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a
s
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J C
Bo
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Ce
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tre f
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&
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Ap
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sig
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in
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th
is
c
a
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w
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s
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p
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tatio
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m
e
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d
sig
n
if
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tp
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v
e
n
a
t
m
o
re
sim
u
latio
n
it
e
ra
ti
o
n.
T
h
is
P
OA
D
is
c
o
st
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
a
s
it
p
ro
v
id
e
s
b
e
tt
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
o
f
F
in
F
ET
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RA
M
d
e
sig
n
th
a
n
re
c
u
r
siv
e
d
e
sig
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Desig
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
Fin
FET
Me
m
o
r
y
u
n
it
s
Op
ti
m
izatio
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Static R
AM
Yield
Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
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te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
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d
E
n
g
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n
e
e
rin
g
a
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d
S
c
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.
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l
rig
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ts
re
se
rv
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d
.
C
o
r
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s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
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r
:
Gir
is
h
H
,
J
C
B
o
s
e
C
en
tr
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f
o
r
R
esear
c
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&
De
v
elo
p
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De
p
a
rtme
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C
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C
a
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id
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I
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tit
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T
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K.
R
.
P
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n
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ia
.
Em
a
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:
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is
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p
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@
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
i
n
iat
u
r
e
cir
c
u
it
s
in
v
er
iet
y
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f
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lectr
o
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ic
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
d
ev
ice
is
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ap
il
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g
r
o
w
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g
a
n
d
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ce
co
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ce
r
n
to
w
ar
d
s
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
S
R
A
M
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
SR
A
M
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
i
m
p
le
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ac
ce
s
s
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a
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d
h
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p
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ize
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t
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th
e
co
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ce
r
n
i
n
g
is
s
u
es
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
SR
A
M
u
s
a
g
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
DR
A
M
a
s
it
o
cc
u
p
ies
m
o
r
e
s
p
ac
e
th
an
DR
AM
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
d
esig
n
o
f
Fin
FET
is
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ied
f
o
r
S
R
A
M
[
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
Fin
FET
/SR
A
M
also
ex
h
ib
it
s
ar
ea
,
s
tab
ilit
y
,
o
u
tp
u
t,
ac
ce
s
s
ti
m
e,
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
e
tc
is
s
u
e
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Oth
er
m
o
d
elin
g
li
k
e
d
o
u
b
le
g
ated
,
b
ac
k
g
ated
d
esig
n
,
d
esig
n
s
w
it
h
d
y
n
a
m
ic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
w
er
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
r
e
ce
n
t
p
ast
f
o
r
Fin
FET
/SR
AM
d
esig
n
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ie
s
w
er
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
w
ell
as
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
in
g
b
u
t
t
h
er
e
ex
i
s
t
s
o
m
e
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en
-
e
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
ar
e
n
o
t
s
o
lv
e
d
i)
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
Fi
n
FET
/SR
A
M
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
o
f
f
er
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
ii)
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
n
ar
r
o
w
ed
s
ca
le
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
er
r
o
r
w
h
ic
h
d
o
esn
’
t
s
ee
m
to
o
f
f
er
f
a
u
lt
to
le
r
an
ce
to
th
e
S
R
A
M
d
esi
g
n
,
iii
)
least
w
o
r
k
s
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
j
o
in
tl
y
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
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i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
d
esi
g
n
o
n
o
u
tp
u
t,
en
er
g
y
,
an
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
its
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
u
s
,
a
b
etter
d
esig
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
is
n
o
t
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
liter
at
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r
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w
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m
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ates
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c
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m
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it
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p
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m
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n
FET
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A
M.
T
h
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
p
r
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ts
a
p
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ed
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A
p
p
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ac
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f
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Op
ti
m
izatio
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Desi
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n
in
F
i
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FET
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A
M.
T
h
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m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
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ca
teg
o
r
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as:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
r
esear
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w
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r
k
a
n
d
p
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b
lem
i
d
en
tific
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i
n
Sec
tio
n
3
.
P
r
o
p
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s
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m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
i
s
g
i
v
e
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in
Sect
io
n
4
an
d
elab
o
r
ated
d
is
cu
s
s
io
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o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
Secti
o
n
5
.
T
h
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
o
u
tco
m
es
w
er
e
an
al
y
ze
d
w
it
h
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
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6
f
o
llo
w
e
d
b
y
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
in
Sectio
n
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
A
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a
p
r
ed
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a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
fo
r
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f d
esig
n
i
n
F
in
F
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T/S
R
A
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(
Gir
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s
h
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961
1
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1
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B
a
ck
g
ro
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d
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h
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ex
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R
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p
r
esen
ted
in
(
Gir
is
h
an
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h
as
h
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k
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m
ar
[
9
]
)
is
p
r
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ted
a
n
d
id
en
ti
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tain
s
e
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(
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s
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ik
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m
ar
[
1
0
]
)
.
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w
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[
1
1
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ad
d
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p
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b
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f
s
tab
ili
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tio
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1
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1
3
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h
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1
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ased
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n
g
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Kar
l
e
t
a
l.
[
1
5
]
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
d
esig
n
o
f
S
R
A
M
e
m
p
h
a
s
izi
n
g
o
n
co
llap
s
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
m
in
i
m
iz
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er
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y
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o
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u
m
p
tio
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d
u
r
in
g
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
h
av
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
u
s
in
g
d
o
p
an
t o
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p
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to
ty
p
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o
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SR
AM
tar
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et
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g
as
s
ca
lin
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
ac
to
r
.
Ku
l
k
ar
n
i
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
h
av
e
ad
o
p
ted
an
a
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
Fin
FET
.
Hu
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
S
R
A
M
d
esi
g
n
w
i
th
b
etter
i
m
p
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f
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m
p
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ed
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m
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ce
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ea
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in
g
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d
w
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n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
B
h
attac
h
ar
y
a
an
d
J
h
a
[
1
9
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
a
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
-
b
ase
d
ap
p
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atin
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tr
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f
ac
to
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f
o
r
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g
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e
n
la
y
o
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t
ar
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ay
s
o
f
SR
AM
.
T
h
e
tech
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iq
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e
al
s
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n
tr
o
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ce
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s
f
o
r
b
etter
e
f
f
icien
c
y
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So
n
g
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
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t
h
e
p
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er
is
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e
i
n
1
2
8
m
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SR
A
M
f
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s
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n
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m
u
lti
p
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en
s
it
y
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Mish
r
a
a
n
d
Ma
h
ap
atr
a
[
2
1
]
h
av
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
s
i
m
u
latio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
ap
p
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ac
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f
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v
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tab
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lem
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ciate
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M.
T
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k
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ted
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ce
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ited
to
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n
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itio
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o
f
cir
cu
its
.
Asen
o
v
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
u
n
iq
u
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
d
esig
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p
ti
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ar
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ilit
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f
ac
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t
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m
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lat
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y
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T
h
e
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o
r
k
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
J
o
s
h
i
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
h
as
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
v
ar
iab
ili
t
y
o
f
d
ev
ice
s
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
SR
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u
s
in
g
s
tatis
t
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Mo
u
n
ica
an
d
Gan
e
s
h
[
2
4
]
h
av
e
il
lu
s
tr
ated
ab
o
u
t
n
e
w
N
VS
R
A
M
ci
r
cu
it
t
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at
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p
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“in
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”
r
elate
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ev
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m
e
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d
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s
ed
i
n
SR
AM
’
s
.
R
i
y
ad
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
h
a
v
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
g
ate
m
ater
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n
d
p
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s
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u
b
th
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ld
p
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f
o
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m
a
n
ce
o
f
j
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n
ctio
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les
s
FET
,
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
f
o
u
r
s
et
s
o
f
g
a
te
p
r
o
p
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r
ties
an
d
p
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s
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
.
A
ll
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
ap
p
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d
o
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t
ad
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ess
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d
esi
g
n
o
p
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m
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n
p
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b
le
m
o
f
Fin
FET
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A
M
an
d
h
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n
ce
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f
f
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b
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f
ca
r
r
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n
g
o
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t
a
r
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ch
w
o
r
k
.
1
.
2
.
T
he
p
ro
ble
m
Af
ter
r
ev
ie
w
i
n
g
th
e
e
x
i
s
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
w
ar
d
s
Fin
FET
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A
M
d
esi
g
n
,
g
o
o
d
a
m
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t
o
f
r
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s
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h
ar
d
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p
latf
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m
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f
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d
b
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t
n
o
n
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f
t
h
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w
o
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k
s
h
a
v
e
g
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v
e
n
o
p
ti
m
al
th
r
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g
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p
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t
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
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p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
.
He
n
ce
,
e
x
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
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ac
h
es
co
u
ld
n
’
t
o
f
f
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f
au
lt
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w
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m
u
c
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
m
p
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tatio
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m
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el
w
it
h
a
n
ex
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s
i
v
e
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al
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to
p
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s
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w
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th
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ec
ted
m
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m
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in
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g
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in
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h
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r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
s
ta
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m
e
n
t
is
"
d
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in
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ed
o
u
tp
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t,
a
n
d
fa
s
ter p
r
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ce
s
s
in
g
."
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
p
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p
p
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FET
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to
en
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t
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p
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w
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Fi
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if
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t
f
u
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ct
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alities
o
f
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n
FET
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A
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w
h
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w
h
e
n
co
m
b
i
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f
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w
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s
ab
o
u
t a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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M
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AL
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ased
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ter
n
al)
)
,
σ
(
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
i
ts
)
,
τ
(
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ct
io
n
)
,
p
d
ef
(
d
ef
i
n
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
)
an
d
f
i
n
al
o
u
tco
m
e
i
s
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
m
en
t
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
i
n
g
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ar
e:
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
F
in
F
ET
S
RA
M
In
p
u
t:
m
1
, m
2
,
m
3
,
α
,
γ,
σ
,
τ,
p
de
f
Ou
tp
u
t:
c
o
n
v
e
rg
in
g
p
o
in
t
S
tart
1
.
i
n
it
m
1
,
m
2
,
m
3
2
.
S
e
t
5
1
)
(
i
obj
x
f
3
.
f
o
rm
M
a
tri
x
β
=
[
m
pr
im
e
, M
o
n
c
hi
p
]
4
.
a
rra
n
g
e
β=
γ(
m
1
, m
2
,
m
3
)
in
σ
5
.
c
o
m
p
u
te τ=
a
b
s{H
}
6
.
W
h
il
e
τ i
s
n
o
t
a
c
h
iev
e
d
d
o
7
.
F
o
rp
=
0
to
μ
8
.
ra
n
d
S
e
lec
t(p
de
f
)
f
ro
m
μ
9
.
r
a
da
p
g
(τ)
1
0
.
En
d
1
1
.
A
ss
e
ss
a
ll
o
u
tco
m
e
s an
d
sh
o
r
t
li
st b
e
st
1
2
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En
d
1
3
.
C
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
a
c
h
iev
e
d
En
d
T
h
e
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o
r
ith
m
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
o
f
S
R
A
M
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
t
ates
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
h
i
g
h
s
p
e
ed
in
ter
n
al
m
e
m
o
r
y
f
o
r
s
p
ee
d
in
g
u
p
th
e
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
m
1
,
m
2
,
a
n
d
m
3
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
h
ig
h
er
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
L
in
e
-
1
)
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
al
s
o
f
o
r
m
u
lates
a
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
esig
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
lates
a
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
“
f
o
b
j
(
x
)
”
w
h
ic
h
h
as
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
f
5
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
SR
A
M
i.e
.
α
1
,
α
2
,
α
3
,
α
4
,
an
d
α
5
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
i)
r
ea
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
in
lo
ca
l
m
e
m
o
r
y
alo
n
g
w
it
h
its
co
s
t,
ii)
w
r
iti
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
in
lo
ca
l
m
e
m
o
r
y
w
it
h
its
co
s
t,
iii)
r
ea
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
it
s
co
s
t,
iv
)
w
r
iti
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
m
e
m
o
r
y
alo
n
g
w
it
h
i
ts
co
s
t,
an
d
v
)
co
s
t
o
f
m
ak
in
g
th
e
d
ata
g
o
m
o
b
ile
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
to
an
o
t
h
er
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
eg
m
e
n
t
(
L
i
n
e
-
2
)
.
T
h
e
m
atr
i
x
β
is
cr
ea
ted
w
h
ich
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
w
o
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
i.e
.
p
r
i
m
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
Mp
r
i
m
e)
an
d
o
n
ch
ip
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
Mo
n
ch
ip
)
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
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g
I
SS
N:
2
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8
8
-
8708
P
A
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a
p
r
ed
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a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
fo
r
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f d
esig
n
i
n
F
in
F
E
T/S
R
A
M
(
Gir
i
s
h
H
)
963
d
ef
in
e
s
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
γ
(
h
i
g
h
s
p
e
ed
m
e
m
o
r
y
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
e
m
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ele
m
en
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e
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w
h
e
n
q
u
er
ied
f
o
r
allo
ca
tio
n
(
L
in
e
-
4
)
.
T
h
is
s
tep
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
n
p
o
s
iti
v
e
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
a
n
d
b
alan
ce
d
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
a
n
in
i
ti
ates
b
eg
i
n
its
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
b
etter
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
p
o
in
t
o
f
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
,
w
e
ap
p
ly
a
n
o
v
el
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
a
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
τ
th
at
w
e
ch
o
o
s
e
to
co
m
p
u
te
in
s
tead
o
f
in
itializi
n
g
lik
e
i
n
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
in
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
m
atr
ix
H
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
cu
m
u
lat
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e
s
ta
te
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
an
d
co
s
t
f
u
n
c
tio
n
(
L
in
e
-
5
)
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
e
v
al
u
atio
n
i
s
also
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
ca
r
d
in
alit
y
o
f
d
ata
ite
m
s
as
w
ell
a
s
co
s
t
o
f
d
ata
as
w
ell.
L
i
n
e
-
6
to
L
i
n
e
-
1
2
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
ti
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izatio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
it
h
a
n
i
n
te
n
tio
n
to
o
b
tain
b
etter
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
o
in
t
o
f
d
esig
n
o
f
S
R
A
M.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tep
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
ea
r
c
h
-
b
ase
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
w
h
er
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
a
s
e
t
o
f
a
ll
b
est
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies o
f
F
in
FET
/ SR
AM
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill ap
p
l
y
a
g
r
ee
d
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
μ
(
L
i
n
e
-
8
)
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
t
o
ap
p
ly
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
o
n
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
L
in
e
-
9
)
,
w
h
ic
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
r
ep
licate
b
eh
av
io
u
r
w
ith
ad
ap
ti
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ad
ap
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
wh
er
e
it
o
f
f
er
s
f
o
r
m
u
lati
n
g
m
o
r
e
elite
o
u
tco
m
e
f
r
o
m
a
s
et
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
elite
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
(
τ
)
m
ai
n
l
y
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
τ
m
ax
,
b
est
v
al
u
e
τ
b
est,
an
d
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ct
io
n
τ
a
v
g
an
d
is
e
m
p
ir
icall
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as,
q
p
c
g
.
)
(
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
n
o
tatio
n
τ
p
a
n
d
τ
q
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
(
τ
m
a
x
-
τ
b
est)
an
d
(
τ
m
a
x
-
τ
av
g
)
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
c
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
a
tr
ix
w
h
o
s
e
v
al
u
e
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
f
in
al
ap
p
licatio
n
to
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
h
en
ce
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
lik
e
w
is
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
e
id
ea
o
f
th
is
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticu
lar
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
its
in
Fin
FET
/SR
A
M.
I
t
also
h
as
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
t
o
ass
es
s
its
ad
j
ac
en
t
co
r
es
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
it
s
an
d
ea
s
il
y
lo
ca
liz
e
ce
r
tain
u
n
it
s
.
S
u
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
n
o
t
s
ee
n
i
n
an
y
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
d
e
s
ig
n
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
R
A
M.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
s
tep
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
t
i
m
izatio
n
i
n
cl
u
d
es
r
esis
ti
n
g
o
f
th
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
in
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
o
in
t.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
o
in
t
as
an
in
s
tan
ce
o
f
a
n
o
u
tco
m
e
w
h
er
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
ed
b
etter
y
ield
o
f
SR
AM
t
h
at
i
s
m
o
r
e
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
f
au
lt
to
ler
an
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
in
al
s
tep
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
o
r
ti
n
g
a
n
d
to
ch
ec
k
f
o
r
th
e
b
est
v
al
u
es
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
co
n
ti
n
u
ed
u
n
t
i
l
an
d
u
n
le
s
s
a
ll
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
s
μ
ar
e
ch
ec
k
ed
(
L
in
e
-
1
1
an
d
L
in
e
-
1
3
)
.
An
i
n
t
er
esti
n
g
f
ac
t
to
s
ee
f
o
r
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
w
ap
p
in
g
th
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
it
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
in
o
r
d
er
to
ca
ter
u
p
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
j
o
b
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
b
u
ild
in
g
m
o
r
e
ca
p
ab
i
lit
y
to
th
e
Fi
n
FET
/
SR
A
M
f
o
r
ex
h
ib
it
in
g
b
etter
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
les
s
i
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
ll
also
en
s
u
r
e
b
etter
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
as
w
e
ll
as
it
also
h
as
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
m
in
i
m
i
ze
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
leak
a
g
e
p
o
w
er
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
es
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
iv
e
s
tep
s
an
d
n
o
t i
ter
ativ
e
s
te
p
s
,
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
r
ea
s
o
n
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
is
k
ep
t
w
it
h
i
n
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
li
m
it.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t sectio
n
o
u
tli
n
es t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
b
ein
g
o
b
tain
ed
.
4.
R
E
SU
L
T
S DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
T
h
e
MA
T
L
A
B
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
v
er
6
-
b
it
m
ac
h
in
e
o
f
w
in
d
o
w
s
p
lat
f
o
r
m
.
A
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
ta
s
k
is
g
e
n
er
ated
to
ass
ess
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
f
ac
to
r
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
test
p
latf
o
r
m
u
s
es
co
r
e
i3
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
2
GHz
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
b
aseli
n
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
tate
s
m
1
,
m
2
,
an
d
m
3
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
e
n
er
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ie
s
o
f
0
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2
n
J
-
2
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n
J
,
0
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s
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2
0
n
s
an
d
2
m
W
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0
0
m
W
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
o
p
er
atio
n
,
d
ela
y
an
d
lea
k
ag
e
p
o
w
er
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
Sear
ch
Op
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
(
SO)
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
P
ar
ticl
e
S
w
ar
m
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
SO
o
f
f
er
s
b
ette
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
c
o
n
tr
ast
to
P
SO
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
tr
e
n
d
is
–
P
SO
b
ased
d
esig
n
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
f
er
s
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
elite
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
e
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
laten
c
y
o
w
i
n
g
to
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
r
ea
d
-
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
r
esu
lt
in
g
in
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
P
SO
b
a
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
es
o
f
f
er
s
f
au
lt
to
ler
an
ce
f
o
r
o
n
l
y
les
s
er
iter
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
m
ea
n
w
h
ile,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SO
-
b
as
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
f
er
s
a
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
all
th
e
cu
m
u
lati
v
e
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
alr
ea
d
y
d
e
f
i
n
ed
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
n
ar
r
o
w
s
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
c
ess
u
s
i
n
g
a
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
c
tio
n
a
n
d
h
en
ce
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
u
ch
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
a
n
d
less
iter
at
iv
e.
No
r
m
all
y
,
s
u
ch
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
n
o
t
w
i
tn
es
s
i
n
ex
is
ti
n
g
Fi
n
FET
/SR
AM
d
esig
n
i
n
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
h
e
n
c
e
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
to
o
f
f
er
b
etter
b
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
b
ein
g
d
ep
leted
d
r
in
g
r
ea
d
-
w
r
it
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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8
8
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I
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&
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p
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2
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p
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u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
r
es
u
lt o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
r
es
u
lt o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e
A
clo
s
er
lo
o
k
in
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
it
o
f
f
er
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
r
ite
o
p
er
atio
n
u
p
to
3
5
%
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
izes
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
to
2
0
%
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
el
y
.
O
w
i
n
g
to
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
ized
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
in
itiat
i
n
g
a
s
ea
r
c
h
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
f
aster
o
p
er
atio
n
wh
ich
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
f
aster
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
ex
ec
u
tio
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
f
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e
is
th
a
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
p
ar
allel
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
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tain
i
n
g
elite
o
u
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m
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
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ce
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
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t
d
o
w
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th
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m
p
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ti
m
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to
5
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%
a
n
d
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q
u
ite
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s
e
f
u
l
f
o
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h
a
n
d
li
n
g
m
ass
iv
e
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
tas
k
.
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t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
g
r
ee
d
y
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
i
m
p
lif
ies
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
i
n
it
iati
n
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
b
est
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
co
n
s
i
s
ten
tl
y
u
p
d
ates
it.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
les
s
an
d
it
h
a
s
n
ea
r
l
y
u
n
if
o
r
m
tr
en
d
,
w
h
ich
m
ak
e
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
q
u
it
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
g
r
ap
h
i
ca
l
tr
en
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
ex
h
ib
its
t
h
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
th
at
co
u
ld
s
u
it
w
ell
to
an
y
f
o
r
m
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
F
in
FET
/SR
A
M
w
i
th
le
s
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
m
o
r
e
y
ield
,
an
d
f
aster
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ti
m
e.
I
t
is
b
est
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
p
co
m
i
n
g
d
e
s
ig
n
s
o
f
r
e
g
is
ter
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
s
o
p
h
is
ti
ca
ted
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
es
w
it
h
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
o
b
ile
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
b
u
f
f
er
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t i
n
n
-
b
a
s
ed
r
o
u
ter
s
,
etc.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
es
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
o
les
o
f
SR
A
M
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
n
its
ai
m
i
n
g
to
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
d
e
p
letio
n
an
d
o
th
er
is
s
u
e
s
co
n
c
er
n
in
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
laten
c
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
g
iv
e
s
a
an
o
p
ti
m
ized
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
Sear
c
h
Op
ti
m
izat
io
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
t
h
at
u
s
es
P
r
ed
ictiv
e
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
d
esig
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
Fin
FET
/SR
AM
(
P
A
OD)
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
is
a
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
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m
p
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I
SS
N:
2
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t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
B.
W
ich
t,
“
Cu
rre
n
t
S
e
n
se
A
m
p
l
if
iers
f
o
r
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
RA
M
in
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
S
y
ste
m
-
on
-
a
-
Ch
ip
De
sig
n
s
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
2
]
M
.
A
li
o
to
,
“
En
a
b
l
in
g
th
e
I
n
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s: F
ro
m
In
teg
ra
ted
Circu
it
s to
I
n
teg
ra
ted
S
y
ste
m
s,”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
1
7
[
3
]
G
.
S
u
n
,
“
Ex
p
lo
r
in
g
M
e
m
o
r
y
H
iera
rc
h
y
De
si
g
n
w
it
h
Eme
rg
in
g
M
e
m
o
r
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
4
]
S
.
Da
sg
u
p
ta,
B.
K.
Ka
u
sh
ik
,
P
.
Ku
m
a
r
P
a
l,
“
S
p
a
c
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
re
d
F
in
F
ET
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s:
Hig
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Di
g
it
a
l
Circu
it
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
CRC
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
5
]
R.
Re
is,
Y.
Ca
o
,
G
.
W
irt
h
,
“
Circu
it
De
sig
n
f
o
r
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
6
]
G
.
G
il
d
e
n
b
lat,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
:
P
r
in
c
ip
le
s,
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s an
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
S
p
rin
g
e
r S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
7
]
Y.
S
.
Ch
a
u
h
a
n
,
D.
D.
L
u
,
V
.
S
riram
k
u
m
a
r,
S
.
Kh
a
n
d
e
lw
a
l,
“
F
in
F
ET
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
f
o
r
IC
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
De
sig
n
:
Us
in
g
th
e
BS
IM
-
C
M
G
S
tan
d
a
rd
”
,
Aca
d
e
mic
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
8
]
N.
H.E
.
W
e
st
e
,
D.
H
a
rris,
“
CM
OS
V
L
S
I
De
sig
n
:
A
c
ircu
it
s
a
n
d
s
y
ste
m
s
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
”
,
Pea
rs
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
In
d
i
a
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
9
]
H.
G
iri
sh
,
S
h
a
sh
ik
u
m
a
r
D.R.
,
“
In
sig
h
ts
o
f
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
n
F
in
F
ET
-
b
a
se
d
S
RA
M
c
e
ll
s,”
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s o
n
A
p
p
l
ied
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(
CAE
),
Fo
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
, v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o.
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
1
0
]
H.
G
iri
sh
,
D.
R.
S
h
a
sh
ik
u
m
a
r,
“
C
o
st
-
Ef
fe
c
ti
v
e
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
F
a
u
lt
T
o
lera
n
t
Op
ti
m
iza
t
i
o
n
o
f
F
in
F
ET
-
Ba
se
d
S
RA
M
Ce
ll
s,”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
-
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
On
-
li
n
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
, p
p
.1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
1
1
]
D.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
a
n
d
N.
K.
J
h
a
,
“
Ultra
-
Hig
h
De
n
sity
M
o
n
o
l
it
h
ic
3
-
D
F
i
n
F
ET
S
RA
M
w
it
h
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
Re
a
d
S
tab
il
it
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
I:
Reg
u
la
r
P
a
p
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
6
-
1
1
8
7
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
6
.
[
1
2
]
Y.
P
.
F
a
n
g
a
n
d
A
.
S
.
Oa
tes
,
“
C
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
in
g
le
Bit
a
n
d
M
u
lt
ip
le
Ce
ll
S
o
f
t
Err
o
r
Ev
e
n
ts
in
P
la
n
a
r
a
n
d
F
in
F
ET
S
RA
M
s,”
in
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
De
v
ice
a
n
d
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Relia
b
i
li
ty
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
7
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
6
.
[
1
3
]
Y.
H.
Ch
e
n
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
1
6
n
m
1
2
8
M
b
S
RA
M
in
Hig
h
-
$
k
a
p
p
a
$
M
e
tal
-
G
a
t
e
F
in
F
ET
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
W
it
h
W
rit
e
-
A
s
sist
Circu
it
ry
f
o
r
L
o
w
-
V
M
IN
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
in
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te
Circ
u
i
ts
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
-
1
7
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
4
]
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
J.
P
a
rk
,
S
.
C.
S
o
n
g
,
J.
W
a
n
g
,
G
.
Ye
a
p
a
n
d
S
.
O.
J
u
n
g
,
“
S
in
g
le
-
En
d
e
d
9
T
S
RA
M
Ce
ll
f
o
r
Ne
a
r
-
T
h
re
sh
o
ld
V
o
l
tag
e
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
W
it
h
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
Re
a
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
2
2
-
n
m
F
in
F
ET
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le In
teg
r
a
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
4
8
-
2
7
5
2
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
5
]
E.
Ka
rl
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
0
.
6
V
,
1
.
5
G
H
z
8
4
M
b
S
RA
M
in
1
4
n
m
F
in
F
E
T
CM
OS
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
W
it
h
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
Ch
a
rg
e
-
S
h
a
rin
g
W
rit
e
A
ss
ist
Circu
it
r
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te Ci
rc
u
it
s
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
2
-
2
2
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
6
.
[
1
6
]
X
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
D.
C
o
n
n
e
ll
y
,
H.
T
a
k
e
u
c
h
i,
M
.
Hy
th
a
,
R.
J.
M
e
a
rs
a
n
d
T
.
J.
K.
L
iu
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
S
OI
V
e
rsu
s
Bu
lk
F
in
F
ET
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
6
T
-
S
RA
M
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
c
a
li
n
g
a
t
t
h
e
7
-
/8
-
n
m
No
d
e
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tr
o
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
2
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
7
.
[
1
7
]
J.
P
.
Ku
lk
a
rn
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
5
.
6
M
b
/mm
$
^{2
}$
1
R
1
W
8
T
S
RA
M
A
rr
a
y
s
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
Do
w
n
to
5
6
0
m
V
Util
izin
g
S
m
a
ll
-
S
ig
n
a
l
S
e
n
si
n
g
W
it
h
C
h
a
rg
e
S
h
a
re
d
Bi
tl
in
e
a
n
d
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
S
e
n
se
Am
p
li
f
ier
i
n
1
4
n
m
F
in
F
ET
CM
O
S
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
i
ts
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
-
2
3
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
7
.
[
1
8
]
V
.
P
.
H.
Hu
,
M
.
L
.
F
a
n
,
P
.
S
u
a
n
d
C.
T
.
Ch
u
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
G
e
OI
F
in
F
ET
6
T
S
RA
M
Ce
ll
s
W
it
h
V
a
riatio
n
-
T
o
lera
n
t
WL
UD
R
e
ad
-
A
ss
ist
a
n
d
T
V
C
W
rit
e
-
A
ss
ist,
”
in
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
7
1
0
-
1
7
1
5
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
9
]
D.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
a
n
d
N.
K.
Jh
a
,
“
T
C
A
D
-
As
siste
d
Ca
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
Ex
trac
ti
o
n
o
f
F
in
F
ET
S
RA
M
a
n
d
L
o
g
ic
A
rra
y
s,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ver
y
L
a
rg
e
S
c
a
le In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
(
VL
S
I)
S
y
ste
m
s
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
3
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
6
.
[
2
0
]
T
.
S
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
1
0
n
m
F
in
F
E
T
1
2
8
M
b
S
RA
M
W
it
h
A
ss
ist
Ad
ju
stm
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r,
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
A
re
a
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te Ci
rc
u
it
s
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
4
0
-
2
4
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
7
.
[
2
1
]
S
.
M
is
h
ra
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
h
a
p
a
tra,
“
O
n
th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
T
i
m
e
-
Zero
V
a
riab
il
it
y
,
V
a
riab
le
NBT
I,
a
n
d
S
to
c
h
a
stic
T
DD
B
o
n
S
RA
M
Ce
ll
s,”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
4
-
2
7
7
0
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
6
.
[
2
2
]
A
.
A
se
n
o
v
e
t
a
l.
,
“
V
a
riab
il
it
y
Aw
a
r
e
S
im
u
latio
n
Ba
se
d
De
sig
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
(DT
CO)
F
lo
w
in
1
4
n
m
F
in
F
ET
/S
RA
M
Co
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
2
-
1
6
9
0
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
3
]
R.
Jo
sh
i
e
t
a
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