Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
, pp. 65
1~65
9
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
1
.
pp651
-
659
651
Jo
urn
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Direct
-
on
-
lin
e
-
star
t perm
anent
-
m
ag
n
et
-
assisted s
yn
chro
n
ou
s
re
lu
cta
n
ce moto
rs with f
errite m
agnets f
or drivin
g
co
nst
ant
loads
Percy
R. Vie
go
1
,
Vl
ad
im
ir
S
ou
s
a
2
, Juli
o R
.
Gómez
3
, Enrique
C.
Quispe
4
1,3
Cent
er
of Ener
g
y
and Envi
ron
m
ent
al
Stud
ie
s
Depa
rtment,
Uni
ver
sidad
d
e
C
ie
n
fue
gos,
Cub
a
2
Ene
rg
y
Dep
artm
ent
,
Univ
ersid
ad
de
l
a
Costa
,
C
olombia
4
Ene
rg
y
and
Me
cha
ni
ca
l
Depa
r
t
m
ent
,
Univ
ersid
ad
Autónom
a
d
e
Occ
id
ente, Colo
m
bia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
y
23
, 201
9
Re
vised
Sep
2
9
,
2019
Acce
pte
d
Oct
6,
2019
For
drivi
ng
co
nstant
lo
ads
in
industr
y
,
th
e
use
of
dire
c
t
-
on
-
li
ne
-
st
art
per
m
ane
nt
-
m
agn
et
-
assisted
s
y
n
c
hronous
rel
uc
tance
m
otors
wi
th
fer
r
it
e
m
agne
ts
(DO
L
-
Start
-
PMa
-
S
y
nR
M)
is
proposed.
The
b
ibl
iogr
a
phic
sea
r
ch
demons
tra
te
d
th
at
th
is
new
m
otor
has
gre
a
te
r
e
ffic
i
ency
tha
n
o
ne
sim
il
a
r
induc
ti
on
m
otor
(IM).
It
was
evi
d
enc
ed
that
th
e
m
ai
n
e
le
m
ent
that
is
req
uire
d
for
direct
st
artin
g
is
to
insert
a
squirre
l
ca
g
e
int
o
the
rotor
of
a
PM
a
-
S
y
nRM,
which
does
no
t
produc
e
neg
ative
op
era
t
i
ona
l
eff
e
ct
s
i
n
a
stea
d
y
s
ta
t
e.
An
ec
onom
ic
ev
al
ua
ti
on
was
ca
r
rie
d
out
in
a
sug
ar
m
il
l
compan
y,
app
l
y
ing
the
diffe
r
ent
i
al
net
pre
sent
val
u
e
(NP
V)
m
et
hod,
and
a
sensiti
v
ity
ana
l
y
sis,
conside
ring
th
e
four
fac
tors
tha
t
pre
sen
t
th
e
m
ost
var
ia
tion.
It
was
demons
tra
te
d,
b
y
m
e
ans
of
a
Pa
ret
o
dia
gr
am
standa
rdized
for
the
NP
V
tha
t
the
m
ost
signific
ant
f
ac
tors
are
f
uel
f
ac
tor
,
li
fesp
an
and
the
m
ult
i
pli
c
at
ion
of
both.
W
it
h
resp
onse
surfac
es
th
at
ar
e
ob
ta
in
ed
with
a
m
ultile
v
el
fa
ct
or
ia
l
expe
riment
,
it
was
det
ermined
tha
t,
b
y
var
y
in
g
the
fac
tors
in
the
ran
ges
conside
red
,
the
NP
V
al
wa
y
s
re
m
ai
ns
positi
ve
and
highe
r
th
an
2200
US
D.
Thi
s
is
m
ai
nl
y
due
to
the
nota
bl
e
diffe
ren
ce
bet
wee
n
the
e
ffic
i
ency
of
the
DO
L
-
Start
-
PMa
-
S
y
nRM
and
tha
t
of
the
IM.
Consequent
l
y
,
is
prove
d
that
an
inv
estment
in
the DOL
-
Start
-
PMa
-
Sy
nRM m
a
y
be
f
ea
sib
le
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
sta
rt
Eco
no
m
ic
an
al
ysi
s
Perm
anen
t m
a
gn
et
s
Ra
re ear
t
hs
or
ferrit
e
Sens
it
ivit
y ana
ly
sis
Synchr
onous
r
el
uctance m
otors
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Vladim
ir So
usa
San
t
os
,
Energy
Dep
a
rt
m
ent,
Un
i
ver
si
dad d
e
la Costa,
Ca
ll
e 5
8 N
o.55
-
66,
Barra
nquil
la
, Co
lom
bia.
Em
a
il
: vso
us
a
1@cuc
.edu.c
o
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Am
on
g
t
he
tot
al
energy
dem
and
in
t
he
in
dustrie
s,
m
oto
rs
co
ns
um
e
nearl
y
70
%.
D
ue
t
o
the
great
energy
c
on
s
um
pt
ion
t
hat
el
ect
ric
m
oto
rs
ha
ve
in
the
in
du
s
try
,
not
on
ly
in
co
nd
it
io
ns
of
adequate
par
a
m
et
er
s
of
e
ne
rg
y
qual
it
y,
bu
t
al
s
o
in
the
case
w
here
there
are
qua
li
ty
pr
oble
m
s,
ever
y
day
the
r
e
is
m
or
e
co
nc
ern
t
o
in
cre
a
se
the
ef
fici
ency
of
m
otors
[
1
-
4
]
.
At
pr
ese
nt,
great
at
te
ntion
is
be
ing
gi
ve
n
to
the
devel
opm
e
nt
of
synch
ron
ous
m
otors
with
ou
t
windin
gs
in
th
e
ro
to
r,
re
placi
ng
the
in
duct
io
n
m
oto
rs
(I
M)
.
The
i
m
pr
ove
m
ent
in
eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
ac
hieve
d,
m
ai
nly
,
beca
us
e
the
re
are
no
wi
nd
i
ngs
in
the
ro
t
or,
therefo
re
the
lo
sses
in
it
are
al
m
os
t
el
i
m
inate
d,
sa
vi
ng
a
ppr
oxim
a
t
el
y 20
-
35%
of
the total
los
ses
in the IM
.
Up
to
no
w,
s
ynch
ron
ou
s
pe
rm
anen
t
m
agn
et
m
oto
r
(P
M
-
SynM)
,
sync
hro
nous
reluct
ance
m
oto
r
(S
ynRM
)
a
nd
synch
ron
ous
r
el
ucta
nce
m
oto
rs
a
ssist
ed
by
per
m
anen
t
m
agn
et
(P
Ma
-
SynRM
)
(t
his
la
st
on
e
with
dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pes
of
m
agn
e
ts)
hav
e
be
in
g
dev
el
op
e
d
[
5
-
7]
.
No
ne
of
thes
e
m
oto
rs
has
sta
rting
to
rque
a
nd
it
s
us
e
is
appr
opriat
e
to
dr
ive
ce
ntrif
ug
al
pu
m
ps
and
fa
ns
that
work
at
va
riable
sp
ee
d
to
con
t
ro
l
flo
w
a
nd
f
or
wh
ic
h varia
ble f
re
quency
dri
ve
s (VF
D)
a
re
use
d. The
VFD
al
so
all
ow start
ing
t
hese m
achines [8].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
:
651
-
659
652
In
t
he
case
of
const
ant
loa
ds,
with
t
he
ai
m
of
not
us
i
ng
V
FD
or
sof
t
sta
rts
that
ar
e
exp
e
ns
i
ve
equ
i
pm
ents,
var
ia
nts
su
c
h
as
the
dire
ct
sta
rt
to
the
li
ne
with
a
synch
r
onous
relucta
nce
m
oto
r
(D
O
L
S
ynRM
)
[6
]
,
or
with
di
rect
sta
rt
to
th
e
li
ne
us
in
g
a
m
od
ifie
d
PM
-
assist
ed
reluct
ance
sync
hro
nous
m
oto
r
(DOL
Start
PMa
-
SynRM
)
[
9
-
10]
,
are
pos
sible
so
luti
on
s
.
This
pa
pe
r
pr
esents,
firstly
,
a
su
m
m
a
ry
of
the
co
ns
tr
uctiv
e
and
op
e
rati
onal
char
act
erist
ic
s
of
a
PMa
-
SynRM
,
with
di
ff
ere
nt
ty
pes
of
PM;
an
d
after
wards,
tho
se
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
t
he
DOL
St
art
PMa
-
Sy
nR
M.
The
ad
va
ntages
a
nd
disa
dvanta
ges
of
ea
ch
m
oto
r
a
re
a
naly
zed
and
c
om
par
ed
a
m
on
g
t
hem
,
and
wi
th
a
n
IM.
Th
rou
gh
a
ca
se
stud
y
i
n
a
s
ug
a
r
m
ill
com
pan
y,
t
he
ec
onom
i
c
adv
a
ntage
s
of
us
in
g
a
D
OL S
ta
rt PMa
-
Sy
nRM
instea
d o
f
a
n IM we
re
dem
on
st
rated.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2.1.
St
ruc
tu
re
and
pr
inci
ples
of
DOL St
art P
Ma
-
S
ynR
M
2.1.1.
Permane
nt m
agnet
-
assi
sted
sy
nc
hrono
us
r
el
uctance m
otor
The
DOL
Star
t
PMa
-
SynRM
is
co
nfor
m
ed
by
a
s
quirrel
cage
i
ns
erte
d
into
t
he
r
otor
of
a
PMa
-
SynRM
.
T
he
sta
tor
of
the
PMa
-
SynRM
,
is
norm
al
ly
a
nalo
gous
to
that
of
the
IM
,
in
ord
er
t
o
save
i
n
the
pro
duct
io
n
process
[
11
]
,
howe
ver
so
m
e
var
ia
ti
ons
ca
n
be
fou
nd
i
n
orde
r
to
im
pr
ov
e
so
m
e
par
am
et
ers,
su
c
h
as
t
he
ca
se
of
the
f
ract
ion
al
-
sl
ot
wi
ndin
gs
[12].
T
he
r
oto
r
in
thes
e
m
oto
rs
di
ff
e
r
in
the
ty
pe
of
ste
el
lam
inati
on
as c
an be see
n
i
n
F
igure
1.
Figure
1. IM a
nd PMa
-
SynR
M wit
h
ste
el
la
m
inati
on
s
pla
ce
d [13],
a
)
IM;
b) PMa
-
Sy
nR
M
Figure
2
s
hows
a
lam
inatio
n
of
tw
o
flu
x
barriers
per
po
le
,
f
or
a
f
our
-
pole
m
oto
r,
as
well
as
the
la
m
inati
on
and
the
ge
ner
a
l
structu
re
of
a
ro
t
or
with
f
our
ba
rr
ie
rs
per
pole
,
f
or
the
sa
m
e
nu
m
ber
of
po
le
s
.
The
bri
dge
of
el
ect
ri
cal
ste
el
in
the
cor
e
of
the
ro
to
r
m
us
t
be
caref
ully
desig
ne
d,
beca
us
e
it
has
i
m
pact
in
the
m
agn
et
ic
ro
t
or
be
hav
i
or
an
d
in
the
r
obus
t
ness
of
the
ro
t
or
[
14
]
.
The
relucta
nc
e
m
o
m
ent
occu
rs
a
s
the
ro
t
or
d
a
xis
(less
relucta
nc
e)
is
al
ign
e
d
with
the
a
xis
of
th
e
r
otati
ng
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
of
the
sta
tor
a
nd
both
ro
ta
te
at sy
nc
hro
nous spe
ed
.
Figure
2. Roto
r
la
m
inati
on
s
of 4
-
pole
m
oto
rs [14]
,
a) Lam
inati
on
of tw
o bar
riers
; b)
R
otor
with
four
barriers l
a
m
inati
on
The
de
velo
ped torq
ue,
w
hich i
s a r
el
ucta
nce
tor
qu
e
, is
giv
e
n by (
1)
:
M
=
3
2
p
2
{
(
L
d
−
L
q
)
I
ds
I
qs
}
(
Nm
)
(1)
Wh
e
re
:
p
is
th
e
nu
m
ber
of
pole
pairs;
L
d
a
nd
L
q
are
t
he
inducta
nce
s
on
the
d
an
d
q
a
xi
s,
res
pecti
vely
in
(H);
and I
ds
a
nd I
qs
are the
curre
nt
s on
t
he d a
nd
q
a
xis, res
pecti
vely
in (A
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
start pe
rm
anen
t
-
ma
gnet
-
as
sist
ed
sy
nc
hr
on
ous relucta
nce
m
oto
rs
w
it
h
…
(
Percy R.
Vieg
o
)
653
2.1.2.
Effect
of
per
man
en
t
m
agn
ets
in
th
e
PMa
-
SynR
M
In
orde
r
to
im
pro
ve
the
oper
at
ion
al
cha
ract
erist
ic
s
in
te
rm
s
of
to
rque,
po
wer
facto
r,
e
ff
i
ci
ency
an
d
oth
e
r
par
am
et
ers,
an
a
dequate
a
m
ou
nt
of
PM
is
add
ed
in
th
e
flow
ba
rr
ie
rs
of
the
r
oto
r
c
ore.
The
m
agn
et
s
can
be
base
d
on
ferrit
e,
or
in
rar
e
eart
h:
Nd
FeB
(
neody
m
iu
m
a
ll
oy,
i
ron
an
d
bor
on)
,
Sm
Co
(sam
ariu
m
and
c
obal
t),
et
c.
Ferr
it
e
ty
pes
of
fe
r
le
ss
im
p
rovem
ent
in
torque
de
ns
it
y
and
powe
r
facto
r,
an
d
ha
ve
a
hi
ghe
r
risk
of
dem
agn
et
iz
at
ion
,
du
e
to
their
low
c
oer
ci
vit
y
fo
rce
(r
esi
dual
flu
x
densi
ty
le
ss
th
an
0.5
T)
,
than
tho
s
e
base
d
on
rar
e
earths.
Ra
re
ea
rths
ha
ve
resi
dual
flu
x
de
ns
it
ie
s
of
up
t
o
ab
out
1.3
T
an
d
pr
oduce
higher
tor
que
densi
ti
es
and
powe
r
fact
or.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
it
s
cos
t
per
kg
inc
rea
ses
sign
i
ficantl
y,
by
arou
n
d
25
tim
es
in
relat
ion
to
ferrit
e ty
pes
[
11, 1
5].
The
qu
a
ntit
y,
dim
ension
s
a
nd
placem
ent
of
the
PM,
vary
accor
ding
to
the
ge
om
et
ry
of
t
he
r
otor,
the
operati
onal
char
act
e
risti
cs
desire
d
a
nd
t
he
cost
of
m
anufacture
(
wh
ic
h
is
on
e of
the
m
os
t
im
po
rtant
de
sign
restrict
ion
s
)
[
16
]
.
In
Fig
ure
3
a
),
a
la
m
inati
on
,
wh
i
ch
e
xem
plifies
the
placem
e
nt
of
the
ferr
it
es
and
the
posit
ion
of
the
d
a
nd
q
axes
,
is
show
n
[
17]
.
In
Figure
3
b)
a
ro
to
r
with
the
m
agn
et
s
placed
can
be obse
r
ve
d [14].
Figure
3. P
os
it
ion
i
ng of t
he
PM
;
a)
Lam
inatio
n
sho
wing a
pl
ace
m
ent o
f
t
he
PM
[
14]
,
b)
Exam
ple
of
a r
oto
r
w
it
h P
M place
d [
14
]
The
t
orqu
e
pr
oduce
d by the
P
M i
s d
et
erm
ined fr
om
(
1)
,
add
ing
t
he
te
r
m
λP
MIds, acc
ordin
g
to
(
2)
:
M
=
3
2
p
2
{
(
L
d
−
L
q
)
I
ds
I
qs
+
λ
PM
I
ds
}
(N
m
)
(2)
Wh
e
re
:
λ
PM
is
the
flux
c
onc
at
enati
on
s
ca
use
d
by
the
P
M
(
W
b
-
tu
rn).
Figure
4
s
how
s
the
ph
a
sor
di
agr
am
,
wh
e
re t
he
em
f
create
d by the
PM is gi
ven b
y
(3)
.
E
PM
=
p
ω
S
λ
PM
(V)
(3)
Wh
e
re
: ω
s
is
th
e sync
hrono
us
sp
ee
d of
t
he ro
ta
ti
ng
m
agn
et
ic
f
ie
ld
of the
stat
or
(r
a
d/s).
Figure
4. P
ha
s
or d
ia
gr
am
o
f
a
PMa
-
Sy
nRM
[
18
]
Wh
e
n
E
PM
is
pr
ese
nt,
dep
e
ndin
g
on
it
s
value,
V
s
will
m
ov
e
t
ow
a
rds
the
first
qu
a
dr
a
nt
an
d,
co
ns
e
quently
,
cosΦ
will
vary
.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple,
if
E
PM
incr
eases
(in
the
po
sit
ive
se
ns
e
)
,
Φ
dec
reases
and
c
os
Φ
inc
reases.
The
t
orq
ue
de
ns
it
y
can
be
im
pr
ov
e
d
by
a
ppr
ox
im
at
ely
45%
us
in
g
ferrit
e
an
d
by
1
00%
us
in
g
ra
re
earth
m
agn
et
s [
19
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
:
651
-
659
654
Table
1
s
hows
the
com
par
at
iv
e
res
ults
betw
e
en
a
PMa
-
Sy
nR
M
with
a
ferr
it
e
m
agn
et
an
d
an
oth
e
r
of
the
sa
m
e
t
ype,
bu
t
with
a
rar
e
earth
m
agn
et
(NdFe
35H
)
[
18
]
.
The
com
par
iso
n
is
m
ade
fo
r
a
co
ns
ta
nt
curren
t
of
Is
=
6
A
for
the
two
m
oto
rs.
The
increa
se
of
the
powe
r
f
act
or
,
the
ef
fic
ie
ncy,
the
ou
t
put
power
a
nd
t
orq
ue
with
the
us
e
of
N
dF
e
35H
P
M
can
be
obs
erv
e
d.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
PMa
-
SynR
M
with
fe
rr
it
e
has
s
om
e
ben
efit
s
in
relat
ion
t
o
IM
su
c
h
as
good
t
orq
ue
a
nd
po
w
er
den
sit
y
pe
r
un
it
vo
l
um
e,
increase
in
t
he
powe
r
fact
or,
bette
r
eff
ic
i
ency
a
nd
low
c
os
t
of
f
err
it
e
[
18
]
.
T
he
pri
ncipal
dis
adv
a
ntage
s
of
this
PM
ty
pe
are
the
higher
cost
in
relat
ion
to
IM,
risk
of
dem
agn
et
iz
at
ion
of
f
err
it
e
m
agn
et
s
and
relat
ively
high
par
asi
te
tor
ques
(alt
ho
ugh
t
hi
s
tor
qu
es
ca
n
be
reduced
with
sp
eci
al
desig
ns)
[20].
Table
2
sh
ows
the
co
m
par
ison
of
ra
te
d
par
am
et
ers
of
a
n
IM and a
f
e
rr
it
e m
agn
et
PMa
-
SynRM
.
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
wo equal
PM
a
-
Sin
RM
m
otors
bu
t
with
dif
f
eren
t
PM
Valu
es
PMa
-
Sin
R
M
PMa
-
Sin
R
M
PM
Ferr
ite
Nd
Fe3
5
H
Salien
ce*
2
.13
2
.5
(
o
)
38
34
λ
PM
(
W
b
)
0
.05
0
.16
I
s
(A)
6
.0
6
.0
V
s
(
V)
6
1
.04
6
9
.84
co
sΦ
0
.64
0
.91
M
(
N
-
m)
3
.2
5
.6
n
(
rp
m
)
1800
1800
Po
u
t (
W
)
6
0
3
.19
1
0
5
5
.5
8
Pin
(
W
)
7
0
4
.79
1
1
4
4
.0
4
ƞ
0
.86
0
.92
(*Salien
ce is the
ra
tio
L
d
/L
q
)
Table
2.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n an
IM a
nd a PM
a
-
SynRM
Par
a
m
eters
Ind
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ra
ted
valu
es
PMa
-
S
y
n
RM
r
ated
valu
es
Ou
tp
u
t Power
3
7
kW
3
7
kW
Inp
u
t Power
3
9
.79
kW
3
7
.41
kW
Vo
ltag
e
4
6
0
V
4
6
0
V
Frequ
en
cy
6
0
Hz
6
0
Hz
Po
wer
f
acto
r
0
.84
0
.89
Ef
f
icien
cy
9
3
.0%
9
8
.9%
Line cu
rr
en
t
5
9
.5 A
5
2
.82
A
Sp
eed
1
7
7
5
r
p
m
18
0
0
r
p
m
As
ca
n
bee
n
obser
ve
d
in
ta
bl
e
f
or
a
sam
e
ou
tp
ut
po
wer,
t
he
in
put
power
is
lo
wer
,
s
o
th
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
t
he
PMa
-
Sy
nRM
is
5.9
pe
rcen
ta
ge
poi
nts
highe
r
tha
n
t
he
IM
,
w
hich
is
rem
ark
able.
It
is
al
so
s
how
n
that
the
powe
r
factor
is
substanti
a
ll
y
hig
her
tha
n
in
the
IM
[2
]
. Th
e
cage o
f
P
Ma
-
SynRM
ha
s
the
sa
m
e
eff
ect
as
in
a
sq
ui
rr
el
ca
ge
inducti
on
m
oto
r
at
sta
rt
-
up.
Wh
e
n
the
D
O
L
Start
PMa
-
S
ynRM
is
in
synch
r
on
ism
,
the
cage
on
ly
act
s
as
a
dam
per
.
In
s
te
ady
sta
te
op
erati
on,
the
sli
p
is
zero
,
a
nd
there
are
no
l
os
ses
in
the
cage.
W
it
h
the
ai
m
of
ac
hievi
ng
di
rect
li
ne
sta
rting
a
nd
obta
ini
ng
a
hi
gh
e
ff
i
ci
ency,
supe
rior
t
o
that
of
a
n
IM
,
sever
al
va
riant
s
of
PM
-
assist
ed
relucta
nce
m
oto
r
hav
e
be
en
de
velo
ped
fo
r
di
rect
li
ne
sta
rt
[1
0,
21
-
23]
.
All
the
so
l
utio
ns
are
ac
hi
e
ve
d
by
a
dd
i
ng
a
squirrel
ca
ge
to
a
PMa
-
Sy
nRM
desi
gn
a
nd
a
djust
ing
c
ertai
n
par
am
et
ers
[24
]
.
The
desi
gn
of
the
cage
sho
uld
be
do
ne
to
obta
in,
as
m
uch
sal
ie
nce
as
possible,
in
orde
r
that
the
PM
can
be
pro
pe
rly
instal
le
d
an
d
for
hav
i
ng
a
safer
operati
on
durin
g
the
sta
rting
pe
rio
d.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
a
l
ow
e
r
sal
ie
nce
value
can
be
com
pen
sat
ed
to
s
om
e
extent
with
the
act
ion
of
the
PM.
Fig
ur
e
5
shows
a
desig
n
exam
ple
of
a
lam
inati
on
of
a
DO
L
Sta
rt
P
Ma
-
SynRM
.
C
ertai
n
pa
ram
eter
s
can
be
ad
justed
wh
e
n
de
sign
i
ng
the
el
e
ct
ric
ste
el
ribs
an
d
fl
ux
barriers
s
uc
h
as
the
num
ber
of
ba
rr
ie
rs,
it
s
sh
a
pe,
i
ts
aver
a
ge
thi
ckn
e
ss,
the
distance
be
tween
the
ba
r
riers,
as
well
as,
the
num
ber
,
thickness
a
nd
po
si
ti
on
of
th
e
br
id
ges
that
reta
i
n
the
ro
to
r
struc
ture
[
10]
.
In
Fi
gure
6
a)
an
d
b
)
di
ff
e
ren
t
ge
om
et
rical
m
e
tho
ds
a
re
show
n
to
red
uce
the
risk
of
irrev
e
rsible
de
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
of
fe
rr
it
e
P
M,
w
hich
is
a
sig
nificant
r
isk
o
f
us
i
ng
them
[1
0].
I
n
add
it
io
n,
the
di
ff
e
ren
t
i
ne
rtia
tor
qu
e
s
of
the
syst
em
c
an
hav
e
an
in
f
luence
on
the
i
rr
e
ver
si
ble
d
e
m
agn
et
iz
at
ion
durin
g
the starti
ng
peri
od
,
which
also
h
as
to be ta
ke
n
int
o
acc
ount
in the r
oto
r
des
ign
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
start pe
rm
anen
t
-
ma
gnet
-
as
sist
ed
sy
nc
hr
on
ous relucta
nce
m
oto
rs
w
it
h
…
(
Percy R.
Vieg
o
)
655
Figure
5. Lam
i
nation de
sig
n o
f
a
DOL
Start PM
a
-
Syn
RM
[
10]
(a)
(b)
Figure
6. Dif
fe
ren
t
ge
om
et
rie
s of rot
or
s t
o re
du
ce
t
he risk
of
dem
agn
et
iz
at
ion
[10],
a
)
T
wo
-
pol
e
r
oto
r
w
it
h o
rigin
al
barriers;
b) Rot
or w
it
h re
du
ce
d flo
w bar
riers
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND A
N
ALYSIS
3.1.
Opera
tio
na
l c
ha
r
act
eri
s
tics
of a D
O
L S
ta
r
t
P
Ma
-
S
ynR
M
Table
3
s
hows
the
rate
d
value
s
of
a
D
OL
Sta
rt
PMa
-
SynR
M
an
d
a
n
IM,
bo
t
h
of
37
kW
,
4
po
le
s,
60
Hz.
The
ef
fici
ency
cl
ass
of
t
he
tw
o
m
oto
rs
is
IE
4
(
Supe
r
Pr
em
iu
m
Eff
i
ci
ency).
B
oth
are
total
e
nclo
sed
fan
coo
le
d
(TEFC
),
Cl
ass
F
insu
la
ti
on
an
d
1.
15
se
rv
ic
e
fac
tor.
T
he
sta
tor
of
the
DOL
Start
PMa
-
Syn
RM
is
identic
al
to
t
ha
t of the
IM.
Table
3.
Rat
e
d values
of a
n I
M an
d
a
D
OL St
art PMa
-
Sy
nRM o
f 3
7 k
W,
I
E
4 TEFC
Para
m
eters
Ind
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ra
ted
valu
es
PMa
-
S
y
n
RM
r
ated
valu
es
Ou
tp
u
t Power
3
7
kW
3
7
kW
Inp
u
t Power
3
9
.15
kW
3
7
.6 k
W
Vo
ltag
e
4
6
0
V
4
6
0
V
Frequ
en
cy
6
0
Hz
6
0
Hz
Po
wer
f
acto
r
0
.86
0
.88
5
E
f
f
icien
cy
9
4
.5%
9
8
.4%
Line cu
rr
en
t
5
7
A
5
3
.33
A
Sp
eed
1
7
7
5
r
p
m
1
8
0
0
r
p
m
3.2.
Ec
onomic
ana
lysis: c
as
e
study
To
a
naly
ze
the
eco
nom
ic
adv
antages
an
d
ot
her
as
pects
of
the
DOL
Sta
rt
PMa
-
SynRM
,
an
ec
onom
ic
analy
sis
was
c
arr
ie
d
out,
us
i
ng
data
f
ro
m
a
r
esi
du
al
pum
p
in
the
resi
du
al
s
sta
ti
on
of
“C
i
udad
Ca
racas”
Sugar
Mi
ll
in
Ci
enf
uegos
,
Cu
ba.
The
a
naly
sis
was
car
ried
out
us
in
g
the
di
ff
ere
ntial
net
pr
ese
nt
val
ue
(N
P
V
)
disco
unt
m
et
h
od.
T
his
var
ia
nt
of
t
he
NPV
al
lows
el
i
m
inati
ng
e
qual
(
or
al
m
os
t
equ
al
)
c
os
ts,
for
i
nst
an
ce,
instal
la
ti
on
co
sts,
m
ai
ntenan
ce
costs,
a
nd
t
he
c
os
t
of
the
sta
tor
(which
in
th
is
case
will
be
the
sa
m
e),
et
c
.
The
st
ud
y
was
done
c
onside
ring that, t
he
m
oto
r w
orks u
nd
e
r
the
foll
ow
i
ng cond
it
io
ns
:
Av
e
ra
ge
loa
d f
act
or
:
0.85
Ann
ual ope
rati
ng ho
ur
s:
8040
T
he
M1
D
el
ect
rici
ty
ta
riff
(m
edium
vo
lt
a
ge
ta
riff
for
34.
5
kV
ser
vice
s,
ne
xt
to
110
and
220
kV
su
bst
at
ion
s
)
is
app
li
ed
t
o
the
com
pan
y
obj
e
ct
of
stu
dy,
ac
cordin
g
to
Re
s
olu
ti
on
28
-
20
11
of
the
Mi
nis
try
of
Finan
ce
a
nd
P
rices
of
C
uba
[25].
T
he
rates
acco
rd
i
ng
to
this
res
olu
ti
on
inclu
de
a
s
o
-
cal
le
d
K
fact
or
(
f
uel
factor),
whose
value
re
flect
s
the
pro
portio
n
in
w
hich
the
w
ei
gh
te
d
a
ver
a
ge
of
the
pri
ces
of
al
l
fu
el
s
use
d
in
el
ect
rici
ty
gen
erati
on
va
ries,
and
w
hich
is
a
pp
li
ed
to
t
he
c
os
t
of
e
nergy
c
on
s
um
ption
.
F
or
t
hi
s
stu
dy,
K
(
3.4
)
,
Cost
of
IM
IE
4
TEFC
(
3685
USD
),
Cost
of
the
DOL
Start
PMa
-
SynR
M
IE
4
TEFC
(4904
U
SD),
Cost
diff
e
re
nce
(
12
19
U
SD),
In
te
rest
rate
(35%
),
Disco
unt
ra
te
(15%
)
an
d
Lifespa
n
(10
ye
ars)
.
Since
i
t
wa
s
necessa
ry
to
e
valuate
the
ef
f
ect
of
t
he
ec
on
om
ic
un
certai
nt
ie
s,
a
m
ulti
fac
torial
sen
sit
ivit
y
analy
sis
was
done
,
as it
is sho
wn
belo
w.
U
nd
e
r
t
hese c
onditi
on
s,
the
d
if
fer
e
nti
al
N
P
V
is
3301
.56 US
D.
3.3.
Sensitivi
ty an
aly
sis
Fo
r
dete
rm
ini
ng
the
i
nf
l
uence
of
the
unc
ertai
nty
of
s
om
e
econom
ic
factors
in
the
in
ve
stm
ent
feasibil
it
y,
a
sensiti
vity
analy
sis
was
carri
ed
on.
Acc
ord
ing
to
t
his,
a
n
ex
per
im
ental
design
was
m
ade,
consi
der
i
ng
th
e
values
obta
ined
f
r
om
the
disco
unte
d
flo
w
eco
no
m
ic
a
naly
sis.
This
al
lows
the
sim
u
lt
aneou
s
assesm
ent
of
the
influ
e
nce
of
se
ver
al
fac
tors
on
the
r
esp
on
se
(
NPV
).
The
four
e
xp
e
rim
ental
fa
ct
or
s
us
e
d
w
ere:
Cost o
f
t
he
in
ve
st
m
ent
K
f
act
or
In
te
re
st rate
Lifespa
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
:
651
-
659
656
The
m
axi
m
u
m
an
d m
ini
m
u
m
values
of the
a
n
al
yz
ed data
r
a
ng
e
are
sho
wn
in T
a
ble 4.
Table
4.
E
xper
i
m
ental
f
act
or
s
m
axi
m
u
m
an
d
m
i
ni
m
u
m
v
al
ue
s
Exp
eri
m
en
tal
f
acto
r
Mini
m
u
m
Maxi
m
u
m
Co
st o
f
the in
v
est
m
e
n
t
4
4
0
0
USD
5
4
0
0
USD
K f
acto
r
3
6
Interest
rate
8%
17%
Lif
esp
an
6
y
ears
1
0
y
ears
A
m
ulti
le
vel
factor
ia
l
de
sig
n
consi
sti
ng
of
81
si
ng
le
blo
c
k
runs
with
a
c
om
ple
te
ly
ran
do
m
or
der
was
desig
ne
d.
I
n
th
e
sta
nd
a
rd
iz
e
d
Pareto
diag
ram
of
Fig
ure
7,
it
can
be
see
n,
i
n
desce
ndin
g
orde
r
of
im
po
rtance,
the
ef
fect
of
t
he
fa
ct
ors.
It
can
be
no
ti
ce
d
that
t
he
K
factor,
the
li
fe
sp
a
n
an
d
t
he
pro
du
ct
of
bot
h
are
sign
ific
a
nt.
T
hi
s
co
rr
es
ponds
to
the
fact
t
hat,
in
the
case
of
the
first,
it
dire
ct
ly
aff
ect
s
the
pri
ce
of
e
nerg
y
an
d,
therefo
re,
t
he
incom
e o
btaine
d by the sa
ving
s achieve
d; a
nd the
seco
nd
ha
s a d
ire
ct
eff
e
ct
o
n de
pr
eci
at
ion
a
nd
accum
ulate
d
disco
un
te
d
cash f
lo
w.
I
n
bo
t
h
c
ases,
an
i
ncr
ea
se
in
the
se
fa
ct
or
s
le
a
ds
to
a
n
increase
in
t
he
NPV.
The
sta
ti
sti
cal
sign
ific
a
nce
of the
factors i
s
pro
ve
n
in
the a
na
ly
sis of
var
ia
nc
e sho
wn in Ta
ble 5.
Figure
7. Stan
da
rd
iz
e
d
Pa
reto
diag
ram
f
or
N
PV
s
howi
ng th
e sig
nificance
of the e
ff
ect
s
Table
5.
A
naly
sis
of va
riance
for NP
V
So
u
rce
Su
m
of
sq
u
ares
Gl
Mediu
m
Squ
are
Ratio
-
F
Valu
e
-
P
A: Co
st
1
.42
1
0
1
E6
1
1
.42
1
0
1
E6
0
.66
0
.41
8
9
B: K f
acto
r
4
.95
1
6
E7
1
4
.95
1
6
E7
2
3
.05
0
.00
0
0
C: Interest
rate
1
.22
1
2
4
E6
1
1
.22
1
2
4
E6
0
.57
0
.45
3
5
D: L
if
esp
an
9
.49
2
4
7
E6
1
9
.49
2
4
7
E6
4
.42
0
.03
9
3
AA
1
.20
9
8
7
E6
1
1
.20
9
8
7
E6
0
.56
0
.45
5
6
AB
5
.44
4
4
5
E6
1
5
.44
4
4
5
E6
2
.53
0
.11
6
1
AC
5
.39
6
0
4
E6
1
5
.39
6
0
4
E6
2
.51
0
.11
7
7
AD
5
.14
6
2
4
E6
1
5
.14
6
2
4
E6
2
.40
0
.12
6
4
BB
1
.20
9
8
8
E6
1
1
.20
9
8
8
E6
0
.56
0
.45
5
6
BC
6
.22
2
3
5
E6
1
6
.22
2
3
5
E6
2
.90
0
.09
3
4
BD
1
.11
3
9
1
E7
1
1
.11
3
9
1
E7
5
.19
0
.02
6
0
CC
1
.26
4
1
1
E6
1
1
.26
4
1
1
E6
0
.59
0
.44
5
7
CD
5
.44
4
4
4
E6
1
5
.44
4
4
4
E6
2
.53
0
.11
6
1
DD
4
9
0
2
8
4
.
1
4
9
0
2
8
4
.
0
.23
0
.63
4
4
Total er
ror
1
.41
7
5
3
E8
66
2
.14
7
7
7
E6
Total (cor
r.
)
2
.46
3
7
E8
80
R
-
sq
u
are
= 42
.46
3
5
percent.
R
-
sq
u
ared (
ad
ju
sted
by
Gl)
=
3
0
.
2
5
8
8
percent.
Stan
d
ard er
ror
of
est.
= 14
6
5
.53
.
Av
erage abs
o
lu
te e
rr
o
r
=
60
2
.96
.
Statistical Du
rbin
-
W
atso
n
=
2
.04
3
8
8
(
P =
0
.58
8
6
).
Res
id
u
al auto
co
rr
elatio
n
of
L
ag
1 =
-
0
.02
1
9
9
6
7
As
s
how
n
in
ta
ble,
the
K
fact
or,
the
li
fes
pa
n
an
d
the
pro
duct
of
both
have
a
P
-
value
le
ss
than
0.0
5,
ind
ic
at
in
g
with
a
confide
nc
e
le
vel
of
95.
0%,
that
the
re
is
a
sign
ific
ant
correla
ti
on
betwee
n
the
va
riables.
The
r
esp
onse
s
urfaces
ob
ta
in
ed
by
var
yi
ng
the
dif
fer
e
nt
fa
ct
or
s
a
re
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
s
8
-
13
.
I
n
Fi
gure
s
8
-
13
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
start pe
rm
anen
t
-
ma
gnet
-
as
sist
ed
sy
nc
hr
on
ous relucta
nce
m
oto
rs
w
it
h
…
(
Percy R.
Vieg
o
)
657
can
be
obser
ve
d
that
by
va
ryi
ng
t
he
facto
rs
i
n
the
c
on
si
der
e
d
inter
vals,
the
NP
V
al
ways
r
e
m
ai
ns
po
sit
iv
e
an
d
higher
t
han
22
00
USD.
T
his
is
m
ai
nly
du
e
to
the
si
gn
ific
a
nt
dif
fer
e
nce
i
n
ef
fici
ency
be
tween
the
D
O
L
Start
PMa
-
Syn
RM
and
the
IM,
i
n
any
case.
F
or
an
init
ia
l
m
axi
m
u
m
diff
eren
ti
al
cost
of
1715
USD,
w
hich
oc
curs
wh
e
n
t
he
i
niti
al
cost
of
th
e
D
OL
Start
PMa
-
Syn
RM
is
54
00
a
s
how
n
i
n
T
able
4
,
with
a
dif
fer
e
ntial
N
PV
of
no
le
ss
t
han
22
00
U
SD,
it
is
e
vid
e
nt
that
with
wh
at
e
ver
m
a
y
be
t
he
values
(
within
the
i
ndic
at
ed
i
nter
va
ls)
o
f
the 4 fact
or
s
conside
red, the
in
vestm
ent is feasible.
Figure
8.
Esti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
n
inte
rest
rate o
f 15% a
nd a lifes
pa
n of
10 yea
rs
Figure
9.
Esti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
n
inte
rest
rate o
f 15% a
nd a
n
init
ia
l cost
of the
prop
os
e
d
m
oto
r
of 49
04 U
S
D
Figure
10.
E
sti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
K
f
act
or
of 3.4
and a
li
fesp
a
n of
10 ye
ars
Figure
11.
E
sti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
K
f
act
or
of 3.4
and a
n
i
nterest
rate o
f 15%
Figure
12.
E
sti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
p
r
opos
e
d
init
ia
l
m
oto
r
c
os
t
of
4904
USD a
nd a live cy
cl
e o
f
10 yea
rs
Figure
13.
E
sti
m
at
ed
respo
nse
surf
ace
for a
n
init
ia
l
m
oto
r
cost
of 4904
USD a
nd a
K
facto
r of 3
.4
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
NS
A
bi
bliogra
ph
i
c
search
was
c
arr
ie
d
out
on
c
on
st
ru
ct
ive
,
op
erati
on
al
a
nd
e
conom
ic
char
act
erist
ic
s
of
direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
sta
rt
per
m
anen
t
-
m
agn
et
-
assi
ste
d
sync
hronou
s
relucta
nce
m
oto
rs
(
DOL
Start
PMa
-
Sy
nRM),
with
the
pu
rpo
se
of
stu
dyin
g
the
ad
va
ntages
an
d
disad
va
ntages
of
it
s
us
e
to
dr
i
ve
c
on
st
ant
loa
ds
,
inste
ad
of
the
inducti
on
m
oto
r
(I
M).
It
was
sho
wn
t
ha
t
with
certai
n
ne
cessary
co
ns
tr
uctive
m
od
ific
at
ion
s
with
res
pect
to
the
PMa
-
SynR
M
with
fer
rite
,
m
agn
et
s
(u
se
d
with
var
ia
ble
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
dr
i
ve
s
to
sta
rt
and
op
e
rate
with
va
riable
sp
ee
d
loads
),
t
he
D
OL
Start
PMa
-
SynRM
is
con
si
der
a
bly
m
o
re
eff
ic
ie
nt
than
the
IM
and
do
es
no
t
pr
esent
disad
va
ntages
of
operati
on
al
or
econom
ic
i
m
po
rtance.
It
was
evide
n
ced
that
the
m
ai
n
m
od
ifi
cat
ion,
wh
ic
h
is
the
insertio
n
in
th
e
ro
to
r
of
a
sq
ui
rr
el
cage
for
the
sta
rt,
do
e
s
no
t
pro
duce
a
reducti
on
in
the
eff
ic
i
ency
and
i
n
ot
her
operati
onal
val
ue
s
of
im
po
rtan
ce,
since
the
c
age
does
no
t
a
ct
in
a
ste
ady
sta
te
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
:
651
-
659
6
58
(s
= 0
)
.
Ot
her
m
od
ific
at
ion
s, suc
h
as the str
uctu
re of
the roto
r
(sali
ence, flo
w
ba
rr
ie
rs
, shape a
nd p
la
ce
m
ent o
f
m
agn
et
s,
et
c.
) do n
ot int
rod
uc
e n
e
gative
ope
r
at
ion
al
ef
fects
that co
uld
be
sign
i
ficant.
An
e
valuati
on
was
pe
rfor
m
ed
with
th
e
use
of
a
disco
un
t
m
et
ho
d:
the
dif
fer
e
ntial
NP
V;
a
nd
a
sensiti
vity
analy
sis
us
in
g
a
m
ult
il
evel
factor
ia
l
ex
per
i
m
ent
desig
n.
The
st
ud
y
was
app
li
e
d
to
a
resid
ual
pu
m
p
in
the
res
id
uals
sta
tio
n
of
a
sugar
m
i
ll
,
in
wh
ic
h
the
com
par
at
ive
stud
y
was
co
nducte
d.
F
our
exp
e
rim
ental
e
conom
ic
factors
w
hich
pr
ese
nt
the
fun
dam
ental
var
ia
ti
on
:
in
it
ia
l
cost
of
in
ve
st
m
ent,
fu
el
f
act
or
K
(whic
h
infl
uen
ce
s
the
co
st
of
ene
rg
y)
,
interest
rate
and
li
f
es
pan,
wer
e
c
on
si
dered.
F
or
eac
h
of
them
,
a
m
axi
m
u
m
an
d
a
m
ini
m
u
m
value
w
ere
est
ablishe
d
an
d
th
e
m
at
he
m
atical
relat
ion
s
hip
be
tween
the
NPV
an
d
the
four
in
flu
encin
g
facto
rs
was
found
.
I
t
was
dem
on
strat
ed,
us
i
ng
a
sta
nd
ar
dized
Pareto
diag
ra
m
fo
r
the
NPV,
t
hat
the
m
os
t
sig
nificant
facto
r
s
are
the
K
factor
(in
the
ver
y
first
plac
e),
the
li
fesp
a
n
an
d
the
pro
duct
of
bo
t
h.
In
t
he
ca
se
of
the
first,
it
directl
y
aff
e
ct
s
the
pri
ce
of
energy
an
d,
there
fore,
t
he
i
nco
m
e
ob
ta
ine
d
by
t
he
savi
ng
s
ac
hieved.
An
inc
re
ase
o
f
t
hese
fa
ct
or
s
i
ncr
ea
ses
the
NPV.
W
it
h
respo
ns
e
s
ur
faces
that
are
ob
ta
in
ed
with
the
m
ulti
le
vel
factori
al
exp
erim
ent
by
var
yi
ng
th
e
fa
ct
or
s
in
th
e
ranges
co
ns
i
der
e
d,
the
N
PV
al
wa
ys
rem
ai
ns
posit
ive
an
d
high
er
tha
n
2200
USD.
This
is
m
ai
nly
du
e
t
o
the
nota
bl
e
di
f
fer
e
nce
betwee
n
th
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
the
D
OL
Star
t
PMa
-
SynR
M
an
d
the
ef
fi
ci
ency
of
t
he
IM.
C
onseq
uen
tl
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the in
vestm
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e
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ion
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esti
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at
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err
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za
t
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te
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T
ime
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nt
Control
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Sy
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ono
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a
new
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vanc
e
in
elec
tr
ic
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013
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tric
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li
n
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nt
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magnet
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ass
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d
sync
hronous
reluc
tan
ce
machine
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h
f
erri
te
magnets,
"
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43rd
Annual
Confe
renc
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e
ct
r
i
ca
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n
ch
ronous
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uct
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c
e
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otor
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se
it
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4c7b92a
edb
cfd
1
d6c1257899002d9e
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uct
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onous
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an
ce
m
otors
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el
e
ct
ri
c
veh
i
cl
e
app
li
c
ations,
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io
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chr
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u
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ac
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i
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ra
l
design
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on
ous
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uctan
c
e
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d
ran
g
e,
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EE
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ansacti
ons
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ie
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e
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onou
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uctanc
e
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oto
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y
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u
sing
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ane
nt
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agne
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ve
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ct
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in
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li
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r
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her
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iciency
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o
industri
al a
pp
li
c
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Direct
-
on
-
li
ne
-
start pe
rm
anen
t
-
ma
gnet
-
as
sist
ed
sy
nc
hr
on
ous relucta
nce
m
oto
rs
w
it
h
…
(
Percy R.
Vieg
o
)
659
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al
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,
"
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agne
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ono
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uct
an
ce
m
otor
for
m
axi
m
i
ze
d
bac
k
-
e
m
f
and
torque
r
ippl
e
red
uct
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EE Tr
ansacti
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t
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i
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ine
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art
in
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rior
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erma
nent
-
m
agne
t
s
y
n
chr
o
nous
m
otors,
"
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
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Design
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l
i
ne
-
sta
rt
fer
r
it
e
assiste
d
s
y
nc
hronous
r
el
uc
ta
nc
e
m
otor,"
in
XII
I
Int
ernat
ional
Confe
r
ence
on
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tri
cal
Mac
hine
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ICEM)
,
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upoli
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D.
Mingardi
an
d
N.
Bia
nchi
,
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Li
ne
-
st
art
PM
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assisted
sy
n
chr
on
ous
m
otor
d
esig
n,
opti
m
iz
a
ti
on,
and
te
sts,"
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ansacti
ons on Indus
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on
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l
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sy
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u
ct
an
ce
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otor,
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IECON
2017
-
43rd
Annual
C
onfe
renc
e
of
the
IEE
E
Industria
l
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e
ct
ronics
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ie
t
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ps://
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se
arc
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t
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9875
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sis_of
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er_
windin
g_designs_for_dir
ect
-
on
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li
n
e_
s
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onous_re
l
uct
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[25]
Resolut
ion
No.
28
-
2011:
Elec
tric
ra
te
s
for
the
non
-
reside
nt
ia
l
sec
tor,
Ministr
y
of
Fin
ance
and
Price
s,
H
ava
na
,
Jan
2011.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Pe
r
c
y
R.
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li
pe
wa
s
born
in
Cie
nfue
gos,
Cuba
on
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m
ber
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1944.
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ive
d
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S.
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lectr
i
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l
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ing
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sidad
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de
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s
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as,
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,
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n
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ive
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ee
from
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Cent
ral
Univer
s
ida
d
Parti
c
ipated
in
a
pos
tdoc
toral
schola
rship
on
single
-
phase
i
nduct
ion
m
ac
hi
ne
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at
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ta
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sit
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chno
log
y
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la
nd,
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urre
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rg
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Envi
r
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ent
al
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MA
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Fa
cu
lty
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n
ee
r
in
g,
Univer
sid
ad
d
e
Ci
enf
uegos, C
uba
.
Vladimir
Sou
sa
San
tos
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bor
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nfu
egos,
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on
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m
ber
21,
1980.
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e
ive
d
th
e
B.
S
degr
ee
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e
ct
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i
ca
l
Engi
n
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ring
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d
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ra
l
d
e
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a
s
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as,
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a,
i
n
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ec
e
ive
d
the
M.Sc
.
degr
e
e
in
En
erg
y
Eff
i
ci
en
c
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sidad
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nfue
gos,
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i
n
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ce
iv
e
d
the
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.
(Ph.D
.
)
degr
e
e
from
U
nive
rsidad
Cent
r
al
d
e
L
as
Vil
la
s,
Cuba,
in
2
014.
Curre
ntly
is
wit
h
GIO
PEN
of
Ene
rg
y
Depa
r
tment
of
Univer
sidad
de
la
Costa
(CUC),
Colom
bia
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His
are
a
of
int
er
est
inc
lud
es
elec
tri
c
m
ac
hine
s,
powe
r
qualit
y
and ene
r
g
y
eff
i
cienc
y
.
Julio
R.
Gómez
Sard
uy
was
born
in
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in
Cie
nfue
gos,
Cuba.
Re
ce
iv
ed
the
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S
degr
e
e
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
engi
n
e
eri
ng
from
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ersida
d
Cen
tral
de
La
s
Vi
ll
as
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nta
Cl
ara,
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R
ecei
ve
d
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e
e
in
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ectri
ca
l
e
ngine
er
ing
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sidad
Cent
ra
l
de
La
s
Vill
as
,
Santa
Cla
r
a,
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re
he
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ce
iv
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ee
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urre
ntly
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wi
th
the
Cen
te
r
fo
r
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Stud
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Ene
rg
y
and
En
vironment
(CEE
MA
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Facul
t
y
of
Engi
nee
rin
g,
Univer
sidad
de
Cie
nfue
go
s,
C
ienfuegos,
Cuba
.
His
are
a
of
in
terest
includes
ele
ct
ri
c
m
ac
hin
es,
power
qual
i
t
y
a
nd
ene
rg
y
eff
i
ci
en
c
y
in industrial
po
wer
s
y
st
ems
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En
ri
qu
e
C.
Qu
isp
e
.
(M´
95.
SM
’12)
was
born
in
L
ima,
Perú
,
o
n
Janua
r
y
20
,
1956.
He
r
ecei
v
ed
the
B.
Sc
.
in
E
lectr
i
ca
l
E
ngineer
ing
from
the
Univer
sidad
Na
cional
de
Ing
eni
e
ría
,
Perú
in
198
0.
M.Sc.
in
Elec
t
ric
a
l
Engi
n
ee
rin
g,
M.
Eng.
in
Industria
l
Aut
om
at
ion
and
PhD
.
in
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sidad
del
Valle,
Colo
m
bia
in
1994,
1997
and
2011,
r
espe
ctively
.
Sin
ce
1992,
he
has
been
with
Univer
sidad
Autónom
a
de
Occ
ide
nt
e,
Cali,
Colom
bia
,
where
he
is
cur
ren
tly
Full
Profess
or
in
the
Dep
art
m
ent
of
Ene
rg
y
and
Mec
hanics
and
t
he
Dire
ct
or
of
th
e
En
erg
y
Rese
ar
ch
Group.
His
cur
r
ent
r
ese
ar
ch
inte
rests
inc
lud
e
the
ana
l
y
sis
of
e
le
c
tri
c
al
m
ac
h
ine
s
and
driv
es,
pow
er
qual
ity
and
m
an
age
m
ent
and
energ
y
eff
i
cienc
y
.
H
e
is
an
I
EE
E
Sen
ior
Mem
ber
.
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