Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
J
un
e
201
9,
pp. 179
5~18
04
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v9
i
3
.
pp1795
-
18
04
1795
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Develop
ment
of
an auto
matic c
an
cr
ush
er usin
g
program
mable l
ogic c
ontrolle
r
N.
A. A
. Hadi
1
,
Li
m Hui
Yee
2
,
K.
A.
M.
Annuar
3
,
Z
ulhi
l
mi
Bi
n Z
aid
4
, Z
.A
Gh
an
i
5
,
M.
F
. Mo
hd A
b H
alim
6
Am
ar
Fa
iz
Z
aina
l
Ab
idi
n
7
,
M
.B.
N.
Sh
ah
8
1,
2,7
Cent
re
for Te
le
comm
unic
atio
n
Resea
r
ch &
In
novat
ion
(CeT
RI
),
Fakul
ti T
ekno
l
ogi
Kejur
u
te
r
aa
n
Elektri
k
&
El
ektronik
(FTK
EE
), Univer
si
ti
Te
knik
al
Ma
lay
s
ia
Me
la
ka
(UT
e
M)
,
Malay
si
a
3
,4,5
,6,8
Cent
re
for Robotic
s
and
In
dustria
l
Autom
ation
(CeRIA)
,
Fa
kult
i Te
kno
logi
Kejur
ute
r
aa
n
Ele
ktri
k
&
El
ektronik
(FTK
EE
), Univer
si
ti
Te
knik
al
Ma
lay
s
ia
Me
la
ka
(UT
e
M)
,
Malay
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
11
, 201
8
Re
vised N
ov 20, 2
01
8
Accepte
d Dec
11, 201
8
The
inve
n
ti
on
of
a
ca
n
cru
sher
m
ac
hin
e
in
thi
s
pr
oje
c
t
is
to
red
uc
e
the
waste
d
storage
spac
e
oc
cupi
ed
b
y
the
tr
emendous
amount
of
use
a
luminium
ca
n
a
t
the
comm
erc
ia
l
esta
bli
shm
ent
li
ke
in
the
rest
aur
ant,
ca
f
et
er
ia
and
bar
.
Basic
a
lly
,
ca
n
cr
usher
m
ac
hine
be
oper
a
te
d
in
m
anua
l
e
ffort
and
ti
m
e
in
th
e
ca
n
cru
shing
pro
ce
ss
.
Shrinking
t
he
initi
al
vo
lume
of
empt
y
used
-
al
um
ini
um
ca
ns
down
to
50
%
in
m
ore
eff
ec
ti
ve
,
faste
r
and
e
ffort
le
ss
wa
y
,
as
well
as
to
deve
lop
a
low
-
c
ost
devi
ce
tha
t
i
s
suita
ble
for
th
e
sm
al
l
-
in
dustr
y
usage
are
m
ai
nl
y
the
objecti
v
es
for
th
e
A
utomati
c
C
an
C
rusher,
wher
e
a
n
aut
om
ated
proc
ess
is
execu
te
d
in
Autom
ati
c
Can
Crusher
d
ue
to
th
e
au
tomati
on
in
the
m
oder
n
world
i
s
ine
vitabl
e
and
nom
ina
l
to
be
used.
The
Aut
om
at
ic
C
an
Crusher
is
run
by
a
Prog
ramm
abl
e
Logic
Controller
(PLC)
with
t
he
ai
d
of
a
n
induc
ti
v
e
and
c
apa
c
it
iv
e
sensor,
where
it
is
ap
pli
ed
to
d
et
e
ct
whethe
r
th
e
obje
c
t
is
m
etal
o
r
non
-
m
et
al.
Ov
era
l
l,
the
s
y
st
em
ca
n
be
controll
e
d
m
anua
l
l
y
through
the
push
start
and
stop
butt
on
as
well
a
s
usi
ng
the
Human
Mac
hin
e
Inte
rfa
ce
(HM
I)
using
NB
-
Desi
gner
,
for
display
ing
th
e
total
of
ca
ns
bei
n
g
cru
shed
per
da
y
.
The
ave
r
age
res
ult
of
empt
y
c
an
coul
d
shrink
fr
om
31%
to
60
%
of
th
e
or
ig
ina
l
v
al
u
e,
b
y
using
the
attuned
a
nd
compati
b
le
p
ressure
for
thi
s s
y
st
e
m.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Au
t
om
ation
Ca
n
cr
usher
HMI
PLC
Pn
e
um
atic
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
N.
A. A
. Hadi
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
ro
nics
& C
om
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng Tec
hnology,
Fakult
i
Tek
no
l
og
i
Ke
j
ur
utera
an
Ele
ktrik &
Ele
ktronik,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knikal M
al
ay
sia
Mel
aka,
Hang T
ua
h
Jay
a, 76
100 D
ur
ia
n
T
unggal
, Me
la
ka,
Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
: nikazra
n@utem
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Nowa
days,
be
ver
a
ge
s
uch
as
carbon
at
e
d
soft
dr
i
nk
s
,
al
co
ho
li
c
be
ver
a
ge
s,
juice
s
an
d
energy
dr
i
nk
s
are
m
ade
up
of
al
um
inium
and
it
is
pr
oven
that
75
%
of
w
or
l
dw
i
de
producti
on
of
be
ver
a
ge
co
m
es
in
al
umi
niu
m
.
Thu
s,
it
is
necess
ary
to
recyc
le
al
umi
niu
m
as
recyc
l
ing
is
sig
nificant
in
t
od
a
y’s
w
or
l
d,
in
orde
r
to
pr
ese
r
ve
our
li
m
it
ed
natural
r
eso
ur
ces
an
d
he
lp
in
prese
rv
i
ng
the
en
vir
on
m
ent.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
recyc
li
ng
not
only
can
help
t
o
ke
ep
the
la
ndfill
s
cl
ear,
but
it
can
al
s
o
hel
p
to
sav
e
ene
r
gy.
I
n
pro
du
ci
ng
a
ne
w
al
um
i
niu
m
bev
e
ra
ge
can
by
us
ing
a
recyc
le
d
al
um
inium
,
it
us
es
95
%
le
ss
energy
an
d
the
gree
nhou
se
gases
em
iss
ion
is
reduce
d
to
95
% com
par
ed
wi
th m
aking
a
ne
w
ca
n from
n
ew
m
at
erial
s.
Re
cy
cl
ing
play
s
an
i
m
po
rta
nt
ro
le
to
sa
ve
our
lim
i
te
d
natur
al
res
ource
s.
In
1972,
ap
pro
xim
a
te
ly
26,50
0
to
ns
of
al
um
iniu
m
cans
wer
e
recyc
l
ed
a
nd
to
day
t
hat
num
ber
is
est
i
m
at
ed
to
be
as
high
as
800,0
00
ton
s
.
Al
um
inium
is
on
e
of
the
easi
est
an
d
im
portant
m
at
erial
that
m
us
t
be
r
ecy
cl
ed
due
t
o
people
need
to
deal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1
794
-
1804
1796
with
the
t
rem
endo
us
am
ou
nt
of
em
pty
le
ftov
e
r
be
ve
rag
e
.
The
refo
re,
va
rio
us
res
earc
h
wa
s
car
ried
ou
t
t
o
fabrica
te
the ca
n
c
ru
s
he
r
m
achine and im
pr
ov
e the ca
n
c
ru
s
he
r
a
vaila
ble in rece
nt yea
rs.
A
recent
stu
dy
m
ade
by
[1]
con
cl
ud
e
d
that
it
has
a
research
on
the
w
orki
ng
pri
nci
ple
of
the
c
an
cru
s
he
r
in
a
pneum
at
ic
syst
e
m
us
ing
a
m
i
cro
c
ontrolle
r
a
s
the
bac
kbon
e
of
t
he
pro
j
e
ct
.
The
ai
m
of
this
researc
h
pap
e
r
is
to
reduce
t
he
scra
p
vo
l
um
e
of
the
ca
ns
so
that
m
or
e
wastes
can
be
recyc
le
d.
Accord
i
ng
t
o
the
resea
rc
h,
t
he
m
ini
m
u
m
op
erati
ng
press
ur
e
in
bar
to
c
ru
s
h
t
he
ca
n
i
s
3
ba
r
with
t
he
c
onditi
on
t
hat
the
pr
ess
ure
in
bar
to
stora
ge
ta
nk
m
us
t
reach
5
bar
pr
es
sure
to
tur
n
ON
t
he
com
pr
esso
r.
T
her
e
is
a
c
om
bin
at
io
n
of
el
ect
ronics
ci
rcu
it
as
5/2
s
olen
oid
valv
e
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
r
un
t
he
cy
li
nd
e
r
c
om
pr
essor
.
W
he
n
the
re
is
a
can
placed
in
the
fron
t
of
the
optose
nsor
,
5/2
di
recti
on
al
co
nt
ro
l
val
ve
will
op
erate
[2]
.
In
ad
diti
on
to
it
,
it
a
lso
added
a
nd
pro
po
se
d
that
in
orde
r
to
fu
lfil
l
the
e
nviro
nm
ent
pr
ot
ect
ion
re
quire
m
ent
in
desig
ning
a
can
cr
us
he
r
,
a
pn
e
um
at
ic
s
yst
e
m
is
no
rm
al
ly
co
m
po
sed
in
the
can
c
r
us
he
r
by
dr
i
vi
ng
t
he
pne
uma
ti
c
cy
li
nd
er
to
m
ov
e
forw
a
r
d
or
reversed
bac
kwar
d.
T
o
m
ake
it
sh
ort
,
a
n
a
utom
at
ic
can
cru
s
her
m
achine
c
an
sim
ply
reduce
t
he
vo
l
um
e
of
the
can
as
well
as
t
o
re
duce
the
hum
an
fati
gu
e.
By
app
ly
ing
t
he
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
l
le
r
an
d
sens
or
instea
d
o
f
m
anu
al
oper
at
ed
te
nd t
o give a bet
te
r res
ul
t and
a
ble t
o
r
un in
t
he
lo
ng t
erm
as in
the
f
uture.
Pr
og
ram
m
able
Log
ic
Co
ntr
ol
le
r
(P
LC)
is
an
in
du
st
rial
com
pu
te
r
that
r
ecei
ves
inputs
fr
om
inp
ut
dev
ic
es
an
d
i
nterprets
the
in
puts
a
nd
ge
ner
at
es
outp
ut
to
co
ntr
ol
pe
rip
her
a
l
ou
t
pu
t
de
vices.
T
he
in
put
de
vice
s
wh
ic
h
are
ei
th
er
anal
ogue
or
dig
it
al
are
re
cei
ved
from
s
ens
or
s
or
a
m
achine
in
t
he
form
of
vo
lt
ag
e
an
d
current.
P
rogr
a
m
m
able
Log
ic
Co
ntro
ll
er
(
P
LC)
is
a
co
ntr
oller
that
a
ble
to
inter
pret
an
d
c
onve
rt
the
s
tim
u
lus
to
the
CPU
the
reb
y
a
set
of
i
ns
tr
uctions
for
the
act
uator
s
t
o
operate
acco
rd
i
ng
to
the
outpu
t
seq
ue
nce
can
be
execu
te
d
acc
urat
el
y i
n
the in
dustria
l en
vir
on
m
ent
[3]
.
Pn
e
um
atic
syst
e
m
is
cl
assifi
ed
unde
r
“
Flu
id
P
ower
Co
nt
ro
l”
as
it
tra
ns
m
it
s
the
power
th
rou
gh
pr
ess
uri
zed
ga
s
or
li
qu
id
.
Co
ntr
ol
valves
ar
e
us
ed
to
co
ntr
ol
the
flow
dir
ect
ion
,
press
ure
and
flo
w
rate
of
the
com
pr
essed
ai
r
so
t
hat
it
can
w
ork
well
w
it
h
the
act
uato
r
f
or
the
powe
r
co
ntr
ol
ap
plica
ti
on
[
4]
.
T
he
m
ai
n
reason
for
the
extensi
vely
use
d
of
pn
e
u
m
at
ic
syst
e
m
in
fluid
powe
r
con
t
ro
l
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
es
pecial
ly
in
seq
uen
ti
al
and
rep
et
it
ive oper
at
ion
s is that t
he
si
m
plici
t
y, econom
ic
al
an
d
it
p
rovid
e an out
sta
nd
in
g
a
dv
a
ntage
in term
s o
f
sa
f
et
y i
n
the
pneu
m
at
ic
syst
e
m
[
5]
.
This
paper
disc
us
ses
ab
out
de
sign
an
d
fa
br
ic
at
e
of
a
ca
n
c
r
usher
m
achine
that
ope
rates
a
ut
om
a
ti
cal
l
y
with
the
ai
ds
of
t
he
se
ns
or
by
us
in
g
a
PLC
co
ntr
oller
to
c
on
t
ro
l
t
he
seq
ue
nce
of
t
he
can
c
r
us
he
r.
The
al
um
inu
m
can
the
re
by
r
edu
ce
70%
of
it
s
init
ia
l
vo
lum
e
so
that
it
can
ov
e
rc
om
e
the
sto
rag
e
pr
ob
le
m
people
f
ace
f
or
the
recyc
li
ng
pur
po
se
.
It
sta
rts
with
the
cru
s
hing
process
a
nd
the
re
j
ect
io
n
process
wh
e
r
e
bo
th
sens
or
s
are
put
in
the
ope
rati
on
of this
par
t a
s in
t
he
sel
ect
ion o
f
al
um
inu
m
can
or
plasti
c.
2.
SY
STE
M CO
NS
I
DER
ATI
ON
The
c
or
e
of
th
e
autom
at
ic
ca
n
cr
ush
er
m
ac
hin
e
c
onsist
s
of
t
he
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
t
he
s
of
t
war
e
a
nd
hard
war
e
us
in
g
a
PLC.
Fig
ure
1
s
hows
the
blo
c
k
dia
gr
am
for
the
a
uto
m
at
ic
can
cru
s
he
r
m
achine.
T
his
blo
c
k
diag
ram
sh
ow
s
the
PLC
con
tr
oller
will
be
getti
ng
the
input
from
the
sensors
to
init
ia
te
th
e
cor
rect
co
ndit
ions
to
co
ntr
ol
the
ou
t
pu
t
se
quenc
e
of
t
he
pn
e
um
at
ic
cylinder
for
the
sp
eci
fi
c
act
uation
by
su
pply
in
g
pres
su
re
t
o
the
el
ect
ro
-
pne
um
atic
valve
f
or
th
e
cy
li
nd
er to
functi
on.
T
he
sens
or
at
the b
ottom
of
the h
op
per
w
il
l
sense
th
e
obj
ect
dro
p
i
nto
th
e
cr
usher
m
achine
wh
et
he
r
to
re
j
ect
t
he
obje
ct
or
c
rus
h
th
e
bev
e
ra
ge
can
us
i
ng
the
la
dd
e
r
pro
gr
am
m
ing
i
n
the
PLC
[
6]
.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
th
e
PLC
ca
n
al
s
o
inte
rf
ace
wit
h
Hu
m
an
Ma
c
hin
e
I
nterf
ace
(H
MI
)
wh
e
re
HMI
prov
i
des
a
t
ou
c
h
screen
that
e
na
bles
the
us
e
r
to
m
on
it
or
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
the
oper
at
ion
of
t
he
m
a
chin
e
as
it
pr
ovi
des
pu
s
h
butt
on
as
well
as
the
li
ght
ind
ic
at
io
n
on
the
t
ou
c
h
sc
r
een
to
c
ontrol
the
proces
s
fl
ow
an
d
m
on
it
or
the
sequ
e
nce
of
the
can
cr
us
he
r
w
hethe
r
it
is
in
op
e
rati
onal
m
od
e
or
sto
p
m
o
de.
T
his
al
so
c
an
be
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
the
butt
ons
on
t
he
ha
r
dw
a
re.
Be
sides,
it
al
so
pro
vid
es
a
rea
dout
gra
ph
ic
al
disp
la
ye
d
t
o
di
sp
la
y
the
num
ber
of
cans
c
rushe
d
by
the
cr
usher
m
achine.
T
he
m
achine
al
so
c
an
m
inu
s
the
num
ber
of
c
ru
s
he
d
ca
n
m
anu
al
ly
if
the
re
is
a
fail
case
that
the
use
r
wan
ts
t
o
re
j
ect
.
The
w
ho
le
process
of
t
he
ca
n
cr
usher
m
achine
is
si
m
ply e
xp
la
in
ed
th
r
ough the
flo
w
c
har
t i
n F
igure
2.
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Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n a
utom
atic can cr
us
he
r
usi
ng
pro
gr
am
m
ab
le
l
og
ic
co
nt
ro
ll
er
(
N. A.
A.
Had
i
)
1797
Figure
1.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
a
uto
m
at
ic
c
an
c
ru
s
he
r
m
achin
Figure
2
.
The
op
e
rati
on
of
t
he
a
uto
m
at
ic
c
an
c
ru
s
he
r
3.
HARD
WA
RE
IM
PLE
MEN
TATION
Figure
3
show
s
the
diag
ram
of
the
syst
e
m
.
The
Cy
li
nder
A,
B
an
d
C
ar
e
the
outp
ut
of
the
pro
gr
am
,
in
wh
ic
h
it
is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
th
e
sing
le
so
le
noid
valve
with
s
pr
i
ng
return.
Me
anin
g
to
sa
y
that,
the
valv
es
are
the
ou
t
put
of
t
he
syst
e
m
.
All
the
valves
a
re
br
i
ng
i
ng
c
onne
ct
ed
to
the
outpu
t
of
the
PLC
.
The
outp
ut
is
bei
ng
se
t
for
the
24V
.
By
this,
one
wire
of
the
val
ve
s
hould
be
c
onnected
t
o
th
e
ou
t
pu
t,
w
hile
ano
t
her
is
c
on
nected
to
the
gro
und.
This
ap
plies
the
sam
e
fo
r
each
com
ponen
t
that
connecte
d
to
the
outp
ut.
Me
anwhil
e,
f
or
the
input,
it
wo
r
ks
ano
the
r
way.
The
in
pu
t
is
b
e
ing
set
on
the
gro
und.
T
hus,
the
connecti
on
that
connecte
d
to
the
input
shou
l
d
be
groun
d
an
d
ano
t
her
would
be
on
24
V.
It
con
sist
s
of
a
ro
ll
er
s
witc
h
to
detect
the
c
yl
ind
er
wh
et
her
it
is
f
ul
ly
retract
ed
or
not.
The
exte
nd
par
t
co
uld
no
t
be
place
d
in
du
e
to
the
desi
gn
of
the
m
echan
ism
is n
ot su
it
able
wh
e
re t
he hop
per sp
ace
m
us
t be
preci
se en
ough
f
or
c
r
us
hi
ng
pur
po
se
.
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t J
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p
En
g,
V
ol.
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, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1
794
-
1804
1798
Figure
3
.
The
c
onnecti
on
betw
een th
e
c
yl
ind
e
r,
v
al
ve
,
r
oller
and PLC t
hat i
nvolv
e
s the
a
ut
om
atic
c
an
c
ru
s
he
r
to
com
plete
it
s ta
sk
The
ha
r
dw
a
re
connecti
on
w
as
the
first
te
st
with
the
functi
on
al
i
ty
of
the
cy
li
nd
ers
and
valves
.
Af
te
r
te
sti
ng
it
,
ne
xt
w
ould
be
on
the
se
nso
rs
w
hich
inclu
de
the
i
nductiv
e
and
capaci
ti
ve
sens
or.
T
he
whole
prototype
is
f
orm
ed
based
on
the
placi
ng
a
s
in
a
bove
Fig
u
re
3.
T
he
ca
n
is
te
ste
d
to
dr
op
into
the
ho
pp
e
r
wh
e
re
t
he
se
nsor
locat
ed
at
t
he
bo
tt
om
of
it
.
The
m
echan
is
m
is
bein
g
de
s
ign
e
d
base
d
on
the
re
qu
i
re
m
ent.
If
the
ob
j
ect
is
a
no
n
-
m
et
al
,
t
he
cy
li
nd
er
A
will
pu
s
h
the
can
into
the
re
j
e
ct
ion
area.
Me
anwhil
e,
if
th
e
can
is
m
et
al
,
cy
l
ind
er
B
will
pu
s
h
to
the
cr
us
hi
ng
a
rea
an
d
cy
li
nder
C
will
cru
s
h
the
can.
The
re
is
a
ho
le
locat
ed
i
n
the cr
ushin
g
a
r
ea w
her
e
the c
an
a
ble to d
rop
to
the
r
ecy
cl
e
bin
.
4.
SOFTW
AR
E
IMPLEME
N
TATION
The
s
of
t
war
e
us
e
d
in
t
his
pr
oj
ect
is
a
P
rog
r
am
m
able
Logic
Con
tr
oller
(
PLC)
a
nd
H
um
an
Ma
chine
In
te
r
face
(
HM
I)
.
The
C
X
pr
ogram
m
er
us
es
a
la
dd
e
r
dia
gr
am
as
a
so
ft
war
e
t
o
co
ntr
ol
the
seq
uen
ce
of
th
e
whole
pro
cess.
The
CX
pro
gram
m
er
is
on
e
of
the
platf
orm
s
to
transf
e
r
the
la
dd
e
r
diagr
am
to
the
PLC.
In
a
d
diti
on
,
t
he
HMI
ca
n
be
interface
d
with
a
PLC
us
i
ng
NB
-
Desig
ner
s
of
t
war
e
wh
e
re
it
pr
ovides
t
he
best
visabili
ty
with
colour
tou
c
h
gr
a
phic
al
con
tr
ol
pan
el
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ure
4.
The
NB
-
Desi
gn
e
r
was
de
vel
op
e
d
by
OMR
ON
to
inter
face
it
with
PLC.
Wh
e
n
the
sta
rt
bu
tt
on
is
presse
d
O
N
at
t
ou
c
h
t
he
screen
,
t
he
P
L
C
will
be
al
so
O
N
as
well
.
The
pi
nk
colo
r
butt
on
is
to
m
ov
e
the
cy
li
nd
er
A
to
crush
the
can
.
The
nu
m
ber
of
c
ra
sh
e
s
cans
will
be
di
sp
la
ye
d
on
the
screen.
If
the
bo
tt
le
stuck
in
the
cru
s
he
r
are
a,
the
OF
F
bu
t
ton
w
il
l
ap
pear
and
pr
essi
ng the
bu
tt
on
will
r
est
art
the
pro
gr
am
after
rem
ov
in
g
t
he
ca
n.
Figure
4
.
PLC
-
HM
I
inte
rf
ac
e u
si
ng th
e
NB
-
Desi
gn
e
r
s
oft
war
e
fro
m
O
MR
ON
sho
ws how the
Autom
atic
Ca
n
Cr
usher
c
om
plete
it
s tas
k wit
h
s
howi
ng
how
m
any can
it
h
a
ve
c
r
us
h
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t J
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g
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Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n a
utom
atic can cr
us
he
r
usi
ng
pro
gr
am
m
ab
le
l
og
ic
co
nt
ro
ll
er
(
N. A.
A.
Had
i
)
1799
5.
RESU
LT
S
The
e
xp
e
rim
ent
sta
rts
with
c
r
us
hi
ng
di
ff
e
re
nt
ty
pe
of
br
a
nd
ca
n.
As
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fi
gure
5,
the
Nescafe
br
a
nd
is
being
cru
s
he
d
with
di
ff
ere
nt
pr
es
sur
e
sta
rting
from
3
bar
unti
l
8
bar
.
The
set
ti
ng
of
this
ba
r
is
m
ai
nly
du
e
to
the
val
ve
only
able
to
op
e
rate
at
t
he
pr
ess
ure
of
3
ba
r.
Me
a
ning
t
o
say
that,
bel
ow
3
ba
r
it
do
es
no
t
tur
n
on.
Me
an
wh
il
e,
for
the
8
ba
r
is
du
e
t
o
the
m
axi
m
u
m
pr
essur
e
of
t
he
te
st
place
is
8
ba
r.
T
hat
is
why
the
m
easur
em
ent
of
press
ur
e
is
bein
g
set
f
ro
m
3
ti
ll
8.
As
th
e
press
ur
e
in
c
r
ease,
the
le
ngt
h
of
the
can
de
creases
wh
e
re
it
can
be
c
le
arly
seen
i
n
the
F
igures
5
-
8
.
Ba
sed
on
the
res
ult,
the
can
only
able
to
be
cru
s
hed
when
the
pr
ess
ure
s
uppl
y
is
6
ba
r.
Thi
s
m
eans
the
m
i
nim
u
m
pr
essu
r
e
to
cr
ush
the
can
is
6
bar
,
but
it
is
not
co
m
ple
te
ly
cru
s
he
d up to
90 %
and a
bove
.
The
Fi
gure
9
s
hows
t
he
sam
ple
of
the
fail
cr
us
he
d
ca
n.
Thi
s
m
a
y
be
due
to
the
posit
ion
of
t
he
can
is
no
t
go
od
form
durin
g
the
cr
ushin
g
proces
s.
As
this
is
the
factor
that
will
aff
ect
the
sh
a
pe
and
the
per
c
entage
of the ca
n bein
g
c
ru
s
he
d
Fig
ure
5
.
The
desire
d
siz
e
of
Nescafe
bra
nd
of the
cans acc
ordin
g t
o
the
press
ur
e
supp
ly
Figure
6
.
The
desire
d
siz
e
of
Won
da bra
nd
of the
cans acc
ordin
g t
o
the
press
ur
e
supp
ly
Fig
ure
7
.
The
desire
d
siz
e
of
the Mi
lo
br
a
nd of the
cans acc
ordin
g t
o
the
press
ur
e
supp
ly
Figure
8
.
The
desire
d
siz
e
of
Oligo b
ra
nd of
the can
s
accor
ding t
o
th
e press
ur
e
sup
ply
Fig
ure
9
.
The
s
a
m
ple o
f
f
ai
l cr
us
he
d ca
n t
hat
cou
l
d no
t
be c
r
us
he
d pe
rf
ect
ly
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S
N
:
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8708
In
t J
Elec
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C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1
794
-
1804
1800
6.
DISCU
SSI
ON A
ND
A
N
ALYS
IS
6
.
1.
A
na
l
ys
is
on
on
e
cy
cl
e c
rushing
pr
ogr
am
This
a
naly
sis
is
carried
out
to
fin
d
ou
t
t
he
aver
a
ge
le
ngth
of
t
he
ca
n
after
bein
g
c
ru
s
he
d
wit
h
diff
e
re
nt
press
ur
e
as
s
how
n
in
Ta
bles
1
-
4
.
The
data
a
re
ta
ken
ba
sed
on
3
tria
ls
f
or
eac
h
p
ress
ure
on
the
sam
e
br
a
nd.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
t
he
per
ce
nt
age
of
the
le
ngth
of
t
he
ca
n
after
cr
ushin
g
i
s
bein
g
cal
c
ulate
d
as
well
s
hown
i
n
Figure
10
.
Table
1
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
NES
C
AF
E
’s
C
an
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
7
7
.72
7
5
.84
7
5
.21
7
6
.26
4
4
.57
7
6
2
.89
6
1
.57
5
8
.58
5
8
.66
5
5
.82
8
5
3
.03
5
3
.83
5
3
.42
5
3
.43
5
9
.76
Table
2
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
WON
DA’s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
9
3
.86
9
3
.15
8
4
.99
9
0
.67
3
1
.76
7
6
2
.38
5
9
.35
6
2
.68
6
1
.47
5
3
.74
8
5
4
.06
5
5
.06
5
4
.46
5
4
.33
5
9
.11
Table
3
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p
of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
OLIG
O’
s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
7
8
.54
8
5
.31
8
1
.92
8
1
.92
3
8
.19
7
6
4
.56
6
7
.89
6
8
.15
6
6
.87
4
9
.55
8
5
3
.65
5
4
.87
5
2
.98
5
3
.83
5
9
.39
Table
4
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of
MIL
O NEST
LE’s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
8
2
.56
8
8
.68
9
0
.18
8
7
.14
3
4
.04
7
6
2
.45
6
1
.58
6
4
.35
6
2
.79
5
2
.47
8
5
2
.49
5
2
.38
5
1
.89
5
2
.25
6
0
.45
Figure
10
.
A
ve
rag
e
len
gth
of t
he
ca
n
a
gainst
diff
e
re
nt press
ur
e
Fr
om
the
data
ob
ta
ine
d,
it
shows
that
the
a
ver
a
ge
le
ngt
h
of
t
he
ca
n
is
quit
e
li
near
c
ompares
to
eac
h
oth
e
r
as
in
t
he
le
ng
th
of
the
c
an
a
nd
t
he
pre
ssu
re
sup
ply.
As
the
press
ure
increase
,
the
le
ng
th
of
the
c
an
will
decr
ease
. T
his
pro
ves
that t
he press
ure s
uppl
y i
s inv
e
rsely
prop
or
ti
onal
to
the ca
n
a
fter
bei
ng cr
ushed
.
The
12
data
f
or
four
dif
fer
e
nt
br
a
nds
of
t
he
can
w
hich
app
ly
6
bar,
7
bar
a
nd
8
bar
pr
ess
ure
is
cal
culat
ed
as
s
how
n
in
Ta
ble
5
.
T
he
fin
ding
s
sh
owe
d
that
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
for
8
bar
is
the
lowest
that
is
0.0
21
wh
ic
h
c
on
si
dered
ver
y
sm
al
l
and
f
ollo
w
by
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
7
ba
r
pr
ess
ure
that
is
0.0
45
an
d
the
coe
ff
i
ci
en
t
for
6
bar
is
0.0
72.
So,
it
can
be
co
nclu
de
d
that
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
obta
ined
w
as
q
uite
low
for
each
of
eve
ry
bar.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n a
utom
atic can cr
us
he
r
usi
ng
pro
gr
am
m
ab
le
l
og
ic
co
nt
ro
ll
er
(
N. A.
A.
Had
i
)
1801
Me
anin
g
to
sa
y
that,
the
lo
w
er
the
value
of
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
va
riat
ion
in
the
data,
it
will
be
m
or
e
pr
e
ci
se
i
n
the esti
m
a
ti
on
.
Table
5
.
T
he
Coef
fici
ent
of
V
ariat
ion
i
n
the
Data
Pressu
re
Mean
Stan
d
ard Deviatio
n
The coef
f
icien
t
6
8
1
.88
0
5
.92
2
0
.07
2
7
6
2
.41
0
2
.82
9
0
.04
5
8
5
2
.56
0
1
.10
5
0
.02
1
6
.
2.
A
na
l
yz
ing
on
two
c
ycle
crushin
g
p
ro
gram
This
a
naly
sis
is
car
ried
out
to
fin
d
out
the
diff
e
ren
ces
as
in
the
a
ver
a
ge
le
ngth
of
t
he
ca
n
com
par
e
t
o
the
one
cy
cl
e
to
c
hec
k
wh
et
he
r
it
will
be
a
f
fected
t
he
le
ngth
as
sho
wn
in
Tables
6
-
9
.
A
ver
a
ge
le
ng
t
h
of
the
can a
gainst
dif
fer
e
nt press
ur
e
as s
how
n
in
Fi
gure
11
.
Table
6
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p
of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
NES
C
AF
E
’s
C
an
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
7
6
.43
7
4
.38
7
3
.96
7
4
.92
4
3
.58
7
6
1
.43
5
9
.65
6
0
.57
6
0
.55
5
4
.40
8
5
2
.59
5
2
.95
5
2
.85
5
2
.80
6
0
.24
Table
7
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
WON
DA’s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
8
2
.56
9
1
.43
9
2
.43
8
8
.81
3
3
.16
7
6
1
.14
6
0
.13
5
7
.45
5
9
.57
5
5
.17
8
5
3
.14
5
1
.23
5
4
.43
5
2
.93
6
0
.16
Table
8
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
OLIG
O’
s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
8
3
.21
7
8
.95
8
0
.43
8
0
.86
3
8
.99
7
6
3
.45
6
0
.13
6
6
.06
9
5
.35
5
0
.69
8
5
3
.14
5
1
.23
5
3
.81
5
2
.67
6
0
.26
Table
9
.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
Pr
ess
ur
e
ag
ai
ns
t t
he
Len
gth
of the
MILO NE
STL
E’s
Ca
n
Pressu
re
(bar)
Leng
th
(
m
m
)
Av
erage
(
m
m
)
% Cru
sh
in
g
Tr
ial 1
Tr
ial 2
Tr
ial 3
6
7
9
.65
8
3
.46
8
5
.65
8
2
.92
3
7
.23
7
6
3
.24
6
3
.50
6
5
.75
6
4
.16
5
1
.43
8
5
0
.25
5
2
.38
5
2
.92
5
1
.85
6
0
.75
Figure
11. A
ve
rag
e
len
gth
of t
he
ca
n
a
gainst
diff
e
re
nt press
ur
e
Fr
om
the
data
ob
ta
i
ned,
it
sh
ows
t
hat
the
aver
a
ge
le
ngth
of
t
he
ca
n
as
com
par
e
to
th
e
on
e
cy
cl
e.
Ther
e
is
no
si
gnific
ant
dif
fer
e
nce
betwee
n
th
e
one
cy
cl
e
program
m
ed
and
two
cy
cl
es
program
m
ed
as
t
her
e
i
s
no m
uch
d
if
fere
nce in t
he rea
ding
of
t
he
le
ngth
of th
e c
rus
hed can
for
on
e cy
cl
e and tw
o
cy
cl
es.
Howe
ver, the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1
794
-
1804
1802
two
cy
cl
es
pro
gr
am
m
ed
hav
e
adv
a
ntage
s
ov
er
the
one
cy
cl
e
as
the
seco
nd
tim
es
on
the
com
pr
essing
of
th
e
can
is
disp
e
rse
d
into
the
hole
prov
i
ded
at
the
bott
om
of
the
m
achine.
This
dis
per
si
on
of
the
cr
u
s
he
d
can
m
echan
ism
is
as
easy
a
nd
sim
ple
way
so
th
at
the
nex
t
ca
n
be
a
ble
to
pus
h
into
the
c
r
us
hi
ng
cham
ber
a
ft
er
the
first
cr
ushe
d.
In
short,
the
s
econd
cy
cl
e
pro
gr
am
m
ed
is
m
ai
nly
to
ens
ur
e
the
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
f
or
the
c
r
us
hi
ng
process
as
well
as it hel
ps
in
di
sp
ersi
ng the c
an
a
uto
m
at
ic
all
y i
nto
the
r
ecy
cl
e b
in m
uch e
asi
er.
The
12
data
f
or
four
dif
fer
e
nt
br
a
n
ds
of
t
he
can
w
hich
app
ly
6
bar,
7
bar
a
nd
8
bar
pr
ess
ure
is
cal
culat
ed
as
s
how
n
in
Ta
ble
10
.
Ba
sed
on
the
cal
culat
io
n,
the
value
of
th
e
COV
for
8
ba
rs
is
0
.00
9
w
hich
is
the
lowe
st.
It
is
obvious
that 8
data
for
8
ba
r
pr
ess
ure
is
the m
os
t
pr
eci
se
be
cause
the v
al
ue
is
extrem
ely
sm
a
ll
as
it
is
not
m
or
e
tha
n
0.01
and
f
ollo
wed
by
the
coe
ff
ic
i
ent
of
7
ba
r
pressu
re,
w
hich
is
at
0.0
46
a
nd
the
coeffic
ie
nt
for
6
bar
i
s
0.0
77.
So
,
it
can
be
c
on
cl
ud
e
d
that
the
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
ob
ta
ine
d
wa
s
quit
e
low
for
ea
ch
of
ever
y
bar.
Me
a
ning
to
say
tha
t,
the
lo
wer
the
value
of
the
c
oeffici
ent
of
va
riat
ion
i
n
the
data,
it
will
be
m
or
e
pr
eci
se i
n
th
e e
stim
ation
.
Table
10
.
T
he
Coef
fici
ent of
Var
ia
ti
on In
T
he Dat
a
Pressu
re
Mean
Stan
d
ard Deviatio
n
The coef
f
icien
t
6
8
3
.99
7
6
.48
9
0
.07
7
7
6
3
.04
0
2
.89
8
0
.04
6
8
1
0
7
.030
1
.00
0
0
.00
9
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
As
a
concl
us
i
on,
the
autom
at
ic
can
cru
s
he
r
m
achine
is
desig
ne
d
an
d
fabrica
te
su
cc
essfu
ll
y
as
a
pur
po
se
t
o
enc
oura
ge
pe
op
le
to
recyc
le
m
ore
as
can
cr
ush
er
m
achine
is
fun
an
d
inte
res
ti
ng
ye
t
m
ai
nt
ai
n
an
eco
-
fr
ie
nd
ly
env
i
ronm
ent.
The
PLC
co
ntr
olli
ng
syst
em
works
well
in
the
com
pilat
i
on
of
hard
ware
and
so
ft
war
e
with
the
pne
um
atic
s
yst
e
m
as
well
as
the
HMI
.
It
can
be
c
oncl
ud
ed
that
8
bar
pressu
re
is
the
m
os
t
op
ti
m
u
m
pr
ess
ur
e
i
n
cr
ushin
g
the
be
ver
a
ge
can
as
the
cal
c
ulate
d
CO
V
is
the
lowe
st
in
8
ba
r
pr
ess
ure,
ye
t
i
t
can
re
du
ce
the
le
ng
th
of
the
be
ver
a
ge
can
to
the
m
axi
m
u
m
wh
ic
h
is
60
%
.
Be
sides,
it
m
in
i
m
iz
es
the
cru
s
hing
force,
ti
m
e
and
hum
an
fati
gue
with
t
his
a
uto
m
at
ic
m
achine.
T
her
e
a
re
m
any
i
m
pr
ov
e
m
ents
can
be
done
in
fu
t
ur
e
to
im
pr
ov
e
t
he
f
un
ct
io
nalit
y
of
the
m
achine
to
t
he
use
rs.
On
e
of
t
he
su
ggest
io
ns
i
s
by
i
m
ple
m
enting
a
vend
or
m
achin
e
into
the
c
a
n
cru
s
he
r
m
achi
ne
w
he
re
re
wa
rd
s
a
re
giv
e
n
t
o
the
us
e
r
w
he
n
they
pu
t
the
can
int
o
the
can
cru
s
he
r
m
achine
so
that
it
can
enco
ura
ge
people
to
do
recyc
le
m
or
e.
In
ad
di
ti
on
,
the
m
achine
is
su
ggest
e
d
to
a
dd
on
with
the
In
te
r
net
of
Th
ing
s
(
I
oT)
te
c
hnol
og
y
wh
e
re
by
the
a
m
ou
nt
of
the
ca
ns
tha
t
the
us
ers
put
will
be
sto
re
an
d
the
data
can
be
trans
ferred
t
o
the
netw
ork.
So
,
with
this
data
-
based
pu
rpose
pro
vid
e
d
by
IoT,
the
us
er
can
red
eem
a
bette
r
re
ward
if
t
he
y
recyc
le
m
or
e.
Ne
xt
on
will
be
im
ple
m
entin
g
t
he
so
rtin
g
syst
em
wh
e
re
the
m
achine
ca
n
dif
fer
e
ntiat
e
the
op
ti
cal
glass
,
pap
e
r
in
ste
ad
of
dif
fer
e
ntiat
ing
t
he
al
umi
niu
m
an
d plast
ic
only
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
re
searc
h
was
s
ponso
r
ed
by
resea
rc
h
gra
nt
resea
rch
was
s
ponsore
d
by
rese
arch
grant
RAGS
/
1/20
15
/
TKO
/F
TK/
03
/
B001
18
unde
r
the
Ce
ntre
of
Ro
bo
ti
cs
a
nd
I
ndus
t
rial
A
uto
m
at
ion
(Ce
RIA),
Un
i
ver
sit
y
Te
kn
i
kal
Ma
la
ysi
a
Me
la
ka.
We
would
li
ke
to
tha
nk
our
colle
ag
ues
f
r
om
the
Ce
ntre
for
Tel
ecom
m
un
icati
on
Re
sea
rch
&
I
nnovat
io
n
(C
eTR
I),
Un
i
ve
rsity
Tek
nik
a
l
Ma
la
ysi
a
Me
l
aka
.
Tha
nks
to
sta
ffs
and
m
e
m
ber
s
of
UTeM
w
ho
giv
e
a
ssist
anc
e
an
d
com
m
itm
ent
to
m
e
and
gu
i
de
m
e
in
var
i
ous
pe
rs
pe
ct
ives
thr
oughout
the
pr
oject
.
S
pecial
thank
s
m
us
t
be
giv
e
n
to
m
y
fr
ie
nd
s
for
id
eas
and
com
m
ents
reg
a
r
ding
to
m
y
pro
j
ect
.
REFER
E
NCE
S
[1]
V.
N.
Ks
hirsaga
r,
D.
S.
K.
Choud
har
y
and
P.
A.
P
.
Ninaw,
"
An
A
utomati
c
Can
or
Plasti
c
Bott
le
Cr
usher
Mac
hine
-
A Re
vie
w,
"
Int
.
J.
S
ci. Re
s.
Dev
.
,
vol. 2
(
2
)
,
pp.
66
–
68,
2014
.
[2]
M.
Ferna
ndes
,
"
A
Revi
ew
on
PLC
base
d
Auto
m
at
ic
W
aste
Se
gre
gat
or
,
"
Int
.
J.
Ad
v
.
R
es.
Com
put.
Eng.
Techn
ol
.
,
vol.
5
(2)
,
pp
.
28
0
–
285,
2016
.
[3]
G.
Bhart
h
,
S.
K.
K,
S.
C.
V,
an
d
T.
H.
La
kshi
m
ina
ra
y
ana,
"
Pneum
at
ic
Three
Axis
Modern
Tra
iler,
"
Nat
l.
Con
f.
Re
c
ent
Adv.
M
ech.
Eng
.
,
vol
.
4
(5)
,
pp
.
891
–
901
,
2
016.
[4]
A.
Ravi
K
.
,
B
.
V.
Sundeep,
C.
Sree
V.
,
and
N.
Mathe
ws
,
"
The
Princi
ple
of
Pro
gra
m
m
abl
e
Logic
Controller
and
it
s
role
in
Autom
ati
on,
"
Int
.
J. E
ng.
Tr
ends
Technol
.
,
vol. 4
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
3,
2013.
[5]
A.
Pate
l,
A.
W
agh,
N.
Ti
le
k
ar,
S.
Tha
kur,
and
B.
Know
le
dge,
"
Cam
Follower
Can
Crusher
Vending,
"
Int.
J
.
Re
s.
Eng.
Appl.
Man
ag.
,
vol. 2
(
6
)
,
pp
.
12
–
15
,
2016
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n a
utom
atic can cr
us
he
r
usi
ng
pro
gr
am
m
ab
le
l
og
ic
co
nt
ro
ll
er
(
N. A.
A.
Had
i
)
1803
[6]
D.
A.
Sawant,
M.
A.
Venka
t
esh,
and
R.
C
.
Ye
ola
,
"
Buck
li
ng
a
nd
Crushing
Anal
y
s
is
of
C
y
li
nd
ric
a
l
Alum
ini
um
Cans
&
Optimi
zi
ng
th
e
Par
amete
rs
Eff
ec
t
ing
C
rush
Strengt
h
U
sing
Fem
,
"
Int.
Re
s.
J.
Eng.
Te
chnol
.
,
vol
.
3
(
6
)
,
pp.
3081
–
3085
,
2016.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Nik
Azra
n
Bin
Ab
Hadi
.
Born
in
the
sm
al
l
town
of
Ta
nah
Mera
h,
Kel
ant
a
n
.
,
His
te
rtia
r
y
educ
a
ti
on
beg
an
at
th
e
MA
RA
Instit
ute
of
Tech
nolog
y
,
Shah
Al
am,
where
he
gr
adua
t
ed
with
a
Diploma
in
El
e
c
tri
c
al
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g
(El
ectroni
c),
i
n
1994.
After
a
short
working
expe
rie
n
ce,
he
le
ft
to
pu
rsue
fo
r
his
ba
chelor
'
s
degr
ee
a
t
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Pl
y
m
outh,
Devon
Engl
and,
in
1995.
He
gra
duated
wi
th
a
B.
Eng
(Ho
ns)
in
El
ectrical
and
El
e
ct
ron
ic
E
ng
ine
er
ing,
in
Ju
l
y
1997
.
After
gra
duation,
h
e
w
orke
d
with
a
few
companie
s.
His
duti
es
in
cl
uded
oper
ating
and
tr
ouble
-
shooting
geoph
y
si
cal,
sur
ve
y
,
nav
iga
t
ion
and
bimedical
equi
pm
ent
s.
H
e
recei
ved
M
aste
r
of
Sci
enc
e
El
e
ct
roni
c
Tech
nolog
y
for
Sus
ta
in
abl
e
En
erg
y
from
U
ni
vers
i
t
y
of
Sw
anse
a,
W
al
es,
UK
.
Curre
ntly
,
h
e
works
as
a
Le
ct
ure
r
at
Univer
siti
Te
knika
l
Mal
a
y
sia
Mel
aka
(UTe
M)
and
his
int
er
ests
ar
e
in
p
ower
qualit
y
and
biomedical
device
s.
Li
m
Hui
Yee
is
gra
duated
stude
nt
from
Univer
si
ti
T
ekni
k
al
Ma
lay
sia
Mel
aka
.
She
gra
du
at
ed
in
Bac
he
lor
of
El
e
ct
roni
c
Eng
ine
e
ring
T
ec
hnolog
y
in
E
lectr
oni
c
Industr
y
(Hons
.
)
in
Univ
ersiti
Te
knik
al
Malays
ia
Mela
ka
.
Pre
viousl
y
.
She
has
bee
n
at
t
ac
h
ed
t
he
Pre
Emplo
y
e
m
ent
-
Inte
rnship
at
Te
xas
Instrum
ent
Me
la
ka
.
Khali
l
Azh
a
Mohd
Annuar,
re
c
ei
ved
h
is
B.
Eng
degr
ee
in
E
lect
ric
a
l
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g
(El
e
ct
roni
c)
from
Univer
siti
Te
knolog
i
Ma
lay
s
ia
(U
TM),
in
2006.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
th
e
M.E
ng
degr
e
e
in
Mec
hat
ron
ic
s
an
d
Autom
at
ic
Control
engi
n
ee
rin
g
al
so
from
UT
M,
in
2014.
Curre
ntly
,
h
e
is
a
Le
c
tu
rer
a
t
Univ
ersit
i
T
ekni
ka
l
Malay
s
ia
Mel
ak
a
(UTe
M)
and
h
is
int
ere
sts
ar
e
i
n
cont
rol
s
y
st
e
m
and
ar
ti
fi
cial int
el
li
g
ent.
Zul
hil
m
i
Zaid
is
a
postgradua
te
student
from
Un
ive
rsiti
T
ekni
k
al
Malay
si
a
Melaka.
Befor
e
tha
t
,
he
gra
du
at
ed
in
Bac
he
lor
of
E
lec
t
ronic
Engi
ne
ering
Te
chno
log
y
i
n
El
e
ct
roni
c
Ind
ustrie
s
(Hons
.
)
in
Univer
sit
i
T
ekni
ka
l
Malay
si
a
Mela
k
a.
Prev
iousl
y
,
he
h
as
bee
n
working
on
a
different
compan
y
,
which
are
OY
L
Te
chn
olog
y
Sdn
Bhd,
as
Quali
t
y
As
suranc
e
Eng
ineer
a
nd
LE
D
Visio
n
Sdn
Bhd,
as
Design
Engi
ne
e
r.
His
ar
ea
of
int
er
est
are
p
ower
elec
tron
ics
,
biomedical
instrumenta
t
ion and
sensors
Za
m
re
Abd.
Gha
ni
re
ce
iv
ed
h
is
B
.
Sc.
d
egr
e
e
in
E
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
er
ing
from
the
Uni
ver
sit
y
of
th
e
Paci
fi
c,
Sto
ckt
o
n,
Californi
a,
U
SA
,
M.E
ng.
de
gre
e
in
Elec
tr
ical
Eng
ine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
Ma
lay
sia
(UTM)
,
an
d
Ph.
D
in
El
ectrical
,
El
e
ct
roni
c
&
S
y
stems
Engi
nee
r
ing
from
Univer
siti
Keb
a
ngsaa
n
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(UK
M)
in
1987,
2007
and
201
4,
respe
ct
iv
ely
.
Curre
ntly
h
e
is
a
Senior
Lectu
re
r
at
th
e
Depa
rtme
nt
of
Industrial
El
e
ct
roni
cs,
Fac
ulty
of
Elec
tronic
&
Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Univer
siti
T
ekni
k
al
Ma
lay
sia
(UTe
M)
Mel
aka,
Malay
s
ia.
His
m
ai
n
rese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
are
po
wer
el
e
ct
roni
cs/
power
conve
rt
er
cont
rollers
for
photovol
taic
app
li
c
at
ions
such
as
inve
rt
ers
and
dc
-
dc
conv
erters.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1
794
-
1804
1804
Mohd
Firdaus
bin
Mohd
Ab
Halim
worked
in
Son
y
,
Intel
and
Qi
m
onda
bef
ore
jo
ini
ng
rese
arc
h
insti
tution
in
20
12.
Th
e
pr
efe
r
e
nce
of
his
r
ese
a
rch
were
m
ai
nl
y
on
en
erg
y
eff
ic
i
ency
,
m
otor
cont
rol
and
el
e
ctrical
veh
ic
l
e.
Be
sides
tha
t
he
l
ed
m
ore
tha
n
5
res
ea
rch
gra
nts
and
cont
ribu
te
to
m
ore
as
m
ember
in
10
rese
ar
ch
g
ran
t.
He
is
now
an
important
m
e
m
ber
of
Facul
t
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Te
chno
log
y
,
UT
eM
Am
ar
Faiz
Za
in
a
l
Abidin
re
ce
iv
e
d
his Bachelor
o
f
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
&
E
lectr
oni
cs
from
U
nive
rsit
y
of
Not
t
ingha
m
in
2008.
W
hil
e
working
as
Tut
or
in
Uni
ver
siti
Te
knolog
i
Malay
si
a
(UT
M),
he
comple
ted
his
m
aste
r
deg
ree
s:
Master
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
(Mec
hat
roni
cs
&
Au
tomati
c
Con
trol)
from
UTM
and
Master
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
in
Co
m
pute
r
Vision
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Burgund
y
.
Curre
ntly
,
he
serve
s
Univer
si
t
i
Te
knik
al
Mal
a
ysia
Mela
k
a
as
a
Le
c
ture
r
and
h
is
m
ai
n
rese
ar
c
h
int
er
est
is
in
Com
puta
ti
onal
Inte
lligen
ce.
Mohd
Badri
l
N
or
Shah
re
ce
iv
e
d
the
M
.
Eng
.
degr
ee
in
Me
ch
at
roni
c
and
Aut
om
at
ic
Cont
rol,
and
th
e
Ph.D.
d
egr
ee
in
Elec
tr
i
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
(Control
)
from
Univer
sit
i
T
ek
nologi
Mal
a
y
sia
,
Johor
Bahru,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
in
2011
and
2015,
respe
ctively
.
He
a
lso
has
seve
ral
y
e
ars
of
expe
rie
n
ce
as
an
Engi
n
ee
r
i
n
buil
d
ing
and
f
ac
i
li
t
y
m
ai
nt
enance
engi
n
ee
r
ing.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
rests
include
net
worked
cont
r
ol
s
y
st
em,
re
al
-
t
ime
cont
rol
s
y
st
em,
robust
con
tr
ol,
and
con
trol
l
e
r
area
n
et
work
(CAN
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.