Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Febr
u
a
r
y
201
6,
pp
. 40
6
~
41
2
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
1.9
345
4
06
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Augmen
ted Reality Navi
gation S
y
stem on Android
Chee Oh Ch
u
n
g,
Yilun
He,
Hoe Kyun
g Jung
Department o
f
C
o
mputer Engi
nee
r
i
ng, Pa
ic
ha
i Uni
v
e
r
si
ty
, Kor
e
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Aug 13, 2015
Rev
i
sed
No
v
17
, 20
15
Accepte
d Dec 4, 2015
With the adven
t
of the Android sy
st
em, smart ph
ones are rap
i
dly
develop
i
ng
and through the
convenien
c
y
of
accessing int
e
r
n
et on the sm
art phones, a
use
r’s l
o
c
a
t
i
on informa
t
i
on c
a
n
be
a
c
c
e
sse
d a
n
ywhe
re
a
nd a
n
y
time
e
a
s
i
l
y
.
Augmented Reality
Based Technolog
y
enables the provision of variety
inform
ation s
u
c
h
as
pictures
and
locat
i
on of buildings in the nav
i
gation field
.
Most of the
aug
m
ented reality
p
r
ogram
used to
Visual Tr
ace Method (Marker
method and Markerless Method
). For th
e Visual Trace Metho
d
, the marker
installation
and
digital information s
hould be
assigned while the Non-visual
Trace Method
requires
the us
e of h
a
rdw
a
re
(G
.P
.S
, s
e
ns
ors
et
c). M
o
s
t
navigation s
y
stems can only
sho
w
the pa
th from a user’s current location to
their dest
inat
io
n. In this pap
e
r,
th
e design
and implementation of an
augmented r
eality
progr
am
is discussed. It will u
s
e the smart pho
ne’s inbuilt
camera
and GPS to display
a user’s su
rround information in r
e
al time on th
e
sm
art phone. T
h
e proposed s
y
s
t
em
will com
b
i
n
e the G.P.S lo
cat
ion-based
techno
log
y
and
virtual tr
ace technolog
y
to p
r
ovide th
e user
with basic
information abo
u
t a building th
ey
ar
e looking fo
r or one in their
immediate
surrounding.
Keyword:
An
dr
oi
d
Aug
m
en
ted
Reality
GPS
Navi
gat
i
o
n
POI
Sens
or
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Hoe
Ky
un
g J
u
ng
,
Depa
rt
em
ent
of C
o
m
put
er E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
Paich
a
i Un
iversity,
1
55-
40
U
n
i
v
ersity
Ro
ad
, Seog
u, D
aeJeo
n, K
o
r
e
a
Em
a
il: h
k
j
u
ng@p
c
u
.
ac.kr
1.
INTRODUCTION
W
i
t
h
t
h
e a
d
ve
nt
o
f
t
h
e
A
n
d
r
oi
d sy
st
em
, sm
art
ph
one
s a
r
e ra
pi
dl
y
de
v
e
l
opi
n
g
a
n
d t
h
r
o
ug
h t
h
e
conve
n
iency
of accessing i
n
ternet
on t
h
e
sm
art phone
s, a use
r’s
loca
tion inform
ation can be ac
cessed
anywhere a
nd
anytim
e easily. Augm
ente
d reality technol
ogy can be appl
ied
in various
industries and by it
pr
om
ot
i
ng t
h
e
form
at
i
on of
a new real
i
s
t
i
c
m
e
di
a i
n
d
u
st
ry
t
h
r
o
ug
h
i
t
s
conver
g
e
n
ce wi
t
h
t
h
e
exi
s
t
i
n
g
in
du
stries, it is ex
p
ected
to b
e
fu
ll-sp
eed ah
ead
in
th
e v
a
riou
s fields o
f
ind
u
strial ap
p
licatio
n
su
ch
as
ad
v
e
rtisin
g, ed
u
cation
,
h
eal
th
car
e, m
echanical assem
b
ly,
m
i
litary
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on, a
r
ch
i
t
ect
ural
an
d
ur
ba
n
pl
an
ni
n
g
navi
g
a
t
i
on [1
-3]
.
In
particula
r
,
in orde
r to match up the
pace
of t
h
e de
velopm
ent of
the data com
m
unication
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
, t
i
m
e
and
space
l
i
m
i
t
s
have
bee
n
rem
oved a
n
d
al
so a
d
di
t
i
onal
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on ca
n
be
di
spl
a
y
e
d
on
t
h
e
user'
s
di
spl
a
y
and
by
cl
i
c
ki
n
g
o
n
a
cert
a
i
n
m
a
rk on
th
e screen, m
o
re
d
e
t
a
iled
in
form
at
i
o
n is
d
i
sp
layed
.
Th
e
au
g
m
en
ted
reality ter
m
in
al i
s
b
e
i
n
g co
n
s
i
d
ered fo
r
u
s
e
no
t
o
n
l
y in smart pho
n
e
s
b
u
t
in
po
rtab
le co
n
s
o
l
e
gam
e
s, navi
gat
i
on sy
st
em
s t
o
o beca
use t
h
ey
can ha
ve t
h
e
cam
e
ra, G.
P.S,
com
m
uni
cat
i
o
n,
di
spl
a
y
et
c can
b
e
ope
rat
e
d
on t
h
em
. Howe
ve
r,
t
h
e G.P.
S sy
st
em
can di
spl
a
y in
real ti
me
a u
s
er’s cu
rren
t
lo
catio
n
to th
eir
d
e
stin
ation
o
n
l
y wh
ich
is a
li
mited
serv
ice. Also
, t
h
e
us
er cannot sele
ct areas
or
buildings t
h
at are not
di
spl
a
y
e
d
on t
h
e scree
n
. D
u
e t
o
t
h
i
s
ki
nd
of s
h
o
r
t
com
i
ngs, t
h
e u
s
er h
a
s t
o
up
dat
e
t
h
e na
vi
gat
i
o
n sy
st
em
whi
c
h at
t
i
m
es
m
i
ght
re
qui
re s
o
m
e
fees t
o
do
so.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r, a n
a
v
i
g
a
tion
syste
m
th
at u
s
es tag
s
to
explain
m
a
j
o
r facilit
ies u
s
in
g
su
rroun
d
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on ac
qui
red
t
h
r
o
ug
h
t
h
e
user'
s
sm
art
p
h
one
, creat
es an
d a
d
ds
ne
w t
a
g
s
i
s
pr
o
p
o
s
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
40
6 – 41
2
40
7
2.
RELATED RESEARCH
In
th
is ch
ap
ter, th
e au
g
m
en
ted
reality tech
no
log
y
and
related
techn
o
l
o
g
y
requ
ired
fo
r the d
e
sign
and
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
an aug
m
e
n
ted
reality b
a
sed
n
a
v
i
g
a
tion
syste
m
will b
e
discu
ssed
.
2.
1. Au
gmen
te
d
Re
al
i
t
y
As p
a
rt o
f
Virtu
a
l reality fiel
d
,
aug
m
en
ted
reality is a
sys
t
e
m
wh
ere v
i
rt
u
a
l world
s
are co
m
b
in
ed
with
v
i
rtu
a
l
reality
m
a
d
e
b
y
co
m
p
u
t
er
g
r
aph
i
cs.
Au
g
m
en
ted
Reality is div
i
d
e
d in
t
o
two
:
Mark
er Augmen
ted
Reality
an
d
Mark
erless Au
gmen
ted
Realit
y. Th
e Mark
er Aug
m
en
ted
Reality
au
g
m
en
ts an
ob
j
ect b
y
u
s
ing
a
special
m
a
rker to easily calculate it
s co-ordi
n
ates. Its Resource libra
ries
in
clud
e th
e ARt
a
g
,
ARToo
l
k
it an
d
it
p
r
ov
id
es a
fast
an
d
accurate way of calcu
latin
g
co-o
rd
in
at
es in
th
e m
a
k
i
n
g
of a real-ti
m
e au
g
m
en
ted
reality
syste
m
.
Th
e Mark
eless Aug
m
en
ted
Reality d
o
e
s n
o
t
u
s
e a sp
eci
al mark
er.
In
stead
it u
s
es th
e inform
at
io
n
of
t
h
e o
b
ject
s i
n
t
h
e i
m
age t
o
augm
ent
t
h
e ob
je
ct
. Thi
s
m
e
t
hod det
ect
s t
h
e i
m
age’s 3
D
ob
j
ect
’s co
rne
r
s a
nd t
h
en
u
s
es t
h
e
o
r
i
g
inal form
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ect as
th
e
ob
j
ect
’s au
g
m
ented
po
sition
[4-6
].
2.
2. An
droi
d
Struc
t
ure
An
dr
oi
d i
s
a
m
obi
l
e
OS m
a
de
on
Li
n
u
x
C
a
nal
t
ech
nol
ogy
.
It
has
va
ri
u
o
s
API
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
whi
c
h
ap
p
lication
can b
e
m
a
d
e
u
s
ing Jav
a
and
X.M
.
L. Throug
h these API’s
Andro
i
d
h
a
s in
terop
e
rab
ility in
that th
e
m
obi
l
e
devi
ce
can
be a
p
pl
i
e
d
t
o
ot
he
r
vari
o
u
s
de
vi
ces a
n
d
sens
o
r
s.
C
o
m
p
are
d
t
o
t
h
e c
o
nve
nt
i
o
nal
c
o
m
put
ers
en
v
i
ron
m
en
t, m
o
b
ile d
e
v
i
ces h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
m
o
b
ili
ty an
d po
rtab
ility wh
ich
is an adv
a
n
t
ag
e, bu
t th
ere
is th
e
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
on of u
s
er i
n
p
u
t
an
d t
h
e o
u
t
p
ut
of t
h
e res
u
l
t
,
whi
c
h i
s
a di
sadva
nt
age.
Ho
we
ve
r, co
nt
ai
ns a m
obi
l
e
devi
ce
has co
n
t
ai
ns a cam
e
ra, G.P.
S, gy
rose
nso
r
et
c so i
t
can use
vari
ous
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on eg
i
n
fo
rm
at
i
on rel
a
t
e
d
to
a u
s
er’s l
o
catio
n
,
that is, th
e u
s
er’s curren
t lo
ca
t
i
o
n,
d
i
rect
i
on a
nd
d
e
gree
of i
n
cl
i
n
at
i
on an
d se
n
d
t
h
i
s
in
fo
rm
atio
n
to
th
e serv
er and
g
e
t o
t
h
e
r
v
a
riou
s ad
d
ition
a
l in
fo
rm
atio
n
thro
ugh
t th
e
APIs and
d
i
sp
lay it o
n
th
e
u
s
er’s
d
e
v
i
ce.
Pictu
r
e
1
sho
w
s th
e aug
m
en
te
d
reality flo
w
in
a m
o
b
ile
d
e
vice [7
].
2
.
3
.
Da
ta
Filtering
Whe
n
displayi
ng inform
ation on
an augm
ented reality scre
en, t
h
er
e a
r
e
basic problem
s
/lim
its faced
i
n
cl
udi
ng
re
n
d
e
ri
n
g
, i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on c
o
n
g
est
i
o
n,
h
u
m
a
n fact
or et
c
.
I
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on c
o
n
g
est
i
on
i
s
an
i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
o
n
readi
ng
pr
o
b
l
e
m
caused by
t
h
e i
n
crea
se i
n
t
h
e am
ount
of
vi
rt
ual
i
n
fo
rm
at
i
on.
Due t
o
t
h
i
s
, t
h
ere i
s
a n
eed t
o
main
tain
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
a
ta and also
th
e in
fo
rmatio
n
filterin
g
techn
i
c to
red
u
ce t
h
e amo
u
n
t
of in
formatio
n
.
Inform
atio
n
filterin
g
'
s
m
a
in
e
l
e
m
en
ts in
clu
d
e th
e fo
llowing
: u
s
er's g
o
a
l
,
th
e relatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
tween
th
at
g
o
a
l
an
d
each
ob
j
e
ct, u
s
er's p
o
s
ition
etc. Ren
d
e
rin
g
d
e
letes/re
mo
v
e
s th
e real ob
j
ects an
d
also d
o
e
s real ren
d
ering
to
o
.
To
i
m
p
r
ove v
i
sib
ility, th
e
Hu
m
a
n
Facto
r
is u
s
ed
an
d
it co
m
p
rises o
f
delay, ad
ap
tation
,
tiredn
e
ss and
eye
tirednes
s
etc.
Fig
u
re
1
.
Mob
ile Dev
i
ce
augmen
ted
reality flowch
art
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Aug
m
en
ted Rea
lity Na
viga
tion
S
y
stem on
And
r
o
i
d
(
H
oe K
y
un
g J
u
ng)
40
8
3.
DESIGN AND
IMPLEME
N
T
In th
is
p
a
g
e
, t
h
e creatio
n
o
f
an aug
m
en
ted
rea
lity
b
a
sed
n
a
v
i
g
a
tion
will
b
e
d
i
scu
s
sed
.
Picture 2
sh
ows th
e st
ructu
r
e
o
f
th
e
aug
m
en
ted
reality b
a
sed
n
a
v
i
g
a
tio
n
.
Fig
u
re 2
.
Augmen
ted
Reality
-b
ased
Nav
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
System
Str
u
cture
In
t
h
is p
a
p
e
r,
th
e system
co
n
s
ists of th
e fo
llo
wi
n
g
p
a
rts: lo
catio
n
d
a
ta p
r
ov
id
ed
b
y
th
e lo
cation
serv
ice pro
v
i
der, sensor d
a
ta p
r
ov
id
ed
b
y
the
m
a
n
y
sen
s
o
r
s in
sid
e
th
e d
e
v
i
ce, th
e filter p
a
rt th
at filters o
u
t
th
e
erro
rs with th
e errors
foun
d in
th
e sen
s
o
r
data and
lo
cation
d
a
ta an
d
t
h
e
out
put
p
r
oce
s
s
o
r
t
h
at
c
o
m
p
ares t
h
e
devi
ce'
s res
o
l
u
t
i
on a
n
d
m
ove
m
e
nt
i
n
o
r
der
f
o
r
t
h
e
use
r
t
o
b
e
abl
e
t
o
vi
e
w
t
h
e
dat
a
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
on
t
h
ei
r
scree
n
.
Fi
rst
,
t
y
pes of
l
o
cat
i
on ser
v
i
ce pr
ovi
ders i
n
cl
u
d
e passi
ve
pr
ovi
ders
, net
w
o
r
k
pr
o
v
i
d
e
r
s and
G.P
.
S.
Whe
n
choosing a location s
e
rvice pr
ovide
r
one s
h
oul
d
take into co
ns
ideration the accuracy level
and
opt
i
m
i
zati
on o
f
t
h
e i
n
creasi
n
g bat
t
e
ry
cons
um
pt
i
on. In t
h
e sy
st
em
expl
ai
ned i
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
per
,
GPS
,
net
w
o
r
k
location
provi
der and passi
ve locati
on
provi
der are com
b
ine
d
ly used. Gra
p
h 1 s
h
ows the
com
p
arison
of
each
location servic
e
provide
r
'
accuracy le
vel and battery c
ons
um
ption level.
Tabl
e 1.
C
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
of
Locat
i
on Pr
o
v
i
d
er
Location Service
Pr
ovider
Battery Consu
m
ptio
n
Lev
e
l
Accurac
y
L
e
vel
GPS
High
Highest
Networ
k Pr
ovider
lower than GPS
Lo
wer th
an
G
P
S
by
m
a
ny levels
Passive pr
ovider
N/A
N/A
Th
e info
rm
ati
o
n th
at is
d
i
splayed
on
th
e
syste
m
in
clu
d
e
s lo
cation
d
a
ta, u
s
er's lo
cation
d
a
ta and
sens
or
dat
a
t
h
a
t
t
r
ack t
h
e
user
'
s
m
ovem
e
nt
s. Si
nce t
h
e se
ns
ors t
r
ack t
h
e u
s
er'
s
l
o
cat
i
on a
nd t
h
ei
r m
ove
m
e
nt
s,
any eve
n
ts t
h
at arise a
r
e c
o
mpare
d
t
o
th
e syste
m
's
m
easu
r
ed
sp
eed
and
are d
i
sp
layed
.
Al
so
,
ro
tatio
n
m
a
trix
is
use
d
t
o
get
t
h
e
de
vi
ce'
s rot
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
m
ovem
e
nt
w
h
i
c
h i
s
re
qui
red
f
o
r
d
a
t
a
ab
out
t
h
e
use
r
'
s
m
ovem
e
nt
s. The
tech
no
log
y
used
to d
e
tect l
o
catio
n
an
d m
o
v
e
men
t
is called
tracing
techno
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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20
1
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6 – 41
2
40
9
Tr
acing
technolo
g
y
is d
i
v
i
d
e
d in
to
thr
ee: senso
r
-
b
ased, v
i
si
o
n
-b
ased
and
h
ybr
id
tr
aci
n
g
tech
no
log
y
.
Sens
or base
d t
r
acing technology
uses
G.P.S, di
gital com
p
ass, acceleration
se
ns
or
gyro s
e
ns
or etc a
n
d
detects
ob
ject
posi
t
i
o
n
and
m
ovem
e
nt
, s
p
eed
an
d
di
rect
i
o
n.
Vi
si
on
-
b
ased
t
r
aci
ng t
e
c
h
nol
ogy
can
be di
vi
de
d i
n
t
o
m
a
rker
-base
d
m
e
t
hod, m
a
kerl
ess-
base
d m
e
t
h
o
d
s an
d
o
b
ject
det
ect
i
n
g/
im
age
m
a
t
c
hi
n
g
base
d m
e
t
h
o
d
.
Mark
er-b
ased
au
g
m
en
ted
reality u
s
es a sp
ecial
m
a
rk
er to
easily calcu
late co
-ord
i
n
ate p
o
i
n
t
s for use i
n
augm
enting a
n
object. T
h
e
m
a
rkerless
-bas
ed m
e
thod a
u
gm
ented reality does
not use
a
m
a
rker i
n
orde
r to
increase t
h
e us
er'
s
immersio
n. Instead it
use
s
the char
acteristics of the
objects in
t
h
e image to a
u
gm
ent the
ob
ject
.
Hy
bri
d
t
r
aci
ng t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
i
s
a co
m
b
i
n
at
i
on of s
e
ns
or
-base
d
a
n
d vi
si
o
n
-
base
d
t
r
acki
n
g t
ech
nol
ogy
.
Most
m
obile based augm
ented reality syste
m
s
use the
sensor-based trac
king tech
nol
o
gy but with the
recent
devel
opm
ent
i
n
t
e
rm
i
n
al
perfo
rm
ance, t
h
e use o
f
t
h
e m
a
rke
r-l
ess
base
d m
e
t
hod'
s t
r
acki
n
g t
ech
nol
o
g
y
i
s
rising. Ta
ble t
w
o shows t
h
e c
o
m
p
aris
o
n
of
t
h
e tr
ack
i
ng
tech
no
log
i
es.
Tabl
e 2.
C
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
of
Locat
i
on Pr
o
v
i
d
er
Based
Sensor
Advantage
W
eakness
Sensor-based
GPS
Gyro
Accelero
m
ete
r
E
a
sy
to
develop
uncorm
f
or
table
in indoor
m
ove
m
e
nt
Vision-
based
Co
m
puter Vision
Open GL
Mark
er
b
a
sed
Marker-less based
High im
m
e
r
s
ion level
self technology
develop
m
ent
Hybrid
Vision + Sensor
If tracking is lost, it
will be co
m
p
ensated
thr
ough the sensor
.
T
h
e weight of the
vision is co
m
p
ensated
by
the sensor
Hard to
develop,
Unavailability
of contents
Whe
n
the syst
e
m
receives da
ta from
the location serv
ice provide
r
and se
nsors, it nee
d
s
to take care
of any e
r
rors that
m
a
y arise and als
o
process t
h
e
data.
The sens
o
r
'
s
zero co
rr
ect
i
on
and se
ns
or f
u
si
on are
ways in which these e
r
rors ca
n be corrected. The
n
a
v
i
g
a
tio
n
receiv
es a lo
t o
f
lo
catio
n
d
a
ta fro
m
man
y
lo
cat
io
n
serv
ices and
it h
a
s to
filte
r th
e d
a
ta, d
eci
d
i
ng
whic
h loc
a
tion data t
o
acce
pt and wh
ic
h to ignore.
The
location a
n
d se
ns
or data which has ha
d
its errors
eliminated are
displayed on the de
vi
ce'
s screen a
n
d the
POI.
Also, da
ta ab
ou
t th
e
su
rr
oun
d
i
ng
area and
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on
b
r
o
u
ght
a
b
out
t
h
e
devi
ce'
s r
o
t
a
t
i
on a
n
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
nt
i
s
di
s
p
l
a
y
e
d, a
n
d
he
nce
t
h
e
user'
s
are
abl
e
t
o
co
nv
en
ien
tly get lo
catio
n d
a
ta.
In
th
is ch
ap
ter, th
e i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
a
tio
n
of th
e aug
m
en
ted
reality n
a
v
i
g
a
tion
syste
m
is d
i
scu
s
ses. Tab
l
e
3
sho
w
s
t
h
e sy
st
em
devel
o
pi
ng
en
vi
r
onm
ent
.
Tabl
e 3. Na
vi
g
a
t
i
on
Sy
st
em
Devel
opm
ent
En
vi
ro
nm
ent
Developing tool
Eclipse, Edit
plus
L
a
nguage
JAVA, Android
M
obile Device
Andr
oid 4.
4.
2
Galaxy S4
PC oper
a
ting
sy
ste
m
W
i
ndow 7 E
n
ter
p
r
i
s
e
K
The
na
vigation receives a l
o
t of location
da
ta from
m
a
ny location servic
es and it
has t
o
filter the
data, decidi
ng which location data to accept and whic
h
to ignore and
th
rough this it gets accurate
data.
Through the
a
u
m
e
nted reality technol
ogy, the im
ages go
tten from
the de
vice'
s cam
e
ra and
POI were
m
a
de to
display
o
n
t
h
e
scree
n
. P
O
I r
e
fers t
o
the
b
u
ildings a
n
d st
ores etc that a
r
e
displayed
on
d
i
g
ital m
a
p
s
su
ch as
navi
gat
i
o
n
.
Too
l
s u
s
ed
to o
b
t
ain
an
d
sear
ch
PO
I
d
a
ta in
clu
d
e
G
oogle
m
a
p
s
, G
oog
le Ear
t
h
an
d K
M
L f
iles.
'Go
o
g
l
e Earth
'
is d
i
fferen
t
from
'Go
o
g
l
e m
a
p
s
' in
th
at it u
s
es th
e to
pog
rap
h
y
, altitu
d
e
an
d
t
h
e bu
ild
ing
'
s 3
D
m
o
d
e
l to
g
e
t an
d search
fo
r
POI
d
a
ta.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Aug
m
en
ted Rea
lity Na
viga
tion
S
y
stem on
And
r
o
i
d
(
H
oe K
y
un
g J
u
ng)
41
0
Fi
gu
re 3.
P
O
I Ext
r
act
i
o
n Usi
n
g
G
o
ogl
e
M
a
ps
KM
L m
a
rks d
a
t
a
on Eart
h b
r
owse
rs l
i
k
e G
o
ogl
e Ea
rt
h an
d
Go
ogl
e M
a
ps,
and i
s
use
d
as
a t
a
g-base
d
structure t
oget
h
er with overla
ppe
d elem
ents and cha
r
ateristics.
Th
is system
was d
e
si
g
n
e
d such
th
at
it tak
e
s
th
e user's lo
cat
io
n
d
a
ta and
the d
e
fin
e
d
POI l
o
catio
n and
marks it
on the ra
dar, the
r
efore
gi
ving a
m
o
re accurate
location.
Als
o
,
for the l
o
c
a
tions t
h
at ca
nnot
be
aut
o
m
a
t
i
call
y
up
dat
e
d
,
i
t
was
m
a
de possi
bl
e t
o
di
rect
l
y
add t
h
e
s
e l
o
cat
i
on
by
speci
fy
i
ng t
h
e
vi
rt
ual
POI a
n
d
ad
d
i
n
g
a title an
d
t
h
e POI's d
a
ta. Also
, t
h
e G.P.S/ sensor
were op
timized
so
th
at th
e POI
d
a
ta d
i
sp
layed
o
n
t
h
e
screen
woul
d c
h
ange
upon the user'
s
m
ovement. Picture
4 shows POI
data
according to the
user'
s
m
o
vem
e
nt
and
ra
dar
di
s
p
l
a
y
.
Figu
re 4.
P
O
I Data
Sc
reen
Th
e PO
I
s
ar
e disp
layed
as spots o
n
th
e scr
e
en
bu
t if
th
e u
s
er click
s
on
th
e
sp
o
t
s, th
e v
i
rtual lo
catio
n
i
s
di
spl
a
y
e
d o
n
a
m
a
p, and a navi
gat
i
o
n sh
o
w
i
ng a pat
h
i
s
di
spl
a
y
e
d. Pi
ct
u
r
e 5 sho
w
s t
h
e s
c
reen
di
spl
a
y
whe
n
a PO
I
dat
a
i
s
t
ouc
he
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
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08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
40
6 – 41
2
41
1
Fi
gu
re
5.
To
uc
h Sc
ree
n
P
O
I
Dat
a
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In contrast
wi
th the
curre
nt
au
gm
ented re
ality technology, t
h
is
pape
r has
detailed
analysis and
research
an
d
also
th
e testin
g
an
d
exp
l
o
r
ation
of aug
m
en
ted
reality tech
no
log
y
was carried
ou
t. Th
e ex
istin
g
n
a
v
i
g
a
tio
n syste
m
h
a
d
to g
e
t d
e
stin
ation
l
o
catio
n info
rmation e
n
tere
d
and only after chec
king the
user'
s
cu
rren
t l
o
cation
wou
l
d it th
en
sh
ow t
h
e
p
a
th
fro
m
th
e
us
er'
s
current l
o
c
a
tion to
th
e d
e
stin
atio
n
wh
ich
is a
li
mitativ
e service. Th
e aug
m
en
ted
reality n
a
v
i
g
a
tion
sy
stem
d
i
scu
ssed
i
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
grafts th
e aug
m
en
ted
reality syste
m
'
s
co
n
c
ep
t, ch
aracteris
tics, sco
p
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
and
techno
log
i
es to
th
e ex
istin
g
nav
i
g
a
tio
n
syste
m
h
e
n
ce
en
ab
ling
t
h
e
user to no
t
o
n
l
y b
e
ab
le to
ch
eck th
e
p
a
th
fro
m
th
eir cu
rren
t l
o
catio
n to
the
dest
i
n
at
i
o
n
but
al
so t
h
ey
can
check
t
h
e i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on ab
out
t
h
ei
r c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
o
cat
i
on'
s su
rr
ou
ndi
ng
t
o
o.
Am
on
g t
h
e
typ
e
s o
f
aug
m
en
ted
reality t
ech
no
log
i
es, co
m
p
u
t
er v
i
sion
-b
ased
reg
i
stratio
n
techn
o
l
og
y and
reality fu
si
on
tech
no
log
y
were research
ed
, lo
cation
d
a
ta was ob
tain
ed fro
m
lo
catio
n serv
ice
p
r
ov
id
ers lik
e
G.P.S and
m
e
t
hods
of
ho
w t
o
re
du
ce r
e
l
a
t
e
d err
o
rs
was anal
y
s
e
d
and al
s
o
resea
r
ch
was d
o
n
e on
ho
w t
o
acc
urat
el
y
acqui
re se
ns
or
dat
a
o
n
t
h
e sm
art
p
h
one
.
Th
e au
g
m
en
ted
reality-b
ased
n
a
v
i
g
a
ti
o
n
syste
m
d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
i
n
th
is
pap
e
r is m
a
d
e
u
p
of the
com
b
i
n
at
i
on o
f
vi
rt
ual
ob
ject
s
and t
h
e real
w
o
rl
d, t
h
e l
o
cat
i
on
dat
a
sent
by
l
o
cat
i
on pr
o
v
i
d
ers a
nd se
nso
r
dat
a
got
t
e
n
f
r
om
senso
r
s
was
com
b
i
n
e
d
, t
h
e
na
vi
gat
i
on'
s sy
st
e
m
's err
o
rs
we
r
e
m
i
nim
i
zed and
t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
vi
rt
ual
ob
ject
s, t
h
e u
s
er can
be s
h
ow
n i
n
fo
rm
at
ion a
b
out
t
h
ei
r current locati
on'
s surrou
n
d
i
n
g
.
H
o
weve
r,
fut
u
re
researc
h
ers
nee
d
to do a
lot
of
researc
h
on
how
to add
POI
data in
r
eal
-
t
i
m
e
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Carmigniani, Julie, et
al. "Aug
mented realit
y
technolog
ies,
s
y
s
t
em
s and applications",
Multim
edia Tools and
Applica
tions
, 51.1 pp. 341-377. 2
011.
[2]
Guan T, Li L, Wang C,“Usin
g
Homography
to Im
prove the Registr
a
tion
Performance of
ARTOOLKIT”,
Microelectronics &
Computer
, 2007.
[3]
Qin W, Zha J,
Zhao Z,“Stud
y
on Artificia
l Mark Recognition in
Augmented Reality
”
,
Measurement &
Control
Technology
, 200
8.
[4]
Jens Grubert, Dr. Raphael Grasse
t, “Augmented Reality
for Andr
oid Application
Development”,
Pack
t Publishin
g
,
pp. 74-75
, 2013
.
[5]
Fritz, Jan
,
et
al. "Augmente
d Reality
Visualization with
Use of Image Overlay
Tec
hnolog
y
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IJECE
ISS
N
:
2088-8708
Aug
m
en
ted Rea
lity Na
viga
tion
S
y
stem on
And
r
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(
H
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un
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41
2
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Chee Oh Chun
g; He receiv
ed
the M.S. deg
r
ee
in 2000 from the Department
of Electronics
Engineering of
Kumoh National Un
iversity
, Kor
ea. From 2006 to 2012, h
e
work
ed for GIO
as a
CEO. His
curr
ent r
e
s
ear
ch
in
teres
t
s
includ
e
The
Int
e
rnet
of Th
ings
,
i
n
form
ation and
communications
technolog
y
proce
ssing, and
smart manufacturing
.
Yilun He; He r
e
ceiv
e
d th
e M.S.d
e
gree in 2015 fr
om
the Departm
e
nt of Computer
Engineering of
Paichai University
, Korea. His current research
inter
e
sts include Robot
Vision, Data Mining,
HTML5, WebG
L, Io
T, Mining
the Social Web.
Hoe K
y
ung Jun
g
; He receiv
e
d
the M.S. d
e
gree in 1987 and P
h
. D. degr
ee
in
1993 from the
Department of
C
o
mputer Engin
e
ering of Kwang
woon University, Korea. From 1994 to 1995, he
worked for ETR
I as a research
er. Since 1994, h
e
has worked in the Department of Computer
Engineering at
Paichai University
, where he no
w works
as a profes
s
o
r. His
current res
e
arch
inter
e
sts includ
e m
u
ltim
edia
docum
ent arch
ite
cture m
odeli
ng, inform
atio
n processing,
inform
ation r
e
tr
i
e
va
l,
a
n
d
da
t
a
base
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.