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a
lo
t.
Z
h
a
n
g
[
3
]
r
esear
ch
ed
leu
k
o
c
y
te
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ita
l
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
i
m
ag
e
s
e
g
m
en
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e,
h
e
d
iv
id
ed
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
leu
k
o
c
y
tes
i
n
to
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
ts
.
W
h
ile
f
o
r
th
e
clas
s
if
icat
io
n
h
e
u
s
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
SVM)
.
Mo
h
ap
atr
a
[
4
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
u
s
i
n
g
s
h
ad
o
w
ed
c
-
m
ea
n
s
(
SC
M)
in
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
b
lo
o
d
m
icr
o
s
co
p
ic
im
a
g
es.
SC
M
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
class
if
y
ea
ch
p
ix
el
in
4
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
u
s
ed
to
s
ep
a
r
ate
th
e
n
u
c
leu
s
an
d
c
y
to
p
las
m
i
n
ea
c
h
s
u
b
-
i
m
a
g
e.
Ne
g
m
[
5
]
in
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
h
e
u
s
ed
a
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
in
cl
u
d
ed
p
an
el
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
K
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
n
s
o
m
e
d
ataset
s
o
n
le
u
k
i
m
ia
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
.
A
l
i
[
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
is
o
late
a
n
d
co
u
n
t
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
in
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
o
f
w
h
ite
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
ad
e
i
n
clu
d
es
ce
ll
s
e
g
m
en
tatio
n
,
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
a
n
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
c
ell
r
ec
o
g
n
it
io
n
.
R
a
w
a
t
[
7
]
,
I
n
h
is
r
esear
c
h
,
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
i
n
g
ac
u
te
l
y
m
p
h
o
b
last
ic
le
u
k
e
m
ia
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
s
e
p
ar
ates
leu
k
o
c
y
te
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
an
d
th
en
e
x
tr
ac
ts
all
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
s
id
e.
Sep
ar
atio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
Gr
ay
lev
e
l
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
m
atr
ices
(
GL
C
M)
an
d
f
o
r
m
-
b
ased
f
ea
tu
r
es.
P
r
in
y
a
k
u
p
t
[
8
]
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
eg
m
e
n
ti
n
g
w
h
ite
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
in
to
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
cle
u
s
an
d
c
y
to
p
las
m
,
ex
tr
ac
ti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
n
d
class
i
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
m
i
n
to
f
iv
e
t
y
p
es
n
a
m
el
y
b
aso
p
h
il,
eo
s
in
o
p
h
i
l,
n
eu
tr
o
p
h
il,
l
y
m
p
h
o
c
y
te,
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
c
y
te.
L
i
u
[
9
]
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ca
l
cu
lati
n
g
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
in
f
u
ll
au
to
m
atic
b
ased
o
n
h
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
m
icr
o
s
co
p
ic
i
m
a
g
es
a
n
d
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
s
p
atial
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
to
o
b
tain
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
L
i
n
[
1
0
]
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
clas
s
if
y
i
n
g
f
i
v
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
le
u
k
o
c
y
tes
u
s
i
n
g
a
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
m
u
lt
i
-
s
ca
le
r
e
g
io
n
al
g
r
o
w
th
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
m
ea
n
v
al
u
e
s
.
T
h
e
w
ay
t
o
d
o
th
i
s
i
s
t
o
ex
t
r
ac
t
t
h
e
l
eu
k
o
cy
t
e
te
x
tu
r
e
f
e
at
u
r
e
th
a
t
is
v
is
u
a
l
ly
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
c
l
ass
if
i
c
at
i
o
n
,
h
e
u
s
es
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
e
c
t
o
r
m
a
ch
in
e
(
SV
M
)
m
e
th
o
d
.
L
i
[
1
1
]
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
r
ec
o
g
n
izi
n
g
leu
k
o
c
y
tes
f
o
r
h
u
m
an
b
lo
o
d
s
m
ea
r
s
b
ased
o
n
is
lan
d
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
tex
t
u
r
e
(
I
C
T
)
.
T
h
e
w
a
y
to
d
o
th
i
s
is
to
an
al
y
s
e
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
a
ty
p
ical
clas
s
o
f
leu
k
o
c
y
te
s
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
I
C
T
m
o
d
el.
Sar
r
a
f
za
d
eh
[
1
2
]
i
n
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
h
e
u
s
ed
te
x
t
u
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
i
n
r
ec
o
g
n
izi
n
g
leu
k
o
c
y
t
es.
He
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
s
ev
e
n
ca
t
eg
o
r
ies
o
f
te
x
t
u
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
ca
te
g
o
r
y
i
n
t
h
e
cla
s
s
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
leu
k
o
c
y
te
s
.
P
o
r
cu
[
1
3
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
e
m
i
-
a
u
t
o
m
at
ic
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
ex
tr
ac
ti
n
g
all
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
an
d
ca
lcu
l
atin
g
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
i
n
d
etail.
U
m
a
m
a
h
es
w
ar
i
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
s
e
g
m
en
tin
g
n
u
clei
in
w
h
i
te
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
i
n
le
u
k
e
m
ia
id
en
ti
f
icati
o
n
.
T
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
ev
elo
p
ed
is
b
ased
o
n
O
t
s
u
's
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
i
n
g
.
Gu
p
ta
[
1
5
]
i
n
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
P
C
Seg
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
s
eg
m
e
n
ti
n
g
b
lo
o
d
p
lasm
a
ce
ll
i
m
ag
e
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
h
e
u
s
es
is
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
es
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
at
is
n
o
t
n
ee
d
ed
s
o
th
at
all
th
at
r
e
m
ain
s
is
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
th
at
d
o
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
b
lo
o
d
p
las
m
a
ce
lls
o
n
l
y
.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
also
ai
m
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
s
i
m
p
le
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
is
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
leu
k
o
c
y
te
ce
lls
,
a
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
li
m
ited
f
ac
ili
ties
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Ou
r
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
is
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
i
m
p
le
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
u
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
le
u
k
o
c
y
te
id
en
ti
f
ic
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
w
h
i
te
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
s
m
ea
r
s
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
ed
w
ith
o
u
t
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
s
etti
n
g
s
.
W
e
h
a
v
e
d
o
n
e
s
o
m
e
p
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
r
esear
ch
[
1
6
-
21
]
.
Sal
m
a
m
[
2
2
]
r
esear
ch
ed
f
ac
ial
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
in
to
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
em
o
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
ar
ti
f
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
C
ar
p
io
et
al.
,
[
2
3
]
t
h
e
y
r
esear
c
h
ed
an
au
to
m
at
ic
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
b
ac
illi
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
A
ls
o
,
ab
o
u
t
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lev
el
th
e
r
ein
o
n
th
e
s
p
u
t
u
m
s
a
m
p
le
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
tu
b
er
cu
lo
s
is
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
n
o
t
o
p
ti
m
al,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
ag
e
ar
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
w
i
th
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
il
lu
m
i
n
atio
n
s
ett
in
g
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
it
is
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
a
p
p
l
y
t
o
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
e
s
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
i
l
l
u
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
w
i
l
l
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
w
ater
s
h
ed
an
d
ac
tiv
e
co
n
to
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
o
b
tain
i
n
g
leu
k
o
c
y
te
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
w
it
h
in
p
u
t
i
m
ag
e
s
th
a
t
h
av
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
li
g
h
t i
llu
m
i
n
atio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
a
cquis
it
io
n
A
ll
t
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
ath
o
l
o
g
y
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
Ho
s
p
ital
"
Dr
.
Ma
r
g
o
n
o
So
ek
ar
d
j
o
,
"
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a,
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o
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g
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m
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I
SS
N
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2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J
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&
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p
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n
g
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.
6
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b
er
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u
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ar
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eg
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y
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m
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at
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a
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co
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a
n
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h
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is
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d
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h
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ates
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u
r
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2
s
h
o
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t
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
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&
C
o
m
p
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g
I
SS
N:
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(
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5717
Fig
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r
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2
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a)
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.
I
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a
m
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ed
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(
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
7
1
4
-
5
7
2
5
5718
(
1
,
2
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)
=
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)
+
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)
+
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2
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|
2
(
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(
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(
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A
cc
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to
(
2
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,
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e
f
ir
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t
p
ar
t
d
ef
in
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le
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p
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h
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C
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h
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in
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e;
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r
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f
µ0
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x
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i
s
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
c
u
r
v
e
s
clo
s
e
to
th
e
d
esire
d
o
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t
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u
n
d
ar
y
,
t
h
e
s
m
aller
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v
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lu
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F.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
a
n
ex
a
m
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e
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w
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ite
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
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n
-
v
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s
e
m
o
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el
ac
t
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co
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m
et
h
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.
4
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Wa
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hed seg
m
ent
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W
ater
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an
s
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ater
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n
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h
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as
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t
h
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ee
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y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
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ater
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n
m
e
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o
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to
s
ep
ar
ate
o
b
j
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ts
w
h
ich
ar
e
co
iled
s
o
th
at
o
b
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ts
ca
n
b
e
s
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ar
ated
as
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w
n
i
n
Fi
g
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r
e
4
.
R
e
f
er
r
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to
Fig
u
r
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4
,
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o
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j
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t
w
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p
r
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s
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in
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ca
n
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e
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ated
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y
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e
w
a
ter
s
h
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s
e
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m
en
tatio
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m
et
h
o
d
.
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h
is
is
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er
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u
s
e
f
u
l
w
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ca
lc
u
lati
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g
o
b
j
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ts
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s
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m
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lti
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ll
s
t
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at
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iled
w
il
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n
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a
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in
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ce
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Fig
u
r
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4
.
Sep
ar
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o
f
Ob
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t
s
C
o
in
cid
i
n
g
w
it
h
W
ater
s
h
ed
Seg
m
en
tatio
n
2
.
5
.
P
o
s
t
pro
ce
s
s
ing
T
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
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ce
s
s
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tag
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tag
e
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a
t
ai
m
s
to
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m
p
r
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v
e
th
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q
u
alit
y
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s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
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i
m
ag
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a
f
ter
th
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g
m
e
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p
r
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s
s
is
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ar
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ied
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u
t.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
s
till
allo
w
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
s
m
a
ll o
b
j
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n
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e
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u
e
to
th
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lack
o
f
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e
x
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s
s
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s
s
o
f
s
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m
e
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.
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m
ag
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m
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m
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m
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alit
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.
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s
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m
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at
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h
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-
p
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s
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in
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m
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lo
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o
p
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n
s
,
o
b
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tio
n
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m
in
a
tio
n
o
n
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h
e
b
o
r
d
er
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e,
elim
in
at
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n
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s
u
a
l
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
an
d
o
b
j
ec
t n
a
m
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
r
elimin
a
r
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
b
la
s
t c
ell
mo
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
id
e
n
tifi
ca
tio
n
…
(
R
etn
o
S
u
p
r
iya
n
ti
)
5719
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
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d
s
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o
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e
n
tatio
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ac
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r
m
e
th
o
d
.
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alcu
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n
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f
ce
ll
n
u
m
b
er
s
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
ep
ar
ati
n
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ce
ll o
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j
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ts
.
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h
e
p
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ce
s
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s
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atin
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j
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ts
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o
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b
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s
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ce
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
atio
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n
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h
e
o
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j
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t
to
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eter
m
i
n
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t
h
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ter
s
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tio
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o
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o
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j
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ts
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at
ar
e
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
.
Dis
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ce
v
al
u
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ar
e
ca
lcu
la
t
ed
f
o
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ea
ch
n
o
n
ze
r
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ix
el.
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h
e
m
o
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u
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ed
i
n
t
h
is
d
is
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ce
tr
a
n
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m
at
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m
o
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y
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m
ea
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a
s
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h
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s
.
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e
if
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e
p
ix
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is
in
ar
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4
,
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h
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is
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b
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e
b
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if
it
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w
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s
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m
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m
i
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m
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Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
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t
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lts
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e
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f
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.
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ize
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t
e
d
a
s
l
e
u
k
o
c
y
t
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
h
a
s
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
n
c
o
l
o
r
a
n
d
s
h
a
p
e
.
I
n
th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
ca
lcu
lat
i
o
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
co
n
to
u
r
s
e
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
w
a
y
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
cir
cu
m
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
th
i
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
is
to
u
s
e
eig
h
t
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
s
,
ea
ch
p
ix
el
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
w
ill
b
e
co
u
n
ted
as
a
cir
cu
m
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ec
t.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
d
iam
eter
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
lo
n
g
e
s
t
d
is
ta
n
ce
an
d
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ed
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t,
s
o
in
t
h
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
th
er
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
t
w
o
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
.
E
x
te
n
s
iv
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
co
u
n
ti
n
g
all
p
i
x
el
s
o
n
th
e
o
b
j
ec
t.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
as
th
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
w
ater
s
h
ed
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
W
e
d
id
th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
ca
lc
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
(
6
)
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
c
en
tag
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
f
r
o
m
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
ac
tiv
e
co
n
to
u
r
.
=
|
5
97
|
100%
=
5
.
15%
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
co
n
t
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
an
d
ce
ll
co
u
n
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
s
o
m
e
ca
u
s
e
s
o
f
f
ai
lu
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
ar
e:
(
a)
O
v
er
lap
p
ed
o
b
je
cts
h
a
v
e
ir
r
e
g
u
la
r
s
h
a
p
e
s
s
o
t
h
a
t
o
v
e
r
-
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
c
c
u
r
s
o
r
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
s
n
o
t
e
v
e
n
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
(
b
)
C
e
l
l
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
r
u
n
c
a
t
e
d
o
r
n
o
t
i
n
t
a
c
t
r
e
m
a
i
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
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y
h
a
v
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t
h
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s
i
z
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o
f
a
n
o
b
j
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c
t
t
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a
t
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s
a
l
m
o
s
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
a
n
i
n
t
a
c
t
c
e
l
l
o
b
j
e
c
t
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
b
o
th
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
ater
s
h
ed
s
e
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
an
d
th
e
ac
tiv
e
co
n
to
u
r
s
eg
m
e
n
tat
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
f
o
r
ea
ch
i
m
ag
e
th
at
h
a
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
t
ics
it
w
i
ll
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
ts
.
Ob
j
ec
ts
o
th
er
th
a
n
leu
k
o
c
y
te
ce
lls
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
as
w
h
ite
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
y
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
in
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
co
lo
r
an
d
s
h
ap
e.
I
m
a
g
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
atio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
W
ater
s
h
ed
Seg
m
e
n
tat
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
h
as
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
b
ein
g
ab
le
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
th
at
ar
e
h
u
d
d
led
to
g
eth
er
.
W
h
i
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
ac
tiv
e
co
n
to
u
r
,
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
o
b
j
ec
t
s
ep
ar
atio
n
ca
n
u
s
e
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
h
i
g
h
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
s
e
g
m
en
ta
tio
n
s
u
cc
ess
,
an
i
m
a
g
e
t
h
at
h
a
s
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
a
n
d
v
ar
iab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
I
n
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
c
o
n
to
u
r
m
eth
o
d
h
a
s
a
lo
w
er
er
r
o
r
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
th
an
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
w
ater
s
h
ed
s
e
g
m
en
ta
t
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
P
ath
o
lo
g
y
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
“P
r
o
f.
Dr.
Ma
r
g
o
n
o
S
o
ek
a
r
d
jo
”
H
o
s
p
ital
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
t
h
at
is
p
er
m
itted
to
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
w
as
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
Dir
e
cto
r
ate
o
f
R
esear
c
h
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
Ser
v
ice,
t
h
e
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
R
esear
c
h
,
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
R
e
p
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
"
P
en
elitia
n
Ter
a
p
a
n
"
(a
p
p
lied
r
esear
ch
)
s
ch
e
m
e
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Ha
rris,
K.
S
im
o
n
se
n
,
a
n
d
J.
M
a
c
k
a
y
,
“
Be
st
T
e
sts,”
BP
A
C
O
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
Ne
w
Zea
lan
d
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
ww
w
.
b
p
a
c
.
o
rg
.
n
z
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
D.
M
.
P
a
rk
in
,
F
.
Bra
y
,
J.
F
e
rla
y
,
a
n
d
P
.
P
isa
n
i
,
“
G
lo
b
a
l
Ca
n
c
e
r
S
ta
ti
stics
,
2
0
0
2
,
”
CA.
Ca
n
c
e
r J
.
Cli
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
-
1
0
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
W
.
H.
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
“
W
o
rld
He
a
l
th
S
tatist
ics
2
0
1
7
,
”
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
S
.
M
o
h
a
p
a
tra,
D.
P
a
tra,
a
n
d
K.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
F
a
st
leu
k
o
c
y
te
i
m
a
g
e
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
u
si
n
g
sh
a
d
o
w
e
d
se
ts,”
I
n
t.
J
.
Co
mp
u
t
.
Bi
o
l.
Dr
u
g
De
s.,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
A
.
S
.
Ne
g
m
,
O.
A
.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
H.
Ka
n
d
il
,
“
A
d
e
c
isio
n
su
p
p
o
rt
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
Ac
u
te
L
e
u
k
a
e
m
ia
c
las
sif
ica
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
ig
it
a
l
m
icro
sc
o
p
ic i
m
a
g
e
s,”
A
lex
a
n
d
ri
a
E
n
g
.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
9
-
2
3
3
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
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