I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
,
p
p
.
3
0
6
0
~
3
0
6
8
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
9
i
4
.
p
p
3
0
6
0
-
3068
3060
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
An
e
f
fec
tive
a
ppr
o
a
ch t
o
d
ev
elo
p
lo
ca
tion
-
b
a
sed
a
ug
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
i
nfor
m
a
tio
n
s
uppo
rt
K
o
m
a
ng
Ca
nd
ra
B
ra
t
a
1
,
De
ro
n L
ia
ng
2
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Bra
w
ij
a
y
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
s
ia
2
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ce
n
t
ra
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Tai
w
a
n
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
7
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
Mar
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
A
p
r
3
,
2
0
1
9
Us
in
g
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
(
A
R)
f
o
r
p
e
d
e
strian
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
c
a
n
g
re
a
tl
y
i
m
p
ro
v
e
u
se
r
a
c
ti
o
n
to
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
trav
e
l
ti
m
e
.
P
e
d
e
strian
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
d
if
fe
rs
in
m
a
n
y
wa
y
s
f
ro
m
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
u
se
d
in
a
c
a
r
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
v
e
h
icle
s.
A
m
a
jo
r
issu
e
w
it
h
u
sin
g
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R
f
o
r
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
to
a
sp
e
c
if
ic
lan
d
m
a
rk
is
th
e
ir
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
u
sa
b
il
it
y
,
e
sp
e
c
iall
y
i
f
th
e
a
c
ti
v
e
sc
re
e
n
is
o
v
e
rc
ro
w
d
e
d
w
it
h
th
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
P
OI
m
a
rk
e
rs
w
h
ich
w
e
re
o
v
e
rlap
e
a
c
h
o
th
e
r
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
ti
m
e
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
d
e
sc
rib
e
s
th
e
u
se
r
jo
u
rn
e
y
m
a
p
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
led
to
n
e
w
i
n
sig
h
ts
a
b
o
u
t
h
o
w
u
se
rs
w
e
re
u
sin
g
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R
f
o
r
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
se
in
sig
h
ts
led
to
a
d
e
e
p
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
th
a
t
u
se
r
m
u
st
f
a
c
e
w
h
e
n
u
sin
g
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
p
e
d
e
strian
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
p
u
r
p
o
se
,
a
n
d
m
o
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ll
y
,
th
e
y
h
e
lp
e
d
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
tea
m
to
a
p
p
re
c
iate
th
e
v
a
riety
o
f
u
se
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
so
f
tw
a
re
r
e
q
u
irem
e
n
t
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
p
h
a
se
.
T
o
p
ro
v
e
o
u
r
c
o
n
c
e
p
t,
a
p
ro
to
ty
p
e
o
f
in
tu
it
iv
e
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R
wa
s
b
u
il
t
to
b
e
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
e
x
isti
n
g
sta
n
d
a
rd
-
lo
c
a
t
io
n
b
a
se
d
A
R.
T
h
e
u
se
r
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
re
su
lt
s
re
v
e
a
l
th
a
t
th
e
o
v
e
ra
ll
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
w
h
ich
a
re
g
a
th
e
re
d
f
ro
m
u
se
r
jo
u
rn
e
y
h
a
v
e
sa
m
e
lev
e
l
o
f
su
c
c
e
ss
ra
te
c
rit
e
ria
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
sta
n
d
a
rd
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R.
Ne
v
e
rth
e
les
s,
th
e
f
ield
stu
d
y
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
n
ts
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
t
h
e
e
x
ten
d
e
d
fe
a
tu
re
s
in
o
u
r
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
c
o
u
ld
sig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
u
se
r
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
l
o
c
a
ti
n
g
th
e
rig
h
t
o
b
jec
t
i
n
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
p
lac
e
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
sta
n
d
a
rd
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
A
R
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
(
p
ro
v
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
re
q
u
i
re
d
ti
m
e
).
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
L
o
ca
tio
n
b
ased
s
er
v
ice
Nav
i
g
atio
n
Usab
ilit
y
User
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ko
m
an
g
C
a
n
d
r
a
B
r
ata,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ita
s
B
r
a
w
ij
a
y
a,
Vete
r
an
Stre
et
No
.
8
,
Ma
lan
g
6
5
1
4
5
,
E
ast J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
m
ail:
k
.
ca
n
d
r
a.
b
r
ata@u
b
.
ac
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Au
g
m
e
n
ted
R
ea
li
t
y
(
AR
)
is
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
a
t
au
g
m
e
n
t
s
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
er
g
en
er
ated
d
ata.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
o
v
er
la
y
in
g
t
h
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
w
it
h
v
ir
tu
a
ll
y
g
en
er
ated
d
ata
r
en
d
er
s
s
u
c
h
as
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
,
te
x
t,
v
id
eo
,
s
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
en
r
ic
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
r
ea
lit
y
w
it
h
i
m
m
er
s
i
v
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
v
ie
w
co
n
ten
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
n
av
i
g
ate
,
co
m
m
u
n
icate
a
n
d
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
w
a
y
u
s
er
s
i
n
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
AR
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
o
v
er
1
0
y
ea
r
s
t
o
h
elp
u
s
er
ac
ce
s
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
t
ask
w
it
h
o
u
t
g
etti
n
g
d
is
tr
ac
ted
[
2
-
6
].
L
o
ca
tio
n
-
B
ased
A
R
s
ee
k
s
to
s
m
o
o
th
l
y
li
n
k
th
e
p
h
y
s
ica
l
lo
ca
tio
n
co
o
r
d
in
ate
w
it
h
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
a
u
s
e
r
ca
n
s
ee
P
OI
(
P
o
in
t
o
f
I
n
ter
e
s
t)
an
n
o
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tic
u
lar
lan
d
m
ar
k
i
n
a
r
ea
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Usi
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lit
y
f
o
r
n
av
i
g
atio
n
ca
n
g
r
ea
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
ac
ti
o
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tr
av
e
l
ti
m
e
esp
ec
i
all
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
ap
p
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
p
ed
estria
n
u
s
a
g
e.
A
m
aj
o
r
is
s
u
e
w
i
th
u
s
i
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
f
o
r
n
av
i
g
atio
n
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lan
d
m
ar
k
is
th
eir
q
u
alit
y
o
f
u
s
ab
il
it
y
,
esp
ec
iall
y
if
m
an
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
effec
tive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
...
(
K
o
ma
n
g
C
a
n
d
r
a
B
r
a
ta
)
3061
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
j
ec
ts
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
s
cr
ee
n
a
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
lac
k
o
f
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
ap
p
licatio
n
’
s
t
y
p
e
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
f
u
s
in
g
a
n
d
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
w
h
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
th
e
p
lac
e
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
a
f
o
r
eig
n
er
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
th
i
s
is
s
u
e
ca
n
m
ak
e
u
s
er
s
f
ail
to
f
i
n
d
th
eir
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
in
d
icatio
n
is
s
u
e
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
v
ie
w
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
o
n
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
b
ased
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
at
i
s
s
u
es,
th
er
e
i
s
a
n
ee
d
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
c
e
as a
d
ef
i
n
iti
v
e
f
ac
t
o
r
in
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t sp
ec
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
a
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
AR
p
r
esen
tatio
n
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
W
ik
it
u
d
e
[
7
]
an
d
Mix
ar
e
[
8
]
User
-
ce
n
ter
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
u
ld
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
a
n
“
ea
r
l
y
-
f
ail”
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t r
ap
id
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
c
lu
d
es p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
es
ig
n
to
ca
p
t
u
r
e
u
s
er
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
R
ath
er
t
h
a
n
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
f
u
ll
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
id
ea
t
o
h
ig
h
f
id
elit
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
ce
n
ter
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
o
c
ess
m
a
k
es
r
ap
id
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
n
m
u
lt
ip
le
id
ea
s
to
w
ar
d
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
iab
le
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
y
q
u
ick
l
y
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
f
la
w
ed
co
n
ce
p
ts
[
9
].
A
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
(
UJ
M)
is
a
r
ec
en
tl
y
e
m
er
g
ed
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
d
ass
e
s
s
i
n
g
u
s
e
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esi
g
n
f
ie
ld
.
T
h
is
m
ap
a
d
d
s
a
t
h
ir
d
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
f
ea
t
u
r
e
to
a
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
u
s
er
p
er
s
o
n
a
b
y
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
a
d
iach
r
o
n
ic
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
a
u
s
er
a
n
d
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
1
0
]
.
Do
v
e
et
al
b
u
ild
a
lig
h
t
w
ei
g
h
t
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
p
in
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
led
t
o
n
e
w
in
s
ig
h
t
s
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
cu
s
t
o
m
er
s
w
er
e
u
s
in
g
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
1
1
]
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
also
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
a
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
a
p
ca
n
illu
s
tr
ate
a
g
r
ap
h
ic
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
a
u
s
er
’
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
w
it
h
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
e
x
p
lain
an
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
ey
m
ap
as
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
ap
id
l
y
co
n
v
er
t
u
s
e
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
to
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
to
d
esig
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
ca
n
h
elp
u
s
er
s
to
f
i
n
d
th
eir
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
n
t
u
iti
v
el
y
.
T
h
is
r
esea
r
ch
u
s
e
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
p
ain
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
e
tr
ics:
(
1
)
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
(
2
)
lear
n
ab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
(
3
)
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
r
esear
c
h
also
co
n
d
u
cts
a
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
et
w
ee
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
as
ed
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
w
i
th
n
e
w
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
h
u
m
an
f
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
r
es
u
lt.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Dev
elo
p
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
is
n
o
t
s
i
m
p
l
y
a
m
at
ter
o
f
tech
n
ical
w
izar
d
r
y
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
a
t
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ta
k
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
.
2
.
1
.
Usa
bil
it
y
o
rient
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ch
Usab
ilit
y
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
as t
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
at
tr
ib
u
te
o
f
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
i
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
u
ch
a
s
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Usab
ilit
y
d
e
f
i
n
itio
n
i
s
o
f
te
n
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
in
to
“
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
,
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
w
ith
w
h
ich
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
s
et
o
f
u
s
er
s
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
s
et
o
f
ta
s
k
s
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t”.
Usab
ilit
y
at
tr
ib
u
tes
ar
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
U
s
ab
ilit
y
attr
ib
u
tes
in
cl
u
d
e
e.
g
.
t
h
at
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
ea
s
y
a
n
d
f
a
s
t
to
lear
n
,
ef
f
icie
n
t
to
u
s
e,
ea
s
y
to
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
,
allo
w
r
ap
id
r
ec
o
v
er
y
f
r
o
m
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
o
f
f
er
a
h
i
g
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
i
s
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
,
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct’
s
u
s
ab
ilit
y
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
a
s
f
o
llo
w
[
1
5
]
:
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
es
s
-
w
h
e
th
er
u
s
e
r
s
c
an
ac
h
iev
e
w
h
at
t
h
e
y
w
a
n
t
to
d
o
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
E
f
f
icie
n
c
y
-
h
o
w
lo
n
g
it
tak
e
s
th
e
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
it.
Satis
f
ac
t
io
n
–
th
eir
f
ee
l
in
g
s
a
n
d
attit
u
d
e
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
i
n
ten
d
t
o
u
s
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
r
ien
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
a
u
s
er
a
n
d
w
il
l
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
r
ee
a
s
p
ec
ts
th
at
w
e
h
a
v
e
f
o
u
n
d
r
ele
v
an
t
w
h
e
n
d
esi
g
n
in
g
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
: f
ield
s
t
u
d
y
,
u
s
er
s
ce
n
ar
io
an
d
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
p
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
0
6
0
-
3068
3062
2
.
2
.
F
ield
s
t
ud
y
E
th
n
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
t
u
d
y
is
m
o
s
t
l
y
n
atu
r
al
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
u
s
er
ac
t
iv
itie
s
a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
th
e
u
s
er
in
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
th
is
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
.
User
b
eh
av
io
r
s
p
lace
a
s
tr
o
n
g
em
p
h
asi
s
o
n
th
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
f
o
r
d
esig
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ca
lled
a
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
esi
g
n
[
1
7
]
.
W
e
co
llect
o
u
r
u
s
er
’
s
p
er
s
o
n
a
b
ef
o
r
e
w
e
co
n
d
u
ct
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
in
g
p
h
ase.
A
p
er
s
o
n
a
i
s
a
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
escr
ib
in
g
u
s
er
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
ar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
,
it
co
n
v
e
y
t
h
e
r
elev
an
t
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
p
s
y
ch
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al,
an
d
n
ee
d
s
-
b
ased
attr
ib
u
te
s
[
1
8
]
.
W
h
en
u
s
er
s
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
d
esig
n
p
h
ase,
it
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
d
esi
g
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
li
m
ited
to
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tas
k
at
h
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
h
as
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
w
h
o
le
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
p
h
y
s
ical,
tec
h
n
i
ca
l
an
d
s
o
cial)
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
task
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
i
n
-
d
ep
th
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
u
s
er
’
s
ac
ti
v
ities
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
eir
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
w
o
r
k
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
a
y
o
f
w
o
r
k
in
g
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
t
h
at
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
f
ield
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
test
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
at
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
f
ield
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
test
in
g
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
.
Fau
l
k
n
er
p
r
escr
ib
es
t
h
at
1
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
il
l
d
is
co
v
er
as
m
a
n
y
u
s
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
a
s
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
w
il
l
d
o
.
T
h
e
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
1
0
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
i
s
ca
p
a
b
le
en
o
u
g
h
to
g
i
v
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
-
to
-
co
s
t
r
atio
in
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
i
n
g
[
1
9
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies,
w
e
in
v
o
l
v
e
1
0
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
b
ased
o
n
f
o
u
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs:
(
1
)
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
i
n
g
An
d
r
o
id
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
(
2
)
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
E
n
g
l
is
h
,
(
3
)
ca
n
r
ea
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
(
4
)
d
o
esn
’
t
k
n
o
w
e
x
ac
t
l
o
ca
tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
m
ap
.
B
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
a
s
g
i
v
en
to
v
al
id
ate
th
at
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
m
ee
t
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics.
All
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ar
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
a
n
d
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
s
t
u
d
en
ts
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
i
n
E
n
g
li
s
h
a
n
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
in
g
An
d
r
o
id
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
eir
d
ail
y
ac
tiv
ities
.
P
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
a
g
es a
r
e
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
to
2
8
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
2
.
3
.
User
s
ce
na
rio
As
a
w
a
y
to
co
n
cr
etel
y
e
m
b
o
d
y
a
v
ie
w
o
f
u
s
er
’
s
ac
t
u
al
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
ac
ti
v
itie
s
,
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
e
n
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
m
o
b
ile
AR
d
esig
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
[
2
0
]
.
P
ar
ticu
lar
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
w
ill
en
ab
le
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
h
o
w
A
R
d
ev
ices
w
o
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
w
a
y
o
f
u
s
er
s
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
t
h
eir
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
an
d
co
llectiv
e
tas
k
ac
tiv
i
ties
.
T
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
is
o
u
tlin
ed
in
s
e
v
er
al
ta
s
k
s
in
s
e
q
u
en
tial
o
r
d
er
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
w
i
ll
b
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
m
p
leti
n
g
all
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Sce
n
ar
i
o
s
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
w
er
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
tas
k
s
,
B
lin
d
Sear
ch
an
d
Dir
ec
ted
Sear
ch
.
W
e
test
a
ll
o
f
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ice
an
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
is
tan
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
th
en
w
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
b
et
w
ee
n
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
a
n
d
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
I
n
B
lin
d
Sear
ch
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
i
ll
b
e
as
k
ed
to
d
o
s
o
m
e
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
d
etail
ac
tiv
ities
o
n
b
li
n
d
s
ea
r
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ask
:
b
lin
d
s
ea
r
ch
T
a
sk
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
1
S
t
a
r
t
t
h
e
A
p
p
2
F
i
n
d
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
g
i
v
e
n
t
o
t
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
i
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
3
0
0
m
r
a
d
i
u
s.
3
U
se
A
R
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
v
i
e
w
s,
t
o
se
e
t
h
e
a
u
g
me
n
t
e
d
P
O
I
.
4
G
o
t
o
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
a
p
p
e
a
r
i
n
t
h
e
A
R
scre
e
n
.
I
n
Dir
ec
ted
Sear
ch
,
t
h
e
p
ar
tici
p
an
t
w
ill
b
e
as
k
ed
to
d
o
s
o
m
e
ac
tio
n
s
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
W
e
test
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
o
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ice
a
n
d
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
w
il
l
ch
o
o
s
e
o
n
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
t
h
at
lo
ca
ted
in
s
a
m
e
r
an
g
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
th
e
n
w
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
es
u
lt
b
et
w
ee
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
a
n
d
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
etai
l a
ctiv
ities
o
n
d
i
r
ec
ted
s
ea
r
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ask
:
d
ir
ec
ted
s
ea
r
ch
T
a
sk
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
1
S
t
a
r
t
t
h
e
A
p
p
2
O
p
e
n
M
a
p
V
i
e
w
mo
d
e
a
n
d
se
l
e
c
t
o
n
e
p
l
a
c
e
t
h
a
t
a
p
p
e
a
r
o
n
t
h
e
map
w
h
e
n
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
i
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
3
0
0
m r
a
d
i
u
s
.
3
En
t
e
r
A
R
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
see
t
h
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
P
O
I
.
4
G
o
t
o
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
a
p
p
e
a
r
i
n
t
h
e
scre
e
n
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
y
d
id
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
’
s
task
,
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
a
n
d
m
ap
p
ed
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
ata
co
llectio
n
f
o
r
m
s
to
r
ec
o
r
d
ea
ch
s
tep
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
W
e
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
r
ate
o
f
th
e
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
s
a
n
d
af
ter
t
h
at,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ata
co
llectio
n
f
o
r
m
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
s
tep
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
ea
c
h
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
effec
tive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
...
(
K
o
ma
n
g
C
a
n
d
r
a
B
r
a
ta
)
3063
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es to
f
o
llo
w
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
:
1
)
De
s
cr
ib
e
ea
ch
s
te
p
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
ea
c
h
p
ar
tici
p
an
t a
s
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
.
2
)
R
ate
u
s
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
u
cc
e
s
s
a
n
d
elap
s
ed
t
i
m
e
i
n
co
m
p
leti
n
g
ea
ch
s
tep
.
3
)
R
ec
o
r
d
all
u
s
er
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
ea
ctio
n
s
to
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
es
.
4
)
L
et
u
s
er
s
u
s
e
an
y
a
n
d
all
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
at
th
eir
d
is
p
o
s
al
to
c
o
m
p
lete
t
h
ese
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
w
ith
o
n
e
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
.
Do
n
o
t
co
n
f
er
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
2
.
4
.
U
s
er
j
o
urney
m
a
p
pin
g
Vis
u
a
lizatio
n
a
n
d
m
ap
p
in
g
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
v
alu
ab
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
d
o
m
ai
n
.
I
t
ca
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
i
n
to
v
is
ib
le
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
cr
ea
te
clar
it
y
ab
o
u
t
w
h
a
t
ele
m
e
n
ts
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
v
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
t
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
it
is
o
f
ten
th
at
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
esig
n
er
s
b
ec
o
m
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
el
y
en
tr
an
ce
d
to
w
h
at
t
h
e
y
lik
e
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
an
d
s
u
c
h
q
u
est
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
ti
m
e
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
test
s
,
o
r
ev
en
t
h
e
tes
t r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t a
r
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
[
2
2
]
.
User
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
(
UJ
M)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
v
is
u
al
p
ict
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
u
s
er
s
h
ad
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
t
h
eir
tr
av
elin
g
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
esti
n
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
L
o
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
Deta
il
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
a
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
2
3
]
.
A
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
is
a
tab
le
w
i
th
u
s
er
’
s
s
tep
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ti
m
e
o
n
t
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
ta
l
ax
is
,
an
d
alo
n
g
t
h
e
v
er
tical
ax
i
s
th
e
r
e
ar
e
m
e
tr
ics
o
r
th
e
m
e
s
ca
teg
o
r
y
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
o
n
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
is
w
il
l
v
ar
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
d
o
m
ai
n
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
v
er
tical
ax
is
u
s
u
all
y
s
ta
y
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
ep
icts
o
u
r
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esu
lt
o
f
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
ey
m
ap
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
u
s
e
ac
t
io
n
,
q
u
e
s
tio
n
,
h
ap
p
y
m
o
m
en
t,
p
ain
p
o
in
t,
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
as
v
er
t
ical
ax
is
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
A
ctio
n
s
:
t
h
e
th
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
to
d
o
to
m
o
v
e
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
.
Qu
e
s
ti
o
n
s
:
th
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
an
s
w
er
in
g
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
y
’
ll
b
e
w
ill
i
n
g
to
m
o
v
e
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
.
Hap
p
y
m
o
m
e
n
t
s
:
p
o
s
iti
v
e,
en
j
o
y
ab
le
t
h
in
g
s
th
at
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
P
ain
p
o
in
ts
:
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
s
an
d
an
n
o
y
a
n
ce
s
t
h
at
s
p
o
il
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Op
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
:
d
es
ig
n
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
t
h
at
y
o
u
co
u
ld
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
i
n
a
n
e
w
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
an
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
id
en
tifie
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
0
6
0
-
3068
3064
2
.
5
.
I
ns
ig
ht
f
ro
m
UJ
M
Fro
m
co
llected
s
ce
n
ar
io
d
ata
in
o
u
r
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
,
th
e
p
ain
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
r
eg
io
n
s
ar
e
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
r
n
o
f
o
u
r
i
n
s
i
g
h
t.
P
ain
p
o
in
t
an
d
h
ap
p
y
m
o
m
en
t
r
eg
io
n
s
g
iv
e
a
cl
u
e
ab
o
u
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
th
at
u
s
er
m
u
s
t
f
ac
e
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
c
atio
n
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
as
ed
o
n
u
s
er
p
ain
in
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
r
eg
io
n
.
Ne
v
er
th
e
less
,
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
e
ar
e
n
o
t d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
all
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
wh
ich
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
User
J
o
u
r
n
e
y
Ma
p
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
o
u
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
s
u
m
m
ar
y
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
i
n
s
i
g
h
t.
T
ab
le
3
.
Op
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
f
r
o
m
UJ
M
#
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
1
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
r
e
a
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
w
h
e
n
2
o
r
mo
r
e
P
O
I
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
.
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
d
j
u
st
me
n
t
s me
c
h
a
n
i
s
m fo
r
P
O
I
t
h
a
t
a
p
p
e
a
r
o
n
scre
e
n
.
2
No
c
l
u
e
s a
b
o
u
t
h
o
w
t
o
g
o
t
o
P
O
I
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
3
U
se
r
s c
a
n
’
t
r
e
a
d
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
w
h
e
n
2
o
r
mo
r
e
P
O
I
s
o
v
e
r
l
a
p
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
.
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
n
e
w
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
st
e
p
b
y
st
e
p
g
u
i
d
e
s
u
se
r
t
o
P
O
I
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
4
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
f
i
n
d
e
x
a
c
t
P
O
I
,
a
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
b
e
h
i
n
d
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
5
U
se
r
s d
o
n
’
t
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
f
a
r
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
y
sh
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
o
t
h
e
P
O
I
.
G
i
v
e
me
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
n
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
h
e
n
u
s
e
r
a
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
d
e
st
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
2
.
6
.
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
d
escript
io
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
User
J
o
u
r
n
e
y
Ma
p
to
g
ath
er
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
w
h
en
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
av
ig
atio
n
ta
s
k
s
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
3
,
w
e
ca
n
s
p
ec
if
y
t
h
e
m
ai
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
t
h
at
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
b
u
ilt
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ased
AR
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
e
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
,
th
e
m
o
b
ile
A
R
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
w
h
ich
w
as
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
in
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
ai
m
s
at
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
as
s
i
s
tan
ce
t
o
th
e
u
s
er
s
w
i
th
r
e
g
ar
d
to
ac
c
ess
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
ti
m
e
-
tab
l
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
b
u
s
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
Z
h
o
n
g
li Di
s
tr
ict,
T
ai
w
an
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ad
o
p
ts
t
h
e
3
-
tier
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
e
s
t
h
r
ee
k
e
y
co
n
ce
p
ts
:
u
s
e
w
eb
s
er
v
ice
as
d
ata
s
er
v
ice,
m
o
d
u
lar
it
y
in
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
it
s
ep
ar
ates
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
er
s
th
a
t
co
n
tai
n
in
g
b
u
s
i
n
ess
lo
g
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
s
th
at
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
d
atab
ases
p
h
y
s
icall
y
i
n
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tier
s
/la
y
er
s
(
d
u
e
to
its
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
d
ata
s
ize)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
r
o
u
tes
in
Z
h
o
n
g
li
Dis
tr
ict,
T
aiw
a
n
an
d
ea
ch
r
o
u
te
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
b
u
s
s
to
p
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
A
s
s
t
u
d
y
s
co
p
e,
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
l
y
g
e
n
e
r
ate
th
e
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
P
OI
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
o
n
e
r
o
u
t
e
th
at
ch
o
s
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
en
d
s
a
r
eq
u
est
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
an
d
th
en
g
en
er
ates
th
e
P
OI
s
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
in
th
e
d
atab
ase.
Af
ter
t
h
e
ap
p
lic
atio
n
g
ets
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
d
ata
a
n
d
p
h
o
n
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
it
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
s
th
e
P
OI
w
it
h
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
an
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
d
ata.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
P
OI
s
m
ar
k
er
ca
n
b
e
r
en
d
er
ed
an
d
d
is
p
lay
ed
ac
cu
r
atel
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
esen
tatio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
p
er
im
p
o
s
i
n
g
v
ir
t
u
al
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
v
er
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
b
u
s
s
t
o
p
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
clea
r
l
y
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
[
2
5
]
.
2
.
6
.
1
.
Adj
us
t
m
e
nt
m
ec
ha
ni
s
m
o
f
P
O
I
t
ha
t
a
pp
ea
r
o
n scre
en
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
d
ev
ice’
s
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
i
f
a
u
s
er
ar
e
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
lace
a
n
d
p
o
in
ti
n
g
th
e
d
e
v
ice
i
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
ir
e
ctio
n
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
lan
d
m
ar
k
o
b
j
ec
t
an
n
o
tatio
n
s
t
h
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
th
at
p
lace
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
th
at
m
atc
h
ed
w
it
h
u
s
er
r
ad
iu
s
d
is
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
lan
d
m
ar
k
co
o
r
d
in
ate
o
n
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
al
s
o
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ab
o
u
t
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
W
ith
s
en
s
o
r
s
b
ased
d
ata,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
an
d
t
h
e
P
OI
lan
d
m
ar
k
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
Hav
er
s
i
n
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
ch
an
i
s
m
to
ad
j
u
s
t th
e
P
OI
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
o
n
s
cr
ee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
effec
tive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
...
(
K
o
ma
n
g
C
a
n
d
r
a
B
r
a
ta
)
3065
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
OI
s
th
at
s
h
o
w
n
in
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
lo
ca
tio
n
.
First,
it
r
ea
d
s
th
e
d
ev
ice
lo
ca
tio
n
t
h
e
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
P
OI
d
ata
r
eq
u
es
t
to
t
h
e
web
s
er
v
ice
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
clie
n
t r
eq
u
est an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Nex
t,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
w
eb
s
er
v
ice
w
ill b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
m
ar
k
er
in
c
lien
t
s
id
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
at
ed
m
ar
k
er
w
ill
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
ased
o
n
d
ev
ice
o
r
ien
tatio
n
w
h
ich
is
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
A
d
d
it
io
n
all
y
,
if
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
P
OI
o
b
j
ec
ts
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
an
o
t
h
er
m
et
h
o
d
to
s
ep
ar
ate
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
li
t
y
P
OI
f
r
o
m
less
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
o
n
es
,
is
to
o
cc
lu
d
e
th
e
o
n
es
th
at
ar
e
f
ar
th
er
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
s
er
’
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
.
Giv
e
n
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
d
is
tan
t
P
OI
s
ar
e
m
o
s
t
li
k
el
y
les
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
t
h
an
th
e
clo
s
er
o
n
es,
it
i
s
n
o
t
a
s
e
v
er
e
lo
s
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
f
a
s
h
ap
e
g
ets
f
u
ll
y
h
id
d
en
b
y
a
clo
s
er
o
n
e
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
c
clu
d
ed
P
OI
m
ar
k
er
s
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
2
.
6
.
2
.
Ste
p by
s
t
ep
na
v
ig
a
t
io
n v
ie
w
T
o
g
iv
e
th
e
u
s
er
a
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
w
a
y
o
f
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
h
is
r
o
u
te,
v
ie
w
s
b
ased
o
n
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
co
u
ld
b
e
o
f
f
er
ed
to
h
i
m
.
W
e
d
esig
n
UI
/UX
tr
an
s
i
tio
n
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
b
ased
o
n
[
2
7
]
th
at
r
ev
e
al
in
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
u
s
er
s
ar
e
ea
s
il
y
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
th
e
a
n
n
o
ta
tio
n
o
b
j
ec
ts
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
o
n
a
la
n
d
m
ar
k
,
d
ir
ec
tio
n
ar
r
o
w
s
to
n
ex
t
w
a
y
p
o
in
t
an
d
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
d
is
ta
n
c
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
POI
.
On
to
p
o
f
u
s
er
ca
m
er
a
f
ee
d
o
f
h
is
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
elp
f
u
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
h
i
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
o
u
ti
n
g
s
eg
m
e
n
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
k
es
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
c
an
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
d
is
p
la
y
all
r
eq
u
ir
ed
P
OI
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
cr
ee
n
as
i
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
l
o
ca
tio
n
b
ased
A
R
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
d
etail
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
i
n
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ase
d
A
R
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
w
h
ic
h
w
as
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
(
a)
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
g
u
id
an
ce
a
n
d
(b
)
P
OI
ch
an
g
e
s
h
ap
e
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
d
is
tan
ce
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
ar
k
er
ico
n
s
i
ll
u
s
tr
ate
th
e
P
OI
o
f
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
b
u
s
s
to
p
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
g
u
id
an
ce
t
h
at
u
s
er
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
to
en
ter
t
h
e
b
u
s
s
to
p
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
A
ll
o
f
th
e
m
ar
e
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
a
n
in
f
o
w
in
d
o
w
th
a
t
co
n
tain
d
etai
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
n
ex
t
w
a
y
p
o
in
t
to
t
u
r
n
r
ig
h
t
o
r
t
u
r
n
le
f
t
as
w
ell
a
s
it
s
d
is
t
an
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
u
s
er
’
s
lo
ca
tio
n
.
A
n
i
n
tu
iti
v
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
also
ad
d
ed
t
o
in
f
o
r
m
s
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
P
OI
m
ar
k
er
ico
n
w
i
ll
ch
a
n
g
e
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
u
s
e
r
is
n
ea
r
(
less
t
h
a
n
2
0
m
)
to
th
e
f
in
a
l t
ar
g
et
d
esti
n
atio
n
lo
ca
tio
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
b
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
0
6
0
-
3068
3066
2
.
7
.
User
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
As
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
I
E
E
E
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
[
2
8
]
,
v
alid
atio
n
n
ee
d
ed
to
c
h
ec
k
w
h
eth
er
all
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alitie
s
h
av
e
s
atis
f
ied
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
g
ath
er
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
,
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
b
o
th
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
AR
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
w
h
ich
w
a
s
b
u
ilt
b
ased
o
n
o
u
r
in
s
i
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
,
w
e
test
s
ev
er
al
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
to
p
o
f
an
An
d
r
o
id
p
l
atf
o
r
m
.
To
g
ath
er
d
etailed
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
in
to
n
av
i
g
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
u
s
ab
i
lit
y
test
i
n
g
is
u
s
ed
.
W
e
as
k
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
d
o
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
ask
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
as
in
f
ield
s
t
u
d
y
p
h
ase
w
i
th
b
o
th
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
AR
an
d
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
in
b
lin
d
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
d
ir
ec
ted
s
ea
r
ch
.
W
ith
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
n
av
ig
at
io
n
m
ar
k
er
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
R
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e,
a
u
s
e
r
w
o
u
ld
s
ee
at
lea
s
t
o
n
e
n
e
x
t
w
a
y
p
o
i
n
t
an
d
h
is
f
i
n
al
tar
g
et.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
er
o
n
l
y
n
ee
d
to
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
P
OI
g
u
id
an
ce
to
g
o
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Op
p
o
s
itel
y
,
w
h
en
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
,
a
u
s
er
d
o
n
’
t
h
a
v
e
a
clu
e
ab
o
u
t
w
h
en
to
tu
r
n
le
f
t o
r
tu
r
n
r
i
g
h
t to
g
o
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
ten
u
t
ilized
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
v
er
if
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
v
alid
ati
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
I
E
E
E
s
tan
d
a
r
d
v
alid
atio
n
[
3
0
]
,
ti
m
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
es
s
r
ate
m
en
tio
n
ed
as
p
ar
a
m
eter
f
o
r
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tn
es
s
,
s
o
w
e
u
s
e
tr
a
v
el
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
es
s
r
ate
as
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
n
d
icato
r
to
co
m
p
ar
at
iv
el
y
e
v
al
u
ated
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
AR
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
test
i
n
g
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
es
w
er
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
:
1
)
R
eq
u
ir
ed
tim
e:
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
ti
m
e
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
P
OI
b
ein
g
d
is
p
la
y
ed
o
n
th
e
AR
s
cr
ee
n
u
n
til
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
eir
ar
r
iv
al
o
n
P
OI
lo
ca
tio
n
.
2
)
Su
cc
ess
r
ate:
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
r
r
ec
t
r
o
a
d
s
elec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
n
tire
r
o
u
te,
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e.
3
)
Deg
r
ee
o
f
u
s
ab
ilit
y
:
d
e
f
in
ed
as
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
c
h
u
s
ab
ilit
y
f
ac
to
r
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
,
lear
n
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
.
C
ap
tu
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
th
at
co
m
p
leted
af
ter
all
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
an
d
p
r
ese
n
ted
as
a
m
ea
n
r
an
k
i
n
g
.
4
)
Ge
n
er
al
c
o
m
m
e
n
t
s
:
C
ap
t
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
esp
o
k
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
test
i
n
g
,
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
te
s
ti
n
g
is
d
o
n
e
w
ith
th
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e
o
n
p
ar
ticip
an
t
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
W
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
b
ased
o
n
[
3
1
]
to
g
et
s
o
m
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
a
n
d
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ab
o
u
t
o
u
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
co
v
er
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
i.e
.
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
,
lear
n
ab
ili
t
y
,
an
d
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
esti
n
g
r
esu
lt
o
f
ea
ch
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
’
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ab
o
u
t
u
s
ab
ili
t
y
f
ac
to
r
s
d
eg
r
ee
th
at
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
0
0
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
A
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
es
cr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
te
s
ti
n
g
r
es
u
lt
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
T
e
st
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
R
(
M
e
a
n
)
/
(
S
D
)
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
R
(
M
e
a
n
)
/
(
S
D
)
T
i
me
(
mi
n
u
t
e
s)
:
-
B
l
i
n
d
S
e
a
r
c
h
1
4
.
9
/
2
.
1
3
5
.
4
0
/
1
.
4
0
-
D
i
r
e
c
t
e
d
S
e
a
r
c
h
7
.
8
6
/
1
.
1
0
5
.
1
2
/
0
.
8
6
S
u
c
c
e
ss
R
a
t
e
:
-
B
l
i
n
d
S
e
a
r
c
h
1
0
0
%
1
0
0
%
-
D
i
r
e
c
t
e
d
S
e
a
r
c
h
1
0
0
%
1
0
0
%
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
s :
Q
1
:
T
h
i
s
sy
st
e
m p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
w
i
l
l
a
l
l
o
w
me
t
o
f
i
n
d
a
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
a
s
t
e
r
7
3
.
6
/
5
.
0
8
9
4
/
9
.
6
6
Q
2
:
T
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
o
v
e
r
l
a
i
d
o
n
c
a
me
r
a
scre
e
n
i
s h
e
l
p
f
u
l
.
7
9
.
1
/
5
.
3
6
9
0
/
1
0
.
5
4
Q
3
:
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
t
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
i
s e
a
sy
f
o
r
me
6
8
.
1
/
3
.
2
8
9
1
/
9
.
9
4
Q
4
:
I
t
h
i
n
k
t
h
a
t
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
f
i
t
s w
e
l
l
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
w
a
y
I
l
i
k
e
t
o
u
se
a
mo
b
i
l
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
8
3
.
3
/
8
.
0
3
8
7
/
1
1
.
6
0
Q
5
:
W
h
e
n
e
v
e
r
I
mak
e
a
mi
s
t
a
k
e
i
n
si
d
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
,
I
c
o
u
l
d
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
e
a
si
l
y
a
n
d
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
7
5
.
1
/
4
.
7
2
9
3
/
9
.
4
9
Q
6
:
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
I
’
m sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
a
n
d
I
t
h
i
n
k
t
h
i
s sy
st
e
m c
o
mp
l
e
t
e
t
a
s
k
i
s
h
e
l
p
f
u
l
.
7
9
.
3
/
1
.
6
4
9
5
/
7
.
0
7
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
atter
n
is
s
i
m
ilar
,
m
ea
n
in
g
ite
m
s
w
er
e
s
co
r
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
b
etter
in
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
th
a
t
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
UJ
M
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
ap
p
s
co
u
ld
h
elp
u
s
er
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
w
i
th
s
a
m
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
r
ate,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
to
tal
ti
m
e
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
ea
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
co
n
d
itio
n
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
m
p
l
eted
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
tas
k
f
a
s
ter
w
i
th
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
s
y
s
te
m
,
f
o
r
b
lin
d
s
ea
r
c
h
s
ce
n
ar
io
(
Me
an
=
5
.
4
,
Min
=
4
,
an
d
Ma
x
=
8
.
8
3
)
w
h
ile
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
i
s
(
Me
an
=
1
4
.
9
,
Min
=1
2
,
an
d
Ma
x
=2
0
)
.
Dir
ec
ted
s
ea
r
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
r
ev
e
al
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
r
esu
lt
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
also
h
a
v
e
b
etter
ti
m
e
(
Me
an
=5
.
1
2
,
Min
=4
,
an
d
Ma
x
=7
)
th
an
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
(
Me
an
=7
.
8
6
,
Min
=6
.
6
,
an
d
Ma
x
=1
0
)
.
T
h
is
d
ata
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
p
r
esen
ti
n
g
P
OI
as
a
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
n
av
ig
at
io
n
ca
n
b
e
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
ab
le
to
u
s
er
r
ath
er
t
h
an
d
is
p
la
y
m
an
y
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
P
OI
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
cr
ee
n
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
P
ar
ticip
an
ts
a
ls
o
m
ad
e
s
i
m
ilar
co
m
m
en
t
s
i
n
f
a
v
o
r
o
f
o
u
r
AR
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
ti
m
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
es
s
r
ate.
“
[
Sta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
effec
tive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
...
(
K
o
ma
n
g
C
a
n
d
r
a
B
r
a
ta
)
3067
AR
]
co
u
ld
lead
to
lo
t
s
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
s
ea
s
il
y
.
I
t
w
a
s
co
n
f
u
s
i
n
g
,
h
ar
d
to
f
o
llo
w
,
an
d
t
i
m
e
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
.
”
O
n
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
w
h
o
f
ail
s
to
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
n
o
ted
t
h
at
“it
w
as
n
o
t
ea
s
y
to
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
P
OI
o
b
j
ec
t
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
it
w
as
p
lace
d
b
eh
in
d
an
o
th
er
b
u
ild
in
g
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
b
lin
d
s
ea
r
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
”.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
r
ated
m
o
r
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
t
h
an
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
n
e,
th
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
m
ad
e
s
ev
er
al
co
m
m
e
n
ts
ab
o
u
t
d
r
if
t
p
r
o
b
lem
.
On
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
s
tated
,
“
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
is
v
er
y
in
t
u
iti
v
e
to
u
s
e
b
u
t
s
o
m
eti
m
e
th
er
e
is
a
m
i
s
m
atch
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
an
d
th
e
au
g
m
e
n
tati
o
n
s
s
o
n
ee
d
p
r
ec
is
e
GP
S
co
o
r
d
in
ate,
”
an
d
a
n
o
th
e
r
n
o
ted
th
a
t
“
e
v
en
t
h
e
P
OI
a
u
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
w
er
e
n
o
t
ex
ac
t
l
y
m
atc
h
i
n
g
(
o
n
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t o
b
j
ec
t)
,
b
u
t
w
it
h
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
n
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
,
I
co
u
ld
ea
s
i
l
y
g
u
es
s
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t lo
ca
tio
n
.
”
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
p
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
to
g
ath
er
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
a
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
ap
p
l
icatio
n
f
o
r
p
ed
estrian
u
s
a
g
e.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
p
in
g
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
h
ile
in
v
es
tig
a
tin
g
th
e
r
ea
l
u
s
er
’
s
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
th
e
ir
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
e
o
u
r
co
n
ce
p
t,
b
o
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
ad
b
ee
n
test
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
in
an
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
an
d
a
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
s
w
ell.
O
v
er
all,
th
e
t
w
o
ap
p
licatio
n
s
tied
w
it
h
r
es
p
ec
t
to
s
u
cc
e
s
s
r
ate
cr
iter
ia.
N
ev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
AR
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
till
n
ee
d
to
r
eso
lv
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
r
ev
ea
l
ed
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
to
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
er
th
at
th
e
k
e
y
to
m
a
k
e
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
ca
n
ef
f
icien
tl
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
its
u
s
er
w
as
h
o
w
t
h
e
P
OI
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t p
h
o
n
e
s
cr
ee
n
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
P
OI
s
in
th
e
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
ca
n
b
e
co
n
f
u
s
i
n
g
,
u
s
er
s
ar
e
ea
s
ier
to
lear
n
t
h
e
s
tep
b
y
s
te
p
P
OI
s
ce
n
a
r
io
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
t
h
at
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
l
y
e
n
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
ac
tio
n
(
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
tr
av
el
ti
m
e)
w
h
en
u
s
i
n
g
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
A
R
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
al
s
o
p
r
o
v
es
th
a
t
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
m
ap
i
s
an
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
ea
r
l
y
p
h
ase
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
s
i
g
h
t
f
o
r
m
u
s
er
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
co
u
ld
h
elp
d
ev
elo
p
er
tea
m
to
b
u
ild
r
ap
id
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
t
h
at
co
n
s
id
er
h
u
m
an
f
ac
to
r
s
to
d
ev
e
l
o
p
a
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
lev
el
a
s
w
ell.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R
.
T
.
A
z
u
m
a
,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
A
u
g
m
e
n
ted
Re
a
li
ty
,
”
Pre
se
n
c
e
T
e
l
e
o
p
e
ra
to
rs
a
n
d
V
irtu
a
l
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
,
p
p
.
3
5
5
-
3
8
5
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
]
S.
L
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ub
ii
:
P
h
y
sic
a
l
W
o
rld
In
tera
c
ti
o
n
t
h
ro
u
g
h
A
u
g
m
e
n
ted
Re
a
li
ty
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
o
b
i
le
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
16
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
872
-
8
8
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
S
.
J.
He
n
d
e
rso
n
a
n
d
S
.
K.
F
e
in
e
r
,
“
A
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
in
th
e
p
sy
c
h
o
m
o
to
r
p
h
a
se
o
f
a
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
ra
l
tas
k
,
”
Pro
c
.
1
0
th
IEE
E
In
t.
S
y
m
p
.
M
ixe
d
A
u
g
me
n
te
d
Rea
li
ty
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
-
2
0
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
D.
S
c
h
m
a
lsti
e
g
a
n
d
D.W
a
g
n
e
r,
“
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
s
w
it
h
h
a
n
d
h
e
ld
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
ty
,
”
Pro
c
.
6
th
IEE
E
A
CM
In
t.
S
y
mp
.
M
ixe
d
Au
g
me
n
ted
Rea
li
ty
,
p
p
.
3
-
18
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
W
.
Na
rz
t,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rv
a
siv
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
A
c
q
u
isit
i
o
n
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
e
A
R
-
Na
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
F
if
th
IEE
E
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
ms
&
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
K.
C.
Bra
ta,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
n
g
e
m
b
a
n
g
a
n
A
p
li
k
a
si
M
o
b
il
e
A
u
g
m
e
n
ted
Re
a
li
ty
u
n
tu
k
M
e
n
d
u
k
u
n
g
P
e
n
g
e
n
a
lan
Ko
lek
si
M
u
se
u
m
,”
J
u
rn
a
l
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
I
n
f
o
rm
a
si d
a
n
Ilm
u
K
o
mp
u
ter
(
J
T
IIK)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
5
(
3
),
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
W
ik
it
u
d
e
,
“
W
ik
it
u
d
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
7
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
w
i
k
it
u
d
e
.
c
o
m
/
.
[8
]
M
ix
a
re
,
“
M
ix
a
re
–
Op
e
n
S
o
u
rc
e
AR E
n
g
in
e
,
”
2
0
1
7
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
m
i
x
a
re
.
o
rg
/
.
[9
]
J.
Kra
m
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
u
se
r
-
c
e
n
tere
d
d
e
sig
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
p
e
rso
n
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,”
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
A
CM
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
43
(
8
),
p
p
.
44
-
48
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
R.
Ba
k
e
r,
“
P
e
rso
n
a
s a
n
d
Jo
u
rn
e
y
M
a
p
s
,”
Ag
i
le UX
S
t
o
ry
telli
n
g
.
A
p
re
ss
,
Ber
k
e
le
y
,
CA
,
p
p
.
75
-
80
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
L
.
Do
v
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
i
g
h
twe
ig
h
t
jo
u
r
n
e
y
m
a
p
p
in
g
:
T
h
e
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
a
n
d
u
se
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
u
st
o
m
e
r
d
riv
e
n
n
a
rra
ti
v
e
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
6
CHI
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Exte
n
d
e
d
Ab
stra
c
ts
o
n
Hu
ma
n
Fa
c
to
rs
in
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
S
y
ste
ms
.
ACM
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
H.
M
o
o
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
e
sig
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
f
o
r
a
c
u
sto
m
e
r
jo
u
rn
e
y
m
a
p
:
A
c
a
se
stu
d
y
o
n
m
o
b
il
e
se
rv
ic
e
s
,”
Hu
ma
n
F
a
c
to
rs
a
n
d
Erg
o
n
o
mic
s in
M
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
ri
n
g
&
S
e
rv
ice
In
d
u
strie
s
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
26
(
4
),
p
p
.
5
0
1
-
5
1
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
J.
L
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
M
a
p
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
M
a
p
to
De
sig
n
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
S
e
r
v
ice
,”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Hu
ma
n
Fa
c
to
rs
a
n
d
Er
g
o
n
o
mic
s
in
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
.
S
p
rin
g
e
r In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
-
2
0
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
K.
C.
Bra
ta
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
Hid
a
y
a
tu
ll
o
h
,
“
A
n
id
e
a
o
f
in
t
u
it
iv
e
m
o
b
il
e
d
io
p
ter
c
a
lcu
lato
r
f
o
r
m
y
o
p
ia
p
a
ti
e
n
t
,”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
7
(1
)
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
M
.
S
p
e
ich
e
r,
“
W
h
a
t
is
u
sa
b
il
it
y
?
a
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
IS
O
9
2
4
1
-
1
1
a
n
d
IS
O/IEC
2
5
0
1
0
,
”
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rep
o
rt
;
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
T
e
c
h
n
isc
h
e
Un
ive
rs
it
a
t
Ch
e
mn
it
z
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
W
.
E.
M
a
c
k
a
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
in
v
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
f
a
m
il
iar:
e
x
p
lo
rin
g
a
n
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
d
e
si
g
n
sp
a
c
e
f
o
r
a
ir
tra
ff
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
S
IG
CHI
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
H
u
ma
n
fa
c
t
o
rs
in
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
sy
ste
ms
.
ACM
Pre
ss
/A
d
d
iso
n
-
W
e
sle
y
Pu
b
li
sh
in
g
C
o
.
,
1
9
9
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
0
6
0
-
3068
3068
[1
7
]
W
.
E.
M
a
c
k
a
y
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
F
a
y
a
rd
,
“
De
sig
n
in
g
in
tera
c
ti
v
e
p
a
p
e
r:
les
so
n
s
f
ro
m
t
h
re
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
ty
p
ro
jec
ts
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
wo
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
A
u
g
me
n
ted
Re
a
li
ty:
p
la
c
i
n
g
a
rtif
icia
l
o
b
jec
ts
i
n
re
a
l
sc
e
n
e
s: p
la
c
in
g
a
rti
fi
c
ia
l
o
b
jec
ts i
n
re
a
l
sc
e
n
e
s
.
AK
Pete
rs
,
L
td
.
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
8
]
W
.
L
id
we
ll
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
p
rin
c
ip
les
o
f
d
e
sig
n
,
re
v
ise
d
a
n
d
u
p
d
a
ted
:
1
2
5
w
a
y
s
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
u
sa
b
il
it
y
,
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
,
i
n
c
re
a
se
a
p
p
e
a
l,
m
a
k
e
b
e
tt
e
r
d
e
sig
n
d
e
c
isio
n
s,
a
n
d
tea
c
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
e
sig
n
,”
R
o
c
k
p
o
rt
P
u
b
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
9
]
L
.
F
a
u
lk
n
e
r,
“
Be
y
o
n
d
th
e
f
iv
e
-
u
se
r
a
ss
u
m
p
ti
o
n
:
Be
n
e
f
it
s
o
f
in
c
re
a
se
d
sa
m
p
le
siz
e
s
in
u
sa
b
il
it
y
tes
t
in
g
,”
Beh
a
v
io
r
Res
e
a
rc
h
M
e
th
o
d
s,
I
n
stru
me
n
ts,
&
Co
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
35
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
-
3
8
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
0
]
L
.
Nig
a
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
b
i
le
a
n
d
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
ty
:
A
sc
e
n
a
rio
b
a
se
d
d
e
sig
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,”
Hu
m
a
n
Co
mp
u
ter
I
n
ter
a
c
ti
o
n
wit
h
M
o
b
il
e
De
v
ice
s
,
pp.
2
4
1
-
2
5
5
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
1
]
F.
S
e
g
e
lströ
m
,
“
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
n
g
th
ro
u
g
h
v
isu
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
s:
S
e
rv
ice
d
e
si
g
n
e
rs
o
n
v
isu
a
li
z
in
g
u
se
r
re
se
a
rc
h
,”
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
S
e
rv
De
s.
2
0
0
9
;
De
T
h
i
n
k
in
g
S
e
rv
ice
;
R
e
T
h
in
k
in
g
De
sig
n
;
Os
lo
No
rwa
y
2
4
-
26
No
v
e
mb
e
r 2
0
0
9
.
N
o
.
0
5
9
.
L
in
k
ö
p
i
n
g
U
n
ive
rs
it
y
El
e
c
tro
n
ic P
re
ss
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
2
]
B.
L
o
k
,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
u
se
r
in
terf
a
c
e
s,
”
in
Hu
ma
n
Co
mp
u
ter
In
ter
a
c
ti
o
n
Ch
a
p
th
e
r
4
,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
&
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
c
ien
c
e
&
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
F
lo
ri
d
a
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
G
.
Be
rn
a
rd
a
n
d
P
.
A
n
d
rit
so
s
,
“
A
P
r
o
c
e
ss
M
in
i
n
g
Ba
se
d
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
Cu
sto
m
e
r
Jo
u
rn
e
y
M
a
p
p
in
g
,”
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
T
.
Ho
w
a
rd
,
“
Jo
u
rn
e
y
m
a
p
p
in
g
:
A
b
rief
o
v
e
r
v
ie
w
,”
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
De
sig
n
Qu
a
rte
rly
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
(
3
),
p
p
.
10
-
13
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
K.
C.
Bra
ta,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
-
Ba
se
d
A
u
g
m
e
n
ted
Re
a
li
ty
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Bu
s
Ro
u
te
P
la
n
n
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
5
(
1
),
p
p
.
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
R.
W
.
Si
n
n
o
tt
,
“
Virtu
e
s
o
f
th
e
Ha
v
e
rsin
e
,
”
S
k
y
a
n
d
tele
sc
o
p
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
68
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
,
1
9
8
4
.
[2
7
]
A
.
Bo
lt
o
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
s
o
f
lan
d
m
a
rk
-
b
a
s
e
d
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
a
h
e
a
d
-
u
p
d
is
p
lay
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Au
t
o
mo
t
ive
Us
e
r
In
ter
fa
c
e
s
a
n
d
I
n
ter
a
c
ti
v
e
Veh
icu
la
r
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
ACM
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
8
]
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter S
o
c
iety
, “
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rd
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
T
e
st
Do
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
IEE
E
S
t
d
8
2
9
™
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
9
]
P.
Zah
a
rias
a
n
d
A
.
P
o
y
l
y
m
e
n
a
k
o
u
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
u
sa
b
il
it
y
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
e
-
lea
rn
in
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
Be
y
o
n
d
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
u
sa
b
il
it
y
,”
In
tl
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
u
ma
n
–
Co
m
p
u
ter
I
n
ter
a
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l/
iss
u
e
:
25
(
1
),
p
p
.
75
-
98
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
0
]
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
,
“
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rd
f
o
r
S
y
ste
m
a
n
d
S
o
f
twa
r
e
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
,
”
I
EE
E
S
td
1
0
1
2
™
-
2
0
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
1
]
T
.
Olss
o
n
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
lo
,
“
On
l
in
e
u
se
r
su
rv
e
y
o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
m
o
b
il
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
t
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
M
ixe
d
a
n
d
Au
g
me
n
te
d
Rea
l
it
y
(
IS
M
AR
),
1
0
t
h
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
,
p
p
.
75
-
84
,
2
0
1
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
K
o
m
a
n
g
Ca
n
d
r
a
B
r
a
ta
is
a
Lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Bra
w
ij
a
y
a
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
S
c
d
e
g
re
e
in
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ce
n
tral
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
T
a
i
w
a
n
in
2
0
1
4
a
s
a
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Du
a
l
De
g
re
e
M
a
ste
r
stu
d
e
n
t
b
e
tw
e
e
n
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
o
f
Bra
w
ij
a
y
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
a
n
d
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ce
n
tral
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
He
c
o
m
p
let
e
d
h
is
B
a
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
c
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Br
a
w
ij
a
y
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
in
2
0
1
2
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
a
re
in
th
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
d
istri
b
u
ted
sy
ste
m
s,
m
o
b
il
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
de
e
p
lea
rn
in
g
a
n
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
re
a
li
ty
.
De
r
o
n
Li
a
n
g
is
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ce
n
t
ra
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
BS
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
T
a
i
wa
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
1
9
8
3
,
a
M
S
a
n
d
a
P
h
D
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
M
a
r
y
lan
d
a
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
P
a
rk
,
US
A
in
1
9
9
1
a
n
d
1
9
9
2
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
H
e
a
lso
h
o
l
d
s
jo
i
n
t
a
p
p
o
in
tm
e
n
t
w
it
h
th
e
In
stit
u
te o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
(IIS
),
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
S
in
ica
,
T
a
ip
e
i,
T
a
i
w
a
n
,
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
Ch
in
a
.
He
w
a
s
w
it
h
IIS
f
ro
m
1
9
9
3
ti
ll
2
0
0
1
.
Dr.
L
ian
g
’
s
c
u
rre
n
t
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
in
th
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
so
f
t
wa
re
f
a
u
lt
-
to
lera
n
c
e
,
sy
st
e
m
se
c
u
rit
y
,
d
istri
b
u
ted
sy
ste
m
s,
o
b
jec
t
o
rien
ted
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis.
Dr.
L
ian
g
is a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
A
CM
a
n
d
IEE
E.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.