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[
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[
2
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ield
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ased
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h
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o
p
tim
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ti
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iz
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[
2
1
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d
d
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t
ex
tr
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t
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et
h
o
d
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
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Fo
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G
A
l
GaN
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,
th
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h
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ac
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tr
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as
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r
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h
i
g
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r
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y
[
2
4
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x
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al
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ig
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2.
DE
VI
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1
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Fig
u
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1
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a)
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b
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o
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all
th
e
s
h
u
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d
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er
ies
p
ar
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ic
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m
en
ts
.
Ag
ai
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ter
d
e
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e
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ed
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h
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ar
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ic
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n
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n
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ar
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ar
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f
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ic
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eter
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ri
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ic
P
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ly
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o
m
i
m
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p
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m
eter
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n
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er
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ch
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o
f
f
co
n
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itio
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off
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r
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led
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2
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a)
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o
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E
q
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at
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s
ca
n
ap
p
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m
e
ter
s
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n
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er
p
in
ch
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f
f
co
n
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:
11
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p
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g
s
p
g
d
p
g
d
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d
Y
j
C
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(
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1
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m
I
m
(
)
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j
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C
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(
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22
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d
s
p
p
d
d
s
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p
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d
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p
g
d
Y
j
C
C
C
C
C
C
(
3
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I
n
Fi
g
u
r
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2
(
b
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i
m
ag
in
ar
y
Y
-
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ar
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m
eter
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r
v
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w
it
h
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n
f
r
eq
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c
y
r
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f
5
GHz
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s
h
o
w
n
.
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t
is
clea
r
th
at
Y
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p
ar
a
m
eter
s
h
a
v
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s
u
f
f
ic
ien
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li
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ea
r
it
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w
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
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(
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elo
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5
GHz
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.
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h
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ar
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ca
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s
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t
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t
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ar
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A
s
s
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m
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[
2
7
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12
d
s
p
p
d
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(
4
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Du
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y
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m
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1
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5
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h
e
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s
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ip
o
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n
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e
ex
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1
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s
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Sin
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ize
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es c
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al
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p
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p
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s
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n
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m
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s
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ad
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er
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as
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d
p
g
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i
CC
(
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g
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u
at
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s
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m
eter
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ar
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1
c
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g
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f
s
f
R
KT
Z
R
R
j
L
L
r
q
I
j
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C
(
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2
2
1
1
c
ss
sf
R
Z
Z
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C
(
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22
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s
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f
s
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L
L
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j
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(
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Fig
u
r
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2
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(
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ed
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e
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t c
ir
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er
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w
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ld
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n
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m
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ig
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(
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(
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(
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CC
(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
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I
SS
N:
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0
8
8
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TC
A
D
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I
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P
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ly
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p
ar
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d
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llo
w
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m
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s
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(
17
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2
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n
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g
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(
18
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m
C
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e
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I
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0
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3.
RE
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u
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l
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to
o
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ased
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ig
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r
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5
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a)
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n
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f
s
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u
lated
[
1
3
]
an
d
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
[
3
0
]
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
o
l
tag
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
g
ate
-
to
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
(
V
gs
)
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
[
3
0
]
in
p
u
t
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
D
MG
A
lGaN/
Ga
N
HFET
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
g
r
ap
h
th
a
t
g
ate
h
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
n
d
r
ain
cu
r
r
en
t in
DE
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
al
y
s
is
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
S
m
it
h
p
lo
ts
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
m
o
d
el
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
[
2
9
]
.
Sm
it
h
p
lo
ts
an
al
y
s
i
s
r
ev
ea
l
s
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ev
ice
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
ith
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
A
t
th
e
lo
w
es
t
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
r
ef
lect
io
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
,
i.e
.
S
11
=+1
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
o
p
en
cir
cu
it.
W
ith
th
e
r
is
e
in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
th
e
in
p
u
t
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
ic
ie
n
t
m
o
v
es
to
w
ar
d
s
clo
ck
w
is
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
t
h
e
cir
cle
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
to
t
h
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
at
S
11
=0
.
Si
n
ce
,
at
t
h
e
m
atc
h
in
g
p
o
in
t
n
o
r
ef
lectio
n
s
w
o
u
ld
o
cc
u
r
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
an
d
th
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
d
ev
ice
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e.
Si
m
ilar
i
l
y
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
S2
2
m
o
v
es
f
r
o
m
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
e
f
lectio
n
to
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
r
ef
lectio
n
to
w
ar
d
s
m
atch
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
in
th
e
cir
cle
o
f
ca
p
ac
i
tan
ce
s
.
Gr
ap
h
s
also
d
ep
icts
th
at
w
it
h
r
is
e
i
n
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
b
o
t
h
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
(
S
21
)
an
d
(
S
12
)
m
o
v
e
to
w
ar
d
s
clo
ck
w
is
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
t
h
e
cir
cle
o
f
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
as
s
u
r
i
n
g
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
d
ev
ice
at
m
i
cr
o
w
av
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
Ou
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
I
d
-
V
ds
)
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
s
i
m
u
lated
(
d
ash
ed
lin
e
s
w
it
h
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
)
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
(
s
o
lid
lin
e
s
s
y
m
b
o
ls
)
(
b
)
T
r
an
s
f
er
(
I
d
-
V
gs
)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
c
u
r
v
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
TC
A
D
S
imu
la
tio
n
s
a
n
d
S
ma
ll
S
ig
n
a
l Mo
d
elin
g
o
f D
MG A
lGa
N
/Ga
N
HF
E
T
(
R
a
h
is
K
u
ma
r
Ya
d
a
v
)
1847
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
m
e
asu
r
ed
g
ai
n
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
ar
e
p
lo
tted
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
at
a
g
ate
b
ias
o
f
V
gs
=
-
1
V
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
On
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
w
i
th
i
n
clo
s
e
co
n
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
t
h
u
s
v
alid
ati
n
g
d
ev
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e.
Gr
a
p
h
clea
r
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
g
ain
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
w
it
h
th
e
r
is
e
i
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
f
t
)
o
cc
u
r
s
at
6
8
GHz
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
s
cilla
tio
n
(f
m
ax
)
o
cc
u
r
s
at
1
7
8
GHz
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
,
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
s
i.e
.
C
gd
,
C
gs
,
C
gg
an
d
C
ds
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
is
e
i
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
I
t
clea
l
y
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
al
u
es
r
e
m
ai
n
al
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t
u
p
to
2
0
0
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
t
h
at
is
co
v
er
in
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
s
cillatio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
d
ev
ice.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
cu
t
o
f
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
it
h
V
gs
at
th
e
V
ds
=
2
4
V.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
w
it
h
V
gs
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
[
3
0
]
v
ali
d
ate
d
ev
ice
s
u
itab
ili
t
y
f
o
r
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
(
S1
1
,
S1
2
,
S2
1
an
d
S2
2
)
p
lo
t
o
n
s
m
i
th
ch
ar
t,
s
i
m
u
lated
(
d
ash
ed
b
l
u
e
lin
e
s
)
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
(
s
o
lid
r
ed
lin
es)
at
b
ias V
ds
=
24
V
an
d
V
gs
=
-
1V
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
s
ta
rt
=1
GHz
an
d
f
stop
=2
0
0
GHz
(
b
)
G
ain
s
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
lo
t f
o
r
V
ds
=2
4
V
an
d
V
gs
=
-
1V
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
C
ap
ac
itan
ce
s
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
lo
t
m
o
d
el
(
d
ash
ed
lin
es
w
it
h
cir
cles)
s
i
m
u
latio
n
(
s
o
lid
lin
e
s
w
it
h
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
)
at
V
ds
=5
V
an
d
V
gs
=
-
1V
(
b
)
C
u
to
f
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
e
r
s
u
s
V
gs
p
lo
t,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
(
s
o
lid
lin
e
w
it
h
d
ia
m
o
n
d
s
)
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
(
d
ash
ed
lin
e
w
ith
cir
cle
s
)
at
V
ds
=5
V
Fig
u
r
e
8
T
r
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
g
m
)
v
er
s
u
s
g
ate
to
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
gs
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
3
9
–
1
8
4
9
1848
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fin
all
y
i
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
s
m
all
s
i
g
n
al
m
o
d
el
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
d
u
al
m
ater
ial
g
ate
Al
0.
3
Ga
0.
7
N
/GaN
HFET
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ict
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ev
ice
s
u
i
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
L
N
A
th
at
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
in
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
De
v
ice
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
i
s
s
i
m
u
lated
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
tr
an
s
f
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
a
n
d
m
icr
o
w
av
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
o
f
m
er
its
.
S
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
to
an
al
y
ze
d
ev
ice
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
d
c
b
iasi
n
g
.
W
e
o
b
tain
ed
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
s
cillatio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
m
ax
)
o
f
1
7
8
GHz
an
d
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
f
t
)
o
f
6
8
GHz
as
en
h
a
n
ce
d
d
ev
ice
f
ea
t
u
r
es
.
I
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
i
g
u
r
e
o
f
m
er
its
an
a
l
y
s
ed
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
t
h
e
ar
t
icle
i
n
cl
u
d
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
ain
|
H
21
|,
tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
p
o
w
er
g
ai
n
(
G
TP
)
,
u
n
ilater
al
tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
p
o
w
er
g
ain
(
G
UTP
)
,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
tab
le
g
ain
(
G
MS
),
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
v
ailab
le
g
ain
(
G
M
A
X
)
,
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
c
e
(
g
m
)
,
d
r
ain
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
g
d
s
),
s
ter
n
s
tab
ilit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
k
)
,
a
v
ailab
le
p
o
w
er
g
ain
(G
AP
)
a
n
d
ti
m
e
d
ela
y
(
τ
)
to
ass
es
s
m
icr
o
w
av
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ev
ice
.
E
x
tr
a
cted
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
v
alid
ated
f
o
r
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
w
it
h
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
in
clo
s
e
co
n
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
R.
L
e
n
k
a
,
A
.
K.
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
A
lG
a
N/
G
a
N
-
b
a
se
d
HEM
T
o
n
S
iC
S
u
b
stra
te
f
o
r
M
icro
w
a
v
e
C
h
a
ra
c
teristics
u
si
n
g
d
if
fe
re
n
t
P
a
ss
iv
a
ti
o
n
L
a
y
e
rs
”
,
Pra
ma
n
a
.
2
0
1
2
;
7
9
:
1
5
1
-
1
6
3
.
[2
]
R.
K
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
P
.
P
a
t
h
a
k
,
R.
M
.
M
e
h
ra
,
“
IV
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
a
n
d
T
ra
n
sc
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
f
o
r
Du
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
A
l
g
a
n
/Ga
n
M
o
d
f
e
ts
”
,
IJRET
.
2
0
1
5
;
4:
4
3
0
-
4
3
6
.
[3
]
O.
Ue
d
a
,
S
.
J.
P
e
a
rt
o
n
,
“
M
a
teria
ls
a
n
d
Re
li
a
b
i
li
ty
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
f
o
r
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
O
p
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s.
S
p
rin
g
e
r
-
V
e
rlag
”
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
J.
W
.
Ch
u
n
g
,
W
.
E.
Ho
k
e
,
E.
M
.
Ch
u
m
b
e
s,
T
.
P
a
lac
io
s,
“
A
lGa
N/Ga
N
HEM
T
W
it
h
3
0
0
-
G
Hz
”
,
IEE
E
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
2
0
1
0
M
a
r;
3
1
:
1
9
5
-
1
9
7
.
[5
]
H.
K.
Ju
n
g
,
“
P
ro
jec
ted
Ra
n
g
e
De
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
T
u
n
n
e
li
n
g
Cu
r
re
n
t
o
f
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
Do
u
b
le
G
a
te
M
OSF
ET
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
6
;
6
:1
1
3
.
[6
]
M
.
A
.
Ri
y
a
d
i,
I.
D.
S
u
k
a
w
a
ti
,
T
.
P
ra
k
o
so
,
D.
Da
rjat,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
Ga
te
M
a
teria
l
a
n
d
P
r
o
c
e
ss
o
n
Ju
n
c
ti
o
n
les
s
F
E
T
S
u
b
t
h
re
sh
o
ld
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
”,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
6
;
6
:
8
9
5
.
[7
]
W
.
L
o
n
g
,
H.
Ou
,
J.
M
.
Ku
o
,
K.
K.
Ch
in
,
“
Du
a
l
-
M
a
teria
l
g
a
te
(DMG
)
F
ield
Ef
fe
c
t
T
r
a
n
sisto
r”
,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
1
9
9
9
M
a
y
;
4
6
:
8
6
5
-
87
0
.
[8
]
A
.
J
a
rn
d
a
l,
“
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
ts
Un
c
e
rta
in
ty
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
Relia
b
il
it
y
o
f
Ga
N
HEM
T
s”
,
in
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
G
.
L
.
Bil
b
ro
,
R.
J.
T
re
w
,
“
A
F
iv
e
-
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
A
l
Ga
N/Ga
N
HFE
T
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s A
p
r
2
0
1
5
;
6
2
:1
1
5
7
-
1
1
6
2
.
[1
0
]
A
.
v
a
n
_
d
e
r_
Zi
e
l,
J.
W
.
Ero
,
“
S
m
a
ll
-
S
ig
n
a
l
h
ig
h
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
T
h
e
o
ry
o
f
F
ield
-
Eff
e
c
t
T
r
a
n
sisto
rs”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
El
e
c
tro
n
De
v
ice
s
,
1
9
6
4
;
1
1
:
1
2
8
.
[1
1
]
S
.
A
ru
lk
u
m
a
ra
n
,
G
.
I.
Ng
,
S
.
V
ick
n
e
sh
,
H.
W
a
n
g
,
K.
S
.
A
n
g
,
J.
P
.
Y.
T
a
n
,
V
.
K.
L
in
,
S
.
T
o
d
d
,
G
.
Q.
L
o
,
S
.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
“
Dire
c
t
Cu
rre
n
t
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
C
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
s
Sb
-
m
icro
n
A
l
G
a
N/
G
a
N
h
ig
h
-
lec
tro
n
-
M
o
b
il
it
y
T
ra
n
sisto
rs
o
n
8
-
in
c
h
S
i
(1
1
1
)
S
su
b
stra
te”
,
J
a
p
a
n
e
se
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s
,
2
0
1
2
;
5
1
:
1
1
1
0
0
1
.
[1
2
]
O.
Ha
rti
n
,
B.
G
re
e
n
,
“
A
l
Ga
N/
G
a
N
HE
M
T
T
C
A
D
S
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
l
Ex
trac
ti
o
n
f
o
r
RF
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
i
n
2
0
1
0
IEE
E
Bip
o
lar/BiCM
O
S
Circu
it
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
M
e
e
ti
n
g
(BCT
M
),
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
S
il
v
a
c
o
T
C
A
D
d
e
v
ice
si
m
u
lato
r,
AT
LA
S
u
se
r
m
a
n
u
a
l,
De
c
b
u
il
d
v
e
r.
3
.
2
0
.
2
.
R,
S
il
v
a
c
o
I
n
c
.
4
7
0
1
,
P
a
tri
c
k
He
n
e
ry
Driv
e
,
Bld
g
.
1
,
S
a
n
ta C
lara
,
CA
9
5
0
5
4
.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
A
.
Z.
D.
Lan
d
a
,
J.
E.
Zu
n
ig
a
-
Ju
a
re
z
,
J.
A
.
Re
y
n
o
so
-
He
rn
a
n
d
e
z
,
M
.
C.
M
a
y
a
-
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
,
E.
L
.
P
in
e
r,
K
.
J.
L
in
th
icu
m
,
“
A
Ne
w
a
n
d
b
e
tt
e
r
M
e
th
o
d
fo
r
Extra
c
ti
n
g
th
e
P
a
ra
siti
c
El
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
On
-
W
a
fer
Ga
N
T
ra
n
sist
o
rs
”
,
in
P
ro
c
.
IEE
E/
M
T
T
-
S
In
t.
M
icro
w
a
v
e
S
y
m
p
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
5
]
R.
K
ö
p
rü
,
H.
Ku
n
tm
a
n
,
B.
S
.
Ya
r
m
a
n
,
“
On
Nu
m
e
rica
l
D
e
sig
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Am
p
li
f
iers
b
a
se
d
o
n
G
a
N S
m
a
ll
-
S
ig
n
a
l
De
v
i
c
e
M
o
d
e
l”,
A
n
a
l
o
g
In
te
g
ra
ted
C
irc
u
it
s a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
s
,
2
0
1
4
Oc
t;
8
1
:
7
1
.
[1
6
]
A
.
J
a
r
n
d
a
l,
R.
Ess
a
a
d
a
li
,
A
.
B.
Ko
u
k
i,
“
A
R
e
li
a
b
le
M
o
d
e
l
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
Ex
tr
a
c
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
A
p
p
li
e
d
to
A
l
G
a
N/
G
a
N
HEM
T
s”
,
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
De
sig
n
o
f
I
n
teg
ra
ted
C
irc
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
6
F
e
b
;
3
5
:
211
-
2
1
9
.
[1
7
]
A
.
Ja
rn
d
a
l,
“
Pa
r
a
siti
c
El
e
me
n
ts
E
x
tra
c
ti
o
n
o
f
Al
G
a
N/Ga
N
HE
M
T
s
o
n
S
iC
S
u
b
stra
te
u
sin
g
o
n
ly
p
in
c
h
-
o
ff
S
-
Pa
ra
me
ter
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
ts”
,
in
2
6
th
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
(ICM
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
G
.
Da
m
b
rin
e
,
A
.
Ca
p
p
y
,
F
.
He
li
o
d
o
re
,
E
.
P
lay
e
z
,
“
A
n
e
w
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
De
term
in
in
g
th
e
F
ET
S
m
a
ll
-
si
g
n
a
l
Eq
u
iv
a
len
t
Circu
it
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
,
1
9
8
8
;
3
6
:
1
1
5
1
.
[1
9
]
G
.
Cru
p
i,
A
.
Ra
ff
o
,
D.
M
,
M
.
P
.
S
c
h
re
u
rs,
G
.
A
v
o
li
o
,
V
.
V
a
d
a
là,
S
.
Di
F
a
lco
,
A
.
Ca
d
d
e
m
i,
G
.
V
a
n
n
in
i
,
“
A
c
c
u
ra
te
G
a
N
HEM
T
No
n
q
u
a
si
-
S
tatic
L
a
r
g
e
-
S
ig
n
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
In
c
lu
d
in
g
Disp
e
rsiv
e
E
ff
e
c
ts”
,
M
ic
ro
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
2
0
1
1
;5
3
:6
9
2
-
6
9
7
.
[2
0
]
Y.
Jia
,
Y.
Xu
,
Y.
W
u
,
R.
X
u
,
J.
Zh
o
u
,
T
.
Ch
e
n
,
B.
Zh
a
n
g
.
“
A
r
o
b
u
st
sm
a
ll
-
si
g
n
a
l
e
q
u
iva
len
t
c
ir
c
u
it
mo
d
e
l
f
o
r
Al
Ga
N/Ga
N
HEM
T
s
u
p
t
o
1
1
0
G
Hz
”
,
in
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
In
t
.
M
icro
w
a
v
e
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
S
e
ries
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
a
teria
ls
a
n
d
P
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s f
o
r
RF
a
n
d
T
Hz
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (IM
W
S
-
A
M
P
)
.
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
A
.
Ja
rn
d
a
l,
G
.
Ko
m
p
a
.
“
A
n
e
w
s
m
a
ll
-
sig
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
G
a
N
d
e
v
ice
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
M
icr
o
w
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
,
2
0
0
5
;
5
3
(1
1
):
3
4
4
0
-
8
.
[2
2
]
Y.
L
.
L
a
i,
K.
H.
Hs
u
.
“
A
n
e
w
p
in
c
h
o
f
f
c
o
ld
F
ET
m
e
th
o
d
to
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
p
a
ra
siti
c
c
a
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
o
f
F
E
T
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
c
ircu
it
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s M
icr
o
w
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
2
0
0
1
;
4
9
:
2
0
0
1
.
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