Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
6
,
Decem
ber
2020
, p
p.
6380
~
6388
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
6
.
pp
6380
-
63
88
6380
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Demand
r
obust
c
ounte
rpart
o
pen
c
ap
ac
it
ated
v
ehicl
e
r
outin
g
p
ro
blem
t
ime
w
i
nd
ows
a
nd
d
ea
dli
ne
m
od
el of
g
ar
bage
t
ransp
ortation wi
th LIN
GO
13.0
Fitri
Maya
Pu
spita,
An
i S
ahara B
r.
Siman
ju
n
tak
, Rim
a
Mela
ti, S
isc
a Oct
arina
Depa
rtment
o
f M
at
hematics,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Ma
the
m
at
i
cs
and
Natur
a
l
Scie
n
ce
s,
Sriwij
a
y
a
Univ
ersity
,
I
ndonesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
9
, 2
019
Re
vised
Ma
y
2
0
,
2020
Accepte
d
Ma
y
3
1
, 202
0
D
emand
robust
count
erp
art
-
op
e
n
ca
pa
ci
t
ated
ve
hic
l
e
routi
ng
pr
oble
m
with
ti
m
e
windows
a
nd
dea
dl
ine
(
DRC
-
OCV
RP
tw,
d
)
m
odel
form
ed
a
nd
expl
a
ine
d
in
thi
s
pape
r
,
is
the
m
odel
used
to
find
the
m
inim
um
dista
nce
a
nd
the
ti
m
e
nee
ded
for
ve
hic
l
es
to
tra
ns
port
gar
bag
e
i
n
Sukara
m
i
S
ub
-
Distric
t
,
Pale
m
bang
th
at
consists
of
the
t
ime
it
ta
k
es
for
the
v
ehi
c
le
to
p
ass
through
the
rou
te
.
T
ime
nee
d
ed
to
tr
an
sport
gar
bag
e
t
o
the
vehicl
e
is
calle
d
ti
m
e
windows
.
Com
bina
ti
on
of
the
t
hoses
ti
m
es
is
c
al
l
ed
de
adl
in
e.
The
f
art
he
r
the
dista
nc
e
passed
b
y
vehi
c
le
a
nd
the
m
ore
gar
bage
tra
nsport
ed
,
the
longe
r
the
de
adl
in
e
is
nee
ded
.
Thi
s
DRC
-
OCV
R
Ptw
,
d
m
odel
is
co
m
ple
te
d
b
y
LINGO
13.
0
to
obta
in
the
optim
al
route
and
t
ime
dea
dli
n
e
for
Sukara
m
i
Sub
-
Distric
t.
Th
e
m
odel
show
s
tha
t
the
impro
ved
m
odel
of
open
vehi
c
l
e
routi
ng
proble
m
invol
ving
the
r
obustness,
ti
m
e
windows
and
d
ea
dl
ine
c
an
ac
hi
eve
th
e
optim
al
route
s
that
ena
bl
e
drive
r
t
o
save
oper
a
ti
o
nal
ti
m
e
in
pic
king
up
the
g
arb
age
compare
d
to
sim
il
ar
pro
ble
m
not
invo
lv
ing
no
-
ti
m
e
windows
and
de
adl
in
e
sta
te
d
in
p
rev
ious r
ese
arc
h
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Dead
li
ne
Dem
and
r
obus
t
Garba
ge
Ti
m
e
w
indo
ws
Transp
or
ta
ti
on
OCVRP
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Fit
ri May
a Pu
s
pita
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f M
at
hem
a
ti
cs, F
acult
y o
f
Ma
them
atics and
Natu
ral Scie
nc
es,
Sr
iwi
j
ay
a Univ
ersit
y,
Palem
ban
g
-
P
ra
bu
m
ulih
Hi
ghway
, KM
32 I
nderalay
a
Og
a
n Ili
r
30
662 So
ut
h
S
um
at
era,
Indonesia.
Em
a
il
:
pip
itm
a
c140
201@gm
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
ci
ty
of
P
al
e
m
ban
g
is
one
of
the
bi
g
ci
ty
in
Indonesia
that
has
hig
h
popula
ti
on
densi
ty
.
Be
cause
of
th
e
high
popula
ti
on
de
ns
it
y
in
the
ci
ty
of
Palem
ban
g,
th
is
has
res
ult
in
inc
rease
d
ga
rb
a
ge
pro
du
ct
io
n.
W
hile
the
trans
portat
io
n
of
ga
r
bag
e
i
n
Pale
m
bang
ci
ty
is
l
ess
eff
ect
ive
r
esulti
ng
in
ga
r
bag
e
accum
ulati
on
occurri
ng.
To
ov
e
rc
om
e
this
gar
ba
ge
acc
um
ula
ti
on
pro
ble
m
,
a
m
or
e
eff
ect
ive
an
d
effi
ci
ent
waste
tra
nspor
ta
ti
on
syst
em
i
s
nee
de
d.
This
kind
of
pro
ble
m
can
be
s
ol
ved
as
a
netw
or
k
[1
]
.
S
o
tha
t
it
can
m
ini
m
iz
e the di
sta
nce to
be
t
r
aveled a
nd t
he t
i
m
e n
eeded t
o com
plete
the garb
a
ge
tra
nsp
ort
at
ion
.
Ther
e
are
t
wo
ty
pes
of
ga
r
ba
ge
car
s
use
d,
nam
el
y
ar
m
ro
ll
and
dum
p
truc
k.
T
he
ca
pacit
y
of
garba
ge
that
can
be
tr
ans
ported
by
a
m
ro
ll
and
du
m
p
truck
s
is
4
to
ns
.
T
he
optim
al
ro
ute
to
be
determ
ined
is
the
distance
[
2,
3]
from
se
ver
al
T
WDs
(
tem
po
rar
y
wa
ste
disposal
)
t
o
fi
nal
waste
disposal
(
F
WD
)
in
the
form
of
a
veh
ic
le
routin
g
pro
blem
(
V
RP
)
[4
,
5]
m
od
el
.
In
ad
diti
on,
VRP
is
al
so
us
e
d
to
m
i
nim
iz
e
trans
portat
ion
costs
an
d
the
t
i
m
e
need
ed
for
ve
hicle
s
to
t
ran
s
port
waste
[6
]
.
In
t
his
case,
the
veh
ic
l
e
will
trans
port
wa
ste
from
each
TD
W
t
he
n
the
waste
will
be
bro
ught
to
FDW.
Ve
hicle
s
in
Sukaram
i
Su
b
-
Distric
t
hav
e
a
fi
xed
capaci
ty
wi
th
a
sin
gle
com
m
od
it
y,
s
o
-
cal
le
d
capa
ci
ta
te
d
veh
ic
l
e
routin
g
prob
le
m
s
(CVRP
)
[
7,
8]
.
Applic
at
ion
of
CVRP
is
an
ap
plica
ti
on
relat
ing
to
th
e
retrieval
an
d
delive
ry
of
goods
,
wh
e
re t
he
ca
pa
ci
ty
o
f goo
ds
is
lim
i
te
d
an
d re
m
ai
ns
a sp
eci
al
f
eat
ure
of the
CVRP m
od
el
[9
-
13]
.
The
tra
nsport
at
ion
syst
em
in
Suka
ram
i
Sub
-
Distric
t
is
div
i
ded
i
nt
o
6
w
orkin
g
areas
(
WA)
.
Ever
y
WA
has
on
e
garbag
e
truc
k.
I
n
this
c
ase,
A
fter
t
ransported
ga
r
bage
from
TWD
and
to
be
bro
ught
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dema
nd rob
ust
co
unte
r
pa
rt
open
cap
acitate
d
ve
hicle
routi
ng p
r
oble
m
ti
m
e wi
ndows
...
(
Fit
ri Maya
P
uspit
a)
6381
F
WD
,
t
he
ve
hicle
is
not
r
et
urned
to
t
he
en
v
ir
on
m
ental
and
hygien
e
se
r
vices
(
E
HS
)
Pale
m
bang
bu
t
th
e
ve
hicle
is
bro
ught
by
t
he
dr
i
ver
to
t
heir
res
pecti
ve
hom
es.
The
refore
,
that
the
w
ork
is
easi
er
an
d
m
or
e
eff
ect
ive
a
nd
veh
ic
le
r
ou
t
e
beco
m
es
m
or
e
e
ff
ic
ie
nt.
So
that
ga
r
ba
ge
tran
sportat
ion
in
t
he
Sukaram
i
Sub
-
Distric
t
use
d
the
open
ve
hicle
routing
pro
blem
(O
CVRP)
[7,
14]
,
w
her
e
the
r
oute
passe
d
does
no
t
fo
r
m
a
cl
os
ed
r
ou
te
bu
t
form
s
an
open
r
ou
te
.
I
f
th
e
route
is
no
t
c
losed
,
s
o
the
dri
ver
can
sta
rt
anyw
her
e
from
poin
t
so
this
pro
blem
has
uncertai
nty,
w
her
e
t
he
resu
lt
s
will
ob
t
ai
ned
var
y
gr
e
at
ly
.
Of
co
urse
,
am
on
g
th
os
e
resu
lt
s,
on
e
res
ult
is
the
best
s
olu
t
ion
.
This
unc
ertai
nty
is
defi
ned
as
t
he
dem
and
r
obus
t
counter
pa
rt
(
DRC)
m
od
el
[1
5
-
17]
.
DRC
m
od
el
is
exp
ect
ed
t
o
so
l
ve
the
uncertai
nty
w
he
re
i
n
this
ca
se,
t
he
unce
rtai
nty
is
the volum
e o
f
garba
ge
at
eac
h
T
D
W.
T
his
DRC m
od
el
can be s
olv
e
d by
LING
O 13.0
a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
The
draw
bac
ks
of
th
os
e
pre
vio
us
re
searc
hes
fo
c
us
e
d
on
DRC
m
od
el
wer
e
la
ck
of
inf
orm
at
ion
a
bout
tim
e
search
form
ula
need
e
d
by
the
ve
hicle
an
d
no
ti
m
e
l
i
m
i
t
to
tra
vel
f
or
each
T
WD.
I
n
fact,
for
ga
rb
a
ge
trans
portat
ion
in
Pale
m
ban
g
recently
,
the
real
sit
uation
do
e
s
not
fit
the
co
ndit
ion
of
DRC
m
od
el
on
ly
.
It
need
s
t
he
im
pr
ov
e
d
m
od
el
to
fit
the
real
conditi
on
occ
urrin
g
in
tran
s
portin
g
garba
ge
.
Adde
d
pa
r
a
m
et
ers
su
c
h
as
tim
e
t
hat
it
ta
kes
the
veh
ic
le
to
pa
ss
throu
gh
al
l
garbag
e
tra
nspor
t
points
an
d
the
tim
e
need
ed
to
m
ov
e
waste
fr
om
TWD
to
the
veh
ic
le
is
cal
le
d
tim
e
windows
[
6,
18
,
19]
.
O
the
r
par
am
et
er
wh
ic
h
i
s
dead
li
ne
[2
0
-
22]
m
eans ti
m
e
that t
akes a
v
e
hi
cl
e to c
om
plete
g
ar
ba
ge
tra
ns
po
rt.
Ba
sed
on
th
os
e
dr
a
w
backs
a
bove
,
it
is
a
c
riti
cal
need
f
or
re
arr
a
ng
i
ng
an
d
desig
ning
t
he
optim
al
ro
ute
as
ne
w
im
pr
oved
f
or
m
ulati
on
for
tra
ns
po
rting
t
he
garbag
e
unde
r
dem
and
rob
us
tness
wi
th
ad
ded
pa
ra
m
et
ers
nam
ely
tim
e
win
dows
a
nd
dead
li
ne
(D
R
C
-
OCVR
Ptw,
d
)
to
m
ee
t
the
real
conditi
on
occurri
ng
in
garba
ge
trans
portat
ion
nowa
days.
T
he
perform
ance
of
t
he
ne
w
m
od
el
will
be
c
om
par
ed
in
te
r
m
s
of
cost
gai
ned
wit
h
pr
e
vious
m
od
e
l
[1
7]
with
out
add
e
d
par
am
eter
inclu
ded.
T
he
m
od
el
propo
se
d
is
no
t
onl
y
helping
the
agen
cy
in
fin
ding
the
op
ti
m
al
ro
utes
bu
t
al
so
sa
ving
the
ope
rati
onal
cost
[
23
-
25]
fo
r
each
da
y
travell
ed
to
pick
up
the g
a
r
bag
e
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
distance
da
ta
is
ob
ta
ined
fr
om
EHS
Palem
ban
g,
w
here
Su
ka
ram
i
Su
b
-
Distric
t,
P
al
em
ban
g
was
chosen
as o
ne
t
he
cr
owde
d
are
a
in
Pale
m
ban
g.
Be
sides
t
hat,
a
su
r
vey
an
d
di
rect
ob
se
rvat
ion
w
ere
al
s
o
c
arr
ie
d
ou
t
t
o
c
heck
th
e
distance
fro
m
TW
D
t
o
T
WD,
F
WD
to
T
WD
,
a
nd
T
W
D
to
F
WD
.
T
he
data
is
al
s
o
ga
there
d
by
di
rect
inter
views
with
ga
r
bag
e
tr
u
ck
dri
ver
s
.
T
he
data
obta
ine
d
is
i
n
f
or
m
of
a
ve
hicle
bei
ng
dri
ven
at
a
sp
ee
d
of
30
km
/ho
ur.
As
f
or
t
he
tim
e
of
garba
ge
tra
ns
portat
io
n,
to
t
ra
ns
po
rt
2
to
ns
of
ga
rb
a
ge
to
th
e
truc
k
will
takes
1 hour. T
hen, ste
ps
to co
m
plete
th
e D
RC
-
OCVR
Ptw,
d
m
od
el
ar
e as f
ollo
wing.
-
Coll
ect
data
in
the
f
or
m
of
:
the
nu
m
b
er
of
cars
ope
rati
ng
in
the
Sukar
a
m
i
al
on
g
with
the
volum
e
of
veh
ic
le
ca
paci
ty
,
the
r
oute
thr
ough
eac
h
veh
ic
le
a
nd
the
vo
l
um
e
trans
porte
d
f
ro
m
each
T
WD,
the
distance
tr
aveled
from
the
betwee
n
T
W
D,
a
nd
T
WD
to
F
WD
.
T
he
a
ve
rag
e
sp
ee
d
of
the
ve
hicle
m
us
t
al
so
be
known
w
hen
car
ryi
ng
ou
t
ga
rb
a
ge
trans
portat
io
n,
as
well
as
a
n
est
im
at
e
of
how
l
ong
it
ta
kes
the j
a
nito
r
to
m
ov
e
w
a
ste
from
the T
WD
t
o t
he
tr
uck.
-
Fo
rm
the
dista
nce
data
f
or
e
ach
work
i
ng
a
rea
in
t
he
S
ukaram
i
Su
b
-
Distric
t
into
ta
ble
s.
Th
e
ta
bles
a
re
cal
le
d
the
distance m
at
rix
ta
bles.
-
Mod
el
an
d
de
sign
the
ne
w
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
m
od
el
of
DRC
-
O
CVRPt
w,d
by
colle
ct
ing
al
l
the
distance
data
,
garba
ge
vo
l
um
e
data
at
ev
ery
T
WD
i
nto
the
DRC
Mo
del
that
has
be
en
form
ed
into
the
ti
m
e
searc
h
form
ula in th
e
m
od
el
.
-
Inp
ut
the
m
od
el
into
the
L
I
NGO
13.0
a
pp
li
cat
ion
.
The
m
et
ho
d
us
e
d
in
LI
N
GO
13.
0
is
the
Bra
nch
an
d
Boun
d
m
et
ho
d.
LING
O
13.0
disp
la
ys
the
optim
al
so
luti
on,
the
tim
e
dead
li
ne,
the
r
oute
to
be
passe
d
by
veh
ic
le
,
ti
m
e
need
e
d
to
pas
s
al
l
ro
utes
a
nd
the
ti
m
e
need
ed
t
o
trans
po
rt
garba
ge
to
veh
ic
le
(t
w)
w
it
h
add
it
io
n dea
dline
(d) fo
r
eac
h work
i
ng area
.
-
Perfo
rm
ance
e
valuati
on
is
done
by
com
par
in
g
with
pre
vi
ou
s
r
oute
s
wi
thout
ad
ded
pa
ram
et
er
and
then
form
the
m
od
el
fo
r
eac
h
w
ork
area
in
t
he
Su
ka
ram
i
S
ub
-
Dist
rict
and
m
ake
a
ro
ut
e
m
ap
fo
r
ea
ch
work area
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
In
S
uk
a
ram
i
S
ub
-
Dist
rict
Palem
ban
g,
eac
h
garba
ge
tra
nsp
or
t
ve
hicle
is
div
ide
d
i
nto
e
ver
y
w
orkin
g
areas
that
a
re
pro
vid
e
d
by
6
garba
ge
tr
ans
port
ve
hicle
s
in
with
ca
pacit
y
of
e
ve
ry
ve
hicle
4
ton
s
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
re
are
6
-
w
or
king
area
in
Sukaram
i
Su
bd
ist
rict
.
The
ve
hicle
ty
pes,
T
WD
locat
ion,
T
WD
capaci
ty
and
Garba
ge
volu
m
e
in
ever
y
WA
i
n
Suka
ra
m
i
Su
b
-
Distric
t
are
exp
la
ine
d
in
Ta
ble
1.
Table
2
exp
la
in
s
on
e
of
the
distance ta
ble in 6
WA in
Suka
ram
i t
hat
is
WA
1.
T
he d
ist
ance
s
are
m
e
asur
e
d
i
n km
.
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8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
6
,
Dec
e
m
ber
2020
:
6380
-
6388
6382
Table
1.
T
he
v
ehicl
e
t
ypes,
T
WD
l
ocati
on,
T
WD
c
a
pacit
y
and
g
a
r
bag
e
v
ol
um
e in ev
ery
WA in
Suka
ra
m
i Sub
-
Distric
t
W
o
rkin
g
Ar
ea
(WA)
Veh
icle
Ty
p
e
T
WD
Locatio
n
T
WD
Ty
p
e
T
W
D Cap
acit
y
(T
o
n
s)
Garbag
e
Vo
lu
m
e (
Ton
s)
W
A 1
Du
m
p
T
ruck
056
DKK
Fib
re
2
0
.5
KM
1
1
Fib
re
2
1
.2
Dep
o
T
rans
f
er
Ke
b
u
n
Bu
n
g
a
Fib
re
3
2
.4
W
A 2
Du
m
p
T
ruck
052
Jl. T
an
ju
n
g
Api
-
A
p
i
Fib
re
2
1
.3
Peru
m
Po
lan
tas
Fib
re
2
1
.8
Su
k
a Ban
g
u
n
I
Fib
re
2
1
.7
W
A 3
Du
m
p
T
ruck
054
Jl. Kol H
Bu
rlian
KM
7
Fib
re
2
1
.4
Ko
m
p
.
Pe
rind
u
strian
Fib
re
2
1
.1
Pasar Retai
l Blo
k
Depan
Co
n
crete
3
1
.5
W
A 4
Du
m
p
T
ruck
C
.10
Su
k
ara
m
e
Scattered
4
.0
W
A 5
Du
m
p
T
ruck
055
Talang
Ja
m
b
e
Co
n
tain
er
4
2
.7
VIP
Ban
d
ara
Co
n
crete
3
2
.5
PDK
Co
n
tain
er
4
1
.2
Grand
City
Fib
re
2
1
.4
W
A 6
Du
m
p
T
ruck
057
Jl. Adi Su
cip
to
Fib
re
2
1
.5
Jl. Suk
awin
atan
Fib
re
2
1
.2
Jl. Per
t
en
d
ean Lur
ah
Suk
a Ban
g
u
n
Fib
re
2
1
.3
So
u
rce:
EHS
(
en
v
i
ron
m
en
tal and
hyg
ien
e services)
Pale
m
b
an
g
Table
2.
Dista
nc
e am
on
g
F
W
D
a
nd T
WD
s
in WA
1 S
uk
a
r
a
m
i Sub
-
Distri
ct
FW
D
1
2
3
FW
D
0
1
3
.2
19
.
42
19
.
58
1
1
3
.2
0
3
.4
4
.2
2
19
.
42
3
.4
0
5
.
39
3
19
.
58
4
.2
5
.
39
0
w
ith
Kar
ya
Jay
a F
WD
1.
DKK
T
WD
2.
KM 11
T
WD
3.
Kebu
n
B
unga T
WD
The
im
pr
oved
m
od
el
as
DR
C
-
OCVR
P
tw
,
d
m
od
el
is
desig
ned
as
f
ollo
ws
.
This
M
odel
consi
sts
of
a com
bin
at
ion
of the
DRC M
od
el
a
nd
OCV
RP Mo
del and
tim
e fo
rm
ula.
Mi
n
=
∑
0
0
+
0
0
+
∑
,
Subj
ect
to
∑
0
+
0
+
,
≥
1
(
=
1
,
2
,
…
)
∑
0
+
∑
,
≥
(
)
∑
0
+
∑
,
≥
(
)
≤
≤
∀
\
{
0
}
−
+
≤
−
∀
,
∈
,
≠
0
,
≠
0
≥
0
≥
0
0
=
0
0
=
0
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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p
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g
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S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dema
nd rob
ust
co
unte
r
pa
rt
open
cap
acitate
d
ve
hicle
routi
ng p
r
oble
m
ti
m
e wi
ndows
...
(
Fit
ri Maya
P
uspit
a)
6383
=
0
+
=
∑
0
+
0
+
∑
,
{
0
,
1
}
(
1
≤
≤
≤
)
0
{
0
,
1
}
(
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
)
,
0
,
≥
0
(
1
≤
≤
≤
)
W
it
h
par
am
et
e
rs defi
ned are a
s foll
ow
s
.
z
:
Functi
on of
op
tim
a
l route t
hat
to be m
ini
m
ized
(k
m
)
c
0
i
:
Dista
nce
from
F
WD
to
T
WD
-
i
(k
m
)
c
i
0
:
Dista
nce
from
T
WD
-
i
to
F
W
D
(
km
)
c
ij
:
Dista
nce
from
T
WD
-
i
to
T
W
D
-
j
(k
m
)
y
i
0
:
Trav
el
R
oute
fro
m
T
W
D
-
i
to
F
WD
y
0
i
:
Trav
el
R
oute
fro
m
TPA
t
o
T
WD
-
i
x
ij
:
Trav
el
R
oute
fro
m
T
W
D
-
i
to
T
WD
-
j
K
:
Nu
m
ber
of v
e
hi
cl
es
K
(
s
)
=d
(
s
)
/Q
:
Mi
ni
m
u
m
Li
m
it
f
or the
num
ber
of
ve
hicle
s nee
ded to
visit
T
WD
(
s
)
d
(
s
)
:
The
am
ount of
garba
ge
that
m
us
t
be
rem
ov
e
d from
the T
WD
(
t
on
s
)
Q
:
Veh
ic
le
Ca
pacit
y (ton
s
)
A
:
Set o
f
al
l n
ode
s
:
Set o
f
al
l T
WD
d
i
:
Ca
pacit
y of
T
WD
-
i
(to
ns)
l
i
:
Ca
pacit
y of
t
ra
ns
po
rted ga
rb
a
ge vehicl
es
w
he
n
le
avi
ng T
W
D
-
i
(
to
ns
)
d
j
:
Ca
pacit
y of
T
WD
-
j
(
t
ons)
l
j
:
Ca
pacit
y
of
t
ra
ns
po
rted ga
rb
a
ge vehicl
es
w
he
n
le
avi
ng T
W
D
-
j
(
to
ns
)
d
:
The
am
ount
of
the
ti
m
e
need
ed
to
c
om
plete
the
tran
spo
rt
of
wa
ste
f
r
om
al
l
po
ll
in
g
sta
ti
on
s
(m
in)
tw
0i
:
The
ti
m
e n
eed
ed fo
r vehicl
e
f
ro
m
F
WD
to
T
WD
-
i
(m
in)
tw
i0
:
The
ti
m
e n
eed
ed fo
r vehicl
e
f
ro
m
T
W
D
-
i
to
F
WD
(m
in)
tw
ij
:
The
ti
m
e n
eed
ed fo
r vehicl
e
f
ro
m
T
W
D
-
i
to
T
WD
-
j
(m
in)
v
:
Veh
ic
le
S
pee
d (30
km
/
hour
)
k
:
The
s
pee
d of
m
ov
ing
garba
ge
to
a
ve
hicle
(2 to
n/
ho
ur
)
The
a
bove
m
od
el
is
an
DRC
-
OC
VRP
tw
,
d
m
od
el
,
w
hich
is
a
com
bin
at
io
n
of
t
he
r
obus
t
counter
par
t
m
od
el
and
OCVRP
m
od
el
an
d
ad
de
d
a
f
or
m
ula
to
fin
d
ti
m
e
in
the
m
od
el
.
The
a
bove
m
od
el
is
us
ed
to
fin
d
the
m
ini
m
u
m
distance
of
wa
ste
trans
portat
ion
r
ou
te
s
an
d
t
he
ti
m
e
need
ed
to
c
om
plete
gar
ba
ge
tra
nsp
ort
at
ion
.
T
he
tim
e
needed
f
or
the
ve
h
ic
le
to
cro
ss
th
e
route
an
d
the
tim
e
need
ed
by
the
of
fice
r
to
m
ov
e
the
ga
r
ba
ge
to
the tr
uck b
e
d
is
call
ed
ti
m
e w
i
ndows
(
tw
).
F
or the
WA
1 m
od
el
then
(
)
=
0
.
3
+
1
.
2
+
2
.
4
4
=
3
.
9
4
=
0
.
975
Nex
t,
Mi
nim
um
=
13.
2
01
+
19.
42
02
+
19.
58
03
+
13.
2
10
+
3
.
4
12
+
4.
2
13
+
19.
42
20
+
3.
4
21
+
5.
39
23
+
19.
58
30
+ 4
.
2
31
+ 5.
39
32
Subj
ect
t
o
01
+
12
+
13
+
10
≥
1
02
+
21
+
23
+
20
≥
1
03
+
31
+
32
+
30
≥
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
6
,
Dec
e
m
ber
2020
:
6380
-
6388
6384
01
+
02
+
03
+
12
+
13
+
21
+
23
+
31
+
32
≥
0
.
975
10
+
20
+
30
+
12
+
13
+
21
+
23
+
31
+
32
≥
0
.
975
300
≤
1
≤
4000
1200
≤
2
≤
4000
2400
≤
3
≤
4000
1
−
2
+
4000
12
≤
2800
1
−
3
+
4000
13
≤
1600
2
−
1
+
4000
21
≤
3700
2
−
3
+
4000
23
≤
1600
3
−
1
+
4000
31
≤
3700
3
−
2
+
4000
32
≤
2800
01
,
02
,
03
,
12
,
13
,
21
,
23
,
31
,
32
≥
0
Be
cause
the
r
ou
te
obta
ined
is
no
t
valid,
th
en
the
ad
diti
on
of
balanci
ng
of
co
ns
trai
nts
are
need
e
d.
Con
st
raint
03
+
31
+
32
+
30
≥
1
can
be
re
f
or
m
ulate
d
i
nto
32
=
1
.
A
fter
t
he
route
is
ob
t
ai
ned
,
the
n
ad
d
tim
e
wind
ows
and
dea
dline
pa
ram
et
ers
based
on
t
he
route
that
has
bee
n
ob
ta
ine
d.
T
herefo
re,
t
he
m
odel
can
be
a
dd
e
d
a
s fol
lows
.
≤
30
≤
4000
/
120
32
=
5
.
39
+
2400
21
=
3
.
4
+
1200
10
=
13
.
2
+
300
=
32
+
21
+
10
The
m
od
el
is s
olv
e
d by usi
ng
LING
O 13.0
to
obtai
n
the
decisi
on
va
riables
as
de
picte
d
i
n Table
3
.
Table
3
.
D
RC
-
OCVRP
tw
,
d
s
ol
ution f
or
w
orki
ng
a
rea
1 in
Sukaram
i Sub
-
Di
stric
t
Variable
W
A 1
Variable
W
A 1
z
2
1
.99
x
31
0
y
01
0
x
32
1
y
02
0
l
1
300
y
03
0
l
2
1200
y
10
2
l
3
2400
x
12
0
tw
32
8
2
.78
m
in
u
tes
x
13
0
tw
21
4
2
.8
m
in
u
tes
y
20
0
tw
10
3
5
.4
m
in
u
tes
x
21
1
d
1
6
0
.98
m
in
u
tes
x
23
0
v
3
0
k
m
/ja
m
y
30
0
k
3
3
.33
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dema
nd rob
ust
co
unte
r
pa
rt
open
cap
acitate
d
ve
hicle
routi
ng p
r
oble
m
ti
m
e wi
ndows
...
(
Fit
ri Maya
P
uspit
a)
6385
Sukaram
i
Su
b
-
Distric
t
has
3
T
WD
s
with
1
veh
ic
le
us
e
d
to
trans
port
wast
e
from
3
TWDs.
Table
3
is
the
so
luti
on
t
o
the
searc
h
for
waste
tra
nsporta
ti
on
rou
te
s
in
work
i
ng
area
1
by
us
in
g
LI
N
GO
13
.
0.
Var
ia
ble
with
value
of
1
m
e
ans
that
the
r
oute
is
passed,
wh
il
e
va
riable
s
with
value
of
0
are
no
t
pa
ssed
.
Mi
ni
m
u
m
dist
ance
obta
ined
was
of
21.99
km
with
a
dead
li
ne
tim
e
of
160.98
m
inu
te
s
or
2
hours
41
m
inu
te
s
as
Table
3
e
xpla
ined
.
Fi
g
ure
1
dep
ic
ts
th
e
op
ti
m
al
ro
ut
e
for
tra
nsport
at
ion
of
waste,
sta
rting
from
Kebu
n
Bunga
T
WD
-
KM
11
T
WD
-
Kar
ya
J
ay
a
F
WD
–
D
KK
T
WD
-
Ka
rya
Ja
ya
F
WD
.
If
c
om
par
e
d
with
re
search
from
Pu
sp
it
a
et
al
[
1]
,
t
he
re
a
r
e
dif
fer
e
nt
res
ul
t
s
du
e
to
ad
diti
on
al
F
WD
rec
ently
an
d
upda
te
d
the
dista
nc
e
an
d
vo
l
um
e o
f was
te
.
Tab
le
4
dis
play
s
the
res
ults f
or
6
WA
i
n Su
kar
am
i by LINGO 1
3.0.
Figure
1.
WA
1
in
S
uk
a
ram
i
Sub
-
D
ist
rict
Table
4
.
So
l
ution o
f DRC
-
OCVRP
tw,d
in
Suk
aram
i
Su
b
-
D
ist
rict
s
So
lv
er
Statu
s
W
o
rkin
g
Ar
ea
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mod
el Class
MLP
State
Op
ti
m
al
Glo
b
al
Ob
jectiv
e
2
1
.99
5
5
.95
5
8
.57
2
4
.07
7
7
.66
3
4
.37
Inf
easib
ility
0
0
0
0
0
0
Iter
atio
n
s
12
0
0
0
0
0
Deadli
n
e
2
ho
u
rs
4
1
m
in
u
tes
4
ho
u
rs
1
6
m
in
u
tes
4
ho
u
rs
2
2
m
in
u
tes
3
ho
u
rs
3
7
m
in
u
tes
6
ho
u
rs
2
9
m
in
u
tes
3
ho
u
rs
9
m
in
u
tes
The
n,
the
opti
m
al
ro
ute
f
or
ot
her
5
WA
is
de
scribe
d
in
Fi
g
ur
e
2(
a
)
to
2(
e
)
(s
ee
in
A
pp
e
nd
i
x)
.
From
the
cal
culat
ion
us
ing
the
L
INGO
13.0
ap
pli
cat
ion
,
the
f
ollow
i
ng
re
su
lt
s
are
ob
ta
i
ned
a
s
Table
4
ex
plained
.
The
l
ongest
ti
m
e
dead
li
ne
is
achiev
ed
in
WA
3
with
4
hours
a
nd
22
m
i
nu
te
s
w
hile
the
shortest
one
is
within
3
hours
9
m
inu
te
s.
The
di
ff
e
ren
ces
in
dea
dl
ine
are
due
t
o
how
m
any
TWD
s
a
nd
the
area
s
c
overe
d.
WA
1
involves
qu
ite
m
any
TWD
s
that
is
w
hy
it
ta
kes
quit
e
so
m
e
tim
e
t
o
fi
nish
the
r
ou
te
s
.
S
o
th
e
far
t
her
the
dista
nce
a
nd
the
m
or
e
volum
e
of
wast
e,
the
m
or
e
ti
m
e
is
need
e
d
t
o
c
om
plete
the
trans
port
of
ga
rb
a
ge.
The
obj
e
ct
ive
functi
on
value
sh
ows
th
e
optim
al
ro
utes
ob
ta
ined
with
the
add
it
ion
al
val
ue
of
ti
m
e
wind
ow
s
and
de
adline
ne
eded
f
or
eac
h
w
orkin
g
a
rea.
Fig
ure
2
e
xpla
ined
al
l
ot
her
5
r
ou
te
s
in
Suka
ram
i.
Tho
se
fi
gures
sh
ow t
he direct
arcs fr
om
each
T
WD
t
o
F
WD
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
m
od
el
s
design
e
d
is
aime
d
to
ha
ve
m
or
e
op
ti
m
al
ro
ut
es
fo
r
EH
S
in
Pale
m
ban
g
to
decide
i
n
savin
g
the
ope
rati
on
al
c
os
t.
The
resu
lt
s
s
how
n
t
hat
the
m
or
e
F
W
D
s
the
lo
nger
ti
m
e
s
to
fi
nish
t
he
routes
sh
ow
n
by
the
dead
li
ne
.
T
he
m
od
el
is
cal
culat
ed
exactl
y
by
us
ing
LI
NGO
13.
0
to
s
ho
w
the
op
ti
m
al
routes.
Howe
ver,
due
to
so
m
e
assumpti
on
on
tra
ff
i
cs
since
the
f
oc
us
of
rob
us
tn
ess
is
in
te
rm
s
of
dem
and
f
or
each
T
WD
,
the
n
f
or
further
resea
r
ch
pe
rh
a
ps
ca
n
exten
d
into
t
he
robustness
i
n
deali
ng
with
t
i
m
e
traveled
to
pick
up the
ga
rb
a
ge.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
6
,
Dec
e
m
ber
2020
:
6380
-
6388
6386
APPE
ND
I
X
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure
2. The
o
the
r 5
r
oute
s i
n
S
ukaram
i Su
b
-
Distric
t (a
)
f
or
WA
2, (
b) for
WA
3
,
(c
)
f
or
WA
4
,
(
d)
for
WA
5
,
(
e) fo
r
WA
6
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
re
searc
h
i
s
fun
ded
by
D
irect
or
at
e
oh
Higher
E
ducat
ion
of
Ind
ones
ia
throu
gh
Pene
li
ti
an
Dasar
Ung
gu
la
n
Pe
r
gur
ua
n
Tin
ggi
Year 2
019
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dema
nd rob
ust
co
unte
r
pa
rt
open
cap
acitate
d
ve
hicle
routi
ng p
r
oble
m
ti
m
e wi
ndows
...
(
Fit
ri Maya
P
uspit
a)
6387
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
K.
Sw
am
y
S.
,
et
al
.
,
“
Design
and
implement
a
ti
on
of
sec
ur
ed
age
n
t
b
ase
d
N
OC
using
short
est
pa
th
rout
ing
al
gorit
hm
,
”
Inter
nati
onal
Journal
of
El
ectr
ic
a
l
and
Comput
er
Eng
ineering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
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n
o.
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pp.
950
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2019.
[2]
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Yuliza
and
F.
M.
Pus
pit
a,
“
The
Branc
h
and
Cut
Method
for
Solving
Capa
c
it
ated
Vehicle
Routi
ng
Proble
m
(CVRP
)
Model
of
LPG
Gas
Dis
tri
buti
on
Rout
es,
”
Sci
en
ce
and
Technol
og
y
Indone
s
ia
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no.
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05
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Le
t
chf
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,
“
A
bra
nc
h
and
cut
al
gor
ithm
for
the
ca
pa
ci
t
at
ed
op
en
veh
ic
l
e
routi
ng
prob
le
m
,
”
Journal
of
the
Operat
ional
Re
search
So
ciet
y
,
vo
l. 58, no. 12
,
pp
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1642
-
1651
,
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7.
[4]
K.
Brae
k
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al.
,
“
Th
e
veh
icle
rout
ing
probl
em:
Stat
e
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th
e
art
c
la
ss
ifi
c
at
i
on
and
rev
ie
w,
”
Computers
and
Ind
ustrial
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
vol
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99
,
pp.
300
-
313
,
20
16.
[5]
Z.
Bor
ci
nov
a
an
d
S.
Pesko,
“
The
l
exi
cogr
aphica
l
c
apa
c
itate
d
ve
hic
l
e
rout
ing
pr
oble
m
,
”
2017
I
EE
E
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Con
fe
renc
e
on
S
erv
ice
Operat
ion
s and
Logis
ti
cs,
and
Informatic
s
(
SO
LI
)
,
Bari,
I
tal
y
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2017
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[6]
A.
Agra,
et
al.
,
“
The
robust
veh
ic
l
e
rout
ing
pro
ble
m
with
t
ime
windows
,
”
Computers
and
Ope
rations
Res
ear
ch
,
vol.
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no
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,
pp
.
856
-
866
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[7]
S.
N.
Ku
m
ar
and
R.
Pannee
rselva
m
,
“
A
surv
e
y
on
the
veh
icle
routi
ng
probl
em
and
it
s
var
ia
nts,”
Int
el
l
ige
n
t
Inf
orm
ati
on
Ma
nag
eme
nt
,
vol
.
4
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
66
-
7
4,
2012
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[8]
I.
Sungur
,
et
al.
,
“
A
robust
Opt
imiza
ti
on
Appro
ac
h
for
the
c
ap
ac
i
ta
t
ed
Veh
ic
l
e
Routi
ng
Probl
e
m
with
demand
unce
rt
ai
nt
y
,
”
IIE
Tr
ans
act
ions
,
v
ol.
40
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
509
-
523,
2008
.
[9]
F.
Baouc
he
,
et
al
.
,
“
El
e
ct
ri
c
ve
hic
l
e
shortest
pat
h
proble
m
wit
h
rep
le
nishm
ent
constra
int,”
20
14
In
te
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on
C
onnec
t
ed
V
ehicl
es
and
E
xpo
(
ICCVE
)
,
Vienn
a,
Aus
tri
a,
2014
.
[10]
E.
Yuliza
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Soluti
on
of
Ca
pac
i
ta
t
ed
Vehic
l
e
Routi
ng
Problem
Us
ing
Branc
h
and
Cut
Method
and
Cla
rke
a
nd
W
right
Algorit
h
m
for
Dete
rm
ining
LPG
Gas
Di
stribut
ion
Rou
te
s,”
2nd
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Conf
ere
nce
on
Sc
ie
n
ce
an
d
Technol
ogy
(
ICST)
,
2019
.
[Onlin
e]
,
Available:
h
ttp://
sem
ira
t
at
h
e2
ndic
st.f
m
ipa.uni
b.
ac.i
d
/
.
[11]
C
.
C.
Yeh
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Two
-
Stage
It
era
t
ed
Lo
ca
l
Se
arc
h
for
Solv
ing
Capa
c
it
a
te
d
Ve
hic
l
e
Routi
ng
P
roble
m
s,”
2016
Inte
rnational
Sy
mpos
ium
on
Computer,
Consum
er
and
Control
(
IS3C)
,
Xi’a
n,
Ch
ina
,
pp.
45
-
48,
2
016.
[12]
X.
Zhe
ng
zhe
ng
,
“
A
vehi
cl
e
rout
ing
appr
oa
ch
us
ing
m
ixe
d
veh
icles
for
pi
ckup
a
nd
del
iv
er
y
serv
ic
es
to
a
irpor
t,”
The
27th
Ch
ine
s
e
Control
and
D
ec
ision
Confe
ren
ce
(
2015
CCDC
)
,
Qingdao
,
Ch
in
a
,
pp
.
6330
-
6334
,
2015
.
[13]
A.
R.
Daa
nish
and
B.
K.
Naic
k,
“
Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
cha
rging
station
base
d
el
e
ct
ri
c
vehi
c
le
routi
n
g
proble
m
using
nea
rest
n
ei
ghbo
ur
sea
rch
a
lgorithm
,
”
2017
2nd
IEE
E
In
te
rnati
onal
Confe
ren
c
e
on
Intelli
g
ent
Tr
anspo
rtati
on
Engi
ne
ering
,
Singapore
,
Singapo
re,
pp
.
52
-
56,
20
17.
[14]
U.
Li
powe
zk
y
,
et
a
l.
,
“
Solving
the
Cap
acitate
d
Open
Vehicle
R
outi
ng
Problem
Algorit
hm
,
Base
d
on
Probabili
t
y
Distribut
ion
Mo
del
li
ng
of
Savin
g
Matri
x
,
”
I
EE
E
Inte
rnationa
l
C
onfe
renc
e
on
the
Sci
en
ce
of
El
e
ctr
ic
al
Eng
ineerin
g
in
Isr
ael
(
ICSEE)
,
Ei
l
at
,
Israe
l
,
p
p.
1
-
5
,
2018
.
[15]
Y.
Hart
ono,
et
al
.
,
“
LINGO
-
Based
on
Rob
ust
Counte
rpa
r
t
Open
Capaci
t
at
ed
Veh
ic
l
e
Routi
ng
Proble
m
(RC
-
OCV
RP
)
Model
of
W
ast
e
Tra
nsport
at
ion
i
n
Pale
m
bang,”
2
018
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Confe
r
enc
e
on
Information
an
d
Comm
unic
ati
ons Tec
hnolog
y
(
ICOIACT)
,
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429
-
4
35
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[16]
F.
M.
Pu
spita
,
et
al
.
,
“
Model
of
Dem
and
R
obust
Counte
rpa
rt
Open
Capaci
t
at
ed
Vehi
cl
e
Routi
ng
Problem
(DRC
-
OCV
RP
)
Sim
pli
fic
ation
by
Appl
y
ing
Prep
roc
essing
Te
chn
i
ques
in
Rubbish
Control
li
ng
in
Sem
at
ang
Borang
Distric
t
,
Pal
embang,
”
in
E3S
We
b
of
Con
fe
ren
ce
s
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vol
.
68
,
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p
.
1
-
6
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2018
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[17]
F.
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pit
a,
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al
.
,
“
Robust
Counte
rpa
r
t
Open
Capa
c
it
a
ti
on
Ve
hic
l
e
Routi
ng
(RCOCV
RP
)
Mod
el
in
Optimiza
t
io
n
of
Garba
g
e
Tr
a
nsportat
ion
in
S
ako
Distri
ct
and
Sukara
m
i
Distr
ic
t
,
Pal
embang
Cit
y
,
”
Int
ernational
J
ournal
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
and
C
omput
er
Eng
in
e
ering
(
IJE
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4
382
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4390,
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[18]
A.
K.
Ari
y
an
i,
et a
l.
,
“
H
y
br
id
Gene
tic
Algorit
hm
s a
nd
Sim
ula
te
d
Annea
li
ng
for
Multi
-
tr
ip
Vehicle
Routi
ng
Proble
m
with
Ti
m
e
W
indows,”
Inte
rnati
onal
J
ournal
of
El
ectr
ic
a
l
and
Comput
er
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE
)
,
vol.
8,
no.
6
,
pp.
4713
-
4723
,
2018
.
[19]
F.
M.
Pus
pit
a,
e
t
al.
,
“
Robust
C
ounte
rpa
r
t
-
Open
Capa
c
it
a
te
d
Ve
hic
l
e
Routi
ng
Pr
oble
m
with
Ti
m
e
W
indows
and
Dea
dli
n
e
(RC
-
OCV
RP
TW
D)
Model
in
Opti
m
iz
at
ion
of
Garba
ge
Tra
nspo
rta
ti
on
in
Sub
-
Distric
t
Ka
li
do
ni,
Pale
m
bang
using L
ING
O 13.
0,
”
2nd
Inte
rnationa
l
Confe
renc
e
on
Sci
en
ce
and
Tec
hnology
(
ICST
)
,
Bengkul
u
,
2019
.
[Online
]
,
Avai
lable:
htt
p
:/
/semira
ta
th
e2ndi
cst
.
fm
ipa
.
unib
.
a
c.
id
/
.
[20]
Y.
Adul
y
asa
k
a
nd
P.
Jail
l
et,
“
Models
and
a
lg
orit
hm
s
for
stoc
hasti
c
and
robus
t
vehicle
routi
n
g
with
de
adl
in
e
s,”
Tr
anspo
rtati
on
S
ci
en
ce
,
pp
.
1
-
19
,
2015.
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X.
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BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Fi
tr
i
Ma
y
a
Pusp
ita
rec
e
ive
d
he
r
S.Si
degr
ee
in
Mathe
m
at
i
cs
from
Sriwijay
a
Uni
ver
sit
y
,
Sout
h
Sum
at
era
,
Indo
nesia
in
1997.
The
n
she
recei
ved
he
r
M.Sc
in
Mathe
m
at
i
c
s
from
Curti
n
Univer
sit
y
of
T
e
chnol
og
y
(CUT)
W
este
rn
Aus
tralia
in
2004.
She
got
her
Ph.D
fr
om
Facul
t
y
of
Scie
nc
e
and
T
ec
hnolog
y
Isl
a
m
ic
Scie
nc
e
U
nive
rsit
y
of
Malay
si
a
(US
IM),
Nilai,
N
ege
ri
Sem
bil
an
Darul
Khus
us,
Malay
si
a
in
2015.
She
h
as
bee
n
a
Ma
them
at
ic
s
Depa
rtm
ent
m
ember
at
Facul
t
y
m
a
the
m
at
i
cs
and
Na
tural
Scie
n
ce
s
Sriwi
j
a
y
a
Univ
ersity
S
outh
Sum
at
era
I
ndonesia
sin
c
e
1998.
Her
rese
a
rch
intere
sts
in
c
lude
opt
imiza
t
io
n
and
it
s
app
lic
at
ions
such
as
v
ehi
c
le
rout
ing
proble
m
s a
nd
Q
oS pri
ci
ng
and
c
har
ging in
th
ird gene
ra
ti
on
intern
et
.
An
i
Sa
hara
Br.
Siman
jun
ta
k
cu
rre
ntly
re
ce
iv
es
her
S.Si
degr
ee
i
n
Mathe
m
at
ic
s
f
rom
Sriwijay
a
Univer
sit
y
,
South
Sum
at
era
,
Ind
onesia
in
the
be
ginni
ng
of
y
e
ar
2020
.
Her
r
ese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
foc
us
on
opt
imiz
at
ion
proble
m
espe
cially
on
v
ehicle rout
ing
probl
em a
nd
it
s va
r
ian.
Rima
Melati
c
urre
ntly
recei
v
e
s
her
S.Si
d
egr
ee
in
Math
emat
ic
s
from
Sriwij
a
y
a
Univ
ersity
,
South
Sum
at
era,
Indone
si
a
in
t
he
begi
nn
ing
of
y
ea
r
2020
.
He
r
rese
ar
ch
in
te
r
est
foc
uss
on
opti
m
iz
ation
pro
ble
m
espe
c
iall
y
on
vehicle routin
g
proble
m
and
i
t
s va
ria
n
.
Sis
ca
Oc
tar
ina
rec
ei
v
ed
her
S.Si
degr
ee
in
Mathe
m
at
i
cs
from
Sriwijay
a
Univer
sit
y
,
Sout
h
Sum
at
era
,
Indo
nesia
in
2005
.
The
n
she
re
cei
ved
her
M.Sc
i
n
Mathe
m
at
i
cs
from
Nan
y
ang
Te
chno
logi
c
al
U
nive
rsit
y
(NTU)
in
2010
.
She
h
as
bee
n
a
Mathem
at
ic
s
Depa
r
tment
m
ember
at
Fa
cul
t
y
m
a
the
m
at
i
cs
and
Na
tural
Scie
n
ce
s
Sriwi
j
a
y
a
Univ
ersity
S
outh
Sum
at
era
I
ndonesia
sin
ce
2006.
Her
rese
a
rch
intere
sts
include
opti
m
i
za
t
io
n
and
it
s
app
li
c
at
ions
such
as
cut
ti
ng
sto
ck
proble
m
vehicl
e routi
ng
prob
le
m
and
de
lay
m
an
ag
ement.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.