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Feb
r
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ar
y
201
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3
I
SS
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2088
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8708
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
7
:
3
3
7
–
343
338
2.
P
RE
L
I
M
I
NARIE
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2
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1
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1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
XOR 0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Fro
m
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
e
x
a
m
p
le,
4
th
an
d
8
th
b
it
p
o
s
itio
n
s
f
r
o
m
MS
B
ar
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
a
s
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
b
its
.
T
o
g
et
o
r
ig
in
al
p
ac
k
et
b
y
C
h
ak
r
ab
o
r
ty
,
th
e
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
b
it
s
ar
e
co
n
v
er
tin
g
r
ec
ei
v
ed
“
1
”
to
“
0
”
o
r
v
i
ce
v
er
s
a.
Ag
ai
n
,
let
o
r
ig
in
al
P
ac
k
et
as
“
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
”
A
t t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
1
st
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
: 1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
(
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
o
cc
u
r
s
at
2
nd
b
it p
o
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
MSB
)
2
nd
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
: 1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
(
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
o
cc
u
r
s
at
2
nd
b
it p
o
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
MSB
)
…………
………
………
……
…….
.
XORed
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
b
it
p
o
s
itio
n
w
h
e
n
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
o
cc
u
r
s
at
s
a
m
e
b
it
p
o
s
itio
n
.
So
,
it
is
f
ai
l
ed
to
co
r
r
ec
t e
r
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
.
2
.
2
.
Ag
g
re
s
s
iv
e
P
a
ck
et
Co
m
bi
nin
g
Sche
m
e
(
AP
C
)
A
P
C
i
s
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
Ma
j
o
r
ity
P
ac
k
et
C
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
i
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
E
x
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
A
P
C
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
h
er
e:
a.
“
0
0
1
1
1
”
is
ass
u
m
ed
as
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
ac
k
et
w
h
ic
h
is
s
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
er
.
I
t
is
also
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
ac
k
et
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
as
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
r
eq
u
est
f
o
r
d
u
p
licate
co
p
ies
f
r
o
m
s
e
n
d
er
.
L
et
all
t
h
e
co
p
ies
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
w
it
h
er
r
o
r
as:
1
st
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
:
0
0
0
1
1
,
2
nd
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
:
0
0
1
1
0
an
d
3
rd
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
:0
0
0
1
1
.
b.
00
0
1
1
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
af
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
b
it
b
y
b
it
m
aj
o
r
ity
lo
g
ic
o
n
th
r
ee
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies
.
c.
E
r
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ap
p
lied
at
r
ec
eiv
er
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
g
en
er
ated
co
p
y
is
o
r
ig
i
n
al
o
r
n
o
t.
I
f
it
is
n
o
t
ac
tu
al
p
ac
k
et,
leas
t
r
eliab
le
b
its
w
ill
b
e
ch
o
s
e
n
f
r
o
m
m
a
j
o
r
it
y
lo
g
ic.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
e
e
x
a
m
p
le
th
e
3
rd
an
d
5
th
b
it f
r
o
m
t
h
e
MSB
is
c
h
o
s
e
n
.
B
r
u
te
f
o
r
ce
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
as
i
n
P
C
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
th
e
3
rd
a
n
d
5
th
b
its
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
a
y
lead
to
g
et
ac
t
u
al
p
ac
k
et.
I
f
ac
t
u
al
p
ac
k
et
i
s
n
o
t
g
e
n
er
ated
in
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
en
it
w
i
ll d
is
ca
r
d
all
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
iesan
d
r
eq
u
est
s
f
o
r
d
u
p
licate
co
p
ies
.
2
.
3
.
E
rr
o
r
L
o
ca
t
io
n Alg
o
rit
h
m
-
P
O
R
-
SC
L
ia
n
g
et.
al
[
5
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
E
r
r
o
r
L
o
ca
tio
n
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
(
E
L
A
)
w
h
ich
i
s
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
Au
to
m
a
tic
R
ep
ea
t
R
eq
u
e
s
t
-
P
OR
-
SC
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
o
p
er
ates
as
f
o
llo
w
:
i
f
an
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
co
p
ies
is
co
r
r
ec
t,
th
en
it
is
ac
ce
p
ted
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
if
all
co
p
ies
ar
e
e
r
r
o
n
eo
u
s
th
e
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
co
r
r
ec
t
co
p
y
,
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
E
L
A
-
P
OR
-
S
C
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e,
th
r
ee
co
p
ies ar
e
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
to
r
ec
eiv
e
r
.
A
t
least
o
n
e
co
p
y
is
f
o
u
n
d
as
co
r
r
ec
t
th
en
p
r
o
ce
ed
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
p
ac
k
et
o
th
er
wis
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
E
L
A
-
P
OR
-
S
C
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
A
,
B
,
C
ar
e
th
e
t
h
r
ee
r
ec
eiv
ed
o
f
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
m
itter
o
v
er
t
h
r
ee
d
iv
er
s
it
y
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
,
t
h
en
:
AA
=(
A
x
o
r
ed
C
)
.
(
A
x
o
r
ed
B
)
B
B
=(
A
x
o
r
ed
B
)
.
(
B
x
o
r
ed
C)
C
C
=(
A
x
o
r
ed
C
)
.
(
B
x
o
r
ed
C
)
I
n
AA
,
B
B
,
an
d
C
C
,
ev
er
y
„
1
‟
in
d
icate
s
a
n
er
r
o
r
in
th
e
co
p
y
o
f
A
,
B
an
d
C
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
ac
k
et
ca
n
b
e
r
etr
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
S=
AA
x
o
r
ed
A
(
=B
B
x
o
r
ed
B
=
C
C
x
o
r
ed
C
)
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
ails
w
h
e
n
it
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
as
d
o
u
b
le,
tr
ip
le
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
ti
m
e,
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies ar
e
d
is
ca
r
d
e
d
an
d
r
eq
u
est f
o
r
n
e
x
t d
u
p
licat
e
co
p
ies b
y
s
e
n
d
in
g
N
A
K.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
PC
-
A
P
C
S
ch
eme
s
in
Mu
ltip
a
th
Dive
r
s
ity
S
ystem
to
Get
Hig
h
er Th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
S
a
n
jit N
in
g
th
o
u
ja
m
)
339
T
ab
le
1
.
E
x
am
p
le
s
o
f
E
L
A
-
P
OR
-
SC
.
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
P
a
c
k
e
t
a
t
S
e
n
d
e
r
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
(
Er
r
o
n
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u
s b
i
t
s
a
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
l
i
n
e
d
)
1
.
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
A
-
111
1
0
0
1
1
B
-
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
C
-
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
A
A
=
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
,
S
=
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
(
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
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2
.
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A
-
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
B
-
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
-
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
B
B
=
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,
S
=
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
(
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
)
3
.
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
A
-
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
B
-
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
C
-
1
0
1
0
0
010
C
C
=
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
,
S
=
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
(
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
)
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
P
RO
T
O
CO
L
S
3
.
1
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
P
ro
t
o
co
ls
o
f
P
C
Sche
m
e
I
n
t
h
is
n
e
w
P
C
s
c
h
e
m
e,
d
u
p
li
ca
te
co
p
ies
o
f
a
s
a
m
e
p
ac
k
e
t
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
at
h
s
(
b
r
an
c
h
es).
T
h
e
s
tep
w
is
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es a
r
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
b
elo
w
:
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t c
o
p
y
i
s
s
e
n
t o
r
ig
i
n
al
as “
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
”
in
f
ir
s
t
p
at
h
b
u
t e
r
r
o
n
eo
u
s
l
y
r
ec
ei
v
ed
as 1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
.
b.
As
in
P
C
s
ch
e
m
e,
d
u
p
licate
c
o
p
y
w
il
l
b
e
s
en
t
in
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ath
b
y
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
th
r
ee
b
it
s
f
r
o
m
L
SB
to
MSB
a
s
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
co
p
y
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
er
r
o
r
at
2
nd
b
it
p
o
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
MSB
as
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
g
et
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
b
it
s
e
q
u
en
ce
,
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
co
p
y
w
il
l
b
e
s
h
if
ted
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
M
SB
to
L
SB
b
y
t
h
r
ee
b
its
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
as 1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
.
c.
T
h
e
t
w
o
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
X
OR
o
p
er
atio
n
to
lo
ca
te
th
e
er
r
o
n
e
o
u
s
b
it
p
o
s
it
io
n
an
d
ap
p
l
y
b
r
u
te
f
o
r
ce
m
et
h
o
d
as
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
P
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
(
e
r
r
o
n
eo
u
s
b
its
ar
e
u
n
d
er
lin
ed
)
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
is
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w
:
Or
ig
i
n
al
p
ac
k
et
as
“
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
”
1
st
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
-
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
nd
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
y
-
111000
1
1
…………
………
………
……
…….
.
X
OR
ed
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
t
h
e
li
m
itat
io
n
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
P
C
as
r
ec
eiv
er
w
ill
b
e
d
etec
ted
s
a
m
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
in
t
w
o
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies.
3
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
pro
t
o
co
l o
f
AP
C
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
to
co
l,
tr
ip
licate
c
o
p
i
es
o
f
s
a
m
e
p
ac
k
et
ar
e
s
en
t
i
n
th
r
ee
p
ath
s
f
r
o
m
s
e
n
d
er
to
r
ec
e
iv
er
.
T
h
e
s
tep
w
is
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es a
r
e
illu
s
tr
ated
b
elo
w
:
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t c
o
p
y
i
s
s
e
n
t i
n
f
ir
s
t
p
ath
as o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
ac
k
et.
b.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
p
y
w
ill
b
e
s
e
n
t
af
ter
t
h
r
ee
b
it
s
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
L
SB
to
MSB
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
p
at
h
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
w
ill
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
r
ee
b
its
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
MSB
to
L
SB
.
c.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
co
p
y
w
i
ll
b
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
th
ir
d
p
ath
a
f
ter
s
i
x
b
it
s
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
L
SB
to
MSB
an
d
at
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
t
h
e
s
ix
b
it
s
w
ill b
e
s
h
if
ted
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
M
SB
to
L
SB
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
b
it
s
p
o
s
itio
n
.
d.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
co
p
ies
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
i
n
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
Ag
g
r
ess
i
v
e
P
ac
k
et
C
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
Sc
h
e
m
e
to
g
et
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
ac
k
e
t
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
les
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
as b
elo
w
:
T
ab
le
2
.
E
r
r
o
n
eo
u
s
m
a
y
h
ap
p
en
at
an
y
t
w
o
b
its
p
o
s
itio
n
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
e
n
d
e
r
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
(
Er
r
o
n
e
o
u
s b
i
t
s
a
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
l
i
n
e
d
)
1.
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
st
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
s
t
c
o
p
y
-
00
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
1
1
0
10
1
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
11
00
0
0
1
1
…………
………
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
(
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
a
f
t
e
r
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
p
a
c
k
e
t
c
o
mb
i
n
i
n
g
)
2.
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
st
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
st
c
o
p
y
-
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
1
1
11
00
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
1
00
1
0
0
0
0
…………
………
……
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
(
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
a
f
t
e
r
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
p
a
c
k
e
t
c
o
mb
i
n
i
n
g
)
3.
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
st
c
o
p
y
-
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
st
c
o
p
y
-
0
0
0
10
1
1
1
2
nd
c
o
p
y
-
11
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
rd
c
o
p
y
-
00
0
0
1
1
1
1
…………
………
.
.
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
(
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
a
f
t
e
r
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
p
a
c
k
e
t
c
o
mb
i
n
i
n
g
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
7
:
3
3
7
–
343
340
4.
ANALY
SI
S
I
t
is
as
s
u
m
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
en
d
er
s
en
d
s
b
it
1
to
r
ec
eiv
er
u
s
i
n
g
s
in
g
le
p
at
h
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
r
ec
eiv
es
b
it
0
in
s
tead
o
f
1
.
L
et
„
µ
‟
b
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
b
it
er
r
o
r
(
r
ec
eiv
ed
0
in
s
tead
o
f
1
a
n
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a)
a
n
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
1
-
µ
b
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
b
it
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
Fo
r
„
n
‟
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
1
.
P
C
=
(
1
-
µ)
n
(
1
)
An
d
P
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
P
E
=[
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
]
(
2
)
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
i
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
C
an
d
A
P
C
t
h
e
s
e
n
d
er
s
en
d
s
t
w
o
an
d
t
h
r
ee
co
p
ies
o
f
n
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
i
n
t
w
o
a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
p
ath
s
t
h
en
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
at
le
ast
o
n
e
co
r
r
ec
t
co
p
y
[
5
]
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
E
q
u
a
tio
n
3
an
d
4
.
X=
1
-
[1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
]
2
(
3
)
Y=
1
-
[1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
]
3
(
4
)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t [
1
9
]
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
C
an
d
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
P
C
w
il
l b
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
E
q
u
at
io
n
s
(
5
)
an
d
(
6
)
T
Hp
c=
(
1
-
πp
c)
/(
2
+
π
p
c)
(
5
)
T
Hap
c=
(
1
-
πap
c)
/(
3
+
πap
c
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
πp
c=
[
(
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
)
+(
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
)
]
/2
,
πap
c=
[
(
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
)
+(
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
)
+
(
1
-
(1
-
µ)
n
)
]
/3
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
4
.
1
.
Co
m
pa
riso
ns
o
f
pro
po
s
ed
AP
C
a
nd
P
C
Sche
m
e
s
in
T
er
m
o
f
P
ro
ba
bil
it
y
o
f
Su
cc
ess
f
ul
P
a
c
k
et
Rec
eiv
ed
a
t
t
he
Rec
eiv
er
Sid
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
5
1
2
B
its
P
ac
k
et
Size
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
1
0
2
4
B
its
P
ac
k
et
Size
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
PC
-
A
P
C
S
ch
eme
s
in
Mu
ltip
a
th
Dive
r
s
ity
S
ystem
to
Get
Hig
h
er Th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
S
a
n
jit N
in
g
th
o
u
ja
m
)
341
4
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
P
ro
po
s
ed
P
C
a
nd
Co
nv
ent
io
na
l
P
C
Schem
e
s
in
T
er
m
o
f
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
5
1
2
b
its
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
1
0
2
4
b
its
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
4
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
P
ro
po
s
ed
AP
C
a
nd
Co
nv
ent
io
na
l
AP
C
Sche
m
es
i
n
T
er
m
o
f
T
hro
ug
h
p
ut
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
5
1
2
b
its
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
1
0
2
4
b
its
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
is
h
i
g
h
ch
a
n
ce
to
g
et
f
ail
u
r
e
d
an
d
t
h
u
s
,
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
u
p
licate
co
p
ies
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
er
m
a
y
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
u
p
lica
te
co
p
ies
,
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
co
p
ies
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
to
g
e
t
o
r
ig
i
n
al
co
p
y
.
T
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
P
C
a
n
d
A
P
C
b
u
t
th
e
y
h
av
e
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
n
e
w
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
P
C
an
d
A
P
C
.
I
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
,
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
an
d
f
ig
u
r
e
2
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
A
P
C
a
n
d
P
C
in
ter
m
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
at
leas
t
o
n
e
co
r
r
e
ct
p
ac
k
et
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
I
n
f
i
g
u
r
es
3
-
6
,
it
i
s
al
s
o
clea
r
l
y
e
v
id
en
t
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
C
an
d
A
P
C
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lti
p
ath
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
v
ar
ies
1
0
-
4
to
1
0
-
2
a
n
d
p
ac
k
et
s
ize
f
r
o
m
5
1
2
to
1
0
2
4
b
its
.
T
h
u
s
,
m
u
l
tip
ath
P
C
-
A
P
C
is
o
u
tp
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
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Ch
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g
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IEE
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Co
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Letters
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V
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2
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7
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Ju
ly
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9
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I
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Vo
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7
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1
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Feb
r
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201
7
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3
7
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343
34
2
[2
]
Yiu
-
W
in
g
L
EUN
G
,
Ag
g
re
ss
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e
P
a
c
k
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Co
m
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in
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f
o
r
Err
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r
Co
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Ne
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rk
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tra
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s.
Co
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o
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3
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No
2
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e
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0
0
0
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p
p
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5
[3
]
C
Bh
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n
ia,
A
Few
M
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ied
AR
QTec
h
n
iq
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e
s
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P
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o
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in
g
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In
tern
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l
C
o
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f
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re
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c
e
o
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C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
Co
m
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ters
&
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v
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ICCCD
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6
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I
n
d
ia,
Vo
l.
II,
p
p
.
7
0
5
-
7
0
8
.
[4
]
CT
Bh
u
n
ia,
A
RQ
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s:
Re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
M
o
d
if
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o
n
s,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
IET
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T
e
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Rev
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5
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p
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.
[5
]
L
ian
g
,
Y.
a
n
d
S
.
Ch
a
k
ra
b
o
r
ty
,
S
.
S
(2
0
0
4
)
„
A
n
AR
Q
a
n
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Pa
c
k
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C
o
mb
in
in
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wit
h
P
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ive
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’
,
P
r
o
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in
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IEE
E
V
e
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l
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T
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c
h
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Co
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s,
USA
,
P
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1
8
5
3
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[6
]
S
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Nin
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S
w
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h
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Us
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Ro
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to
A
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Hig
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r
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h
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u
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h
p
u
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Pr
o
c
.
ICAR
CS
E
T
-
2
0
1
5
,
ACM
,
ICPS
,
M
a
rc
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,
6
t
h
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th
2
0
1
5
,
El
u
ru
,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
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e
sh
,
In
d
ia.
[7
]
S
a
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Ni
n
g
th
o
u
jam
,
S
wa
rn
e
n
d
u
K
Ch
a
k
ra
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o
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,
Ch
a
n
d
a
n
T
Bh
u
n
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“
Ne
w
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
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n
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f
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g
g
re
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P
a
c
k
e
t
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m
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in
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c
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la
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n
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o
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u
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g
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u
lt
ip
le
Ro
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o
In
c
re
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se
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ro
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p
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t
”
,
Pu
b
li
sh
e
d
to
In
ter
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a
ti
o
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J
o
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Fu
t
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re
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
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Co
mm
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ic
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V
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No
.
5
(
2
0
1
5
)
,
p
p
1
5
7
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6
6
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[8
]
S
w
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e
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d
u
K
Ch
a
k
ra
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,
Ra
j
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t
S
G
o
s
wa
m
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A
b
h
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n
d
a
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Bh
u
n
ia,
CT
Bh
u
n
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“
In
v
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stig
a
ti
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n
o
f
tw
o
n
e
w
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
o
f
Ag
g
re
ss
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P
a
c
k
e
t
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
in
a
c
h
iev
in
g
Be
tt
e
r
th
r
o
u
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h
p
u
t”,
Pu
b
li
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e
d
to
J
o
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r
n
a
l
o
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th
e
I
n
stit
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ti
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o
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E
n
g
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rs
(
In
d
ia
):
S
e
rie
s B
.
1
5
ju
ly
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
S
w
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d
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Ch
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k
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R
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G
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w
a
m
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A
b
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h
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u
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tu
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o
f
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ra
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w
M
o
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s
o
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g
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m
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in
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to
A
c
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iev
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Hig
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r
T
h
ro
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g
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p
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se
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Er
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p
a
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f
Disjo
in
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Err
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,
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e
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l
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t
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e
In
stit
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t
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o
f
En
g
in
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rs
(
In
d
ia
):
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e
rie
s
B.
3
0
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a
n
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a
ry
2
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1
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[1
0
]
C
T
Bh
u
n
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,“
M
o
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if
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g
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ss
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in
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S
c
h
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e
”
,
P
r
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p
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ICT
P
,
Italy
,
IC/2
0
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0
/0
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7
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
.
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1
]
S
w
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h
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n
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a
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T
Bh
u
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“
Ne
w
P
ro
t
o
c
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o
f
Ag
g
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ss
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e
P
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c
k
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Co
m
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in
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in
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il
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tate
M
o
d
e
l”
,
I
EE
E,
CIEC
,
2
0
1
4
,
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ca
lcu
tt
a
.
[1
2
]
S
w
a
rn
e
n
d
u
K
C
h
a
k
ra
b
o
rty
,
Ra
jat
S
G
o
sw
a
m
i,
A
b
h
in
a
n
d
a
n
Bh
u
n
ia,
C
h
a
n
d
a
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Bh
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“
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m
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sc
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o
f
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g
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C
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b
in
in
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S
c
h
e
m
e
s
in
Ac
h
iev
in
g
Be
tt
e
r
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t” ,
IEE
E
,
IT
NG
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
-
7
2
9
-
7
3
0
IEE
E
Co
m
p
u
ter S
o
c
,
L
a
s V
e
g
a
s.
[1
3
]
C
T
Bh
u
n
ia,
M
o
d
if
ied
P
a
c
k
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t
Co
m
b
in
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c
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sin
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Err
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re
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a
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o
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to
c
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t
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c
.
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0
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(
Pro
c
.
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EE
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Co
mp
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ter
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o
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.
),
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,
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ly
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0
0
5
,
p
p
6
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1
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4
6
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4
]
C
T
Bh
u
n
ia,
P
a
c
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v
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P
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c
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ro
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5
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e
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t
ter G
o
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c
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n
s Co
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6
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RJ
Be
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a
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Co
m
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h
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7
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C
T
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u
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In
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T
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b
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tern
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,
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8
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l
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5
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.
B.
M
.
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siru
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m
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n
,
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m
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n
tralit
y
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su
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s
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tern
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J
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C
E
,
I
SS
N:
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8
8
-
8708)
,
V
o
l
3
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
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RS
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a
n
jit
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g
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o
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.
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e
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e
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T
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ter
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