Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp.
4035
~
40
42
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
4
.
pp
4035
-
40
42
4035
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
A
ne
w structu
re
of a wid
e band
bri
dge pow
er limi
ter
Kha
li
f
a
Ec
hc
h
ak
h
aoui
1
, Elh
as
s
an
e
Abdel
mou
nim
2
, Jam
al Z
bito
u
3
,
Ha
mi
d
Bennis
4
1,2
AS
TI
La
bora
t
or
y
FS
TS,
Hass
an
1
st
Univ
ersity
,
Morocc
o
3
LMEE
T
La
bo
ra
tor
y
,
FS
T
of
Set
t
at
,
Hass
an
1
st
Un
ive
rsit
y
,
Moroc
c
o
4
Gradua
te Schoo
l
of Te
chnol
og
y
of
Mekne
s,
Moula
y
Ism
ai
l
Unive
rsit
y
,
Moroc
co
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
31
, 201
9
Re
vised
Feb
2
5
,
2020
Accepte
d
Ma
r
4
, 2
020
In
thi
s
work,
ne
w
design
and
si
m
ula
ti
on
of
a
m
i
cro
strip
power
lim
it
er
base
d
on
Schott
k
y
dio
de
is
pr
ese
nt
ed.
The
proposed
ci
rcu
it
is
a
ze
ro
bia
s
powe
r
li
m
it
er
bui
lt
b
y
associa
t
ing
a
tr
a
nsm
ission
li
ne
in
par
al
l
el
to
a
f
our
Schott
k
y
rec
t
ifi
er
br
idge
ci
rcu
it
.
Th
e
firs
t
ci
rcu
it
using
a
single
stage
rec
t
ifi
er
is
ana
l
y
z
ed
and
sim
ula
te
d.
To
improve
thi
s
single
stage
,
a
sec
on
d
and
final
li
m
it
er
is
design
ed
with
two
stage
s
rec
ti
f
ie
r
.
Sim
ula
ti
on
result
s
for
the
fina
l
ci
rcu
it
show
an
i
dea
l
l
imite
r
b
eh
avi
or
and
good
per
form
anc
e
of
l
imiti
ng
rate
up
to
20dB
for
a
thr
eshold
inpu
t
power
v
ar
y
ing
from
5
dBm
t
o
30
dBm
.
W
hil
e
inser
ti
on
l
oss
remai
ns l
ow
at
sm
al
l
signa
l.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Mi
cro
strip
Mi
cro
wa
ve p
ower
Power
li
m
it
er
Schott
ky d
i
od
e
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Kh
al
ifa
Echc
ha
kh
a
oui,
AS
T
I
La
borato
ry,
Faculty
of S
ci
e
nces a
nd Tec
hniq
ues,
Hassa
n 1
st
U
ni
ver
sit
y, Sett
at
, M
orocco.
Em
a
il
: k.
echakhao
ui@
gm
ai
l.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
Mi
crowa
ve
syst
e
m
s,
Po
wer
lim
it
ers
pr
e
ven
t
hi
gh
inci
den
t
sig
n
al
fro
m
sat
ur
at
ing
or
dam
aging
sensiti
ve
receivers
su
c
h
a
s
r
ect
enn
a
syst
e
m
s
and
low
noise
am
plifie
r
[1
-
5]
an
d
al
s
o
al
lo
w
the
r
ecei
ve
r
to
functi
on
pr
op
e
rly
in
pr
e
s
ence
of
sm
all
sign
al
s.
T
he
m
os
t
us
ed
lim
it
er
te
chn
ol
ogie
s
are
base
d
on
so
li
d
sta
te
com
po
ne
nts
s
uch
as
P
I
N
diodes
[6
-
8]
,
FET
tra
ns
is
tors
[9
-
12
]
,
a
nd
Sc
hott
ky
di
od
e
s
[13
-
16
]
.
Othe
r
so
luti
ons
to
ac
hieve
po
wer
li
m
it
ers
are
pr
ovide
d
by
MEM
S
com
po
ne
nt
s
[1
7],
vac
uu
m
dio
des
[
18
]
and
gas
discha
rg
e
tu
be
s
[
19
]
.
In
t
h
is
w
ork,
c
omm
ercial
HS
MS286B
Ze
ro
-
Bi
as
Schott
ky
diode
[
20]
are
us
e
d
to
desig
n
a
lo
w
c
ost
m
ic
ro
strip
power
li
m
i
te
r
operati
ng
at
a
frequ
e
ncy
of
2.45
G
H.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
pow
er
lim
it
er
can
redu
c
e
the
am
plit
ud
e
of
a
la
rg
e
in
put
sig
nal
of
30
dBm
by
10
to
20
dB.
Tw
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
c
a
n
b
e
d
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
d
:
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
t
h
a
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
e
l
f
-
b
i
a
s
e
d
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
D
C
b
i
a
s
.
The
pro
posed
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
li
m
it
er
is
a
sel
f
-
bi
ased
li
m
i
te
r
buil
t
on
tw
o
m
ic
ro
strip
li
nes.
Th
e
first
li
nea
r
li
ne
transm
it
s
the
m
a
in
signa
l
wh
il
e
the
ot
her
li
ne
is
as
so
ci
at
ed
to
a
recti
fier
bri
dg
e
con
sti
tute
d
of
four
Schott
ky
diod
es.
Wh
en
a
n
incom
ing
signa
l
exceeds
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diodes
thr
esh
ol
d,
th
e
recti
fier
br
i
dg
e
is
sel
f
-
biased
cau
sing
the
dro
p
of
di
od
e
s
im
ped
an
ce
a
nd
co
nse
quently
a
po
rtion
of
i
nco
m
i
ng
sig
nal
is
di
ver
te
d
to
gro
und.
The
desig
ne
d
ci
rcui
t
has
bee
n
opt
i
m
iz
ed
to
provi
de
m
or
e
than
15dB
at
te
nuat
ion
rate
at
high
sign
a
l
powe
r
w
hile as
su
ri
ng a m
ini
m
um
inser
ti
on
l
oss at
sm
al
l si
gn
al
stat
e.
2.
DESIG
N APP
ROAC
H
A
sim
plest
so
li
d
sta
te
li
m
it
ers
co
ns
ist
s
of
on
e
sta
ge
diodes
or
MESFE
T
tr
ansisto
rs
c
onne
ct
ing
a
li
ne
transm
issi
on
to
gr
ound
as
presente
d
in
Figure
1
[
21]
.
I
n
or
der
t
o
ta
ke
ad
van
ta
ge
of
the
var
ia
ti
on
of
it
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4035
-
4042
4036
i
m
ped
ance
as
a
f
un
ct
io
n
of
t
he
el
ect
ric
c
urr
ent
f
l
ow
i
ng
th
r
ough
it
,
th
e
diode
us
e
d
to
lim
i
t
the
po
wer
is
placed
in
anti
-
pa
rall
el
f
or
m
betwee
n
the
tra
ns
m
issio
n
li
ne
a
nd
th
e
com
m
on
gro
und.
Co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly
,
w
hen
the
inpu
t
powe
r
increa
se
s,
the
diode
im
ped
ance
dro
ps
do
wn,
a
nd
so
m
e
of
the
re
cei
ved
powe
r
is
div
e
rt
ed
t
o
gro
un
d.
These
li
m
it
ers
m
us
t
pr
ese
nt
m
ini
m
al
losses
for
inc
om
ing
sign
al
s
under
certai
n
thre
shold
power,
ho
weve
r
beyo
nd this t
hresh
old
le
vel, losse
s m
us
t be
propo
rtion
al
t
o
t
he
inci
den
t
po
wer
[
22
]
.
Figure
1. Ba
sic
pow
e
r
li
m
i
te
r
topolo
gy
Su
c
h
ci
rc
uit m
us
t be
equip
pe
d wit
h
a
bias volt
age
wh
ic
h
al
lows
t
he dio
de or
t
he
MES
FE
T tran
sist
or
s
to
s
witc
h
to
f
orwa
rd
sta
te
.
T
he
im
ple
m
enta
ti
on
of
a
bias
vo
lt
age
in
m
icr
owa
ve
syst
em
co
uld
ge
ner
at
e
noise
and
be
a
sou
r
ce
of
unc
on
tr
ol
le
d
be
hav
i
or.
Howe
ver,
it
is
possible
to
ge
ner
at
e
t
he
ne
cessary
DC
bi
asi
ng
current
by
ch
oosin
g
Zer
o
-
Bi
a
s
dio
de
s
[21
,
22]
and
usi
ng
a
detect
or
diode
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
2.
T
he
de
te
ct
or
diode
will
tran
sform
a
par
t
of
incident
sig
nal
to
DC
cu
rr
e
nt as
us
e
d
in
rect
enn
a
syst
em
s
[23
,
24
]
.
O
n
the
oth
er
hand, t
he ret
ur
n DC c
urren
t i
s
en
s
ur
e
d by a
n R
F Chok
e
or
by
the li
m
it
er d
iod
e
it
sel
f.
Figure
2.
To
pl
og
y
of zer
o bia
s lim
it
er
In
the
pro
pose
d
ci
rc
uit,
we
use
f
ull
wa
ve
re
ct
ifie
r
bri
dge
c
ircuit
to
po
l
og
i
es
opti
m
iz
ed
f
or
m
ic
ro
wave
ci
rcu
i
t
operati
ng
at
IS
M
ba
nd
a
nd
us
i
ng
f
our
Schott
ky
dio
de
s.
T
his
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
is
wi
de
ly
us
ed
for
rec
te
nn
a
syst
e
m
s
and
f
or
rem
ote
ene
rg
y
harvesti
ng
[25,
26]
an
d
powe
r
detect
or
[
27
]
.
As
m
entione
d
previ
ou
sly
,
we
c
ho
se
the
A
vago
HS
M
S286
B
c
omm
ercial
diode
f
or
validat
io
n
and
desi
gn
of
the
propose
d
ci
rcu
it
.
This
diode is a
su
r
face
-
m
ount
Schott
ky RF
di
od
e
prese
nted
i
n
the
S
OT
23
/
143 pac
ka
ge
[20
]
.
The
HS
M
S28
6x
fam
ily
data
sh
eet
shows
th
at
these
dio
des
are
op
ti
m
iz
ed
fo
r
RF
ap
plica
ti
on
s
f
ro
m
915
MHz
t
o
5.8
G
Hz.
T
he
y
are
us
e
d
for
la
rg
e
si
gn
al
s
detect
ion,
m
odulati
on
a
nd
rec
ti
ficat
ion
of
RF
sign
al
s
[20,
24]
.
Since
A
dvanced
Desi
gn
Syst
e
m
(A
DS)
so
ft
war
e
is
s
uitable
f
or
RF
desig
n
a
nd
na
ti
vely
con
ta
in
s
the
diff
e
ren
t
HS
MS
286x
fam
il
ie
s
in
it
s
li
br
ary,
we
use
d
it
to
validat
e
an
d
si
m
ula
te
the
pro
po
s
ed
ci
rcu
it
.
We
va
li
dated
tw
o
ci
rcu
it
s
in
te
rm
s
of
f
reque
nc
y
band,
inse
rtion
loss
i
n
sm
al
l
sign
al
m
ode
an
d
at
te
nu
at
io
n
rate
wh
e
n
the
po
wer
recei
ved
e
xceeds
the
thre
sh
ol
d
lim
it
of
the
lim
i
te
r.
The
ci
rcu
it
is
design
ed
by
us
in
g
m
ic
ro
strip te
ch
nolo
gy, base
d on FR4
s
ub
st
rat
e w
it
h t
he follo
wing
pa
ram
et
ers:
-
Re
la
ti
ve
diele
ct
ric co
ns
ta
nt:
4.4
-
Substrate
thic
kness:
1.6m
m
-
Diel
ect
ric Lo
s
s
tang
e
nt: 0
.
025
3.
CIRC
UIT O
P
ERA
T
I
ON
The
propose
d
ci
rcu
it
intr
oduc
es
a
ne
w
desi
gn
of
a
so
li
d
st
at
e
power
li
m
i
t
er.
T
he
ci
rc
uit
us
es
a
powe
r
div
ide
r
of
tw
o
li
nes:
T
he
m
a
in
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne
in
pa
rall
el
with
a
sec
ond
li
ne
w
her
e
we
in
sert
a
f
ul
l
wav
e
br
i
dg
e
r
ect
ifie
r
as
dep
ic
te
d i
n Fi
gure
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A n
ew
structu
r
e o
f
a
wi
de
ba
nd
br
id
ge p
ower
li
mite
r
(
Kha
li
fa Ec
hc
ha
k
haoui
)
4037
Figure
3. Ne
w desig
ne
d
to
polog
y
At
low
powe
r
incom
ing
sign
a
l,
the
Scho
tt
ky
dio
d
e
im
ped
ance
rem
ai
ns
ver
y
hig
h
becau
s
e
the
br
id
ge
do
e
sn’t
act
ivate
the
recti
fication
.
Co
ns
e
que
ntly
,
the
inp
ut
sign
al
is
trans
m
itted
to
the
l
oad
with
a
m
i
nim
u
m
insertio
n
loss.
Wh
e
n
the
ci
rc
uit
is
exp
ose
d
to
a
high
am
pl
it
ud
e
sig
nal
w
hich
ex
ceeds
t
he
detect
io
n
th
reshold
of
the
Schott
ky
dio
de
,
a
DC
current
gen
e
r
at
ed
will
force
the
diode
im
ped
ance
t
o
dro
p
do
wn.
As
a
resu
lt
,
par
t
of the i
nci
den
t
sig
nal is de
flect
ed
to
the
gro
und.
In
order
to
inc
rease
the
at
te
nuat
ion
le
vel
of
the
ci
rcu
it
,
the
le
ng
th
of
the
central
li
ne
is
chosen
e
qu
al
to
hal
f
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
wh
il
e
th
e
diodes
are
i
m
planted
at
a
distance
of
ha
lf
wa
velen
gt
h
f
r
om
the
point
of
der
i
vation.
T
hi
s
str
uctu
re
m
a
kes
a
phase
s
hift
of
3λ
/
2
betw
een
t
he
si
gn
al
cro
ssi
ng
the
m
ai
n
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne
and the
sig
nal
cro
ssi
ng the
r
e
ct
ifie
r
bri
dge.
T
h
e
m
i
c
r
o
s
t
r
i
p
l
a
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
s
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
b
e
l
o
w
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
Figure
4. Mi
cr
os
trip
str
uctu
re
of the
circuit
3.1
.
Model
isati
on
of rec
tifier
str
uctu
res
Re
ct
ifie
rs
are
im
ple
m
ented
in
this
lim
i
te
r
cir
cuit
to
ge
ne
ra
te
DC
current
require
d
to
bias
Schott
ky
diode.
Gen
e
ral
ly
,
RF
-
DC
co
nversi
on
ci
rcu
it
s
are
bas
ed
on
Schott
ky
diode
s.
Schott
ky
diodes
are
s
el
ect
ed
due
to
their
low
jun
ct
io
n
cap
aci
ty
and
low
th
r
esh
old
volt
age
.
To
analy
ze
the
recti
fier
str
uctu
re,
we
c
onside
r
the equivale
nt
la
yout of t
he
se
con
d
li
ne
as
presented
in Fi
gu
re
5.
Be
fore
analy
zi
ng
this
ci
rcu
it
,
we
need
to
r
eplace
Schott
ky
dio
des
D
1
to
D4
by
their
equ
ivale
nt
lum
ped
ci
rcu
it
.
Wh
en
di
odes
D1
an
d
D
3
rec
ei
ve
a
posit
ive
half
cy
cl
e
U
p*sin
(ω
t)
,
D2
a
nd
D
4
will
be
unde
r
neg
at
ive
half
c
yc
le
Up
*s
i
n(
ωt
+
)
becau
s
e
th
e
distance
bet
ween
D1
a
nd
D
2
is
equ
al
to
/2.
Since
D1
a
nd
D2
are
in
op
posit
e
each
to
ot
her,
they
will
bo
th
be
in
f
orward
bias,
w
hile
D3
a
nd
D
4
wi
ll
be
in
rev
e
rs
e
bias.
This
ab
ove
de
scriptio
n
will
be
ap
plied
for
the
ne
gative
c
yc
le
of
the
si
gnal
reac
hing
th
e
diodes
D1
a
nd
D
3.
In
this
sit
uatio
n,
di
od
e
s
D
3
and
D4
will
be
the
forw
a
rd
i
ng
sta
te
an
d
the
diodes
D1
and
D2
will
be
i
n
the
re
verse st
at
e.
In
concl
us
io
n,
the f
ull wa
ve
bri
dge can
be
re
placed b
y t
w
o
diodes at fo
r
w
ard
i
ng
stat
e an
d
two dio
des
at
rev
er
se
sta
te
.
He
nce
the
br
i
dg
e
i
n
Fig
ure
5
is
eq
uiv
al
e
nt
to
the
ci
rc
uit
pr
ese
nted
i
n
Fi
gure
6.
I
n
Fi
gure
6,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4035
-
4042
4038
Z
F
sta
nd
s
for
the
eq
uiv
al
e
nt
i
m
ped
ance
of
Sc
hott
ky
diode
at
for
wardin
g
sta
te
and
Z
R
sta
nds
f
or
the
equ
i
valent
i
m
ped
ance
of
Schott
ky
diode
at
rev
erse
sta
te
.
Figure
7
s
hows
a
si
m
plifie
d
eq
uiv
al
ent
ci
rcu
it
of
a Schott
ky
diode in
forwa
rd a
nd r
e
verse
bias stat
e.
Figure
5. Sec
ond l
ine lay
out
Figure
6. Eq
ui
valent circ
uit o
f
f
ull wa
ve b
ridg
e
(a)
(b)
Figure
7. Sim
plifie
d
eq
uiv
al
e
nt circ
uit o
f
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diode
unde
r (a)
forwar
d
a
nd (b) re
verse bias
Wh
e
re:
R
s
: series resist
ance
R
j
: var
ia
ble
res
ist
ance as a f
unct
ion
of cu
rr
e
nt
f
lo
wing th
rou
gh the
diode
C
j
: t
he
ju
nction ca
pacit
y
4.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
4.1.
Circui
t
w
ith
one st
age
The
ci
rcu
it
pr
e
sented
in
Fig
ure
4
has
bee
n
op
ti
m
iz
ed
and
validat
e
d
us
in
g
ADS
s
oft
wa
re.
Fig
ure
8
sh
ows t
he
s
-
pa
ram
et
ers
si
m
ul
at
ion
.
T
he ou
t
put p
ow
e
r vers
us i
nput po
wer
i
s p
re
sente
d
in
Figure
9.
At an i
nput
powe
r of
30dB
m
, th
e lim
it
ing
r
at
e is al
m
os
t 12dB.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A n
ew
structu
r
e o
f
a
wi
de
ba
nd
br
id
ge p
ower
li
mite
r
(
Kha
li
fa Ec
hc
ha
k
haoui
)
4039
Figure
8. S
-
pa
r
a
m
et
ers
si
m
ulati
on
Figure
9. O
utput p
ower
v
e
rs
us I
nput
powe
r a
t 2.45
Ghz
S
-
pa
ram
et
ers
si
m
ulati
on
il
lustrate
d
in
Fi
gure
5
s
hows
t
ha
t
the
lim
it
er
has
go
od
m
atch
in
g
in
pu
t
i
m
ped
ance
in
the
IS
M
ba
nd.
The
inse
rtion
loss
is
est
ablishe
d
at
appr
oxi
m
at
ely
0.
9
dB
fr
om
2
to
4
GHz
.
Howe
ver, this
structu
re
has
c
ertai
n
li
m
it
at
io
ns
:
-
High
li
m
it
ing
powe
r
th
res
ho
l
d: the de
vice
blo
ck
h
i
gh po
we
r
in
put si
gnal
it
r
eac
hes 10dB
m
.
-
Atte
nu
at
io
n o
bt
ai
ned
at la
r
ge si
gn
al
(12 dB a
t Pin=3
0 dBm
)
is n
ot s
uffici
ent to p
ro
te
ct
se
ns
it
ive
dev
ic
es
.
In
orde
r
t
o
ov
e
rco
m
e
the
ab
ove
m
entione
d
l
i
m
i
ta
ti
on
s,
we
hav
e
de
sig
ned
a
seco
nd
ci
rc
ui
t
consi
sti
ng
of
two
recti
fyi
ng
bri
dges.
4.2.
Circui
t
w
ith
tw
o
st
ages
The
im
pr
ov
e
d
ci
rcu
it
is
form
ed
by
tw
o
rect
ifie
r
bri
dges
in
par
al
le
l
with
a
m
ic
ro
strip
tr
ansm
issi
on
li
ne.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
the
antid
op
al
l
ines
are
r
eplac
ed
by
a
sem
ic
i
rcle
in
orde
r
to
reduce
ci
rc
uit
dim
ension
.
T
he
final
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
S
-
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
t
s
m
a
l
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
d
l
i
m
i
t
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
si
m
ulati
on
s at
high in
put p
ow
er ar
e
prese
nte
d
in
Fig
ure
11.
Figure
10. Fi
na
l ci
rcu
it
w
it
h t
wo r
ect
ifie
rs
br
idg
es
(2 sta
ges
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4035
-
4042
4040
(a)
(b)
Figure
11. (a)
S
-
pa
ram
et
ers
si
m
ulati
on
(b)
Ou
t
pu
t
Powe
r vs
Inp
ut P
ow
e
r
at [
2.05,
2.65
]
GH
z
The
two
-
sta
ge
ci
rcu
it
has
a
bette
r
isolat
ion
rate
com
par
ed
to
t
he
s
ing
le
-
sta
ge
ci
r
cuit,
w
hile
the inse
rtio
n
lo
ss r
em
ai
ns
in
t
he
sam
e level
:
-
Broa
db
a
nd
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
range
of
1GHz
from
2
to 3.
6 GH
z
-
Lo
w
inse
rtio
n
l
os
s
(
-
0.9 dB)
-
The
is
olati
on ra
te
r
eache
s
23
dB at
2.45 G
H
z.
5.
COMP
AR
I
S
ON
T
O SIMI
LAR
LI
MITE
R
I
N
LIT
ER
ATU
RE
T
a
b
l
e
1
s
um
m
a
r
i
z
e
s
a
c
om
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
w
i
t
h
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
i
n
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
I
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
a
s
m
a
l
l
-
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
ns
e
r
t
i
o
n
l
o
s
s
b
e
l
o
w
1
d
B
a
n
d
a
n
a
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n
u
p
t
o
2
3
d
B
o
v
e
r
1
.
6
G
H
z
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
.
I
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
3
0
d
B
m
e
x
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
M
M
I
C
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
[
2
8
]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
ne
a
r
l
y
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
,
b
u
t
w
i
t
h
a
v
e
r
y
s
m
a
l
l
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
3
0
0
M
H
z
)
.
W
h
i
l
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
[
2
9
]
a
n
d
Z
h
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
M
M
I
C
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
l
o
w
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
[
30]
.
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
he pr
opos
e
d
c
ircuit
and sim
ilar
ci
rc
uits in li
te
ratur
e
The p
rop
o
sed
cir
c
u
it
Ref
erence
[
2
8
]
Ref
erence
[
2
9
]
Ref
erence
[
3
0
]
Descripti
o
n
and
dev
ices
u
sed
Plan
ar
ci
rcuit b
ase
d
o
n
Scho
ttk
y
d
io
d
e
Co
n
tig
u
o
u
s
-
Ch
an
n
el
Do
u
b
le M
u
ltip
lex
er
Top
o
lo
g
y
.
1
8
0
n
m
Si
GeBiC
MOS
Techn
o
lo
g
y
Balan
ced Li
m
iter
ass
o
ciated to
L
o
w
No
ise
A
m
p
lif
ier
ch
ip
Frequ
en
cy
ban
d
2
-
3
.6 GHz
1
-
1
.3 GHz
4
-
6
GHz
8
-
1
2
GHz
Ins
ertion
los
s
-
0
.9 d
B
-
1
.8 d
B
-
2
dB
NA
Ref
lectio
n
r
ate
-
1
1
dB
-
1
5
dB
-
1
0
dB
-
7
.8 d
B
Li
m
itat
io
n
r
ate
2
3
dB
2
2
dB
1
3
.6 d
B
NA
Maxi
m
u
m
inp
u
t po
wer
3
0
dB
m
3
0
d
B
m
2
0
dB
m
4
3
dB
m
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
w
ork,
w
e
ha
ve
desi
gn
e
d
a
nd
validat
ed
by
sim
ulati
on
two
m
ic
ro
strip
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
power
lim
it
er
ci
rcu
it
s
base
d
on
Zer
o
-
Bi
as
Schott
ky
di
od
e
s.
At
sm
al
l
sign
al
pow
er,
t
he
lim
i
te
r
based
on
one
sta
ge
r
ect
ifie
r
br
i
dg
e
per
m
it
s
a
ver
y
low
i
ns
erti
on
los
s
arou
nd
0.9
dB
ov
e
r
2
-
4GHz.
At
High
po
we
r
input,
this
ci
rcu
it
pr
ese
nts
a
li
m
itati
on
of
12dB
.
To
im
pr
ove
th
e
isolat
ion
at
hi
gh
si
gn
al
,
a
t
wo
recti
fier
bri
dg
e
sta
ges
lim
i
te
r
has
been
desig
ne
d
and
validat
ed
.
This
lim
it
er
pr
esents
quasi
-
i
de
al
lim
iting
po
wer
c
har
act
eri
sti
c
and
achie
ve
s
23
dB
of
is
olati
on
rate
an
d
a
lim
it
ing
po
we
r
th
res
ho
l
d
observ
e
d
at
0dB
m
.
The
dim
ension
s
of
t
he
l
ay
ou
t
gen
e
rat
ed
for t
his circ
uit are
58.54 mm
x
37
.05 mm
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
have
to
than
k
M
r.
A
ngel
Me
diavill
a
Pr
ofess
or
at
t
he
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
Ca
ntab
ria
i
n
Sa
ntan
de
r,
Sp
ai
n,
for
his
s
upport
to
this
pro
j
ect
by
giv
in
g
us
the
oppo
rtun
it
y
to
us
e
the
equ
ipm
ent
and
so
ft
wa
re
a
vaila
ble
in h
is
lab
or
at
ory
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A n
ew
structu
r
e o
f
a
wi
de
ba
nd
br
id
ge p
ower
li
mite
r
(
Kha
li
fa Ec
hc
ha
k
haoui
)
4041
REFERE
NCE
S
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sign
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ple
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ent
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W
ave
guide
Filt
e
r
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High
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r
Li
m
it
er
,
”
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rn
ati
onal Journal of
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ie
nt
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c
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agne
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li
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t
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e
ct
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n
P
r
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c
.
O
f
t
h
e
4
t
h
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n
t
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c
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n
f
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n
S
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l
a
r
P
o
w
e
r
f
r
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m
S
p
a
c
e
-
S
P
S
’
0
4
,
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
5
t
h
I
n
t
.
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
W
i
r
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l
e
s
s
P
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
m
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s
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W
P
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5
,
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4
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5
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0
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T
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,
“
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8
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z
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ss
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nsm
issio
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rnational
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nal
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al
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N.
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A.
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m
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“
2.
45
GH
z
wea
ra
ble
re
ct
en
na
ar
r
a
y
design
for
m
ic
rowave
ene
rg
y
har
vesti
ng
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
9
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t
ifi
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r
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uit
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gura
ti
ons
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ve
Po
wer
Tra
nsm
issionS
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stem
Opera
ti
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S
Band,
”
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rnational
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urnal
of
El
ec
tr
ic
al
and
Computer
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nee
rin
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,
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rowave
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“
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ow
ave
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imite
r
Design
in
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nm
SiGe
BiCMO
S
Te
chnol
og
y
,
”
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Ur
al
Sy
mpos
ium
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omedic
al
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ring,
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ctr
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s
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EIT)
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e
Am
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fie
r
Chip,”
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Inte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
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rowave
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li
me
te
r Wa
ve Tec
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ICMMT)
,
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1
–
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4035
-
4042
4042
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Khali
fa
Echch
akh
aoui
was
b
orn
in
BenGué
r
ir,
Moroc
co,
in
1971.
He
is
a
Ph.D.
studen
t.
His
rese
arc
h
in
terests
inc
lud
e
m
odel
ing
,
design
a
nd
rea
l
iz
a
ti
on
of
m
ic
rowave
power
cont
ro
l
an
d
prote
c
tor
s
y
stem
s.He
rec
e
ive
d
th
e
Engi
ne
er
degr
e
e
in
Com
pute
r
Scie
n
ce
and Te
l
ecom
m
unic
at
ion
from
the
Nati
onal
Pos
t
and
Te
lecom
m
unic
at
i
on
Instit
ute,
Ra
bat
,
Moroc
c
o,
i
n
1995.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
R
esponsible
of
Core
engi
nee
r
ing
Depa
rtment
at
Morocc
o
Te
lecom
.
He
is
invol
ved
in
the
d
esign
and
evol
ut
ion
of
Mobile
Networ
ks
Soluti
on
an
d
the
impleme
nta
ti
on
of
5G
te
chno
log
y
.
Elhas
san
e
Ab
d
el
moun
im
rec
e
ive
d
his
PhD
in
appl
ie
d
Spe
ct
ra
l
ana
l
y
sis
f
rom
Li
m
oge
s
Univer
sit
y
at
sc
i
enc
e
and
techni
ca
l
Facult
y
,
Fra
nce
in
1994
.
In
1996,
he
jo
ine
d,
as
Profess
or,
the
app
li
ed
ph
ysics
depa
rtmen
t
of
the
sc
ie
nc
e
a
nd
te
chn
ical
f
acult
y
of
Hass
an
1st
Univer
sit
y
,
Sett
at
,
Moroc
co.
His
cur
ren
t
res
ea
rch
intere
sts
i
ncl
ude
d
igi
t
al
si
gnal
proc
essing
and
m
ac
hin
e
le
arn
ing.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
coor
di
nat
or
of
a
Bac
h
el
or
of
Scie
nc
e
in
el
ec
tr
ical
en
gine
er
ing
and
rese
arc
h
er
in
“
AS
TI”
S
y
stem
Anal
y
s
is
and
Info
rm
at
ion
Technol
og
y
L
abor
a
tor
y
at
sci
enc
e
and
te
chn
ic
a
l
f
ac
ul
t
y,
Hass
an
1st
Uni
ver
sit
y
,
Settat
,
Morocc
o.
Jamal
Z
bitou
was
born
in
Fe
s,
Morocc
o,
in
June
1976.
He
rec
e
ive
d
th
e
Ph.D.
degr
e
e
in
el
e
ct
roni
cs
from
Pol
y
t
ec
h
of
Na
nte
s,
the
Univ
er
sit
y
of
Nant
es,
Nante
s,
Franc
e,
in
2005.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
an
associate
Profess
or
of
El
ec
t
ronic
s
i
n
FS
T,
Univer
sit
y
Hass
an
1st,
Settat,
Moroc
co
and
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
Com
puti
ng
Net
works
and
t
el
e
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
i
n
LMEET
L
abo
rat
or
y
in
FS
TS.
He
is
invol
ve
d
in
the
d
esi
gn
of
h
y
br
id,
m
onoli
thi
c
a
ct
iv
e
and
pass
ive
m
i
cro
wave
el
e
ct
roni
c ci
rcu
its
.
Hami
d
Benn
is
was
born
in
Mekne
s,
Morocc
o
,
in
Septe
m
ber
1977.
He
recei
v
ed
the
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
Com
pute
r
Scie
nc
e
and
Tele
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Moham
m
ed
V
Agdal
,
Raba
t
,
Morocc
o
,
in
2011.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
a
Pr
ofe
ss
or
of
Comput
er
Sci
enc
e
a
nd
Com
puti
ng
Network
in
Gradua
t
e
School
of
Te
chnol
og
y
of
Mekne
s
(EST
-
Mekne
s),
Moula
y
Ism
ai
l
Univer
sit
y
,
Mek
nes,
Morocc
o.
He
is
invol
ved
in
the
design
of
h
y
brid
,
m
onoli
t
hic
active
an
d
passive
m
ic
rowa
ve
e
lectr
oni
c ci
r
cui
ts.
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