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i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
d
o
w
n
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
atio
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
(
MR
T
B
F),
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
(
Z
FB
F),
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
(
MM
SEB
F)
ar
e
a
b
le
to
m
i
tig
a
te
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
lo
w
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ates.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ele
m
en
ts
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
(
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
itte
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
)
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
1/
M
if
th
e
B
S
h
as
p
er
f
ec
t
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
(
C
SI)
an
d
b
y
√
if
t
h
e
B
S
h
as
i
m
p
er
f
ec
t
C
SI,
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
a
s
lig
h
t
lo
s
s
i
n
da
ta
r
ates
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Ma
s
s
iv
e
M
I
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
a
n
e
w
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
ce
llu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
E
E
ca
n
b
e
o
p
tim
al
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
→
∞
w
it
h
o
u
t a
c
co
u
n
ti
n
g
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
cir
c
u
it
p
o
w
er
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iated
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t c
an
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
al
lo
ca
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
Do
w
n
li
n
k
ce
ll
u
lar
m
ass
iv
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
ce
lls
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
B
S
co
n
tain
s
an
d
ev
er
y
ce
ll
u
s
e
s
an
ten
n
a
s
t
h
at
s
er
v
e
m
a
n
y
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
.
E
v
er
y
B
S
s
e
n
d
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
at
a
s
y
m
b
o
ls
to
ev
er
y
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
th
e
j
o
in
t
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
s
in
co
h
er
e
n
t,
w
h
ich
b
ec
o
m
e
s
less
co
m
p
lica
ted
th
a
n
co
h
er
en
t j
o
in
t tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l f
o
r
u
s
er
s
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
,
∑
√
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
it p
o
w
er
f
o
r
ev
er
y
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ea
ch
ac
ti
v
e
u
s
er
s
(
UE
s
)
r
ec
eiv
e
s
f
r
o
m
all
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S,
w
h
ich
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al,
i
n
ter
f
e
r
e
n
ce
an
d
n
o
i
s
e
ca
n
w
r
itte
n
as
∑
√
⏟
∑
∑
√
⏟
⏟
(
2
)
Her
e,
th
e
li
n
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
v
ec
to
r
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
m
itted
t
o
e
v
er
y
UE
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
a
y
lo
ad
s
y
m
b
o
l
u
s
er
in
s
id
e
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
c
ell,
th
e
u
n
it
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
‖
‖
,
an
d
]
is
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
B
S
to
ev
er
y
UE
u
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
,
th
e
B
S
u
s
es
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
to
e
s
ti
m
ate
an
d
p
r
ec
o
d
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al;
let
b
e
th
e
lin
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
m
atr
ix
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
B
S
an
d
UE
,
an
d
is
ad
d
itiv
e
w
h
i
te
Ga
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e.
Th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
t p
o
w
er
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t u
s
er
s
at
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
a
y
lo
ad
s
y
m
b
o
l f
r
o
m
B
S to
u
s
e
r
s
is
√
(
3
)
T
o
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
a
n
d
n
o
i
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
s
ig
n
a
l
to
m
a
n
y
u
s
er
s
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
ce
ll,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it p
o
w
er
i
n
ter
m
i
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
∑
∑
√
(
4
)
T
h
e
m
as
s
iv
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
en
d
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
p
o
w
er
to
e
v
er
y
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
,
ta
k
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
at
p
o
w
er
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
allo
ca
ted
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
e
ip
t
o
f
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
n
o
is
e
r
a
tio
(
SIN
R
)
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
UE
s
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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C
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N:
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Ma
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fo
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(
5
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T
h
e
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(
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(
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6
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w
h
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b
an
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h
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T
o
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ec
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d
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
p
r
ef
ec
t
C
SI
[
7
]
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
7
)
I
n
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
e
v
e
r
y
u
s
er
est
i
m
ate
s
t
h
e
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r
r
elate
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al,
an
d
t
h
e
SIN
R
o
f
u
s
er
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
Z
FB
F
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
Z
F
h
as
lo
w
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
v
er
y
c
lo
s
e
to
th
at
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
li
k
eli
h
o
o
d
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
at
h
ig
h
a
n
d
lo
w
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
s
(
SN
R
)
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
d
ata
r
ate
m
u
lti
u
s
er
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
is
g
i
v
e
n
as
(
(
)
)
(
8
)
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
m
atr
i
x
t
h
eo
r
y
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
B
S
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
a
m
ass
iv
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
i
s
g
iv
e
n
by
(
(
)
)
(
)
(
9
)
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
ze
r
o
f
o
r
ce
s
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
to
u
s
e
p
er
f
e
ct
C
SI,
w
h
ich
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
a
d
ata
r
ate
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
w
h
en
,
th
e
d
ata
r
ate
p
er
u
s
er
[
1
4
]
as
f
o
r
all
u
s
er
s
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
,
an
d
Gau
s
s
ia
n
n
o
i
s
e
is
1
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
p
er
f
ec
t
C
SI
at
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
ad
o
p
ts
Z
F,
w
h
ich
ca
n
ce
l
s
th
e
i
n
tr
ac
ell
i
n
ter
f
er
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n
ce
;
let
u
s
d
e
n
o
te
th
a
t
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
)
∑
(
)
*
(
)
+
(
1
0
)
2
.
1
.
E
nerg
y
E
f
f
iciency
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
o
b
tai
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
o
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er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
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n
w
h
ile
ac
h
ie
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in
g
a
h
ig
h
d
ata
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ate
b
y
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in
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
as
i
n
th
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
m
u
ltip
le
ce
ll
u
l
ar
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
ro
ble
m
:
T
o
o
b
tain
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
u
t
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t to
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
d
ata
r
ate
p
er
u
s
er
w
h
e
n
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
t
h
e
ce
ll
w
h
ile
c
h
ec
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
an
n
e
l
esti
m
ate
i
s
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
r
eq
u
ir
es
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
h
o
w
m
an
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
nu
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
u
s
er
s
s
c
h
ed
u
led
in
ea
ch
ce
ll.
T
o
o
b
tain
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
,
o
n
e
n
ee
d
s
to
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
w
h
en
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
i
s
f
i
x
ed
at
to
(
∞
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
2
)
(
(
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(
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
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Vo
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6
,
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b
er
2
0
1
7
:
2
9
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7
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2980
2
.
2
.
M
ini
m
ize
Co
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ptio
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ase
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1
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[
3
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,
f
r
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1
5
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w
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6
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m
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S
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at
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tr
a
n
s
m
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p
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p
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li
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k
f
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g
iv
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n
b
y
∑
(
1
8
)
w
h
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t
h
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p
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co
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s
u
m
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in
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s
er
,
r
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f
f
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f
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.
T
h
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l s
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n
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h
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s
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s
cillato
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s
ar
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g
iv
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n
b
y
(
1
9
)
w
h
er
e,
r
ep
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s
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t c
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ir
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it p
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.
B
ased
o
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(
1
4
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,
th
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p
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t
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p
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ex
p
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(
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2
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)
w
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m
a
x
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m
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lifie
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tr
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21)
w
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p
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n
d
D
C
-
D
C
co
n
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ter
lo
s
s
.
Fro
m
(
1
4
)
,
th
e
to
tal
p
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w
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co
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s
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m
ed
in
ter
m
s
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ADC/
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(
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∑
(
2
2
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w
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ep
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f
f
ic
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ter
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f
b
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th
d
ec
o
d
in
g
a
n
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co
d
in
g
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Ma
ximizi
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g
E
n
erg
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E
fficien
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fo
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u
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it
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2
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g
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2
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T
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2
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b
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Fro
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2
8
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,
in
th
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w
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an
s
m
itted
s
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n
al
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
o
an
al
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ze
t
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s
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itted
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b
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ess
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
J
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C
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Vo
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7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
2
9
7
7
–
2
9
8
5
2982
(
2
9
)
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
is
i
n
v
er
s
el
y
p
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m
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itted
p
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n
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p
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tio
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ten
n
as
M
a
n
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s
K
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h
er
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o
r
e,
t
o
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ed
u
c
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
,
w
e
ca
n
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
to
av
o
id
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
co
n
s
u
m
ed
p
o
w
er
,
∑
∑
(
3
0
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
cir
cu
i
ts
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
E
E
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
s
in
th
e
B
S
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
ex
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
t
h
eo
r
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
l
in
ea
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
,
an
d
[
1
8
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
B
S
ap
p
lies
a
lin
ea
r
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
to
d
is
cr
im
in
ate
t
h
e
s
i
g
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al
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
y
ea
ch
ter
m
i
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f
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t
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ter
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er
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ig
n
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s
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d
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i
tter
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at
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g
e
n
er
ated
at
th
e
B
S
u
s
in
g
a
li
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ea
r
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
,
w
h
ich
m
ax
i
m
ize
s
t
h
e
EE
[
1
9
]
.
P
ro
po
s
it
io
n
1
.
Fo
r
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
lin
ea
r
p
r
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s
s
in
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p
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tio
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w
it
h
M
an
d
K
is
{
(
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(
3
1
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w
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th
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h
a
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n
el
co
h
er
en
ce
ti
m
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i
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s
,
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t
h
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co
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e
n
ce
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
is
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
tr
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s
m
itted
,
an
d
is
th
e
co
h
er
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
al
g
iv
e
n
as
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
B
S
h
as
to
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
all
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
a
l
v
ec
to
r
s
a
n
d
c
h
o
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th
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b
est
o
n
e
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
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n
u
m
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o
f
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te
n
n
as
o
f
t
h
e
B
S
an
d
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
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ac
ti
v
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s
w
h
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s
h
o
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ld
b
e
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ch
ed
u
led
in
ea
ch
ce
ll
in
s
id
e
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
(
3
1
)
,
w
h
er
e
is
in
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
lo
ca
l c
ell
.
Fro
m
P
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
1
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
i
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
b
o
th
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
as
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
ized
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
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c
y
ca
n
b
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ex
p
r
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ed
as
(
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∑
(
(
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)
∑
∑
⏟
(
)
⏟
(
)
(
(
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)
⏟
(
3
2
)
3.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
w
h
e
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
an
ten
n
a
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
tr
an
s
m
itt
ed
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
ar
r
a
y
g
ai
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
li
n
ea
r
l
y
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ar
r
a
y
g
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
n
d
er
m
as
s
iv
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ile
th
e
li
n
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
af
ter
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
to
100
M
is
s
til
l
s
a
tu
r
ate
d
.
T
h
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
ar
r
ay
g
ai
n
w
il
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
Qo
S
an
d
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
e
le
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
li
n
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
an
d
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
al
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
t
ate
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
el
an
d
a
v
ailab
le
o
p
ti
m
al
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
.
Me
a
n
w
h
il
e,
w
e
ta
k
e
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
g
ai
n
;
i
n
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
e
tter
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
alit
y
b
et
w
ee
n
ch
a
n
n
el
s
f
o
r
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
a
l
to
m
an
y
u
s
er
s
K
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ar
r
a
y
g
a
in
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
c
u
r
cit
p
o
w
er
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
w
it
h
p
er
f
ec
t
C
SI
ch
an
g
es
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
a
s
M
,
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
in
ea
ch
ce
ll
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
MM
SE
g
iv
e
s
a
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate,
m
o
r
e
th
an
Z
F
a
n
d
MR
T
.
W
e
ca
n
s
tate
th
at
MM
SE
an
d
Z
F
ar
e
ab
le
to
w
o
r
k
at
h
i
g
h
SIN
R
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
ar
r
a
y
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
an
ten
n
as
w
i
ll
o
n
l
y
e
n
h
an
ce
t
h
e
SIN
R
.
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
M
=1
4
0
,
th
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
d
ata
r
ate
s
tar
ts
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
led
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
r
es
an
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
in
ea
c
h
ce
ll.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Ma
ximizi
n
g
E
n
erg
y
E
fficien
cy
fo
r
C
o
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
C
ir
cu
it P
o
w
er in
Do
w
n
lin
k
Ma
s
s
ive
MIM
O
….
(
A
d
ee
b
S
a
lh
)
2983
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
E
clea
r
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
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h
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o
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in
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t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
f
o
r
u
s
e
w
it
h
li
n
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
MM
SE,
w
h
ich
o
b
tain
m
ax
i
m
u
m
E
E
at
an
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
a
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
f
o
r
Z
F
tech
n
iq
u
es,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
E
E
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
p
tim
a
l
an
ten
n
a
s
an
d
MRT
at
.
F
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
h
i
g
h
E
E
,
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
w
ill
b
eg
i
n
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
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ec
au
s
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o
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t
h
e
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n
cr
ea
s
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g
n
u
m
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er
o
f
a
n
ten
n
as
at
th
e
B
S.
T
h
e
MM
SE
g
i
v
es
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etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
MM
SE
i
s
ab
le
to
m
ak
e
t
h
e
m
as
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iv
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
t
e
m
le
s
s
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
to
SN
R
at
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
ab
le
d
at
a
r
ates c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Z
F a
n
d
MRT
,
w
h
er
e
an
MM
SE
an
d
Z
F a
r
e
ab
le
to
w
o
r
k
at
h
i
g
h
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R
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
E
E
f
ir
s
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
an
d
t
h
e
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
it
h
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
ten
n
as,
w
h
ic
h
m
ax
i
m
ize
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
t
p
o
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er
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h
e
n
ta
k
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n
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in
to
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o
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n
t
t
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n
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m
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tio
n
cir
cu
i
t
p
o
w
er
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
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n
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id
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e
ce
ll
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
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d
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
w
er
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n
s
u
m
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t
io
n
,
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h
ich
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tes t
h
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en
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en
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o
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co
n
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v
e
s
h
ap
e
f
o
r
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E
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
An
ten
n
a
ar
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y
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ain
w
it
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
ice
an
ten
n
ae
M
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Av
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ag
e
d
ata
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ate
w
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th
n
u
m
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er
o
f
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n
te
n
n
a
s
M
Fig
u
r
e
3.
E
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
w
i
th
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
L
i,
e
t
a
l,
―
En
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
w
irele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s:
t
u
t
o
rial,
su
rv
e
y
,
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
iss
u
e
s,‖
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
2
0
1
1
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
35.
[2
]
Z.
X
u
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
En
e
rg
y
-
e
f
f
i
c
ien
t
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
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sp
a
ti
a
l
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
in
M
IM
O
-
OFDM
A
s
y
ste
m
s
,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
2
0
1
3
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
4
-
5
7
5
.
[3
]
E.
Bjö
r
n
so
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
De
sig
n
i
n
g
m
u
lt
i
-
u
se
r
M
IM
O
fo
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
ic
ien
c
y
:
W
h
e
n
is
ma
ss
ive
M
IM
O
th
e
a
n
swe
r?
,
”
In
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E.
W
CNC
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
4
2
-
2
4
7
.
[4
]
S
.
K.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
P
e
r
-
a
n
ten
n
a
c
o
n
sta
n
t
e
n
v
e
lo
p
e
p
re
c
o
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
lar
g
e
m
u
lt
i
-
u
se
r
M
IM
O
s
y
ste
m
s
,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
2
0
1
3
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
9
-
1
0
7
1
.
[5
]
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
in
g
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
re
latio
n
s
f
o
r
g
re
e
n
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
d
e
sig
n
,
‖
IEE
E.
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s
.
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
5.
[6
]
Y.
P
e
i,
e
t
al
,
“
Ho
w
ma
n
y
RF
c
h
a
i
n
s
a
re
o
p
ti
m
a
l
f
o
r
l
a
rg
e
-
sc
a
le
M
IM
O
sy
ste
ms
wh
e
n
c
irc
u
it
p
o
we
r
i
s
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
?
,
”
IEE
E.
I
n
G
lo
b
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(GL
OBECOM),
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
8
6
8
-
3
8
7
3
.
[7
]
H.Q.
Ng
o
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
sp
e
c
tral
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
v
e
r
y
lar
g
e
m
u
lt
iu
se
r
M
IM
O
sy
ste
m
s,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
2
0
1
3
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
6
-
1
4
4
9
.
[8
]
H.
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
T
o
t
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
Ef
fi
c
ien
c
y
o
f
c
e
ll
u
la
r
l
a
rg
e
sc
a
le a
n
t
e
n
n
a
sy
ste
m
mu
lt
i
p
le
a
c
c
e
ss
mo
b
i
le
n
e
two
rk
s,”
I
n
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E
On
li
n
e
G
re
e
n
Co
m
m
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
3
2
.
[9
]
E.
Bjö
r
n
so
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
O
p
ti
m
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
m
u
lt
i
-
u
se
r
M
IM
O
sy
ste
m
s:
Is
m
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
th
e
a
n
sw
e
r
?
,
‖
IEE
E.
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
5
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
9
-
3
0
7
5
.
[1
0
]
H.V
.
Ch
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
M
a
ss
ive
M
I
M
O
a
t
n
ig
h
t:
On
t
h
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
ss
ive
M
I
M
O
in
lo
w
tra
ff
ic
sc
e
n
a
rio
s,
”
IEE
E.
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s (ICC).
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
7
-
1
7
0
2
.
[1
1
]
N.
Jin
d
a
l,
“
Hi
g
h
S
N
R
a
n
a
lys
is
o
f
M
IM
O
b
ro
a
d
c
a
st
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls,
”
in
P
r
o
c
.
IEE
E
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
(IS
IT
),
p
p
.
2
3
1
0
-
2
3
1
4
,
A
d
e
laid
e
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
2
]
A
.
M
.
T
u
li
n
o
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
Ra
n
d
o
m
M
a
tri
x
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,‖
N
o
w
P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs
In
c
.
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
3
]
A
.
P
it
a
ro
k
o
i
li
s,
e
t
a
l
,
―
Up
li
n
k
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
ti
m
e
-
re
v
e
rs
a
l
M
RC
in
m
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
s
y
ste
m
s
su
b
jec
t
t
o
p
h
a
se
n
o
ise
,
‖
IEE
E
.
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
2
0
1
5
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
1
1
-
7
2
3
.
[1
4
]
Y
.
Zh
o
u
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
Qo
S
-
a
w
a
r
e
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
s
y
ste
m
s
in
5
G
,
‖
in
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(
W
CS
P),
Oc
t.
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
5.
[1
5
]
Y.G
.
L
i
m
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
m
a
ss
i
v
e
M
IM
O
f
o
r
c
e
ll
-
b
o
u
n
d
a
ry
u
se
rs
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
io
n
s o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
2
0
1
5
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
8
2
7
-
6
8
4
2
.
[1
6
]
T.
V
a
n
Ch
ien
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
Jo
in
t
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
u
se
r
a
ss
o
c
iatio
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
m
a
s
siv
e
M
IM
O
s
y
ste
m
s,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
30.
[1
7
]
E
.
Bjö
r
n
so
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
―
Op
ti
m
a
l
m
u
l
ti
u
se
r
tran
sm
it
b
e
a
m
f
o
rm
in
g
:
A
d
if
f
icu
lt
p
ro
b
lem
w
it
h
a
si
m
p
le
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
stru
c
tu
re
[
lec
tu
re
n
o
tes
]
,
‖
IE
EE
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
.
2
0
1
4
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
-
1
4
8
.
[1
8
]
L.
Zh
a
o
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
p
o
we
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
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T
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p
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-
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tri
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m
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n
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.
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se
a
rc
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s
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re
r
e
late
d
to
th
e
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
s
y
ste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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rv
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.