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l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
21
,
p
p
.
3
8
2
8
~
3
8
3
7
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
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DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
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9
1
/
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j
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.
v
1
1
i
5
.
pp
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8
2
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-
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7
3828
J
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ttp
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ec
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co
m
Ea
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ev
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O
VID
-
1
9
inf
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tion usin
g
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m
o
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dule genera
tors
Da
niel Sa
nin
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la
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s
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D.
M
o
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lv
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del R
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a
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a
n
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In
stit
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to
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e
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tro
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nfo
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A
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ticle
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to
r
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R
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Dec
1
7
,
2
0
20
R
ev
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r
6
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2
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21
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cc
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r
1
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2
0
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e
COV
ID
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p
a
n
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ly
sto
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e
d
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th
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2
0
K.
K
ey
w
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d
s
:
C
OVI
D
-
19
Fev
er
d
etec
tio
n
Nu
m
er
ical
s
i
m
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latio
n
T
h
er
m
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T
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s
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n
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e
CC B
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
o
r
:
Dan
iel
Sa
n
i
n
Villa
Facu
lt
y
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f
E
n
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ee
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Dep
ar
t
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n
t o
f
Me
c
h
atr
o
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ics a
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d
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l
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tr
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I
n
s
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Me
tr
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p
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R
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s
C
alle
7
3
No
.
7
6
A
-
3
5
4
,
Vía
a
l V
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lad
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r
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Me
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ellín
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E
m
ail: d
an
iels
a
n
i
n
@
i
t
m
.
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u
.
co
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Usu
al
cli
n
ical
m
a
n
if
e
s
tatio
n
af
ter
an
in
c
u
b
atio
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
4
d
ay
s
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
d
is
ea
s
e
in
c
lu
d
es
f
ev
er
,
d
r
y
co
u
g
h
,
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
tn
e
s
s
o
f
b
r
ea
th
.
T
h
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
w
ca
s
es
h
as
led
to
a
r
ap
id
r
esp
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n
s
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m
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ito
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n
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an
d
d
etec
tio
n
o
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ea
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l
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y
m
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s
o
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g
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lt
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n
t
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lik
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m
as
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test
in
g
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
(
W
HO)
d
ef
in
ed
t
h
e
n
o
v
e
l
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
(
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
)
as
a
p
an
d
em
ic
s
tatu
s
o
n
Ma
r
ch
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
y
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
h
av
e
ta
k
en
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s
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tr
ictio
n
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o
n
h
u
m
an
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
cir
c
u
latio
n
.
Fe
v
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u
s
u
all
y
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e
f
er
s
to
a
n
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k
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n
d
o
f
b
ac
ter
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r
v
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d
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s
w
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ep
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m
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p
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7
.
5
°C
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
is
o
lated
an
d
test
ed
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
19.
B
o
d
y
te
m
p
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at
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
tr
ad
itio
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al
tech
n
iq
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es
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u
c
h
a
s
o
r
al,
ax
il
la,
o
r
t
y
m
p
a
n
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te
m
p
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w
h
e
n
n
o
n
i
n
v
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v
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o
p
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s
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u
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icie
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t.
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e
i
n
f
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s
k
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m
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m
en
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s
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d
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e
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a
s
t,
s
a
f
e,
an
d
co
n
tactless
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
]
.
Milic
i
et
a
l.
[
3
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
ep
i
d
er
m
al
R
FID
-
UH
F
ep
id
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m
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n
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icate
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ten
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tr
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n
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it t
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ata.
No
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te
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p
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h
a
s
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u
s
ed
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cir
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m
s
tan
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s
u
ch
a
s
r
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o
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co
n
s
u
lti
n
g
[
4
]
w
it
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
an
d
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
u
s
i
n
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w
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co
m
m
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n
icatio
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,
a
n
d
in
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n
an
d
s
ep
ar
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o
f
il
l st
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d
en
ts
in
ac
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m
ic
s
p
ac
es c
ase
s
[
5
]
.
Nev
er
th
eles
s
,
th
e
s
k
i
n
te
m
p
er
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r
e
d
ep
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s
h
ig
h
l
y
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e
en
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m
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n
tal
co
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d
itio
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s
,
a
n
d
it
ca
n
v
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y
ac
r
o
s
s
t
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e
s
k
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’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
6
]
,
b
u
t th
e
s
u
p
er
f
icia
l te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
t
h
e
m
ea
n
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
a
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ly
feve
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
n
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
in
fectio
n
u
s
in
g
th
ermo
el
ec
tr
ic
mo
d
u
le
g
en
era
to
r
s
(
Da
n
iel
S
a
n
in
-
V
illa
)
3829
Th
e
h
ea
t
p
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o
d
u
ce
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b
y
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h
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h
u
m
a
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r
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m
t
h
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k
in
to
th
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en
v
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m
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[
7
]
,
an
d
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m
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co
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th
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m
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elec
tr
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(
T
E
G)
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
to
an
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
[
8
]
.
T
E
G
d
ev
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h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
a
d
if
f
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n
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co
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x
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as
th
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o
elec
tr
ic
s
o
lar
g
e
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er
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n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
9
]
,
th
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g
f
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I
o
T
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ev
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n
d
w
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ab
les
[
1
0
]
,
h
y
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r
id
p
h
o
to
v
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ltaic
-
T
E
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
w
aste
h
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v
er
y
f
r
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m
e
x
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ap
p
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s
[
1
3
]
,
s
m
al
l
s
ca
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eo
th
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m
a
l
s
o
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r
ce
s
[
1
4
]
,
ev
en
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s
p
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AS
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Ma
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s
Miss
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(
P
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s
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ce
)
a
m
o
n
g
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th
er
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
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e
s
tan
d
ar
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s
en
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tech
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m
eti
m
es
r
eq
u
ir
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
an
d
o
u
ter
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
li
k
e
b
atter
ies
o
r
AC
p
o
w
er
[
1
6
]
u
s
i
n
g
T
E
G
m
o
d
u
le
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
u
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
to
s
e
n
s
e
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
t
an
ea
r
l
y
f
ev
er
s
tate,
w
it
h
n
o
o
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ter
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
T
E
G
m
o
d
u
les
ar
e
s
o
lid
-
s
tate
d
e
v
ices
th
a
t
p
r
o
d
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ce
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ctr
ic
en
er
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ir
ec
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o
m
h
u
m
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t,
w
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n
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m
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h
a
n
ical,
l
ig
h
t,
o
r
r
ad
io
w
a
v
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
o
d
y
co
r
e
te
m
p
er
at
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m
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ts
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n
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f
ev
er
m
o
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ito
r
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s
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s
te
m
s
r
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o
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ad
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y
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y
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ac
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to
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tr
o
l a
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d
m
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o
f
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p
an
d
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m
ic
a
n
d
th
is
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
i
s
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e
b
est ap
p
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to
“
f
latten
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e
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e”
.
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h
e
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tiv
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h
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ar
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s
to
id
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t
h
e
T
E
G
d
ev
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a
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h
an
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ate
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AR
S
-
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-
2
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ir
u
s
.
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n
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tio
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2
,
th
e
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o
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o
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h
en
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m
en
a,
th
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s
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o
f
T
E
G
m
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les
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u
m
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o
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y
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d
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e
s
i
m
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lati
o
n
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etu
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ar
e
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r
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ted
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w
h
ic
h
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
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th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
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s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
,
s
ec
t
io
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Fin
a
l
l
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
he
t
her
m
o
elec
t
rica
l phe
no
m
e
na
T
E
G
m
o
d
u
le
s
w
o
r
k
b
asical
l
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
Seeb
ec
k
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
er
m
o
elec
tr
ic
m
ate
r
ials
li
k
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
let
t
h
e
T
E
G
m
o
d
u
le
to
g
en
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ate
v
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lta
g
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d
ir
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tl
y
f
r
o
m
a
te
m
p
er
at
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r
e
g
r
ad
ien
t,
w
h
er
e
is
a
m
ater
ial
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
p
r
o
p
er
ty
ca
lled
t
h
e
Seeb
ec
k
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
a
n
d
∇
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
u
r
f
ac
es o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le,
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
1
)
.
TEG
VT
(
1
)
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
:
p
o
s
iti
v
e
(
P
-
ty
p
e)
an
d
n
e
g
ati
v
e
(
N
-
t
y
p
e)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
P
-
t
y
p
e
h
as
s
u
r
p
lu
s
h
o
les
an
d
th
e
N
-
t
y
p
e
is
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
o
f
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ch
ar
g
es
(
elec
tr
o
n
s
)
to
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
th
e
th
er
m
o
elec
tr
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
el
ec
tr
o
n
s
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
leg
to
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o
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w
h
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e
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
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f
ac
e
(
s
k
i
n
)
to
th
e
lo
w
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te
m
p
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at
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r
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s
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r
f
ac
e
(
s
u
r
r
o
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n
d
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n
g
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v
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n
m
en
tal
air
)
,
th
is
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
co
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v
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t
s
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t
f
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a
lig
h
t
e
m
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s
io
n
d
io
d
e
(
L
E
D)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
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a
s
ch
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m
atic
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w
o
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th
e
T
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G
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o
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.
T
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e
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t tr
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
o
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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0
8
8
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I
n
t J
E
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&
C
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11
,
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5
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p
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L
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2
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ce
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t tr
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d
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4
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:
2
1
2
H
N
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H
L
Q
I
T
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(
3
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2
1
2
L
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Q
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(
4
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W
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N
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d
P
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t
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p
e
m
ater
ial,
d
ef
i
n
ed
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
(
5
)
,
is
th
e
Seeb
ec
k
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
th
e
elec
tr
ical
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
lo
ad
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
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esis
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
L
E
D.
T
h
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ter
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s
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t
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al
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ate
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ial,
L
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h
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h
t
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m
o
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tr
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,
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d
A
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-
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tio
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al
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(
co
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s
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t)
.
N
P
N
P
NP
AA
LL
(
5
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T
h
e
T
E
G
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
,
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
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x
i
m
a
ted
a
s
(
6
)
s
h
o
w
s
.
T
h
e
ter
m
is
t
h
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
i
t
v
o
lag
e
b
et
w
ee
n
a
p
air
o
f
th
er
m
o
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tr
ic
le
g
s
,
a
n
d
is
th
e
to
tal
in
ter
n
al
elec
tr
i
ca
l
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
T
E
G
d
ev
ice
[
1
8
]
.
2
,
m
a
x
int
4
OC
out
V
P
R
(
6
)
2
.
2
.
T
E
G
o
n t
he
hu
m
a
n bo
dy
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Star
k
[
1
9]
,
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
et
wee
n
1
.
3
an
d
3
6
.
6
m
W
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
p
ar
t;
t
h
e
c
h
est
a
n
d
th
e
ab
d
o
m
en
ar
e
th
e
m
a
in
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
av
ailab
le
f
o
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h
ar
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s
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g
th
er
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al
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g
y
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u
t
ar
m
s
a
n
d
f
o
r
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r
m
s
ca
n
p
r
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u
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b
et
w
ee
n
1
.
7
an
d
2
0
.
2
m
W
.
P
o
w
er
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e
n
er
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
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o
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er
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u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
s
k
in
r
eq
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ir
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
le
x
ib
le
a
n
d
b
io
co
m
p
at
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
i
s
n
o
t
a
f
la
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
So
m
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
i
n
cl
u
d
e
elec
tr
o
d
ep
o
s
i
tio
n
,
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
ti
n
g
,
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
tin
g
,
an
d
in
k
j
et
p
r
in
tin
g
.
T
h
e
T
E
G
s
en
s
o
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
b
e
e
m
b
e
d
d
ed
in
to
an
ad
h
e
s
i
v
e
b
an
d
a
g
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
b
atter
ies
,
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
y
p
o
aller
g
e
n
ic
co
s
m
e
tic
t
y
p
e
o
f
g
lu
e.
T
h
e
m
a
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
i
s
to
ac
ti
v
ate
a
s
ta
te
o
u
tp
u
t
in
d
icato
r
(
L
E
D)
to
aler
t
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
h
ig
h
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3835
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El
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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en
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CO
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SI
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G
d
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ter
est r
eg
ar
d
i
n
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t
h
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s
in
v
est
ig
at
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
3
8
2
8
-
3837
3836
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
D.
L
a
n
d
ry
,
L
.
G
e
d
d
e
s,
A
.
P
a
rk
M
o
se
m
a
n
,
J.
P
.
L
e
f
ler,
S
.
R.
Ra
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
v
a
n
W
ij
c
h
e
n
,
“
Early
r
e
f
le
c
ti
o
n
o
n
th
e
g
lo
b
a
l
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
COV
ID1
9
,
a
n
d
im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
h
y
sio
th
e
ra
p
y
,
”
Ph
y
sio
th
e
r.
(
Un
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
7
,
p
p
.
A
1
–
A
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
p
h
y
sio
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
3
.
0
0
3
.
[2
]
K.
A
ll
e
g
a
e
rt,
K.
Ca
ste
e
ls,
I.
v
a
n
G
o
rp
,
a
n
d
G
.
Bo
g
a
e
rt,
“
Ty
m
p
a
n
ic,
i
n
f
ra
re
d
sk
in
,
A
n
d
tem
p
o
ra
l
a
rter
y
sc
a
n
th
e
rm
o
m
e
ters
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
re
c
tal
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
in
c
h
il
d
re
n
:
A
re
a
l
-
li
f
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t,
”
Cu
rr
.
T
h
e
r.
Re
s.
-
Cli
n
.
Exp
.
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
p
p
.
3
4
–
3
8
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
c
u
rth
e
re
s.2
0
1
3
.
1
1
.
0
0
5
.
[3
]
S
.
M
il
ici,
S
.
Am
e
n
d
o
la,
A
.
Bian
c
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
M
a
rro
c
c
o
,
“
Ep
id
e
r
m
a
l
RF
ID
p
a
ss
iv
e
s
e
n
so
r
f
o
r
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,”
2
0
1
4
IE
EE
RF
I
D
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
Ap
p
l.
C
o
n
f.
RF
ID
-
T
A
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
–
1
4
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
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0
9
/RF
ID
-
TA
.
2
0
1
4
.
6
9
3
4
2
1
6
.
[4
]
H.
M
a
n
so
r
,
M
.
H.
A
.
S
h
u
k
o
r
,
S
.
S
.
M
e
sk
a
m
,
N.
Q.
A
.
M
.
Ru
sli,
a
n
d
N.
S
.
Zam
e
r
y
,
“
Bo
d
y
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
re
m
o
te
h
e
a
lt
h
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
sy
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
S
m
a
rt
In
stru
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
,
M
e
a
s.
Ap
p
l.
ICS
IM
A
2
0
1
3
,
n
o
.
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
–
2
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICS
I
M
A
.
2
0
1
3
.
6
7
1
7
9
5
6
.
[5
]
R.
B.
Ka
p
lan
,
T
.
M
.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
R.
O.
S
c
h
n
e
id
e
r,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
Krish
n
a
n
,
“
A
d
e
si
g
n
f
o
r
lo
w
c
o
st an
d
sc
a
lab
le n
o
n
-
c
o
n
tac
t
f
e
v
e
r
sc
r
e
e
n
in
g
s
y
ste
m
,
”
AS
EE
An
n
u
.
Co
n
f.
Exp
o
.
Co
n
f.
Pro
c
.
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
oi
:
1
0
.
1
8
2
6
0
/
1
-
2
--
1
7
3
1
6
.
[6
]
M
.
D.
P
.
G
a
rc
ia
-
S
o
u
to
a
n
d
P
.
Da
b
n
ich
k
i,
“
S
k
in
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
rm
o
re
g
u
lato
r
y
re
sp
o
n
se
d
u
r
in
g
p
ro
l
o
n
g
e
d
se
a
ti
n
g
,
”
B
u
il
d
.
E
n
v
iro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
–
2
1
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
b
u
il
d
e
n
v
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
7
.
0
0
6
.
[7
]
N.
Ja
z
iri
,
A
.
Bo
u
g
h
a
m
o
u
ra
,
J.
M
ü
ll
e
r,
B.
M
e
z
g
h
a
n
i,
F
.
T
o
u
n
si
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ism
a
il
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
ie
w
o
f
T
h
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
G
e
n
e
ra
to
rs:
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
o
n
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
En
e
rg
y
Rep
o
rts
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
–
2
8
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
r.
2
0
1
9
.
1
2
.
0
1
1
.
[8
]
L
.
F
ra
n
c
io
so
,
C
.
De
P
a
sc
a
li
,
I.
F
a
re
ll
a
,
C.
M
a
rtu
c
c
i,
P
.
Cre
t,
P
.
S
ic
il
ian
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
P
e
rro
n
e
,
“
F
lex
ib
le
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
a
m
b
ien
t
a
ss
isted
li
v
in
g
w
e
a
ra
b
le
b
io
m
e
tri
c
se
n
so
rs,”
J
.
Po
we
r
S
o
u
rc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
9
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
9
–
3
2
4
3
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
j
p
o
w
so
u
r.
2
0
1
0
.
1
1
.
0
8
1
.
[9
]
M
.
G
e
,
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
L
.
L
iu
,
J.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
Y.
Zh
a
o
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
so
lar
th
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
(S
T
EG
)
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
sp
ra
y
c
o
o
li
n
g
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
7
,
p
p
.
6
6
1
–
6
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
c
o
n
m
a
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
0
.
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
A
.
No
z
a
r
ias
b
m
a
rz
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
w
e
a
ra
b
le
th
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
:
F
ro
m
b
o
d
y
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
re
to
e
lec
tro
n
ic sy
ste
m
s,”
Ap
p
l.
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
2
5
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
A
rt.
n
o
.
1
1
4
0
6
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
p
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
1
4
0
6
9
.
[1
1
]
E.
Yin
,
Q.
L
i,
a
n
d
Y.
Xu
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
re
sista
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
o
p
t
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
-
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
tri
c
h
y
b
rid
s
y
ste
m
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
3
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
–
2
0
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
c
o
n
m
a
n
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
4
.
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
R.
Bjø
rk
a
n
d
K.
K.
Nie
lse
n
,
“
T
h
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
(
P
V
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
rm
o
e
le
c
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
(T
E
G
)
s
y
st
e
m
,
”
S
o
l.
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
–
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
so
len
e
r.
2
0
1
5
.
0
7
.
0
3
5
.
[1
3
]
E.
S
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
T
E
G
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
e
x
h
a
u
st
re
c
o
v
e
r
y
f
o
r
a
li
g
h
t
d
ies
e
l
v
e
h
icle
w
it
h
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
u
e
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
e
m
issio
n
s,”
Ap
p
l.
T
h
e
rm
.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
7
,
p
p
.
6
6
1
–
6
7
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
p
p
lt
h
e
rm
a
len
g
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
0
.
1
0
0
.
[1
4
]
R.
Be
n
Ch
e
ik
h
,
B.
El
Ba
d
si,
a
n
d
A
.
M
a
s
m
o
u
d
i,
“
Ge
o
th
e
rm
a
l
so
u
rc
e
s
-
b
a
se
d
th
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
:
A
n
a
tt
e
m
p
t
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
ru
ra
l
e
lec
tri
f
ica
ti
o
n
in
so
u
t
h
e
rn
T
u
n
isia,”
2
0
1
4
9
t
h
In
t
.
Co
n
f
.
Eco
l.
Veh
.
Ren
e
w.
En
e
rg
ies
,
EV
ER
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
EVER.
2
0
1
4
.
6
8
4
4
0
8
0
.
[1
5
]
A
.
Ba
r
c
o
,
R.
M
.
Am
b
ro
si,
H.
R.
W
il
li
a
m
s,
a
n
d
K.
S
tep
h
e
n
so
n
,
“
Ra
d
io
iso
t
o
p
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
in
s
p
a
c
e
m
issio
n
s:
Ov
e
rv
i
e
w
o
f
th
e
sa
fe
t
y
a
sp
e
c
ts
a
n
d
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
sa
f
e
t
y
c
a
s
e
,
”
J
.
S
p
.
S
a
f.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
–
1
4
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
jsse
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
3
.
0
0
1
.
[1
6
]
K.
I.
Kitam
u
ra
,
X
.
Z
h
u
,
W
.
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
T
.
Ne
m
o
to
,
“
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
i
n
v
a
siv
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
e
e
p
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
h
e
a
ter,”
M
e
d
.
En
g
.
P
h
y
s.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
m
e
d
e
n
g
p
h
y
.
2
0
0
9
.
0
9
.
0
0
4
.
[
1
7
]
A
.
No
z
a
rias
b
m
a
rz
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
rm
o
e
le
c
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
f
o
r
we
a
ra
b
le
b
o
d
y
h
e
a
t
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
:
M
a
te
rial
a
n
d
d
e
v
ice
c
o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
Na
n
o
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
6
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
A
rt.
n
o
.
1
0
4
2
6
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
n
a
n
o
e
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
0
4
2
6
5
.
[1
8
]
M
.
S
tras
se
r,
R.
A
ig
n
e
r,
M
.
F
ra
n
o
sc
h
,
a
n
d
G
.
W
a
c
h
u
tk
a
,
“
M
in
iatu
r
ize
d
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
o
ly
-
S
i
a
n
d
p
o
ly
-
S
iGe
su
rf
a
c
e
m
icro
m
a
c
h
in
in
g
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
Act
u
a
t
o
rs
,
A
Ph
y
s.
,
v
o
l.
9
7
–
9
8
,
p
p
.
5
3
5
–
5
4
2
,
2
0
0
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/S
0
9
2
4
-
4
2
4
7
(
0
1
)
0
0
8
1
5
-
9.
[1
9
]
I.
S
tark
,
“
Co
n
v
e
rti
n
g
b
o
d
y
h
e
a
t
in
to
re
li
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
rin
g
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
ica
l
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
rs,”
Pro
c
.
-
W
ire
l.
He
a
l.
2
0
1
1
,
W
H’1
1
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
5
–
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/2
0
7
7
5
4
6
.
2
0
7
7
5
8
0
.
[2
0
]
R.
Eri
k
so
n
a
n
d
D.
M
a
k
si
m
o
v
ic,
"
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
E
lec
tro
n
ics
S
e
c
o
n
d
Ed
it
io
n
,
"
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
2
0
0
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/b
1
0
0
7
4
7
.
[2
1
]
P
.
W
a
n
g
,
K.
F
.
W
a
n
g
,
B.
L
.
Wan
g
,
a
n
d
Y.
J.
Cu
i,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
th
e
r
m
o
e
le
c
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
w
it
h
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
sid
e
su
rf
a
c
e
h
e
a
t
c
o
n
v
e
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
m
a
teria
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s,”
In
t.
J
.
He
a
t
M
a
ss
T
r
a
n
sf.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
5
–
1
1
5
3
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
ij
h
e
a
tm
a
s
stra
n
sfe
r.
2
0
1
9
.
0
1
.
0
0
6
.
[2
2
]
S
.
S
u
,
T
.
L
iu
,
J.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
tri
c
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
P
b
T
e
1
-
y
I
y
a
n
d
P
b
T
e
:
Na
/A
g
2
T
e
m
a
teria
ls,”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
7
0
,
p
p
.
7
9
–
8
5
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
3
.
0
9
0
.
[2
3
]
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
Y.
S
h
i,
D.
M
e
i,
a
n
d
Z.
Ch
e
n
,
“
W
e
a
ra
b
le
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
t
ric
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
h
e
a
t
o
n
t
h
e
c
u
rv
e
d
h
u
m
a
n
w
rist,
”
Ap
p
l.
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
2
0
5
,
n
o
.
J
u
ly
,
p
p
.
7
1
0
–
7
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
p
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
8
.
1
1
7
.
[2
4
]
K.
S
.
M
.
Oliv
e
ira,
R.
P
.
Ca
rd
o
so
,
a
n
d
C.
J.
L
.
He
r
m
e
s,
“
Nu
m
e
rica
l
a
ss
e
ss
m
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