Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
4, N
o
. 2
,
A
p
r
il
201
4, p
p
.
15
1
~
15
4
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
1
51
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Multi-Agent
Ap
proach f
o
r Facin
g
Ch
allenges
in Ultra-L
a
rge
Sc
a
l
e
sy
ste
m
s
Hami
d
B
a
ghe
r
i
*
,
Mo
ha
mm
ad
Al
i
T
o
r
k
a
m
ani
*
*
,
Z
h
al
eh Gh
af
f
a
ri
*
*
University
of Kurdistan,
I
r
an
** Iranian
Telecommunication
Manufactur
ing Compan
y
,
Iran
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Aug 8, 2013
Rev
i
sed
Jan 11, 201
4
Accepte
d
Ja
n 26, 2014
The prim
ar
y
ch
arac
teris
t
ics
of ULS
s
y
s
t
em
s
ar
e ultra-
larg
e s
i
z
e
, num
ber of
lines of code (LOC); number of
peopl
e emplo
y
ing the s
y
stems; amount of
data stored
, accessed, manipulated, a
nd r
e
fined
;
number of connections and
interd
ependen
c
ies among software
components; number o
f
hardwar
e
elem
ents
.
Th
es
e
chara
c
t
e
ris
t
i
c
s
of
ULS
s
y
s
t
em
s
make
it
im
pos
s
i
ble to r
e
l
y
o
n
our curren
t
kno
wledge
and t
ech
niques of softwa
re dev
e
lopm
ent.
W
e
will fa
ce
fundamental
ch
allenges in the design
and evolution, or
chestration an
d
control, and monitoring and assessment of
ULS
s
y
ste
m
s.
In this
pa
pe
r we
try
to m
a
ke a
com
b
i
n
ation b
e
twe
e
n
ULS s
y
stem
s an
d Multi Agen
t System
s and
to use Multi Ag
ent S
y
st
em
stren
g
ths to help t
ack
ling som
e
chal
lenges found
in ultra-
large s
c
ale s
y
s
t
em
s
.
Ba
nking s
y
s
t
em
is
an ins
t
anc
e
of ULS
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
As
a cas
e s
t
ud
y,
in
a re
al p
r
ojec
t
we h
a
ve
designed Auto
mated Teller
Machine (ATM)
com
b
ination wi
th biom
etric sen
s
ors based on
m
u
lti-agen
t
archi
t
ec
ture
.
Keyword:
ATM
Mu
lti Ag
en
t sy
ste
m
s
Soft
ware
A
r
c
h
itecture
Ultra La
rge
Sc
ale
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Ham
i
d B
a
gheri
,
In
fo
rm
ation Te
chn
o
lo
gy
,
Kurd
istan
Un
i
v
ersity,
Ira
n, Kurdistan,
Sa
nanda
j
, Pas
d
ara
n
st
reet
Em
a
il: h
.
b
a
gh
eri@uok
.ac.i
r
1.
INTRODUCTION
Wh
en
con
c
ep
t of
u
ltra-larg
en
ess is add
e
d to
so
ft
ware
syste
m
s and a
g
ents
, e
x
isting standards,
existing t
h
eories and e
x
isting m
odels enc
o
unter s
o
m
e
deficiencies; because scale
changes e
v
ery
t
hing
[1].Ultra-large
syste
m
s are
architecturally com
p
lex. Som
e
researc
h
er
s
are don
e on
ag
en
t in
teraction
,
task
assig
n
m
en
t a
m
o
n
g
u
ltra-larg
e
m
u
lti-ag
en
t syste
m
s, self-a
dap
t
ab
ility an
d
fau
lt to
leran
c
e in
u
ltra-larg
e
m
u
l
ti-
ag
en
t
syste
m
s b
u
t
t
h
ere is still
m
u
ch
to be
do
n
e
.
A
Nego
tiatio
n Mod
e
l fo
r Larg
e Scale M
u
lti-Ag
en
t
Sy
ste
m
s is rev
i
ewed in [3
]. C
N
CP
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
wh
ich
is d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
for task
assig
n
m
en
t in
u
ltra-larg
e
scal
e
m
u
lti-ag
en
t
syste
m
s is ex
p
l
ain
e
d
in
[4
].
Self –
ad
ap
tab
ility an
d
Dim
a
X p
l
atfo
rm
fo
r fau
lt-t
o
leran
ce is research
ed
in
[5
,
6
]
. In
t
h
is p
a
per we h
a
v
e
tri
e
d
to
recon
c
ile and
co
m
b
in
e m
u
lti
-ag
e
n
t
an
d u
ltra-larg
e systems to
find
po
ssi
b
l
e so
lu
tion
for so
m
e
ch
allen
g
e
s i
n
u
ltra-larg
e m
u
lti ag
en
t system
s. An
yway ag
en
ts and
m
u
lti-ag
en
t systems are o
l
d
e
r
concep
ts th
an
u
ltra-larg
e
sy
st
em
s. In t
h
e
ne
xt
sect
i
o
n
w
e
i
n
t
r
od
uce ultra-large
syst
ems cha
r
acteristics.
2.
ULS CH
AR
A
C
TERISTI
CS
There a
r
e cha
r
acteristics of ULS system
s
t
h
at will ar
ise because of t
h
e
i
r scale. Like a biological
ecosy
st
em
, a ULS sy
st
em
i
s
com
posed
of
dy
nam
i
c co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
of i
n
t
e
r
d
e
p
en
de
nt
an
d co
m
p
eti
ng o
r
gani
sm
s
i
n
a com
p
l
e
x and
chan
gi
n
g
en
vi
ro
nm
ent
.
C
h
ap
t
e
r 2 fr
om
[1]
whi
c
h i
s
pu
bl
i
s
hed
by
C
a
rne
g
i
e
-M
el
l
on U
n
i
v
ersi
t
y
gi
ves
an
o
v
er
vi
ew
of
UL
S sys
t
e
m
s characteri
s
tics:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
4, No
. 2, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
15
1 – 1
5
4
15
2
Decent
r
alization
of data, De
ve
lopm
en
t, evolution,
de
ploym
e
nt: in
UL
S syste
m
s we
have
decentralized
dat
a
,
devel
o
pm
ent
,
e
vol
ut
i
o
n,
and
o
p
e
r
at
i
ona
l
cont
rol
.
Inh
e
ren
tly con
f
lictin
g
,
unkn
ow
ab
le, and
d
i
verse
requ
irem
en
ts: U
L
S system
s w
ill b
e
d
e
velo
p
e
d
an
d used
by
a
wi
de
va
ri
et
y
of st
a
k
eh
ol
d
e
rs
wi
t
h
una
v
o
i
dabl
y
di
ffe
ren
t
, co
nfl
i
c
t
i
n
g
,
c
o
m
p
l
e
x, an
d
ch
angi
ng
nee
d
s
.
Co
n
tinuo
u
s
evo
l
u
tion
an
d dep
l
o
y
m
e
n
t: wh
ile ULS sy
stem
i
s
op
erating
,
n
e
w cap
a
b
ility n
e
ed
to b
e
in
teg
r
ated
an
d
u
n
u
s
ed
cap
a
b
ilities will b
e
dro
p
p
e
d
.
Het
e
r
oge
ne
ous
, i
n
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
nt
,
and
cha
n
gi
n
g
e
l
em
ent
s
:
A UL
S sy
st
em
i
s
const
r
uct
e
d
fr
om
no
n
-
u
n
i
f
orm
part
s.
Erosion
o
f
t
h
e
p
e
op
le/system
b
oun
d
a
ry: Peop
le will
no
t ju
st
b
e
u
s
ers o
f
a ULS system;
t
h
ey
will
b
e
ele
m
ents of t
h
e
syste
m
, affecti
n
g its overall e
m
ergent
be
havior.
Norm
al failu
res: Software and
h
a
rdware
failu
res
will b
e
th
e no
rm
rath
er than
th
e ex
cep
tion
.
New
p
a
rad
i
g
m
s for acqu
i
sition
and
p
o
licy: Th
e acq
u
i
sition
of a ULS syste
m
will b
e
si
m
u
l
t
an
eo
us wi
th
t
h
e o
p
e
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
sy
st
em
and
req
u
i
r
e
ne
w
m
e
t
hods
f
o
r
co
nt
r
o
l
.
3.
MULTI AGENT
SYSTEM
S C
H
A
R
ACT
ERISTI
CS
Prop
erties of
ultra-larg
e m
u
lti
ag
en
t system
s
in
clu
d
e
:
Distribu
tio
n
:
m
u
lti ag
en
t
system
s are d
i
strib
u
te
d
wh
ich are sp
read
ac
ross network.
So
ck
et
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
o
r
m
i
d
d
l
eware are
u
s
ed
to dev
e
lop
m
u
lti ag
en
t
syste
m
s.
Decent
r
alization: the
r
e is
no c
e
ntral
node t
o
collect
res
u
lts or issue
commands.
Agents a
c
t inde
pende
n
tly
an
d attain
th
eir p
e
rson
al
g
o
a
l.
Local
views:
no a
g
ent
has
a full glob
al
view of the
system
,
or the syst
e
m
i
s
too
co
mp
le
x
f
o
r
an
ag
e
n
t to
make practical use
of such knowle
dge
.
Self-o
rg
an
izatio
n and
self-steering
.
M
u
lti-agen
t system
s ca
n
m
a
n
i
fest self-org
an
ization
as well as
self-
st
eeri
n
g
an
d
ot
her
co
nt
r
o
l
pa
r
a
di
gm
s and
rel
a
t
e
d com
p
l
e
x
b
e
havi
ors
eve
n
whe
n
t
h
e i
n
di
v
i
dual
st
rat
e
gi
es
o
f
all th
eir ag
en
ts are sim
p
le.
So
cial: in
m
u
lti-ag
en
t system
ev
ery ag
en
t kno
ws o
t
h
e
r ag
ents and
th
eir capab
ilities an
d
m
a
y ask
t
h
em
fo
r
hel
p
.
In
teracti
o
n
:
agen
ts in
teract and
ex
ch
ang
e
info
rm
atio
n
to
coo
p
e
rate.
Goal
-oriented:
every a
g
e
n
t fol
l
ows
goals
whi
c
h a
r
e s
p
ecifie
d
by system
or
user.
Th
e m
a
in
ad
v
a
n
t
ag
es
o
f
m
u
lti-ag
en
t syste
m
s are th
eir ab
ility to
co
p
e
wit
h
d
y
n
a
m
i
cs. C
o
n
t
rarily to
objects, a
g
e
n
ts
are
not ass
o
ci
ated to
a
speci
fic age
n
t to
pe
rform
a task.
Ag
e
n
t
s
as
k ot
h
e
r
age
n
t
s
whi
c
h one
i
s
able to
do t
h
e t
a
sk. Once a
n
a
g
ent acc
epts t
h
e task, a c
ontra
ct
is m
a
d
e
b
e
tween th
e t
w
o ag
en
ts.
4.
ASSOCIATION
BETWEE
N ULS AND MAS
Th
is is t
h
e fi
rst sen
t
en
ce in a sectio
n
an
d has
n
o
ind
e
n
t
.
In
t
h
is sectio
n, we show how ag
en
ts an
d
m
u
l
ti-ag
en
t sy
ste
m
s are related in the
s
e characteristics and why
agent
s
c
o
ul
d
h
e
l
p
ap
pr
oac
h
i
n
g s
o
m
e
ULS c
h
al
l
e
nge
s. C
h
a
l
l
e
nges i
n
U
L
S are m
e
nt
i
o
n
e
d i
n
Sect
i
o
n
2.
We
defi
ne ass
o
ciations
bet
w
een
ULS
ch
allenge
s
and M
A
S c
h
a
r
acteristics:
Decent
r
alization of data, De
velopm
ent, evolution,
depl
oym
e
nt: Orga
ni
zations in m
u
lti-agent system
s
fol
l
o
w soci
al
t
h
eo
ry
an
d p
r
o
pos
e t
o
use t
h
e not
i
o
n o
f
g
r
ou
ps
or t
h
e
no
t
i
on o
f
m
a
rket
s [7]
.
A
g
e
n
t
s
are
con
s
t
r
ai
ne
d
by
no
rm
s and
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
ons
an
d t
h
e o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
s
are t
hus
cal
l
e
d
el
ect
ro
ni
c i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
ons.
In
here
nt
l
y
con
f
l
i
c
t
i
ng, u
n
k
n
o
w
abl
e
, a
nd
di
verse re
q
u
iremen
ts: Ag
en
ts can
Co
op
e
r
ate, coordinate, a
nd
negotiate
with each othe
r. These
prope
r
ties
c
oul
d be helpful
in sol
v
ing
s
o
me
challenges
.
Co
n
tinuo
u
s
evo
l
u
tion
and
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t: Th
ere
will b
e
an
i
n
creasi
n
g need to
in
teg
r
ate new cap
a
b
ilities
in
to
a ULS sy
ste
m
wh
ile it
i
s
o
p
e
ratin
g. New and
d
i
fferen
t cap
ab
ilities will b
e
d
e
p
l
o
y
ed
, and
unu
sed
cap
ab
ilities will b
e
d
r
opp
ed
;
th
e syste
m
will b
e
ev
o
l
v
i
ng
n
o
t
in
ph
ases, b
u
t
con
tinu
o
u
s
ly [1
]. Obj
ect-
orie
nted or com
ponent system
s
are
facing problem
s
to overcom
e
this
iss
u
e. Multi agent
system
platform
s
p
r
op
o
s
e th
e
notio
n
o
f
yello
w
p
a
g
e
s
wh
ere ag
en
ts reco
rd
t
h
eir sk
ills an
d serv
ices.
Hetero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
, in
con
s
isten
t
, an
d
ch
ang
i
ng
elem
en
ts: A
ULS system will n
o
t
b
e
co
nstru
c
ted
fro
m
u
n
i
form
p
a
rts: th
ere will b
e
so
m
e
misfits, e
s
p
ecially
as th
e syste
m
is
ex
ten
d
e
d
and
repaired
[1
]. Ag
en
ts
are u
s
ing
h
i
gh
-lev
el
in
teraction
fac
ilities su
ch
as in
teraction pro
t
o
c
o
l
s.
Erosion
o
f
t
h
e p
e
op
le/syste
m b
o
u
n
d
a
ry: Peo
p
l
e will no
t ju
st b
e
users
of a ULS system; th
ey wil
l
b
e
el
em
ent
s
of t
h
e sy
st
em
, affect
i
ng i
t
s
o
v
eral
l
em
ergent
be
h
a
vi
o
r
.
Age
n
t
s
coul
d hel
p
wi
t
h
t
h
ei
r
pl
an
ni
n
g
sk
ills. Users ex
press th
eir
req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s an
d
ag
en
ts d
e
fine a p
l
an
corresp
ond
ing
to
these requ
irem
e
n
ts
base
d
on
t
h
e a
v
ai
l
a
bl
e s
o
ft
wa
re c
o
m
pone
nt
s
[2]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Mu
lti-Ag
en
t Ap
p
r
oa
ch
fo
r facin
g
cha
lleng
es in
Ultra-La
rge S
c
a
l
e systems (Hamid Ba
gheri
)
15
3
No
rm
al
fai
l
u
res:
wh
en
fai
l
u
re
s occ
u
r
,
Age
n
t
s
can
m
odi
fy
t
h
e s
o
ft
ware
co
m
ponent
s
New
pa
radi
g
m
s for acq
ui
s
i
t
i
on an
d
p
o
l
i
c
y
:
Age
n
t
s
ar
e Sel
f
or
gani
z
a
t
i
on, sel
f-st
e
e
r
i
n
g A
g
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
in
tellig
en
t so th
at can b
e
helpfu
l i
n
th
is area.
Table
1 . UL
S
characte
r
istics asso
ciated
with MAS c
h
a
r
acteristics
ULS characteristics
Multi Agent Systems characteristic
Decentraliz
ation of
data, Develop
m
e
n
t,
evolution,
deploy
m
e
nt
Distr
i
buted acr
oss
networ
k
Decentraliz
ation: There is no cent
r
al
node in MAS
I
nher
e
ntly
conflicting,
unkn
owable,
and diver
s
e
r
e
quir
e
m
e
nts
Agents are
Intelligent
Agents can Cooper
a
te,
coor
dinate,
and negotiate with each other
Continu
ous evol
ution and deploym
ent
Social ability of Agents
Agents are Se
lf
-organization and self-steering
Heter
ogeneous,
incons
istent,
and changing
ele
m
ents
Agents are using high-level interactio
n facilities such as
inter
action pr
otocols[4]
E
r
osion of the peo
p
le/sy
s
tem
boundar
y
Planning skills of Agents
Autono
m
y
of Agents
N
o
rm
a
l
fa
ilur
e
s
M
odify
ing softwar
e
by
Agents
New par
a
dig
m
s
for
acquisition and policy
Agents are Se
lf
-organization and self-steering
Agents Are
Independent and Intelligent
5.
CASE ST
UDY
Ira
ni
an Tel
e
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on
M
a
nu
fact
u
r
i
n
g
C
o
m
p
any
(IT
MC) is a company
operating in Electrical
engi
neeri
ng a
n
d IC
T a
r
eas. I
T
M
C
besi
des s
o
m
e
prod
uct
s
i
n
electrical and comm
unicatio
n area
participates in
soft
ware a
r
eas. One
of t
h
ese
projects which are desi
g
n
e
d
i
s
Au
t
o
m
a
ted
Teller Mach
in
e
(ATM
) co
m
b
in
atio
n
wi
t
h
bi
om
et
ri
c
sens
ors
.
Traditionally, access to secure areas
or sensitive inform
at
i
on
has
been
c
o
ntrolled by possession
of
a
part
i
c
ul
a
r
key
card
or
pass
w
o
rd
. N
o
wa
day
s
,
peo
p
l
e
ha
ve P
I
Ns a
n
d pas
s
w
o
r
d
s f
o
r a l
a
r
g
e num
ber
of
d
e
vi
ces,
fr
om
t
h
e di
ffer
e
nt
soci
al
net
w
or
ks a
nd si
t
e
s,
t
o
t
h
ei
r
ban
k
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on. B
i
om
et
ri
c sensor
s can c
o
n
f
i
r
m
that
a
p
e
rson
is act
u
a
lly p
r
esen
t
wit
h
ou
t
requ
iring
th
e user t
o
reme
m
b
er an
yth
i
ng
an
d th
ere is
no
secu
rity threat.
B
a
nki
ng
sy
st
em
, based
on
i
t
s
cha
r
act
eri
s
t
i
c
s, i
s
one
of t
h
e
instances
of
ULS system
s. The
details of
t
h
e sy
st
em
s speci
fi
cat
i
on are
m
e
nt
i
oned i
n
o
u
r
bo
o
k
[
8
]
.
We have
desi
g
n
e
d
t
h
e
pr
oject
s
base
d o
n
m
u
l
t
i
agen
t
architecture. In
Table 2,
we
show how c
h
allenge
s
of
ATM s
y
ste
m
are satisfied.
Th
is
p
r
o
j
ect lev
e
rag
e
s ag
en
t’s po
ten
tials fo
r tack
lin
g ULS
ch
allen
g
es an
d was
d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
b
a
sed on
SQL Serve
r
a
n
d Visual
C
#
.
Table 2. ATM characte
r
istics
ATM Characte
ri
stics
Multi Agent Syste
m
s c
h
aracteristi
c
Decentraliz
ation of
banking data
Distributed agents across network
Diver
s
e requir
e
m
e
nts
Pr
ofoun
d infl
uenc
e of envir
o
n
m
ent
Agents can C
oope
r
a
te,
coor
dinate,
and ne
gotiate with e
ach
other
Co
m
p
etitive environ
m
ent
Fast paced of technology
Agents are social
Agents are Se
lf
-organization and self-steering
I
n
consistent needs in banking Sy
stem
s
Using high-level interac
tion facilitie
s by Agents
Custo
m
er
s
and user
s of the sy
ste
m
m
a
y
be
the sa
m
e
Custo
m
ers a
r
e the
m
a
in ele
m
ent
of
the
sy
ste
m
Planning skills of Agents
Agents ar
e autonom
ous
Infrastructure failure
Pr
oblem
in
T
e
leco
m
m
u
n
ications networ
k
M
odify
ing softwar
e
by
Agents
Cooper
a
tion with m
onitor
i
ng and logging Agents
New p
a
tte
rn
s f
o
r Secu
rit
y
issu
e
s
in
Banking Sy
stem
s
Agents are Se
lf-organization,
Independent and Intelligent
M
onitor
i
ng,
Authentication and Auth
or
ization Agents
6.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Ultra-larg
e syste
m
s h
a
v
e
fun
d
a
m
en
tal ch
alle
n
g
e
s in
co
m
p
ariso
n
to
trad
itio
n
a
l syste
m
s. C
o
nv
en
tio
n
a
l
m
e
thods
of
software e
ngi
neering a
r
e not effective in th
is kind
of system
s because
of problem
s of scal
e. The
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
i
n
t
r
od
uce
d
by
sc
al
e req
u
i
r
e
ne
w s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n a
p
pr
oac
h
es a
n
d
new
co
nce
p
t
s
fo
r sy
st
em
desi
gn
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t,
o
p
e
ration
,
an
d ev
o
l
u
tion
.
Agen
ts and
M
u
lti-ag
en
t system
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
t
en
tial to
resp
ond
to
so
m
e
o
f
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es. In
th
is p
a
p
e
r
we tried
to
m
a
ke a corres
pondenc
e
betwee
n UL
S syste
m
s challenge
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
4, No
. 2, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
15
1 – 1
5
4
15
4
an
d Mu
lti Ag
en
t System
s ch
aracteristics and to
u
s
e M
u
lti Ag
en
t
System
st
reng
th
s to
h
e
lp tack
lin
g so
m
e
u
ltra-
large scale syst
e
m
s challenges
.
For eac
h c
h
allenging c
h
ar
a
c
t
eristic in ULS syste
m
s we can fi
nd a
n
as
soc
i
ated
streng
th
i
n
M
A
S
wh
ich
cou
l
d
b
e
h
e
lpfu
l
in so
l
v
ing
so
m
e
ch
allen
g
es.
As a case stud
y, in
a real
p
r
oj
ect we
have
desi
g
n
ed
Aut
o
m
a
t
e
d Tel
l
e
r M
achi
n
e (ATM
) com
b
i
n
at
i
on
wi
t
h
bi
om
et
ri
c senso
r
s. B
a
nki
ng sy
s
t
em
is
one
of the inst
ances of Ultra Large
Scale Syste
m
s. For each challenges
in ATM we showe
d
in Table
2 how
challenges
of
ATM system
a
r
e satisfied by
MAS
pote
n
tials.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
“
U
ltra-Larg
e-Sc
ale S
y
s
t
em
s The Software Cha
lleng
e of th
e F
u
ture”
.
Software
Enginee
r
ing In
stitute
, Carn
egie
-
Mellon Univ
ersity
, 2006
.
[2]
Huget Marc Philippe. “
E
xecu
ting
Ultr
a L
a
r
g
e Softwar
e Sys
t
ems
w
ith Mult
iagen
t
S
y
s
t
ems
”. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Wo
rkshop on Ultr
a-
la
rge-scale Software-i
ntensive Sy
stems (10 May
2008), pag
e
s 33-
36
[3]
F
a
r B, W
a
n
y
am
a T
.
“
A N
e
gotiation Model for L
a
rge
Scale Mu
lti-Agent Systems
”. Schulich
Scho
ol of
Engineerin
g
University
of
Calgar
y
,
2006.
[4]
Yang Jian, Li Wen-Li, Hong Ch
un-Yu. “
An Impr
ovement
to CN
CP in L
a
r
g
e-Sca
l
e Mut
i
-Ag
e
nt S
y
s
t
em
”. Inst
itut
e
of
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[5]
Faci Nora, Guessoum Zahia. “
DimaX: A Fau
l
t
-
T
o
lerant Mult
i-
Agent
Plat
form
”. Univers
i
t
y
Rei
m
s
Cham
pagne-
Ardenne 2
Univ
ersity
Pierre and
Marie Cur
i
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06
[6]
Cardon
A, Itmi M.
“
A multi agent modeling app
roach for an ad
aptive
re
gulation in
large
sc
ale
c
o
mple
x sy
ste
m
s
”.
LITIS INSA de
Rouen France, 2
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[7]
Wooldridge M.
“An Introductio
n to Multiagen
t S
y
stems”
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2009
b
y
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ohn Wiley and Sons (May
2009).
[8]
Torkam
ani M
A
,
Bagheri H. “
U
ltra L
a
rge S
c
a
l
e
s
S
y
s
t
em
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;
Cha
r
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ti
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, ch
al
lenges
and ins
t
ances
”
.
Aras
too
publication
(In p
e
rsian), 2013
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Hamid Bagheri
was born in sananda
j, Iran
,
in 1
979. He receiv
e
d
the B.S. and
M.S. degrees in
Software eng
i
neering from
the Shahid
B
e
heshti University
,
Tehr
an, in
2011
.
Since 2009
, he has been
working in Informat
ion Technolog
y in Kurdistan
University
. His
res
earch
in
teres
t
s
includ
e S
e
rv
ic
e Orien
t
ed
Arhci
t
ec
tureand
Ultr
a
large
S
cal
e S
y
s
t
em
s
.
Mohammad Ali Torkamani born
in Ir
an, Shiraz
Ci
ty
, in 1975
. H
e
receiv
e
d
the
M.S. degr
ee
in
software engin
e
ering from the Shah
id Beheshti University
, in 201
1. He is the au
th
or of 15 books
(in P
e
rs
ian)
, m
o
re th
an 35
arti
cl
es
. His
res
e
arch
inter
e
s
t
s
in
clud
e s
o
ftware
ar
chi
t
ec
ture,
Ultr
a
Large
S
c
a
l
e s
y
s
t
em
s
,
cr
yptogr
ap
h
y
and
N
e
twork security
holds
o
n
e
patent.
He is working
in R&D Department of Ira
nian
Telecommunication Manufactu
ring Compan
y
now. He is curr
ently
teaching
at the I
T
MC Univ
ersity
of Applied Scien
ce
and
Techno
log
y
in
S
h
iraz.
Zhaleh Ghaffari was born in sanandaj, Iran,
in 1981. She receiv
e
d the B
.
S. in Software
engineering
fro
m the Azad Un
iversity
, Hamedan, in
2006.
Since 2009, she
has been workin
g in Engineering
Facuty
in Kurdistan University
.
Her research
inter
e
sts inc
l
ude
W
e
b Servic
es an
d Datab
a
se.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.