Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
482
3
~
4828
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v8
i
6
.
pp
482
3
-
48
28
4823
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Hyster
esis Lo
ops fo
r Ma
gn
etoelectric
Multi
ferroic
s Usin
g
Landau
-
Khal
atnikov Th
eory
Vincensius
G
una
w
an
,
N
gu
r
ah
A
yu
Ketu
t Umia
ti
Ph
y
sics
Dep
art
m
ent
,
Facu
lty
of
Scie
n
ce
s
and
Mat
hemati
cs,
Dipon
egor
o
Univer
si
t
y
,
Indone
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r
8
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Jun
2
9
, 201
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
22
, 2
01
8
W
e
pre
sent
a
the
ore
t
ic
a
l
discu
ss
ion
of
the
hy
stere
sis
in
m
agne
toelectri
c
m
ult
ife
rroi
cs
with
bi
-
quadr
a
ti
c
m
agne
toe
l
ec
tr
ic
coupl
ing.
T
he
ca
l
cul
a
ti
ons
were
per
form
ed
b
y
emplo
y
ing
La
ndau
-
Kha
la
tn
i
kov
equa
ti
on
of
m
oti
on
for
both
the
f
err
oe
lectr
i
c
and
f
err
om
agne
t
ic
phas
e,
t
hen
solve
i
t
sim
ult
an
eous
l
y
.
In
m
agne
toe
l
ectr
ic,
we
obt
ai
n
four
t
y
p
es
o
f
h
y
ste
resis:
f
err
oelec
t
ric
h
y
ster
esis,
fer
ro
m
agne
ti
c
h
y
ster
esis
and
two
ty
pes
of
cro
ss
h
y
ster
esis
(el
e
ct
ri
c
fi
el
d
ver
sus
m
agne
tization
and
m
a
gnet
i
c
fi
el
d
ve
rsus
el
ec
tr
i
c
pola
ri
za
t
ion).
Th
e
cro
ss
h
y
s
te
r
esi
s
has
butt
erf
l
y
s
hape
whi
ch
agr
e
e
with
the
result
from
the
pre
vious
rese
ar
c
h.
It
ca
n
al
so
be
see
n
from
tha
t
h
y
ster
esis,
tha
t
m
agne
t
iz
a
tion
/
el
ectric
po
l
ari
z
at
ion
c
an
not
be
fli
pped
int
o
t
he
opposite
dire
c
ti
on
using
ext
ern
al
e
lectr
i
c
/
m
agne
tic
fi
eld
when
the
m
a
gnet
oe
le
c
tri
c
coup
li
ng
is
bi
-
quadr
atic
t
y
pe
.
Overa
ll
,
the
result
show
s
tha
t
La
nd
au
-
Khala
tn
ikov
equ
at
ion
is
able
to
a
pproximate
h
y
s
t
ere
sis
loops
in
m
ult
ife
rroi
cs
s
y
stem
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Cros
s
i
nteracti
on
Histe
resis
l
oops
Lan
dau
-
K
halat
nikov
t
he
or
y
Ma
gn
et
oelect
ric
m
ult
iferroics
Ma
t
erial
r
esp
onse
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Vince
ns
ius
Gu
naw
a
n,
Ph
ysi
cs
Dep
a
rt
m
ent, F
acult
y
of Sciences
and Mat
hem
at
ic
s
,
Dipone
gor
o U
niv
e
rsity
,
Jl. Prof S
oe
dart
o,
Tem
balang,
Sem
aran
g, I
ndon
e
sia
.
Em
a
il
: go
ena
ngie
@f
isi
ka.und
ip.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Hyste
resis
is
a
ph
e
no
m
enon
w
her
e
the
pr
ese
nt
co
nd
it
ion
is
strongl
y
dep
en
de
d
on
the
past
ci
rcu
m
sta
nce
[1
]
.
This
t
rend
can
be
f
ound
i
n
f
unct
ion
al
m
at
erial
su
ch
a
s
for
ex
am
ple:
m
agn
et
ic
m
a
ter
ia
l
[2
]
,
[
3],
ferro
el
ect
r
ic
s
[4
]
an
d
se
m
ic
on
duct
ors
[
5].
Th
e
hyste
re
sis
curves
s
ho
w
the
res
pons
e
of
m
at
erial
s
wh
en
a
n
ex
te
r
nal
stim
ul
at
ion
is
app
li
e
d.
I
n
m
agn
et
ic
s,
a
hyste
resis
curve
il
lustrate
s
the
beh
a
vior
of
m
agn
et
iz
at
i
on
due
to
the
a
pp
li
e
d
exter
nal
m
agnet
ic
fiel
d.
The
hyste
resis
of
fe
rroelec
tric
s
ex
pr
ess
es
the
effe
ct
of
an
el
ec
tr
ic
fiel
d
to
the
pola
rizat
ion
.
He
nce,
the
stud
y
of
hyste
resis
of
t
he
fun
ct
ion
al
m
at
eria
ls
is
ve
ry
im
po
rtant
to
un
der
st
an
d
the
char
act
e
ri
sti
c
of
the
relat
e
d
m
a
te
rial
s.
It
is
the
basic
s
te
p
befor
e
fun
ct
ion
al
m
a
te
rial
s
can
be
util
iz
ed
in
m
any
app
li
cat
ion
s
suc
h
a
s
f
or
exam
ple:
m
ea
su
rem
ent
de
vices
[
6],
fiel
d
dr
i
ven
de
vices
[7]
,
LED
de
vices
[8
]
,
et
c
.
Ma
gn
et
oelect
ric
m
ult
iferr
oics
are
well
known
a
s
m
at
eria
l
that
p
osse
ss
bo
t
h
fe
rroele
ct
rici
ty
and
ferro
m
agn
et
ism
a
t
the
sam
e
phase
[
9
]
.
I
t
m
eans
that
the
m
at
erial
s
retai
n
el
ect
ric
pola
rizat
ion
and
th
e
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
wh
ic
h
deter
m
ine
the
pro
per
ti
es
of
m
at
erial
.
The
ferro
el
ect
rici
ty
is
relat
ed
to
the
ferro
m
agn
et
ism
through
m
a
gn
et
oelect
ric
c
ouplin
g
w
hich
respo
ns
ible
f
or
the
cr
os
s
beh
a
viour:
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
a
n
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
not
only
change
t
he
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
in
ferroe
le
ct
rics
phase,
bu
t
al
s
o
dist
urb
th
e
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
in
m
agn
et
ic
ph
ase
[
10
]
.
In
oth
e
r
way,
the
m
agn
et
i
c
fiel
d
can
be
us
e
d
to
dr
i
ve
the
e
le
ct
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
[
11
]
.
As
a
co
nse
qu
e
nce,
there
are
f
our
ty
pe
s
of
hyste
resis
for
m
agn
et
oe
le
ct
ric
m
ulti
fe
rroic
s
syst
e
m
.
First,
it
is
m
agn
et
ic
hy
ste
resis
relat
ing
m
agn
et
iz
a
tio
n
(M)
an
d
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
H
.
Sec
ond
ty
pe
is
the
el
ect
ric
hyste
resis
connecti
ng
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
risat
i
on
P
with
the
el
ect
r
ic
fiel
d
E.
T
he
third
a
nd
f
our
th
ar
e
m
agn
et
oelect
ri
c
(cross
-
ty
pe)
hyste
resis
li
nking
M
with
E
a
nd
P
with
H.
Con
si
der
i
ng
the
po
te
ntial
ap
plica
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
482
3
-
482
8
4824
of
m
ulti
fer
r
oic
m
a
te
rial
s
(f
or
exam
ple:
el
ectr
ic
fiel
d
-
co
ntr
ol
le
d
m
agn
et
ic
data
sto
rag
e
[
12]
),
t
he
stu
dy
of
t
he
hyste
resis
of th
is t
ype of m
at
e
rial
s is una
vo
i
da
ble.
A
nu
m
erical
hy
ste
resis
loop
for
ferro
el
ect
ri
cs
is
obta
ine
d
by
s
olv
i
ng
L
and
a
u
-
K
halat
ni
kov
(LKh
)
equ
at
io
n
of
m
ot
ion
w
hich
descr
i
bes
rel
axati
on
proces
ses
near
phas
e
transiti
on
[
13
]
,
wh
il
e
nu
m
erical
hyste
resis
f
or
m
agn
et
ic
(f
e
rrom
agn
et
)
is
ac
qu
i
red
us
i
ng
L
and
a
u
-
Lifs
hitz
-
Gilbe
rt
(L
LG
)
eq
uation
of
m
ot
ion
wh
ic
h
il
lustrate
s
pr
eces
sio
n
of
the
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
with
t
he
dam
pin
g
is
con
si
der
e
d
[1
4
]
,
[
1
5
].
Hen
c
e,
the
nu
m
erical
hyste
resis
f
or
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
m
ulti
fer
r
oics
can
be
cal
culat
ed
us
in
g
the
el
ect
ric
LK
h
eq
uation
of
m
ot
ion
an
d
th
e
m
agn
et
ic
LLG
eq
uatio
n
of
m
ot
ion
sim
ultan
eo
us
ly
.
H
owe
ver,
the
cal
cul
at
ion
by
com
bin
in
g
LK
h
a
nd
LL
G
equ
at
io
ns
of
m
otion
s
uch
in
[
16
]
is
t
ough
si
nce
LL
G
m
odel
requires
m
or
e
tha
n
one
e
quat
ion.
Since
obta
inin
g
hyste
resis
cu
rv
e
is
basic
ste
p
to
unde
rstan
d
the
cha
racter
ist
ic
of
the
m
a
te
rial
s,
it
is
bette
r
if
the cal
culat
io
n t
o
get
hyste
resi
s is less c
om
pli
cat
ed.
Moti
vated
by
t
he
facts
that
ca
lc
ulati
on
us
i
ng
LKh
the
ory
is
si
m
pler
than
ca
lc
ulati
on
em
pl
oying
L
LG
equ
at
io
n
of
m
otion
a
nd
al
so
there
a
re
s
om
e
stu
dies
in
m
a
gn
et
ic
syst
em
us
in
g
a
ppr
ox
i
m
at
ion
base
d
on
L
K
h
equ
at
io
n
of
m
otion
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
we
pr
op
os
e
in
this
nu
m
e
rical
stud
y
to
appro
ac
h
the
pro
bl
e
m
of
ob
ta
ini
ng
the
hyste
resis
of
the
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
m
ulti
fer
ro
ic
s
by
em
plo
yi
ng
Lan
da
u
-
Kh
al
at
ni
kov
(
LK
h)
the
or
y
f
or
bot
h
syst
e
m
s
(the
fer
r
o
el
ect
ric
an
d
m
agn
et
ic
).
In
this
pa
per
,
we
wa
nt
to
show
that
this
tr
eatm
ent
is
app
r
opriat
e
enou
gh
to
giv
e
the
init
ia
l
featur
e
,
especial
ly
for
obta
inin
g
the
cr
os
s
hyste
r
esi
s
in
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
syst
em
.
As
long as
w
e
kn
ow, t
her
e
is no
r
eport re
ga
rd
i
ng this treat
m
ent in m
ulti
fer
ro
ic
s.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
stu
dy
be
gin
s
by
set
ti
ng
t
he
ene
rg
y
den
s
it
y
of
the
m
at
e
rial
s.
Since
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
m
ul
ti
fer
ro
ic
s
com
pr
ise
of f
e
r
ro
el
ect
ric a
nd fe
rrom
agn
et
w
it
h
m
agn
et
oelect
ric co
upli
ng, the
en
e
rg
y
de
ns
it
y ca
n
be writt
en
=
+
+
(1)
wh
e
re
F
E
,
F
M
and
F
ME
re
pr
es
ent
the
energy
densi
ty
fo
r
fe
rroelec
tric
,
ferr
om
agn
et
ph
a
se
and
m
agn
et
oel
ect
ric
interact
ion.
Ba
sed
on
Lan
da
u
phen
om
eno
log
ic
al
theo
ry,
the
energy
densi
ty
of
a
syst
e
m
can
be
wr
it
te
n
as
a
po
ly
nom
ia
l
of
the
order
par
a
m
et
er
of
m
at
erial
.
Her
e,
the
energ
y
densi
ty
fo
r
fe
rroelec
tr
ic
is
rep
resen
t
ed
by
Ginz
bur
g
-
La
ndau
equati
on
w
it
h
el
ect
ric pola
rizat
ion
(
P
)
as
ord
e
r param
eter
e
xp
a
nded
un
ti
l qu
arti
c
form
as:
=
1
2
2
+
1
4
4
−
(2)
with
a
is t
em
per
at
ur
e
d
e
pe
nd
e
nt consta
nt d
e
f
ined
as
=
0
(
−
)
.
He
re,
a
0
an
d
b
in
e
q
uation
(
2) r
e
present
diele
ct
ric
sti
ffness
c
onsta
nts
wh
il
e
E
is
a
n
e
xter
nal
el
ect
ric
fiel
d.
Using
si
m
il
ar
pr
oce
dur
e,
we
determ
ine
the
energy
den
sit
y
for fer
ro
m
agn
e
t wit
h
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
(
M
)
as t
he or
der pa
ram
et
er,
in
the
f
orm
=
1
2
2
+
1
4
4
−
(3)
wh
e
re
=
0
(
−
)
is
tim
e
de
pende
nt
wit
h
0
a
nd
are
m
agn
et
ic
sti
ffn
ess
co
ns
ta
nts.
Her
e
is
Curie
tem
per
at
ur
e
for
m
agn
et
and
H
re
pr
e
sents
a
n
exte
rn
al
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d.
Ac
cordin
g
to
sym
m
et
ry
arg
um
ent,
th
e
energy
den
sit
y
repre
se
nts b
i
-
quad
rati
c co
upli
ng such
as
[19
]
,
[
20]
=
−
1
2
2
2
(4)
wh
e
re
rep
re
sents
m
agn
et
oe
le
ct
ric
coupling
c
onsta
nt,
s
hould
al
ways
exist
in
al
l
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
m
ul
ti
-
ferro
ic
s.
T
he
ne
xt
ste
p
is
perf
or
m
ed
by
subs
ti
tut
ing
the
f
orm
of
densi
ty
e
nergy
e
q
uation
(1
)
i
nto
the
L
and
a
u
-
Kh
al
at
ni
kov eq
uation o
f
m
otion
=
−
(5)
wh
e
re
is
ph
eno
m
eno
lo
gica
l
dam
pin
g
c
on
sta
nt
an
d
O
i
re
pr
ese
nts
t
he
order
pa
ram
et
er
of
the
syst
em
.
Since
m
agn
et
oelect
ri
c
m
ulti
fer
ro
ic
s
hav
e
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
(
P
)
an
d
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
(
M
)
as
t
he
order
pa
ram
et
ers,
this ste
p
yi
el
ds t
wo cou
pled
e
qu
at
io
ns suc
h as
−
1
=
+
3
−
2
−
(6
a
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Hysteresi
s
L
oo
ps
f
or
M
agnet
oe
le
ct
ric
Mu
lt
if
e
rro
ic
s
Using
L
andau
-
Kh
ala
t
ni
kov
...
(
Vince
nsi
us
Gun
awan)
4825
for fer
ro
el
ect
ri
c phase,
and
−
1
=
+
3
−
2
−
(6b)
for fer
ro
m
agn
e
t ph
a
se.
Using
rescall
ing
processes
,
we
can
wr
it
e
LKh
eq
uation
of
m
otion
s
in
e
q
uatio
n
(6
)
with
th
e
dim
ension
le
ss
po
la
rizat
io
n
p
an
d
dim
ensi
on
le
ss
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
m
.
Th
en,
the
rescall
ed
eq
uations
can
be
wr
it
te
n
i
n
the
for
m
w
hic
h
is a
ppr
opriat
e f
or
nu
m
erical
calc
ulati
on
s
as
(
1
−
∆
)
+
1
+
∆
+
1
3
+
∆
+
1
2
+
1
−
−
∆
ℇ
+
1
=
0
(7
a
)
and
(
1
−
∆
)
+
1
+
∆
+
1
3
+
∆
+
1
2
+
1
−
−
∆
ℎ
+
1
=
0
(7b)
wh
e
re
P
=
P
s
p
,
M
=
M
s
m
wit
h
P
s
an
d
M
s
represe
nt
the
sp
onta
neous
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
a
nd
la
tt
ic
e
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
.
The
e
xter
na
l
el
ect
ric
fiel
d,
the
m
agnet
ic
fiel
d
an
d
ME
co
up
li
ng
are
m
od
ifie
d
as,
ℰ
=
(
3
)
1
2
,
=
(
3
)
1
2
an
d
=
(
)
.
Her
e,
t
he
s
ubscri
pt
of
orde
r
pa
ram
e
t
er
is
relat
ed
to
the
ti
m
e
as
=
(
)
an
d
+
1
=
(
+
∆
)
.
T
he
la
st
ste
p
is
so
l
ving
the
c
oupled
L
Kh
e
qu
at
io
n
in
e
q
uatio
n
(
7a)
and
(7b
)
nu
m
erical
ly
.
I
n
this
proc
ess,
the
el
ect
ric
(
−
ℰ
)
hy
ste
resis
an
d
cr
os
s
(
−
ℰ
)
hyste
re
sis
can
be
obta
ine
d
by
set
ti
ng
the
exte
rn
al
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
to
zero
w
hi
le
var
ia
ti
ng
th
e
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
.
On
the
oth
e
r
hand,
by
set
ti
ng
the
exter
nal
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
to
zer
o
wh
il
e
va
riat
ing
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d,
we
ca
n
ge
t
m
agn
et
ic
(
−
ℎ
)
hyste
resis
an
d
cro
ss
(
−
ℎ
)
hyste
resi
s.
In
t
his
res
earc
h,
we
al
s
o
stu
dy
the
ro
le
of
m
agn
et
oelect
ri
c
co
up
li
ng
i
n
aff
ect
in
g
the
s
h
ape
of
c
ro
ss
hyste
resis
cu
r
ve.
It
can
be
perform
ed
by
so
lvin
g
the
hyste
resis
f
orm
ulas
in
sev
eral
value
s
of
the
m
agn
et
oelect
ri
c
co
up
li
ng.
I
n
pract
ic
e
,
c
hangin
g
th
e
value
s
of
th
e
c
oupling
is
ver
y
dif
f
ic
ult.
H
oweve
r
,
the
resu
lt
ca
n
be
use
d
to
predict
the
stre
ng
t
h
of
t
he
m
agn
et
oele
ct
ric
couplin
g
wh
e
n
the
m
eas
ur
em
ent
of
t
he
cro
s
s
hyste
resis is
pe
rfor
m
ed.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
In
t
his
nu
m
erical
cal
culat
ion
,
we
set
=
10
10
sta
tC
2
/
c
m
4
;
=
10
9
Oe
2
,
ty
pical
for
fe
rroele
ct
ric
an
d
ferro
m
agn
et
ic
phase
.
We
a
lso
kee
p
t
he
value
∆
=
0
.
05
;
∆
=
0
.
005
a
nd
scal
le
d
m
agn
e
toele
ct
ric
const
ant
=
5
×
10
3
.
So
luti
on
s
of
the
LK
h
e
qu
at
io
ns
of
m
ot
ion
in
e
q
ua
ti
on
(
7)
are
il
lustrate
d
in
Fi
g
ur
e
1.
We
obta
ine
d
f
our
ty
pes
of
hy
ste
resis:
(
p
-
e
)
,
(
m
-
h
)
,
(
p
-
h
)
and
(
m
-
e
)
hyst
eresis.
T
he
hyste
resis
f
or
(
p
-
e
)
in
Fig
ure
1
(
a)
a
nd
(
m
-
h
)
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1
(
c
)
ha
ve
well
known
sy
m
m
e
tric
al
sh
ape
w
her
e
t
he
e
le
ct
ric
po
la
risa
ti
on
p
and
the
m
agnet
ic
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
m
ha
ve
r
ang
e
f
r
om
ne
gative
to
posit
ive
values.
H
ence,
both
ty
pe
s
of
hyste
resis
poss
es
coer
ci
ve
fiel
ds
w
hic
h
are
re
qu
i
red
t
o
bri
ng
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
or
m
agn
et
iz
at
io
n
to
zero
value.
It
m
eans
that
the
el
ec
tric
po
la
rizat
io
n
p
is
able
to
be
flipp
e
d
int
o
the
opposit
e
directi
on
us
in
g
an
exter
nal
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
e
,
wh
il
e
the
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
m
can
be
flipp
e
d
by
ap
pl
yi
ng
an
exter
na
l
m
agn
et
ic
fie
ld
h
.
These
(
p
-
e
)
an
d
(
m
-
h
)
hyste
r
esi
s
cur
ve
s
ha
ve
sim
il
ar
sh
ape
to
the
hyste
resis
for
ferr
oe
le
ct
ric
m
a
te
rials
an
d
ferro
m
agn
et
m
at
erial
s f
r
om
the ear
li
er
resear
ches.
The
cal
culat
ed
cro
ss
(
−
)
and
(
−
ℎ
)
hyste
resis
w
hich
is
the
m
os
t
i
m
portant
fi
nd
i
ng
are
sho
w
n
in
Fig
ure
1
(
b)
and
(
d).
W
e
f
ound
that
the
sha
pe
of
hyste
res
is
cur
ves
is
ve
r
y
difer
ent
com
par
e
to
the
sh
a
pe
of
(
p
-
e
)
a
nd
(
m
-
h
)
hyste
resis
.
T
hese
cr
os
s
(
−
)
an
d
(
−
ℎ
)
hyste
resis
po
sses
butt
erf
ly
s
hap
e
with
t
he
r
ang
e
of
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
io
n
or
m
agn
et
iz
at
i
on
is
only
inv
ol
v
in
g
posit
ive
value
s.
Th
ese
nu
m
erical
resu
lt
s
qu
al
it
at
ively
agr
ee
t
o
the
res
ults
from
the
pr
evi
ou
s
e
xperi
m
ental
rep
ort
s
[21
]
,
[
22]
.
Th
e
bu
tt
er
fly
hys
te
resis
curves
i
n
Fi
g
ur
e
1
(
b)
a
nd
(
d)
do
not
ha
ve
c
oe
rcive
fiel
d
sin
ce
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
or
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
co
ul
d
no
t
be
br
ough
t
to
ze
ro
val
ue
.
It
m
eans
th
at
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
an
d
m
agn
et
ic
m
agn
et
iz
at
io
n
in
these
bu
tt
er
fly
sh
a
pe
cu
r
ves
in
Fig
ure
1
(
b) a
nd
(
d)
cou
l
d
not
be
flipp
e
d
int
o
the
opposit
e d
ir
ect
ion.
W
e
ar
gu
e
that i
t
occurs
si
nce
bi
-
qua
dr
at
ic
ty
pe
of
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
co
up
li
ng
do
e
s
not
se
ns
it
ive
to
t
he
di
re
ct
ion
of
t
he
a
ppli
ed
fiel
d
.
B
oth
of
t
he
m
agn
et
iz
at
i
on
an
d
the
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
are
i
n
qu
a
dra
ti
c
te
r
m
,
m
eans
that
the
stre
ngth
of
that pa
ram
et
ers
which is
im
po
rtant a
nd not th
e d
i
recti
on
of t
he
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
or m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
482
3
-
482
8
4826
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
1. T
he hyst
eresis
of m
agn
et
oelect
ric
m
ul
ti
fer
ro
ic
s
wi
th b
i
-
quad
rati
c co
up
li
ngs
. F
i
gure
(a
)
a
nd (
c
) a
re
il
lustrati
ng
t
he e
le
ct
ric (
p
-
e
)
hy
ste
resis an
d
t
he
m
agn
et
ic
(
m
-
h
)
h
yst
ere
sis. T
he othe
r
c
urves
s
howi
ng “c
ro
ss”
hyste
resis
wh
e
re (b
) display
s
the r
es
ponse
of m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
to
the
appli
ed
el
ect
ric fiel
d w
hile (
d)
i
nd
ic
at
es the
respo
ns
e
of pol
arizat
io
n
t
o
the
appli
ed
m
agn
e
ti
c fiel
d
We
al
so
stu
dy
the
ro
le
of
the
stren
gth
of
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
coupling
i
n
determ
ining
the
cro
ss
-
hyste
res
is
in
m
ul
ti
fer
ro
ic
s
m
at
erial
s.
The
resu
lt
s
a
re
s
hown
in
Fi
g
ure
2
with
th
e
stre
ngth
of
the
c
ou
pling
in
Fig
ure
2
(
a)
an
d
Fig
ur
e
2
(
c)
i
s
weak
e
r
than
the
couplin
g
in
Fig
ur
e
2
(
b)
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
2
(
d)
by
factor
10
-
2
.
It
can
be
seen
t
hat
th
e
respo
ns
e
of
the
m
agn
et
iz
at
i
on
or
t
he
el
ect
ric
po
la
rizat
ion
to
the
ap
plied
el
ect
ric
or
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
ds
a
re
weak
w
hen
the
stre
ngth
of
the
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
is
sm
a
ll
.
It
is
cl
e
ar
wh
e
n
t
he
el
e
ct
ric/m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
is
ap
plied
to
th
e
m
agn
et
oelect
ric
(ME)
m
ult
i
ferro
ic
s,
it
will
change
the
sta
te
of
the
el
ect
ric/m
agn
et
ic
sy
stem
sign
ific
a
ntly
.
If
the
ME
coup
li
ng
is
s
m
al
l,
t
hen
thes
e
changes
of
the
el
ect
ric/m
agn
et
ic
syst
e
m
will
on
ly
giv
e
the
sm
al
l
dist
urba
nce
to
th
e
m
agn
et
ic
/e
l
ect
ric
phase
wh
ic
h
in
tu
rn
res
ulti
ng
we
ak
respo
ns
es
of
th
e
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
/
el
ect
ric
po
la
riz
at
ion
.
T
his
ag
r
ees
with
the
ge
ner
al
fe
at
ur
e
of
m
agn
et
oele
ct
ric
m
at
erial
s:
the
cro
ss
ef
fect i
s
hardly
to
se
ns
e
if th
e
m
agn
et
oe
le
ct
ric coupling i
s wea
k.
Ov
e
rall
,
the
re
su
lt
s
sta
te
d
tha
t
the
ap
proac
h
us
in
g
La
ndau
-
Kh
al
at
ni
kov
e
qu
at
io
n
is
a
ble
to
pro
duce
a
qu
al
it
at
ively
good
predict
io
n.
T
he
s
ha
pe
of
cr
os
s
hyste
re
sis
evi
den
tl
y
s
i
m
i
la
r
to
t
he
previ
ou
s
e
xp
e
rim
ent
stud
y.
Th
e
app
roxim
ation
als
o
yi
el
ds
reas
onably
f
eat
ure
re
gard
in
g
t
o
the
stren
gth
of the
couplin
g.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Hysteresi
s
L
oo
ps
f
or
M
agnet
oe
le
ct
ric
Mu
lt
if
e
rro
ic
s
Using
L
andau
-
Kh
ala
t
ni
kov
...
(
Vince
nsi
us
Gun
awan)
4827
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
2. The
c
ro
ss
h
yst
er
esi
s
of m
agn
et
oelect
ric m
ult
iferroics wit
h bi
-
qua
dr
at
ic
c
ouplin
gs. Fig
ure
(a)
a
nd
(b)
are s
howing t
he
cr
os
s
(
m
-
e
)
hy
ste
resis. T
he bi
-
qu
a
dr
at
ic
c
ouplin
g
i
n (a)
is
sm
a
ll
er b
y fact
or 10
-
2
tha
n
t
he
couplin
g
in
(b). T
he
sim
il
ar p
at
ern
is als
o
il
lustrate
d i
n (c)
and (
d) for
cr
oss (
p
-
h
)
h
yst
e
r
esi
s.
Her
e
, th
e
stren
gth
of m
a
gn
et
oelect
ric c
ouplin
g
in
(
c
)
i
s 10
-
2
ti
m
es w
eaker
tha
n
that i
n (d)
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
researc
h,
we
pro
ve
t
hat
Lan
da
u
-
K
halat
nikov
e
qu
at
ion
of
m
otion
m
ay
be
us
ed
entirel
y
f
or
bo
t
h
ferr
oelect
ric
and
ferro
m
agn
et
ic
phase
t
o
ap
pro
xim
a
te
the
hyste
resis
of
the
m
agn
et
oe
le
ct
ric
m
ulti
fe
rroics
with
bi
-
qua
dr
a
ti
c
ph
ase.
The
appr
ox
im
at
ion
is
able
to
pr
oduce
the
‘b
utter
fly
-
sh
a
pe’
f
or
cro
ss
(
p
-
h
)
a
nd
(
m
-
e
)
hyste
resis
w
hi
ch
ag
ree
to
t
he
pr
e
vious
ex
pe
rim
ent
resu
lt
.
Hen
ce
,
this
appr
ox
im
at
ion
i
s
adequate
to
init
ia
l
stud
y
to
get
t
he
outl
ine
feat
ure
of
t
he
syst
em
bef
or
e
we
pe
rfor
m
the
det
ai
l
treatm
ent
us
ing
Lan
da
u
-
L
ifshitz
-
Gilbert e
quat
io
n for s
pin dy
na
m
ic
s in
m
agn
et
ic
syst
e
m
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
st
ud
y
is
a
pa
rt
of
th
e
resea
rch
pr
oj
ect
in
t
he
t
op
ic
of
“t
he
TM
pola
rito
ns
ge
ner
at
e
d
in
m
ul
ti
fer
ro
ic
s
”.
W
e
ac
knowle
dg
e
Fac
ulty
of
Scie
nces
a
nd
Ma
them
a
ti
cs,
Dipone
gor
o
U
niv
e
rsity
for
f
unding
this reseac
h
t
hroug
h
the
contr
act
N
o.
1646N/
UN7.5.
8/PP/
2017.
REFERE
NCE
S
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IS
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i
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2
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Vince
nsius
Gunawan
recei
v
ed
the
B.
Sc
and
M.Sc
degr
ee
s
i
n
Ph
y
sics
from
Gadja
h
Mada
Univer
sit
y
in
1
995
and
2003
,
respe
ctively
.
He
th
en
obt
ai
ned
his
PhD
in
Ph
y
sics
f
rom
The
Univer
sit
y
of
W
este
rn
Aus
tra
l
ia
in
2012
.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
working
in
Ph
ysics
Depa
rtment
,
Diponegor
o
Uni
ver
sit
y
.
His
re
sea
rch
int
er
est
i
ncl
udes
th
e
are
a
s
of
pola
ri
ton
s,
fer
roe
l
ectric
s
,
m
agne
ti
cs
and
m
ult
iferroic
s.
Ngurah
A
y
u
Ke
t
ut
Um
ia
ti
r
ec
e
iv
ed
B.
Sc
d
egr
e
e
i
n
Ph
y
sics
from
Diponegor
o
Uni
ver
sit
y
in
1998
.
La
t
er,
she
get
h
e
r
M.Sc
degr
ee
i
n
Phy
si
cs
from
Bandung
Instit
ut
e
of
Te
chno
log
y
in
2001.
She
rec
en
tly
obtaine
d
her
PhD
in
P
h
y
sics
from
Gadja
h
Mada
Univer
sit
y
in
2016.
She
is
no
w
working
in
cond
ense
d
m
at
te
r
gro
up,
Ph
y
si
cs
Depa
rtment,
Dipon
e
goro
Univer
sit
y
.
Her
rese
ar
ch
int
er
est
in
cl
ud
es
the
area
of
fer
ro
el
e
ct
ri
cs,
d
ie
l
ect
ric
s a
nd
pl
asm
on
-
poli
m
er.
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