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lt c
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t li
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Hig
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I
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1
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[
3
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Feb
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P
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n
o
ted
th
a
t
t
h
e
d
escr
ib
ed
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ap
p
ea
r
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
HT
S
w
ir
e
s
ar
e
co
o
led
to
s
u
f
f
icien
tl
y
lo
w
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
es
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
Y
B
C
O
h
as
a
cr
itical
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
9
3
K
at
w
h
ic
h
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ap
p
ea
r
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
i
m
m
er
s
ed
in
a
l
ow
-
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ed
iu
m
s
u
ch
as
l
i
q
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
w
it
h
a
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t a
t 7
7
K.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Seco
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
H
T
S w
ir
e
(
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
m
m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
C
o
mp
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ta
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l a
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d
ex
p
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ta
l stu
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y
o
f a
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co
r
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HTS
tr
a
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r
mer e
lect
r
o
th
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l
…
(
V.
Z.
Ma
n
u
s
o
v
)
157
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
e
x
ter
n
a
l
la
y
er
o
f
m
ater
ial,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
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o
tectio
n
,
u
s
u
all
y
i
s
also
t
h
e
m
ain
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
f
lo
w
in
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
lo
s
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
at
p
r
esen
t,
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
w
ir
es
en
ab
le
s
a
w
id
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
m
etal
s
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
r
o
tectio
n
la
y
er
:
s
tain
less
s
teel,
b
r
o
n
ze
,
etc.
T
h
is
en
ab
les to
s
elec
t a
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
w
ir
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
d
esira
b
le
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
r
eg
o
in
g
th
a
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
li
m
iti
n
g
o
c
cu
r
s
d
u
e
to
HT
S
w
ir
e
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
lo
s
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
,
a
n
y
HT
S
d
ev
ice
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
it
h
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
(
I
-
V
c
u
r
v
e)
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
g
r
ad
u
all
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
in
to
th
e
li
n
ea
r
o
n
e
as
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
cr
e
ase
o
n
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ai
n
l
y
f
lo
w
in
g
i
n
a
r
ela
tiv
e
l
y
lin
e
ar
p
ar
t
o
f
HT
S
w
ir
e
n
o
n
-
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
la
y
er
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
d
u
e
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
la
y
er
r
esis
ta
n
ce
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
a
n
y
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
in
g
in
n
o
n
-
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
la
y
er
s
r
esu
lts
i
n
J
o
u
le
lo
s
s
e
s
in
n
o
n
-
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
m
ater
ial
b
u
l
k
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
in
w
ir
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
ex
cu
r
s
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
its
s
el
f
-
d
e
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
wh
en
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
HT
S
d
ev
ices
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
in
d
u
s
tr
y
n
ee
d
s
,
p
o
ten
tial
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
tates
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
o
m
es p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
w
h
en
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
HT
S c
u
r
r
en
t
-
li
m
it
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
3.
H
T
S T
R
ANSF
O
RM
E
R:
E
X
P
E
RIM
E
NT
A
L
S
E
T
UP
D
E
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
Fu
r
t
h
er
co
r
r
ec
t
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
o
f
HT
S
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
elec
tr
o
th
er
m
a
l
b
eh
a
v
i
o
u
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
o
b
tain
in
g
t
h
e
o
s
c
illo
s
co
p
e
g
r
ap
h
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
in
HT
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
at
th
e
k
n
o
wn
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
an
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
s
e
tu
p
w
a
s
b
u
il
t:
a
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
it
h
HT
S
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
o
p
en
m
a
g
n
etic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
an
d
th
e
p
h
o
to
is
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
ite
m
.
T
h
e
b
u
ilt
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
o
f
t
h
e
w
ar
m
ir
o
n
t
y
p
e,
i.
e.
o
p
er
atin
g
at
th
e
n
ea
r
-
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
HT
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
as
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
2
2
0
V
m
ai
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
in
d
i
n
g
w
a
s
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
t
w
o
s
tates:
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
i
ted
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
ited
o
n
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
est
in
t
h
ese
t
w
o
s
tate
s
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
w
ill
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
f
u
r
th
er
o
n
w
h
e
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
ts
in
p
r
i
m
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
eir
v
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ltag
e
d
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o
p
w
er
e
m
ea
s
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r
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d
v
ia
FLUK
E
4
3
5
-
I
I
r
eg
is
t
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t to
g
et
h
er
w
ith
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
C
h
ap
ter
5
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
s
ch
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
HT
S tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
,
s
p
o
o
ls
w
it
h
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
(
o
n
t
h
e
l
ef
t)
,
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
i
m
m
er
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ed
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n
cr
y
o
s
ta
t (
o
n
th
e
r
ig
h
t)
T
ab
le
1
.
Desig
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
HT
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an
s
f
o
r
m
er
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
P
r
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mary
w
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n
d
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n
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e
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d
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r
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w
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n
d
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g
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
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1
1
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No
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1
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Feb
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0
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1
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15
5
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158
4.
H
T
S
T
RAN
SFO
RM
E
R:
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
O
F
E
L
E
CT
RO
T
H
E
RM
AL
B
E
H
A
VIOU
R
A
T
CURR
E
NT
L
I
M
I
T
I
N
G
M
O
DE
C
o
n
s
is
te
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
,
w
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
elec
tr
ics
o
f
th
e
m
ath
e
m
at
ical
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
in
cl
u
d
es
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
f
o
r
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
it
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
h
er
e
is
th
a
t th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
a
g
n
etic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
h
as z
er
o
lo
s
s
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n
d
d
o
es n
o
t
r
ea
ch
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
1
1
+
1
(
1
(
,
)
+
1
)
+
2
=
(
)
(
1
)
2
2
+
2
(
2
(
,
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+
2
(
)
)
+
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(
2
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Her
e
L
1
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n
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2
ar
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t
h
e
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o
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H;
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o
r
m
er
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
m
u
t
u
al
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
,
H.
R
1
a
n
d
R
2
ar
e
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
cir
cu
its
,
O
h
m
,
d
u
e
to
n
o
n
-
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
wir
es
an
d
ter
m
i
n
al
s
r
esis
ta
n
ce
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
r
esi
s
tan
ce
f
o
r
R
1
,
a
n
d
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
R
2
;
R
2
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
ti
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it.
i1
an
d
i2
ar
e
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
A
;
U
i
s
th
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
a
s
u
p
p
l
y
(
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
)
v
o
lta
g
e,
V;
ω
is
th
e
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
r
ad
/s
.
R
s
c1
an
d
R
s
c2
ar
e
th
e
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
HT
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
in
d
in
g
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
an
t o
n
th
eir
c
u
r
r
en
t i
a
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
T
,
Oh
m
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
i
s
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
I
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
o
f
an
H
T
S
w
ir
e
o
n
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
HT
S
w
ir
e
h
as e
q
u
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
len
g
t
h
w
is
e:
(
,
)
=
(
1
0
(
(
)
)
+
1
(
)
)
−
1
(
3
)
Her
e
I
c
(
T
)
is
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
ic
h
,
b
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
,
is
s
et
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
cr
itical
c
u
r
r
en
t,
A
;
it
is
ta
k
en
t
o
b
e
eq
u
al
to
8
0
A
f
o
r
th
i
s
w
ir
e
at
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
7
7
K)
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
at
w
h
ic
h
elec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
f
ield
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cto
r
eq
u
als
1
µV
/c
m
i
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ca
lled
cr
i
ti
ca
l
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
w
a
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
b
y
a
n
HT
S tap
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
)
; E
0
is
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
a
t c
r
itical
c
u
r
r
en
t,
V
;
n
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
d
ex
f
o
r
I
-
V
cu
r
v
e
o
f
a
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
tap
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ta
k
e
n
to
be
eq
u
al
to
1
5
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
-
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t.
R
layers
is
th
e
HT
S
tap
e
n
o
n
-
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
la
y
er
s
r
es
is
t
an
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
is
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
O
h
m
.
Fo
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
h
ea
t
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
ef
er
to
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
liter
atu
r
e,
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
[
1
6
-
1
8
]
w
as
u
s
ed
.
W
h
er
ea
s
in
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
3
,
cr
itical
cu
r
r
en
t
I
c
b
eh
av
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
la
w
[
1
8
]
:
к
(
)
=
−
0
0
,
1848
ln
(
93
)
(
4
)
No
te
th
at
cr
itical
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
a
y
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
w
h
en
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
is
es a
b
o
v
e
9
0
K.
T
h
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
h
ea
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
ad
eq
u
ate
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
Hea
t
b
alan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
is
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
co
il
h
ea
tin
g
.
T
h
is
is
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
s
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
HT
S
co
il
b
u
lk
,
w
e
al
s
o
n
e
g
lect
co
il
in
s
u
latio
n
m
a
ter
ial
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
an
d
h
y
s
t
er
esis
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
at
liq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
b
o
ilin
g
:
=
(
,
)
−
(
∆
)
(
)
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
Q
is
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ea
t
in
th
e
co
il
b
u
lk
,
w
h
ich
lo
s
e
s
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
at
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
i
n
g
in
it
p
er
u
n
it
ti
m
e,
W
;
A
i
s
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
co
il
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
m
2
;
q
is
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
u
n
it
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
co
il
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
liq
u
id
n
i
tr
o
g
en
p
er
u
n
i
t
ti
m
e
s
ee
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
W
/
m
2
;
С
Σ
i
s
t
h
e
HT
S
co
il
to
tal
h
ea
t
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
w
h
ich
is
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
J
/K
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
h
ea
t,
cr
ea
ted
b
y
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
i
n
g
i
n
HT
S w
i
n
d
i
n
g
,
m
a
y
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
:
(
,
)
=
(
)
2
(
)
(
6
)
Sp
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
q
is
a
co
m
p
licated
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
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n
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
b
ei
n
g
co
o
led
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d
liq
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id
n
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g
e
n
,
t
h
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
As
i
s
o
b
v
io
u
s
,
w
h
e
n
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
co
il
is
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
o
v
er
h
ea
ted
,
h
ea
t
w
ith
d
r
a
w
al
w
o
n
'
t
b
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e
f
f
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w
h
ic
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ca
u
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es
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
v
er
h
ea
t
u
n
til
HT
S
w
ir
e
h
ea
t b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
o
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p
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I
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N:
2088
-
8708
C
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159
Fig
u
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Sch
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Fig
u
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6
.
Sp
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f
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ce
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u
r
f
ac
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b
ein
g
co
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led
an
d
a
liq
u
id
co
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lan
t [
1
9
]
5.
T
H
E
RE
SUL
T
S
O
F
CU
RREN
T
L
I
M
I
T
I
NG
S
T
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DY
AND
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r
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7
s
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o
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an
s
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tr
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ar
e
s
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o
w
n
i
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Fi
g
u
r
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h
e
cu
r
v
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o
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m
p
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r
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v
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iatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
(
5
an
d
6
)
ar
e
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
n
h
er
e
.
B
ec
au
s
e
a
d
ir
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t
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t
o
f
t
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te
m
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at
h
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d
if
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ic
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lt,
t
h
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t
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er
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r
e
c
u
r
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es
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ased
o
n
l
y
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n
th
e
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
.
N
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
m
a
t
c
h
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
c
u
r
v
e
s
f
o
r
a
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
[
2
0
-
25
].
L
et
u
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
w
o
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
s
r
es
u
lti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
.
First,
li
m
iti
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
es
u
lts
in
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
its
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
ca
n
'
t
ca
u
s
e
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cto
r
r
esi
s
tan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
j
u
s
t
as
ef
f
icien
tl
y
.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
lit
tle
p
o
in
t
in
co
ati
n
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
HT
S
w
ir
e
w
it
h
a
m
eta
l
o
f
h
ig
h
o
h
m
ic
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
.
Seco
n
d
,
n
o
te
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
to
b
e
h
i
g
h
er
d
u
e
to
its
h
ig
h
er
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
2
2
0
V
to
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
th
er
m
al
s
tab
iliz
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
p
o
ten
tiall
y
i
n
d
e
f
in
ite,
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
all
o
th
er
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
b
ein
g
eq
u
al,
a
h
ig
h
er
v
o
lt
ag
e
o
f
3
8
0
V
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
in
d
in
g
(
F
ig
.
9
)
,
w
e
w
i
ll
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
a
q
u
e
n
ch
in
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
,
i.
e.
th
e
w
in
d
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
f
il
m
b
o
ili
n
g
,
an
d
h
ea
t
w
ith
d
r
a
w
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
ca
n
'
t
b
e
ef
f
ici
e
n
t
an
y
m
o
r
e,
w
h
ic
h
s
o
o
n
r
es
u
lt
s
in
an
i
n
to
ler
ab
le
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
is
e.
No
te
th
at,
as
m
en
t
io
n
ed
ab
o
v
e,
d
u
e
to
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
i
s
u
n
ab
le
to
ca
u
s
e
a
n
y
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t o
v
er
h
ea
t o
f
t
h
e
win
d
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
1
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
15
5
-
16
2
160
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
i
n
a
r
ea
l
H
T
S
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
h
ea
t
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
n
e
in
ev
itab
l
y
r
e
s
u
l
ts
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
e
.
E
v
en
t
u
all
y
,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
il
l
ca
u
s
e
e
v
e
n
m
o
r
e
h
ea
t
r
e
lease,
w
h
ich
i
n
t
u
r
n
w
ill
r
es
u
lt
in
ev
e
n
m
o
r
e
o
v
er
h
ea
t
o
f
b
o
th
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
to
r
eq
u
ir
e
o
f
HT
S
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esi
g
n
t
h
at
its
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
av
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
h
ea
t
-
in
s
u
l
atio
n
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
to
av
o
id
th
e
ef
f
ec
t d
escr
i
b
ed
ab
o
v
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t,
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
(
1
-
6)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
HT
S tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
elec
tr
o
th
er
m
al
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
at
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
m
ai
n
s
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
2
0
V,
th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilizatio
n
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
(
th
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t 1
in
d
ic
ates th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
; t
h
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t 2
,
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
n
e)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
HT
S tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
elec
tr
o
th
er
m
al
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
at
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
m
ai
n
s
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
8
0
V,
q
u
en
c
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
(
th
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t 1
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es in
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
; th
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t 2
,
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
n
e)
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
HT
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
a
s
b
u
ilt
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
lim
iti
n
g
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
YB
C
O
HT
S
tap
e
w
it
h
a
co
p
p
er
c
o
atin
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
al
r
esu
lts
:
ap
p
ly
in
g
m
ai
n
s
v
o
lta
g
e
(
2
2
0
V)
to
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
n
e
is
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
ted
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
li
m
it
in
g
c
u
r
v
e
s
w
er
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
d
e
s
cr
ib
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
ac
ce
p
tab
l
y
,
w
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
p
at
ter
n
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
th
er
m
al
b
eh
av
io
u
r
is
o
b
tain
ed
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
lu
m
p
e
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
it
h
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
HT
S
tap
e
an
d
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
co
o
lan
t
.
T
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
,
w
h
ich
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
u
r
th
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
HT
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esi
g
n
,
w
er
e
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
its
elec
tr
o
th
er
m
al
b
eh
av
io
u
r
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
:
a)
T
h
e
H
T
S
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
ea
t
-
i
n
s
u
lated
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
er
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
h
ea
t
tr
a
n
s
f
er
b
y
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
in
g
ca
s
ca
d
e
o
v
er
h
ea
t.
b
)
O
n
l
y
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
HT
S
w
ir
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
ated
w
i
th
a
d
a
m
p
in
g
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
m
ater
ial,
b
ec
au
s
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
l
y
d
u
e
to
d
eter
io
r
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
t
cu
r
r
en
t
l
i
m
iti
n
g
.
T
h
e
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
cu
r
v
es
p
r
ese
n
ted
ab
o
v
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
mp
u
ta
tio
n
a
l a
n
d
ex
p
erimen
ta
l stu
d
y
o
f a
ir
-
co
r
e
HTS
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer e
lect
r
o
th
erma
l
…
(
V.
Z.
Ma
n
u
s
o
v
)
161
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
HT
S
tap
e
m
a
ter
ial
an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ics o
f
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
S
tate
A
s
s
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Mi
n
i
s
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
t
io
n
a
n
d
Scien
ce
o
f
th
e
R
u
s
s
ia
n
Fed
er
atio
n
,
P
r
o
j
ec
t 8
.
6
8
0
9
.
2
0
1
7
/8
.
9
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
m
il
V
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
T
r
a
n
siti
o
n
s: G
lo
b
a
l
a
n
d
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s,”
ABC
-
CL
IO,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
V
e
ld
m
a
n
E.
,
a
n
d
V
e
rz
ij
l
b
e
rg
h
R.
A
.
,
“
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
g
rid
im
p
a
c
ts
o
f
s
m
a
rt
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
c
h
a
rg
in
g
f
ro
m
d
iffere
n
t
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
ma
rt
Gr
id
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
3
-
3
4
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
Iv
a
k
in
V
.
N.,
Ko
v
a
lev
V
.
D.,
“
"
Пр
им
е
не
ни
е
то
к
о
о
г
р
а
н
ичив
а
ющ
их
у
с
тр
о
йс
тв
в
в
ы
с
о
к
о
в
о
л
ьтны
х
э
л
е
к
тр
ичес
к
их
с
е
тя
х
-
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
tere
st
-
li
m
it
in
g
d
e
v
ic
e
s
in
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
se
ts
(in
E
n
g
li
sh
)
,
"
EL
ECT
RO.
Ро
л
е
кт
р
о
те
х
ни
ка
,
э
л
е
кт
р
о
эн
е
р
г
е
ти
ка
,
э
л
е
кт
р
о
те
х
ни
чес
ка
я
п
р
о
м
ы
ш
л
е
нн
о
с
ть
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
3
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
]
F
ish
e
r
L
.
M
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
l
im
it
e
r
f
o
r
ra
il
w
a
y
tran
sp
o
rt,
”
Ph
y
sic
s
o
f
At
o
mic
Nu
c
lei.
,
v
o
l.
7
8
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
4
-
1
6
5
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
Zh
e
n
g
F
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
ra
n
sie
n
t
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
icro
g
rid
b
y
a
re
sistiv
e
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
t
ivity,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
A
la
m
M
.
,
A
b
id
o
M
.
,
El
-
Am
in
I.
,
“
F
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
rs
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s:
A
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
Re
v
ie
w
,
”
En
e
rg
ies
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
Ru
iz
H.
S
.
,
Zh
a
n
g
X
.
,
Co
o
m
b
s
T
.
A
.
,
“
Re
sistiv
e
-
t
y
p
e
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
rs:
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts,
m
a
teria
ls,
a
n
d
n
u
m
e
rica
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
L
la
m
b
e
s
J.
C.
H.,
Ha
z
e
lt
o
n
D.
W
.
,
W
e
b
e
r
C.
S
.
,
“
Re
c
o
v
e
r
y
u
n
d
e
r
lo
a
d
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
2
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
HT
S
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
r
f
o
r
e
le
c
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
li
n
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
A
p
p
l
ied
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
6
8
-
1
9
7
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
Ka
v
o
u
si
-
F
a
rd
A
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
t
in
g
F
a
u
lt
Cu
rre
n
t
L
im
it
e
r
Allo
c
a
ti
o
n
in
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
S
m
a
r
t
G
rid
s
,
”
a
rXi
v
p
re
p
rin
t
a
rXiv:1
9
0
5
.
0
2
3
2
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
Bian
c
h
e
tt
i
M
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
re
n
d
s
in
s
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
li
n
e
a
r
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
,”
2
0
1
9
1
2
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
L
in
e
a
r Dr
ive
s fo
r I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
L
DIA)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
S
a
v
e
d
S
.
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
S
CF
C
L
o
n
F
a
u
lt
C
u
rre
n
t
L
e
v
e
l
in
A
c
ti
v
e
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s:
M
a
tl
a
b
/S
im
u
li
n
k
Ca
se
S
tu
d
ies
,”
2
0
1
9
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
m
a
rt Grid
a
n
d
R
e
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
(
S
GRE)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
S
talin
R.
,
K
u
m
a
r
S
.
S
.
,
F
a
th
im
a
K.
A
.
R.
,
“
Co
o
rd
in
a
ted
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
UP
F
C
w
it
h
S
M
ES
a
n
d
S
F
CL
f
o
r
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
tran
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
,”
2
0
1
6
S
e
c
o
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
ICONS
T
EM
)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
-
2
8
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
M
e
ss
in
a
G
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
REBCO
c
o
il
s
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
a
x
ial
f
lu
x
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
:
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
M
a
n
u
so
v
V.
Z.
,
Krju
k
o
v
D.
O.,
“
A stu
d
y
o
f
th
e
r
m
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
HT
S
d
e
v
ic
e
s
a
t
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
n
g
c
u
rre
n
t,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp
.
1
3
8
9
-
1
4
0
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
Ba
i
G
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
n
A
ir
-
Co
r
e
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
W
it
h
S
tr
o
n
g
Co
u
p
led
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
,”
2
0
1
8
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
De
v
ice
s
(
AS
EM
D)
,
IEE
E
,
pp.
1
-
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
Ch
irk
in
V
.
S
.
“
T
e
p
lo
f
izic
h
e
sk
i
e
sv
o
ist
v
a
m
a
teria
lo
v
iad
e
rn
o
i
tek
h
n
ik
i
-
T
h
e
r
m
o
p
h
y
sic
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rt
ies
o
f
n
u
c
lea
r
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
m
a
teria
ls
(in
En
g
li
sh
)
,
”
T
h
e
rm
a
l
Pro
p
e
rties
o
f
Nu
c
lea
r
M
a
ter
ia
ls,
1
9
6
8
.
[1
7
]
M
a
lk
o
v
M
.
P
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
u
id
e
to
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals
o
f
c
r
y
o
g
e
n
ics
(S
p
ra
v
o
c
h
n
ik
p
o
f
izik
o
-
tek
h
n
ich
e
sk
im
o
sn
o
v
a
m
k
rio
g
e
n
i
k
i)
,”
M
o
sc
o
w:
En
e
rg
o
a
t
o
mizd
a
t
,
1
9
8
5
.
[1
8
]
L
e
e
S
.
e
t
a
l.
,
“
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
se
c
o
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
h
ig
h
T
c
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
tap
e
s
a
t
S
u
p
e
rOx
a
n
d
f
irst
tes
ts o
f
m
o
d
e
l
c
a
b
les
,
”
S
u
p
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
M
e
rte
H.,
Clark
J.
A
.
,
“
Bo
i
li
n
g
h
e
a
t
-
tran
sf
e
r
d
a
ta
f
o
r
l
iq
u
i
d
n
it
r
o
g
e
n
a
t
s
tan
d
a
rd
a
n
d
n
e
a
r
-
z
e
ro
g
ra
v
it
y
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
Cry
o
g
e
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
p
p
.
5
4
6
-
5
5
0
,
1
9
6
2
.
[2
0
]
d
e
S
o
u
sa
W
.
T
.
B.
,
“
T
ra
n
sie
n
t
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
fa
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
rs,”
Diss
.
P
h
.
D.
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
De
p
t.
El
e
c
t.
E
n
g
,
F
e
d
e
ra
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Rio
d
e
Ja
n
e
iro
,
Bra
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ru
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.