
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
O
v
e
rlap
p
e
d
5
-
b
i
t
T
-
P
a
tt
e
rn
s o
c
c
u
rre
n
c
e
o
n
5
-
by
-
5
S
u
b
Im
a
g
e
s
‖,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
6
Ju
n
1
;6
(
3
):1
1
5
2
.
[7
]
F
a
h
ru
r
o
z
i
A
,
M
a
d
e
n
d
a
S
,
Ern
a
st
u
ti
E
,
Ke
ra
m
i
D,
―
W
o
o
d
Clas
sif
ica
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
E
d
g
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
T
e
x
tu
re
F
e
a
tu
re
s
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
‖
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
2
0
1
6
Oc
t
1
;6
(
5
)
:
2
1
6
7
-
75.
[8
]
He
ro
ld
M
,
Ro
b
e
rts
D,
S
m
a
d
i
O,
No
ro
n
h
a
V
,
“
Ro
a
d
Co
n
d
i
ti
o
n
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
wit
h
Hy
p
e
rs
p
e
c
tra
l
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
”,
In
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s o
f
th
e
2
0
0
4
A
V
IRIS
w
o
rk
sh
o
p
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
4
.
[9
]
He
ro
ld
M
,
R
o
b
e
rts
D,
N
o
ro
n
h
a
V
,
S
m
a
d
i
O,
―
Im
a
g
in
g
S
p
e
c
tro
m
e
tr
y
a
n
d
A
sp
h
a
lt
Ro
a
d
S
u
rv
e
y
s
‖,
T
ra
n
sp
o
rta
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
Pa
rt C:
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
2
0
0
8
A
p
r
3
0
;
1
6
(
2
):
1
5
3
-
66.
[1
0
]
Go
m
e
z
C,
L
a
g
a
c
h
e
rie
P
,
Co
u
l
o
u
m
a
G
,
―
Co
n
ti
n
u
u
m
Re
m
o
v
a
l
V
e
rsu
s
P
L
S
R
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Cla
y
a
n
d
Ca
lciu
m
Ca
rb
o
n
a
te
Co
n
ten
t
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
a
n
d
A
irb
o
rn
e
Hy
p
e
rsp
e
c
tral
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
‖,
Ge
o
d
e
rm
a
.
2
0
0
8
De
c
1
5
;
1
4
8
(2
):
1
4
1
-
8.
[1
1
]
P
h
il
p
o
t
W
, ―
S
p
e
c
tra
l
Reflec
ta
n
c
e
o
f
W
e
tt
e
d
S
o
il
s
”
,
In
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
A
S
D an
d
IEE
E
G
RS
2
0
1
0
F
e
b
2
3
(
V
o
l
.
2
)
.
[1
2
]
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
M
,
―
Ro
a
d
Clas
sif
i
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
De
term
in
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
Hy
p
e
rsp
e
c
tral
I
m
a
g
e
ry
‖
,
In
t.
Arc
h
.
Ph
o
t
o
g
r
a
mm
.
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
s
,
S
p
a
ti
a
l
In
f
.
S
c
i.
2
0
1
2
Ju
l;
3
9
:B7
.
[1
3
]
M
e
i
A
,
M
a
n
z
o
C
,
Ba
ss
a
n
i
C,
S
a
lv
a
to
ri
R,
A
ll
e
g
rin
i
A
,
―
Bit
u
m
e
n
Re
m
o
v
a
l
De
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
n
A
sp
h
a
lt
P
a
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
Dig
it
a
l
Im
a
g
in
g
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
S
p
e
c
tral
A
n
a
l
y
sis
‖,
Op
e
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
ied
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
2
0
1
4
M
a
y
1
3
;2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
M
e
i
A
,
S
a
lv
a
to
ri
R,
F
io
re
N,
A
ll
e
g
rin
i
A
,
D'
A
n
d
re
a
A
,
―
In
teg
ra
t
io
n
o
f
F
ield
a
n
d
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
S
p
e
c
tral
Da
ta
w
it
h
M
u
lt
i
-
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
Re
m
o
te
S
e
n
se
d
Im
a
g
e
r
y
f
o
r
A
sp
h
a
lt
S
u
rf
a
c
e
D
iff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
‖,
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
si
n
g
,
2
0
1
4
M
a
r
2
6
;
6
(4
):
2
7
6
5
-
8
1
.
[1
5
]
Ro
u
se
Jr J,
Ha
a
s RH,
S
c
h
e
ll
JA
,
De
e
rin
g
DW
,
―
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
V
eg
e
t
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
in
th
e
Gr
e
a
t
Pl
a
in
s
wit
h
ER
T
S
”
.
[1
6
]
M
a
tsc
h
e
i
T
,
L
o
th
e
n
b
a
c
h
B,
G
las
se
r
F
P
,
―
T
h
e
Ro
le
o
f
Ca
lciu
m
Ca
rb
o
n
a
te
i
n
Ce
m
e
n
t
H
y
d
ra
ti
o
n
‖,
Ce
me
n
t
a
nd
Co
n
c
re
te R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
2
0
0
7
A
p
r
3
0
;
3
7
(
4
):5
5
1
-
8.
[1
7
]
Ho
rg
n
ies
M
,
Ch
e
n
JJ
,
Bo
u
il
lo
n
C,
―
Ov
e
r
v
ie
w
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
u
se
o
f
F
o
u
rier
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
In
f
ra
r
e
d
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
to
S
tu
d
y
Ce
m
e
n
ti
ti
o
u
s
M
a
teria
ls
‖,
W
IT
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
2
0
1
3
J
u
n
4
;7
7
:
2
5
1
-
6
2
.
[1
8
]
He
ro
ld
M
,
R
o
b
e
rts
D
,
―
S
p
e
c
tral
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
A
sp
h
a
lt
Ro
a
d
Ag
in
g
a
n
d
De
terio
ra
ti
o
n
:
I
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s f
o
r
Re
m
o
te
-
se
n
sin
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
‖
,
A
p
p
l
ied
O
p
ti
c
s
,
2
0
0
5
Ju
l
1
0
;4
4
(2
0
):
4
3
2
7
-
3
4
.
[1
9
]
Kitam
u
ra
R,
P
il
o
n
L
,
Jo
n
a
sz
M
,
―
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
n
sta
n
ts
o
f
S
il
ica
G
la
ss
f
ro
m
Ex
tr
e
m
e
Ultrav
io
l
e
t
to
fa
r
I
n
f
ra
re
d
a
t
n
e
a
r
Ro
o
m
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
‖
,
Ap
p
li
e
d
o
p
t
ics
,
2
0
0
7
N
o
v
2
0
;4
6
(3
3
):8
1
1
8
-
3
3
.
[2
0
]
L
a
g
a
c
h
e
rie
P
,
Ba
re
t
F
,
F
e
re
t
JB,
Ne
tt
o
JM,
R
o
b
b
e
z
-
M
a
ss
o
n
JM
,
―
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
o
il
Clay
a
n
d
Ca
lciu
m
Ca
rb
o
n
a
te
u
sin
g
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
,
F
ield
a
n
d
A
ir
b
o
r
n
e
H
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
tral
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
‖,
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
o
f
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
,
2
0
0
8
M
a
r
1
8
;
1
1
2
(3
):
8
2
5
-
3
5
.
[2
1
]
S
a
ik
ia
BJ,
P
a
rt
h
a
sa
ra
t
h
y
G
,
―
F
o
u
rier
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
In
f
ra
re
d
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
ic
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
K
a
o
li
n
i
te
f
ro
m
A
ss
a
m
a
n
d
M
e
g
h
a
lay
a
,
No
rth
e
a
ste
rn
In
d
ia
‖,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
o
d
e
rn
Ph
y
sic
s
,
2
0
1
0
Oc
t
2
9
;1
(
0
4
)
:2
0
6
.
[2
2
]
USDA
N
a
tu
ra
l
Re
so
u
rc
e
s
Co
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
S
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