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ste
m
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d
.
K
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s
:
C
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n
tr
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l stra
te
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E
m
u
lated
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Fo
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to
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©
2
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In
stit
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te o
f
A
d
v
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n
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d
E
n
g
i
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rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
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e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
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e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
H.
V.
Gu
r
u
r
aj
a
R
ao
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Ma
n
ip
al
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
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ec
h
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,
M
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HE
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@
m
an
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al.
e
d
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
1
.
1
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d
Du
e
to
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
,
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
ar
e
o
f
te
n
u
n
d
er
-
u
tili
ze
d
an
d
o
p
er
ated
m
u
ch
b
elo
w
th
eir
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Ser
ie
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
F
AC
T
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
e
lp
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
an
d
h
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Hy
b
r
id
s
er
ie
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tio
n
i.e
.
a
p
ass
i
v
e
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
a
SS
S
C
i
s
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
ea
s
o
n
s
[
3
]
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
VS
C
b
ase
d
FAC
T
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
th
er
e
is
a
p
r
o
v
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n
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
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ag
e
d
ev
ice
lik
e
b
atter
y
,
f
u
el
ce
ll
SME
S a
t t
h
e
D
C
b
u
s
.
T
h
is
w
ill
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
li
n
e
[
4
]
.
1
.
2
.
P
r
o
ble
m
a
nd
pro
po
s
ed
s
o
lutio
n
Op
er
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
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tio
n
o
f
F
AC
T
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ca
n
i
m
p
ac
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fe
w
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
F
AC
T
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
i
s
io
n
o
f
SS
SC
a
n
d
T
C
P
S
in
au
to
m
atic
g
e
n
er
atio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
th
er
m
al
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
[
5
]
.
I
n
[
6
]
,
it
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
u
n
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
w
ill
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
w
h
e
n
P
MU
s
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
w
ith
F
AC
T
S.
Mo
d
if
icatio
n
s
i
n
s
tead
y
s
tate
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
in
ca
s
e
o
f
SS
S
C
w
it
h
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
[
7
]
an
d
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
i
th
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
I
n
[
9
]
,
S
T
A
T
C
OM
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
f
u
el
ce
l
l
is
s
h
o
wn
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
ta
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
o
w
er
o
s
cil
latio
n
d
a
m
p
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
it
h
ST
A
T
C
OM
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
i
n
[
1
0
]
.
I
m
p
ac
t
o
f
SS
S
C
a
n
d
UP
F
C
w
it
h
SME
S
o
n
d
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
o
p
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n
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
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n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Sm
all
s
i
g
n
al
s
tab
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y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
s
y
s
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m
w
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h
S
SS
C
–
E
S
is
h
i
g
h
lig
h
te
d
in
[
1
3
]
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t
s
tab
il
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y
o
f
an
SMI
B
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
SS
SC
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
1
4
]
.
B
if
u
r
ca
t
io
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
SS
R
w
i
th
SS
S
C
–
E
S
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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mu
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a
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b
y
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co
r
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erg
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H.
V
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Gu
r
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r
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R
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ST
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C
OM
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is
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is
cu
s
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in
[
1
5
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[
1
6
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.
R
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b
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SC
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s
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3
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4
p
r
esen
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d
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al
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ig
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ted
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.
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SYST
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M
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u
r
e
1
s
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et
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ies
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OR
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g
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t
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u
r
e
1
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y
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ies co
m
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ated
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y
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te
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2
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1
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ua
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=
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h
er
e
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m
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s
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6
f
o
r
a
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p
u
ls
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ter
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e
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u
r
n
s
r
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e
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d
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=
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r
b
etter
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al
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s
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n
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ad
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m
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ts
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S
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n
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s
ed
,
d
escr
ib
ed
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y
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=
+
(
5
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=
−
(
6
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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t
s
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ld
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ies
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E
S
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r
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ti
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d
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n
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icate
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p
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ly
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g
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ilar
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ativ
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al
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e
o
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R
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d
icate
s
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p
ac
itiv
e
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o
d
e
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d
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o
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itiv
e
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R
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m
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lies
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n
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u
ct
iv
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o
d
e
o
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o
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atio
n
o
f
S
SS
C
–
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S.
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
7
)
an
d
(
8
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
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γ
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an
d
‘
β
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.
γ
=
tan
-
1
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(
)
(
)
)
(
7
)
β =
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o
s
-
1
(
√
(
)
2
+
(
)
2
∗
∗
)
(
8
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q
u
atio
n
s
(
9
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to
(
1
5
)
ar
e
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
i
n
g
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ti
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s
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th
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te
m
s
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n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
L
i
n
e
cu
r
r
en
t I
=
√
2
+
2
(
9
)
=
[
−
−
+
−
−
]
(
1
0
)
=
[
−
−
−
−
−
]
(
11)
Vo
ltag
e
at
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
b
u
s
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d
th
e
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er
g
en
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ated
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h
e
g
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ato
r
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e
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y
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2
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d
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3
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=
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2
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1
2
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=
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3
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q
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atio
n
s
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1
4
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d
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5
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r
ep
r
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en
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r
es
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io
n
s
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o
r
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R
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ac
t
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p
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er
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m
p
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n
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n
t o
f
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S
C
–
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S r
esp
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y
.
−
(
∗
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=
∗
−
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(
1
4
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=
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(
1
5
)
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l s
t
ra
t
eg
y
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n
ca
s
e
o
f
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S
C
-
E
S,
t
y
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e
1
co
n
tr
o
l
is
g
e
n
er
all
y
u
s
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
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n
tr
o
l
b
o
th
th
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
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d
p
h
ase
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n
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
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er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
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ea
l
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
,
V
P(ord)
an
d
V
R(
ord)
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
p
h
ase
an
g
l
e
‘
γ
’
a
n
d
d
ea
d
an
g
l
e
‘
β
’
u
s
in
g
E
q
u
at
io
n
s
(
7
)
an
d
(
8
)
.
Var
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
ies
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
e:
a.
R
ea
l p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
e
m
u
lat
ed
r
esis
tan
ce
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t r
ea
l v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
b.
E
m
u
lated
r
ea
ctan
ce
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
Fig
u
r
e
2
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
u
s
ed
.
E
ig
en
v
al
u
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
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s
d
o
n
e
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
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S
C
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E
S.
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
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alu
e
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
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ased
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n
r
o
o
t lo
cu
s
d
esi
g
n
an
d
tr
an
s
ien
t a
n
al
y
s
is
[
1
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
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8
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mu
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ted
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a
n
d
r
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t
a
n
ce
b
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S
S
S
C
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r
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g
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y
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e
d
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V
.
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r
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r
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p
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s)
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p
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ref
P
m
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a
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
f
o
r
SS
S
C
-
ES
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
S
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
is
m
o
d
eled
i
n
Ma
tlab
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
.
Ne
w
to
n
R
ap
h
s
o
n
iter
ati
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Gen
er
ato
r
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
(
P
g
)
is
tak
en
as
0
.
9
p
u
.
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
SS
S
C
-
E
S
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t b
y
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
at
0
.
7
p
u
.
3
.
1
.
O
pera
t
ing
r
a
ng
e
o
f
SS
SC
-
ES
A
1
5
0
MV
A
S
SS
C
–
E
S
i
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
t
w
o
r
k
.
W
it
h
a
b
ase
MV
A
o
f
8
9
2
.
4
MV
A
an
d
w
it
h
a
lin
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
1
p
u
,
SS
SC
ca
n
in
j
ec
t
a
v
o
lta
g
e
(
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e)
o
f
0
.
1
6
8
0
9
p
u
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
r
ea
ctan
c
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
o
f
4
5
%
f
r
o
m
p
ass
i
v
e
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
a
n
et
r
ea
ctan
ce
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
0
%
to
6
0
%,
SS
S
C
r
ea
cta
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
b
et
w
ee
n
-
0
.
1
5
p
u
(
ca
p
ac
itiv
e)
an
d
0
.
1
5
p
u
(
in
d
u
cti
v
e)
.
R
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
es
w
er
e
d
e
ter
m
i
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
ex
c
h
an
g
e
b
y
SS
S
C
–
E
S
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
b
tain
ed
,
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
b
y
SS
SC
-
E
S
i
s
li
m
ited
b
et
w
ee
n
-
0
.
0
8
p
u
an
d
0
.
0
8
p
u
w
h
e
n
X
s
s
s
c
v
al
u
e
i
s
±
0
.
1
5
p
u
.
W
h
er
ea
s
w
it
h
S
SS
C
in
j
ec
tin
g
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
e
a
lo
n
e
(
Xss
s
c
=
0
)
,
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
ca
n
b
e
u
p
to
0
.
1
5
p
u
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
p
uta
t
io
n o
f
i
m
pe
da
nce
E
q
u
atio
n
s
1
6
to
1
8
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
alu
es
a
n
al
y
ticall
y
a
n
d
ar
e
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
,
=
+
=
(
1
6
)
W
h
er
e,
=
=
(
1
7
)
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
in
f
i
n
ite
b
u
s
,
=
+
−
+
+
(
1
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
8
4
0
-
8
5
0
844
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
I
nje
ct
ed
v
o
lt
a
g
e
W
ith
o
u
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ic
e
at
t
h
e
D
C
b
u
s
,
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
SS
SC
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
li
n
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
il
l
b
e
clo
s
e
to
±
9
0
°.
W
h
e
n
an
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
is
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
DC
b
u
s
,
a
n
g
le
o
f
i
n
j
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ted
v
o
ltag
e
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n
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e
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n
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y
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le
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et
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ee
n
0
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d
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6
0
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o
r
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0
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d
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0
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ltag
e
in
j
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ted
b
y
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S
C
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S
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
q
u
ad
r
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ts
o
f
o
p
er
ati
o
n
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
t o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
in
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
4
.
1
.
1
.
Rea
ct
iv
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
i
nje
c
t
io
n
W
h
en
S
SS
C
–
E
S i
n
j
ec
ts
o
n
l
y
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
(
R
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e)
,
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
w
ith
t
h
e
li
n
e
cu
r
r
en
t (
lag
g
i
n
g
b
y
9
0
° in
ca
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
lead
i
n
g
b
y
9
0
° i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
in
d
u
c
tiv
e
m
o
d
e.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
clea
r
ly
v
alid
ate
th
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ap
ac
itiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
,
γ
=
-
90
°
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
cta
n
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
,
γ
=
9
0
°
4
.
1
.
2
.
Rea
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
inje
ct
io
n
W
h
en
S
SS
C
–
E
S
ex
c
h
an
g
es
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
alo
n
e
(
in
j
ec
ts
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
e)
,
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
n
p
h
ase
w
it
h
cu
r
r
en
t
w
h
ile
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
an
d
an
ti
-
p
h
a
s
e
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
th
e
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
d
er
th
es
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
SS
SC
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
R
ea
l p
o
w
er
,
γ
=
0
°
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
SS
SC
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
,
γ
=
1
8
0
°
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
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0
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8
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8708
E
mu
la
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r
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n
ce
a
n
d
r
esis
t
a
n
ce
b
y
a
S
S
S
C
in
co
r
p
o
r
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tin
g
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g
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d
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(
H.
V
.
Gu
r
u
r
a
ja
R
a
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845
4
.
1
.
3
.
Si
m
u
lt
a
neo
us
re
a
l a
nd
re
a
ct
iv
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
inje
ct
i
o
n
W
h
en
SS
S
C
–
E
S
in
j
ec
ts
b
o
t
h
r
ea
l
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
a
n
g
le
o
f
SS
SC
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
i.e
.
q
u
ad
r
an
t
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
,
o
p
er
atio
n
w
il
l
b
e
in
4
th
q
u
ad
r
an
t
w
h
e
n
SS
SC
is
in
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
i
s
d
r
a
w
i
n
g
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
(
V
P
i
s
p
o
s
iti
v
e
a
n
d
V
R
is
n
e
g
ati
v
e)
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
w
it
h
SS
S
C
in
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
i
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
r
e
al
p
o
w
er
,
o
p
er
atio
n
w
ill
b
e
i
n
3
rd
q
u
ad
r
an
t
(
V
P
i
s
n
eg
at
iv
e
a
n
d
V
R
is
n
eg
ati
v
e)
a
s
ev
id
en
t f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Op
er
atio
n
in
f
o
u
r
th
q
u
ad
r
an
t,
Ga
m
m
a
=
-
5
6
.
7
2
°
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
Op
er
atio
n
in
th
ir
d
q
u
ad
r
an
t,
Ga
m
m
a
=
-
1
1
9
.
8
°
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h
en
SS
S
C
i
s
i
n
i
n
d
u
c
tiv
e
m
o
d
e,
o
p
er
atio
n
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
f
i
r
s
t
(
SS
SC
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
)
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
(
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SC
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
)
q
u
ad
r
an
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
t o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Op
er
atio
n
in
f
ir
s
t q
u
ad
r
an
t,
Ga
m
m
a
=
5
8
.
9
8
°
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Op
er
atio
n
in
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
ad
r
an
t,
Ga
m
m
a
=
1
1
6
.
2
°
4
.
2
.
E
m
ula
t
ed
i
m
p
eda
nce
b
y
SS
SC
–
ES
Dis
ta
n
ce
p
r
o
tectio
n
i
s
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
o
r
lo
n
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
es.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ela
y
.
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m
p
ed
an
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
S
C
–
E
S
w
i
ll
ch
an
g
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
y
th
e
r
ela
y
a
n
d
h
en
ce
t
h
e
r
ela
y
m
a
y
m
al
o
p
er
ate.
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h
en
SS
SC
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E
S
i
s
in
j
ec
tin
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
alo
n
e,
it
w
ill
e
m
u
late
a
n
d
ch
an
g
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
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:
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4
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5
0
846
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
w
h
ile
in
j
ec
tin
g
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
e
alo
n
e,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
e
m
u
la
te
an
d
ch
an
g
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
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w
h
e
n
SS
SC
–
E
S
ex
ch
a
n
g
es
b
o
th
r
ea
l
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
it
w
ill
e
m
u
late
a
n
d
ch
an
g
e
b
o
th
r
ea
l
an
d
i
m
a
g
in
ar
y
p
ar
t
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
.
T
a
b
le
1
g
iv
es
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
Fro
m
tab
le
1
it
is
clea
r
th
at
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
–
E
S
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
Op
er
atin
g
co
n
d
it
io
n
i.e
.
q
u
ad
r
an
t
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
in
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
SS
S
C
e
m
u
l
ates
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
ea
cta
n
ce
a
n
d
h
en
ce
n
et
r
ea
cta
n
ce
r
ed
u
ce
s
,
w
h
ile
n
et
r
ea
ctan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
ct
iv
e
m
o
d
e
d
u
e
to
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
e
m
u
latio
n
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
n
et
r
esis
ta
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
e
m
u
latio
n
w
h
e
n
SS
SC
ab
s
o
r
b
s
p
o
w
er
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
h
en
SS
SC
s
u
p
p
lie
s
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
esis
t
an
ce
e
m
u
latio
n
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
alu
es
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
an
al
y
ticall
y
u
s
i
n
g
E
q
u
a
tio
n
s
1
6
to
1
8
.
S
y
s
te
m
d
ata
f
o
r
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
ar
e
Z
L
=
0
.
0
4
+
j
1
;
X
S
Y
S
=
j
0
.
0
6
,
XC
=
-
j
0
.
4
5
,
Xt
=
j
0
.
1
4
;
all
v
al
u
es
i
n
p
u
.
Fo
r
a
g
i
v
en
o
p
er
ati
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
,
Vp
,
VR
a
n
d
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
,
it
ca
n
also
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
al
u
es
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
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g
h
s
i
m
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m
atc
h
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
al
u
es
o
b
tain
ed
an
al
y
t
icall
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Stead
y
State
I
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
Var
io
u
s
Op
er
ati
n
g
C
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
SS
S
C
-
ES
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
Z
G
IB
(
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
)
Z
G
IB
(
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
)
Z
SSSC
N
o
S
S
S
C
0
.
0
4
+
j
0
.
7
5
0
.
0
3
9
9
+
j
0
.
7
5
0
+
j
0
X
sssc
=
-
0
.
1
5
,
P
r
e
f
=
0
0
.
0
4
+
j
0
.
6
0
.
0
3
9
9
+
j
0
.
6
0
-
j
0
.
1
5
X
sssc
=
-
0
.
1
5
,
P
r
e
f
=
0
.
0
8
0
.
1
3
8
4
+
j
0
.
6
0
.
1
3
8
4
7
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6
0
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4
7
5
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0
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1
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1
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5
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6
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0
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5
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0
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5
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e
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0
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9
0
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9
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0
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1
5
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1
5
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f
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0
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0
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1
3
+
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0
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9
0
.
1
3
0
2
+
j
0
.
9
0
.
0
9
0
2
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Valu
es
in
T
ab
le
1
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
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n
w
i
th
co
n
s
ta
n
t
P
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
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an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
r
ea
cti
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
t
r
o
l.
Ho
w
e
v
er
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
l
ts
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
y
f
o
r
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
S
SS
C
–
E
S
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
f
o
r
a
g
i
v
en
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
it
io
n
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
s
y
s
te
m
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
,
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
e
m
u
la
ted
b
y
SS
S
C
–
E
S
is
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
l
t
f
o
r
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
it
io
n
(
Xss
s
c
=
-
0
.
1
5
,
P
r
ef
=
0
.
0
8
,
o
p
e
r
atio
n
in
f
o
u
r
t
h
q
u
ad
r
an
t)
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Stead
y
State
I
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
w
it
h
Var
io
u
s
C
o
n
tr
o
l Str
ateg
ies o
f
SS
S
C
-
ES
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
Z
SSSC
(
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
)
Z
SSSC
(
m
e
a
su
r
e
d
)
X
sssc
=
-
0
.
1
5
,
P
r
e
f
=
0
.
0
8
C
o
n
st
a
n
t
P
,
V
r
0
.
0
9
8
4
7
-
j
0
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1
5
0
.
0
9
8
4
7
4
-
j
0
.
1
5
X
sssc
=
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0
.
1
5
,
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r
e
f
=
0
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0
8
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o
n
st
a
n
t
P
,
X
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0
.
0
9
8
4
7
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j
0
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1
5
0
.
0
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8
4
7
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0
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o
n
st
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n
t
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p
,
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r
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0
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8
4
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0
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5
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0
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8
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7
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sc
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f
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o
n
st
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n
t
R
sssc
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r
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0
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0
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0
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1
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0
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0
9
8
4
7
4
-
j
0
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1
5
4
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
c
o
ntr
o
l st
ra
t
e
g
y
o
n e
m
ula
t
ed
i
m
p
eda
nce,
d
uring
s
y
s
t
e
m
di
s
t
urba
nce
Du
r
in
g
a
n
y
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
li
n
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
ch
a
n
g
e.
He
n
ce
e
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
y
SS
SC
–
E
S
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
i
th
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
SS
SC
,
d
u
r
i
n
g
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
,
a
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
i
n
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
to
r
q
u
e
i
n
p
u
t
to
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
T
m
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
m
i
s
c
h
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
9
p
u
to
1
.
1
p
u
at
1
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
f
o
r
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
0
.
1
s
ec
.
Du
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
ec
h
an
ical
to
r
q
u
e
in
p
u
t,
th
er
e
w
i
ll
b
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
lin
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
.
R
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
,
r
ea
ctan
ce
an
d
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
S
C
–
E
S
d
u
r
in
g
s
u
c
h
a
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
,
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
4
.
3
.
1
.
E
m
ula
t
ed
re
a
ct
a
nce
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
a
r
ea
ctan
ce
r
ela
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
r
ea
cta
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
r
ela
y
.
R
ea
ctan
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ain
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
in
j
ec
ted
b
y
S
SS
C
a
n
d
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
Fo
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
SS
S
C
–
E
S
r
ea
cta
n
ce
e
m
u
la
ted
b
y
SS
S
C
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
ies.
C
a
s
e
1
:
Op
era
tio
n
in
fo
u
r
th
q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t;
c
a
p
a
citive
mo
d
e,
n
o
r
ea
l p
o
w
er.
C
a
s
e
2
:
Op
era
tio
n
in
fir
s
t q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t;
I
n
d
u
ctive
mo
d
e
,
n
o
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
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8
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mu
la
ted
r
ea
cta
n
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a
n
d
r
esis
t
a
n
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b
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S
S
S
C
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co
r
p
o
r
a
tin
g
en
erg
y
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to
r
a
g
e
d
ev
ice
(
H.
V
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Gu
r
u
r
a
ja
R
a
o
)
847
P
lo
ts
o
f
r
ea
ctan
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
SC
–
E
S
u
n
d
er
t
h
ese
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
an
d
1
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
t
h
a
t
SS
S
C
–
E
S
e
m
u
late
s
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
in
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
it
e
m
u
late
s
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
i
n
in
d
u
cti
v
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
12.
I
t
is
al
s
o
v
er
y
clea
r
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
a
n
d
1
2
th
at
r
ea
ctan
c
e
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
SC
r
e
m
ai
n
s
al
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
b
ef
o
r
e,
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
f
ter
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t X
s
s
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
is
h
o
w
ev
e
r
w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
S
SS
C
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
(
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t)
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
co
n
s
tan
t
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
an
d
1
2
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
e
m
u
lated
r
ea
ctan
ce
b
y
SS
SC
–
E
S
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
E
m
u
lated
r
ea
ctan
ce
b
y
S
SS
C
,
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
E
m
u
lated
r
ea
ctan
ce
b
y
S
SS
C
,
in
d
u
c
tiv
e
m
o
d
e
4
.
3
.
2
.
E
m
ula
t
ed
r
esis
t
a
nce
R
esi
s
tan
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
e
in
j
ec
ted
b
y
SS
SC
an
d
li
n
e
cu
r
r
en
t
.
Fo
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
w
a
s
co
m
p
u
ted
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
ie
s
.
C
a
s
e
3
:
Op
era
tio
n
in
fir
s
t q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t;
N
o
r
ea
ctive
p
o
w
er e
xc
h
a
n
g
e,
a
b
s
o
r
b
in
g
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
C
a
s
e
4
:
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era
tio
n
in
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
a
d
r
a
n
t;
N
o
r
ea
ctive
p
o
w
er,
s
u
p
p
lyin
g
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
E
m
u
l
ated
r
esis
a
n
ce
b
y
S
SS
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
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&
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p
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u
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4
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o
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e
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er
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ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
3
t
h
at
s
i
n
ce
SS
SC
–
E
S
i
s
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
it
e
m
u
lates
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
.
Als
o
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
SC
r
e
m
ai
n
s
a
l
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
tan
t,
b
ef
o
r
e,
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
f
ter
t
h
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
w
it
h
co
n
s
tan
t
R
s
s
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
is
h
o
w
ev
er
ca
ll
s
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
SS
SC
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
c
e
(
Sin
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
)
.
I
t
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esis
tan
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
S
C
–
E
S
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
P
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
Vp
,
d
u
e
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Var
iatio
n
i
s
m
o
r
e
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t P
co
n
tr
o
l sin
ce
Vp
w
ill d
ec
r
ea
s
e
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
c
u
r
r
en
t,
to
m
ai
n
t
ain
‘
P
’
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
I
t
is
v
er
y
clea
r
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
th
at
s
in
ce
SS
SC
–
E
S
is
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
it
e
m
u
late
s
n
eg
a
tiv
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
I
t
i
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
e
m
u
lated
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
r
e
m
ai
n
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
a
f
t
er
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
R
SSSC
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
er
ea
s
w
i
th
co
n
s
ta
n
t
r
ea
l
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
e
m
u
lated
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
d
u
e
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
c
u
r
r
en
t.
4
.
3
.
3
.
E
m
ula
t
ed
i
m
pe
da
nce
Var
iatio
n
i
n
e
m
u
lated
r
e
s
is
t
an
ce
a
n
d
r
ea
cta
n
ce
v
alu
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
d
i
s
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
w
i
th
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies
an
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
SS
S
C
–
E
S
w
er
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
s
ep
ar
a
tel
y
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
a
n
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
r
ela
y
o
r
a
m
h
o
r
el
a
y
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ela
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
o
n
e
m
u
la
ted
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
Ca
s
e
5
: Cap
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
(
Xs
s
s
c
=
-
0
.
1
5
,
Pre
f
=
0
.
0
8
)
i
.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t V
p
,
Vr
co
n
tr
o
l
ii.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
R
s
s
s
c,
Xs
s
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l.
Ca
s
e
6
: I
n
d
u
cti
v
e
m
o
d
e
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
(
Xss
s
c
=
0
.
1
5
,
P
r
e
f
=
0
.
0
8
)
i.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t V
p
,
Vr
co
n
tr
o
l
ii
.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
R
s
s
s
c,
Xs
s
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l.
P
lo
t o
f
e
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
I
t is
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
n
o
te
t
h
at
w
i
th
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
R
s
s
s
c
a
n
d
co
n
s
tan
t
X
s
s
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l,
v
ar
iat
io
n
i
n
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
e
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
y
SS
SC
–
E
S
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
af
ter
d
i
s
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
is
n
eg
lig
ib
le.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t
i
n
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
er
e
is
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t c
h
an
g
e
i
n
e
m
u
la
ted
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
y
SS
C
–
E
S.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
mu
la
ted
r
ea
cta
n
ce
a
n
d
r
esis
t
a
n
ce
b
y
a
S
S
S
C
in
co
r
p
o
r
a
tin
g
en
erg
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
ev
ice
(
H.
V
.
Gu
r
u
r
a
ja
R
a
o
)
849
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
E
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
y
S
SS
C
,
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
E
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
y
S
SS
C
,
in
d
u
c
tiv
e
m
o
d
e
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
p
o
w
er
4
.
4
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
in
f
er
en
ce
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
4
q
u
ad
r
an
t o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
SS
S
C
ar
e
a.
W
h
en
S
SS
C
i
n
j
ec
ts
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
alo
n
e,
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
w
il
l b
e
+/
-
9
0
°
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t to
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
b.
W
h
en
SS
SC
i
n
j
ec
ts
b
o
th
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
v
o
ltag
e,
it
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
in
all
th
e
f
o
u
r
q
u
ad
r
an
ts
a
n
d
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
ll b
e
b
et
w
ee
n
+
1
8
0
° an
d
-
1
8
0
°
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t to
li
n
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
c.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
S
SS
C
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
d.
I
n
s
tead
y
s
tate,
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
SC
f
o
r
a
g
i
v
e
n
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
is
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
SS
S
C
–
E
S.
e.
Du
r
in
g
a
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
,
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
SS
SC
–
E
S
w
ill
h
a
v
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
a
n
d
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
e
m
u
la
ted
b
y
SS
S
C
.
f.
C
o
n
s
tan
t
R
s
s
s
c
an
d
Xss
s
c
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
w
ill
m
ain
tain
t
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
e
m
u
lated
b
y
SS
S
C
al
m
o
s
t c
o
n
s
ta
n
t d
u
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
af
t
er
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
.
g.
E
m
u
lated
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
SS
SC
–
E
S
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
l
y
c
h
an
g
es
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
,
f
o
r
co
n
s
ta
n
t
in
j
ec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l stra
te
g
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t r
ea
l p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.